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@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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7:12 akyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure פַּ֤עַם ׀ בַּח֗וּץ פַּ֥עַם בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת וְאֵ֖צֶל כָּל־פִּנָּ֣ה תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She lies in ambush at one time in the street, at another time in the open areas, and beside every corner”
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7:12 uo9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּח֗וּץ 1 The word **street** represents streets in general, not one particular street. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
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7:12 hiss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּנָּ֣ה 1 See how you translated **corner** in [7:8](../07/08.md).
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7:12 dezc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “she lay in ambush”
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7:12 dezc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “she lay in wait”
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7:12 h64f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶאֱרֹֽב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous woman looking for a man to persuade to have sex with her as if she were preparing to attack someone by surprise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she waited to find someone she could persuade to have sex with”
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7:13 l1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה 1 **Then** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the narrative from [7:10](../07/10.md), which Solomon had interrupted with background information in [7:11–12](../07/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could show reference to earlier events by translating this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After she meets him, she grabs”\n
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7:13 lfso rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה & וְנָ֣שְׁקָה & הֵעֵ֥זָה & וַתֹּ֣אמַר 1 Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And she grabbed … and kissed … she strengthened … and said”
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@ -2684,7 +2684,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Here, **day** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 24-hour length of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the time of battle”\n
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21:31 r9z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה 1 Here, **the salvation** refers to being saved from defeat in **battle**, which is another way of saying “the victory.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the victory” or “being saved from defeat”
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21:31 sesx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **Yahweh** is the source of **the salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but … is from Yahweh”
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22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n * Introduction to the sayings (22:17–21)\n * The sayings (22:22–24:22)\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Solomon wrote all 375 proverbs in [10:1](../10/01.md)–[22:16](../22/16.md), and an unknown group of people called “the wise ones” wrote [22:22](../22/22.md)–[24:22](../24/22.md).\n\nThis section written by “the wise ones” contains some longer proverbs, as in [22:22](../22/22.md)–[27](../22/27.md). This section seems to be introduced by Solomon himself in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[21](../22/21.md)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 22 also contains contrasting parallelism ([22:3](../22/03.md), [12](../22/12.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([22:1](../22/01.md), [24](../22/24.md), [26](../22/26.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [22:20](../22/20.md)–[21](../22/21.md) and [27](../22/27.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n
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22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n * Introduction to the sayings (22:17–21)\n * The sayings (22:22–24:22)\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Solomon wrote all 375 proverbs in [10:1](../10/01.md)–[22:16](../22/16.md). In [22:17](../22/17.md)–[21](../22/21.md), it seems that Solomon himself introduces a section of proverbs written by an unknown group of people called “the wise ones” wrote [22:22](../22/22.md)–[24:22](../24/22.md). Most of these proverbs of “the wise ones” are longer than one verse. Each individual of these proverbs will be marked in the notes.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 22 also contains contrasting parallelism ([22:3](../22/03.md), [12](../22/12.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([22:1](../22/01.md), [24](../22/24.md), [26](../22/26.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [22:20](../22/20.md)–[21](../22/21.md) and [27](../22/27.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n
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22:1 kpvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם מֵעֹ֣שֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּ֥סֶף וּ֝מִזָּהָ֗ב חֵ֣ן טֽוֹב 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A name is to be chosen more than abundant riches; yes, favor is better than silver and than gold”
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22:1 m8c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֵׁ֭ם 1 Here, **name** refers to a person’s reputation. Solomon implies that it is a good reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A good reputation”
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22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name”
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@ -2709,7 +2709,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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22:5 bj91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ 1 The content of this clause is in contrast to the content of the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, one who guards his life”\n
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22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person who wants to stay alive as if **his life** were something that he **guards**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “protects his life” in [16:17](../16/17.md). Alternate translation: “one who keeps himself alive”\n
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22:5 f1ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵהֶֽם 1 Here, **them** refers to the **Thorns** and **traps** mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from those thorns and traps”
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22:6 kt3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ֭נַּעַר & דַרְכּ֑וֹ & יַ֝זְקִ֗ין לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר 1 Here, **the young man**, **his**, and **he** refer to **young** people in general, not a specific **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any young person … that person’s way … that person is old, that person will not turn away”
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22:6 kt3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ֭נַּעַר & דַרְכּ֑וֹ & יַ֝זְקִ֗ין לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר 1 Here, **the boy**, **his**, and **he** refer to children in general, not a specific **boy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any child … that person’s way … that person is old, that person will not turn away”
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22:6 je4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַל־פִּ֣י דַרְכּ֑וֹ 1 Here, **way** refers to how a person behaves, as in [1:15](../01/15.md). The phrase **according to his way** could mean: (1) the way **the young man** should behave. Alternate translation: “to live how he should live” (2) the way **the young man** is already behaving, in which case **Train up** is an ironic use of a command and this verse would be a warning against letting a young person live however they want. Alternate translation: “to live according to how he is living”
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22:6 v87b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר מִמֶּֽנָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person continuing to behave a certain way as if that person were not turning **away from** that behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the phrase **turn away from** in [3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “he will continue behaving that way”\n
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22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭שִׁיר & וְעֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֶֽה 1 **A rich one**, **a borrower**, **a slave**, and **a man who lends** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any rich person … and any borrower is a slave to any person who lends”
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@ -2749,7 +2749,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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22:15 fuj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִ֭וֶּלֶת & מ֝וּסָ֗ר 1 See how you translate the abstract nouns **Folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **discipline** in [13:24](../13/24.md).
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22:15 ywtt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְשׁוּרָ֣ה בְלֶב 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a young man** inherently thinking foolishly as if **Folly** were an object **bound up** in that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is inherently within the mind of”
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22:15 ckwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְלֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
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22:15 u8h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָ֑עַר & מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 Here, **a young man** and **him** refer to a child in general, not a specific **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any child … from that child”\n
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22:15 u8h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָ֑עַר & מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 Here, **a boy** and **him** refer to a child in general, not a specific **boy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any child … from that child”\n
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22:15 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֵׁ֥בֶט מ֝וּסָ֗ר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that is used to **discipline** someone. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rod used for discipline”
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22:15 eweg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׁ֥בֶט 1 See how you translated the same use of **rod** in [10:13](../10/13.md) and [13:24](../13/24.md).
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22:15 dk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַרְחִיקֶ֥נָּה מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **discipline** causing a child to stop being foolish as if **Folly** were an object that **the rod of discipline** could cause to go **far away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in him ceasing from folly”
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@ -2784,6 +2784,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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22:21 ygvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לְהָשִׁ֥יב 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is a second purpose for Solomon writing these “words of the wise”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a second purpose. Alternate translation: “and to return”
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22:21 f7m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְהָשִׁ֥יב 1 Here, Solomon refers to replying to someone with **trustworthy words** as if they were objects that one returns to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to reply with”
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22:21 l5jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְשֹׁלְחֶֽיךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that he is speaking to a messenger whom his master has **sent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to your master who sent you”
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22:22 nk4t [22:22](../22/22.md)–[23](../22/23.md) is Saying 1 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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22:22 aq5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun דָּ֭ל & דַל־ה֑וּא & עָנִ֣י 1 Here, **a lowly one**, **he**, and **an afflicted one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any lowly person … that person is lowly … any afflicted person”
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22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֭ל & דַל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
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22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א 1 Here, the writer refers to oppressing **an afflicted one** as if someone were crushing that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
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@ -2792,6 +2793,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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22:23 ied3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns רִיבָ֑ם & קֹבְעֵיהֶ֣ם 1 In this verse, **their** and **them** refer to the afflicted and poor people referenced in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the dispute of poor people … those who plunder poor people”
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22:23 c70k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִיבָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **dispute** in [15:18](../15/18.md).
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22:23 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְקָבַ֖ע & נָֽפֶשׁ 1 Here, the writer refers to **Yahweh**killing a person who tries to **plunder** a poor person as if he were a thief who plunders that person’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will cause to die”
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22:24 himv [22:24](../22/24.md)–[25](../22/25.md) is Saying 2 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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22:24 w16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תִּ֭תְרַע אֶת־בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף וְאֶת־אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת לֹ֣א תָבֽוֹא 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not befriend an owner of nose, yes, do not go with a man of heat”
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22:24 e6fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף & אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת 1 Here, **an owner of nose** and **a man of heat** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any owner of nose … any person of heat”
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22:24 cpi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף 1 The phrase is an idiom that refers to a person who is characteristically angry. The word **nose** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his **nose**. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “an angry person”\n
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@ -2799,105 +2801,191 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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22:25 srzt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases פֶּן 1 Here, **lest** indicates that this verse continues the sentence that began in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do that, lest”
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22:25 jz7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶּאֱלַ֥ף אֹֽרְחֹתָ֑יו 1 Here, the writer speaks of someone behaving like someone else as if that person **learns** the **paths** which the other person walks on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **paths** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “you behave like him”
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22:25 s2i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלָקַחְתָּ֖ מוֹקֵ֣שׁ לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 Here, the writer speaks of a person causing his life to be in danger as if that person were an animal that gets caught in a **snare**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and you will put your life in danger” or “and you will be like an animal that gets caught in a snare and cannot escape”
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22:26 m26i [22:26](../22/26.md)–[27](../22/27.md) is Saying 3 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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22:26 ftq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗ים מַשָּׁאֽוֹת 1 In the second clause, the writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not be among those who clasp a palm; do not be among those who pledge for loans”
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22:26 gmwt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗ים מַשָּׁאֽוֹת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not be among those who clasp a palm, yes, do not be among those who pledge for loans”
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22:26 aq44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף 1 The phrase **do not be among** refers to not participating in what **those who clasp a palm** do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not be like those who clasp a palm” or “Do not clasp a palm”
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22:26 aq44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף 1 The phrase **do not be among** could refer to: (1) not associating with **those who clasp a palm**. Alternate translation: “Do not associate with those who clasp a palm” (2) not participating in what **those who clasp a palm** do. Alternate translation: “Do not be like those who clasp a palm” or “Do not clasp a palm”
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22:26 rnd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף 1 See how you translated the same idiom in [6:1](../06/01.md) and [17:18](../17/18.md).
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22:26 wt7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **pledge** in [6:1](../06/01.md).
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22:27 r204 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אִם 1 This verse gives a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because if”\n
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22:27 p5uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵֽין־לְךָ֥ לְשַׁלֵּ֑ם 1 Here, the writer is referring to repaying the loans mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there is no money for you to repay the loan”
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22:27 cwjf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ֥מָּה יִקַּ֥ח מִ֝שְׁכָּבְךָ֗ מִתַּחְתֶּֽיךָ 1 The writing is using the question form to emphasize what will happen if a person cannot repay a loan for someone else. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “surely he will take away your bed from under you!”
|
||||
22:27 y5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִקַּ֥ח מִ֝שְׁכָּבְךָ֗ מִתַּחְתֶּֽיךָ 1 This clause refers to a person who loaned money taking away the **bed** of someone because that person was unable to pay the loan that he had promised to pay for someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “should the lender take away your bed from under you because you were not able to repay the loan”
|
||||
22:28 de0m [22:28](../22/28.md) is Saying 4 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
22:28 hrlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The writer implies that someone moves the **ancient boundary** in order to cheat the landowner by changing the boundaries of his land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not cheat a landowner by moving the ancient boundary”
|
||||
22:28 tb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The phrase **ancient boundary** refers to stones that people used to mark the boundaries of the land that they owned. These boundaries were **ancient** because they were originally placed by the landowner's ancestors. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **boundary** marker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the stones placed long ago that mark the borders of someone’s land”
|
||||
22:28 j4id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבוֹתֶֽיךָ 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
|
||||
22:29 ep6r [22:29](../22/29.md) is Saying 5 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָזִ֡יתָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **Behold** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
|
||||
22:29 uljc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֤ישׁ ׀ מָ֘הִ֤יר בִּמְלַאכְתּ֗וֹ & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב & בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב 1 Here, **a skilled man**, **his**, **he**, and **himself** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “people skilled in their work; those people will station themselves … they will not station themselves”
|
||||
22:29 tf37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִֽפְנֵֽי & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵ֥י 1 The phrase **station himself before the face of** is an idiom that means “to enter the service of.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will enter the service of … he will not enter the service of”
|
||||
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n
|
||||
23:1 z181 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole put a knife to your throat 0 Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
23:3 zfk9 Do not crave 0 “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
|
||||
23:3 zkz5 his delicacies 0 Alternate translation: “his special and expensive food”
|
||||
23:3 tjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it is the food of lies 0 This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you”
|
||||
23:4 a4va 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:4 wh19 Do not work too hard 0 Alternate translation: “Do not work so much that you are always tired”
|
||||
23:5 n9hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor light upon it 0 land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time.
|
||||
23:5 sp17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off 0 A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away”
|
||||
23:5 ryq4 wings like an eagle 0 wings like an eagle’s wings
|
||||
23:6 afl6 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:6 su9w do not crave 0 “do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
|
||||
23:6 jtt7 his delicacies 0 “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
|
||||
23:7 lbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his heart is not with you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal”
|
||||
23:8 aw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole You will vomit up the little you have eaten 0 This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything”
|
||||
23:8 z3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will have wasted your compliments 0 Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
23:9 u4q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the hearing of a fool 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you”
|
||||
23:10 iha4 ancient 0 very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
|
||||
23:10 de8r boundary stone 0 This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
|
||||
23:10 a9cb encroach 0 This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
|
||||
23:11 p1uf their Redeemer 0 Yahweh
|
||||
23:11 bgi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will plead their case against you 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you”
|
||||
23:12 pgj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Apply your heart to 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember”
|
||||
23:12 v2r3 instruction 0 This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
|
||||
23:12 jul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis your ears 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully”
|
||||
23:12 gn45 to words of knowledge 0 Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
|
||||
23:13 c9zs 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:13 qfa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Do not withhold instruction from a child 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child”
|
||||
23:13 r8dq withhold 0 refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
|
||||
23:14 jx2r rod 0 piece of wood
|
||||
23:14 e27r It is you who must beat him … and save his soul 0 “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
|
||||
23:16 sij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche when your lips speak 0 “Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak”
|
||||
23:17 zgy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Do not let your heart envy sinners 0 The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners”
|
||||
23:18 d3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your hope will not be cut off 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you”
|
||||
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor direct your heart in the way 0 Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise”
|
||||
23:20 sag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche gluttonous eaters of meat 0 This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to”
|
||||
23:22 s9it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes do not despise 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for”
|
||||
23:24 rzg3 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:24 qls1 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him 0 Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
|
||||
23:24 b6a9 will be glad in him 0 Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him”
|
||||
23:26 c77m 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:26 ds3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give me your heart 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.”
|
||||
23:26 zdk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let your eyes observe 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at”
|
||||
23:27 b64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism prostitute … immoral woman 0 There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman.
|
||||
23:27 y9ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a prostitute is a deep pit 0 The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit”
|
||||
23:27 i17l prostitute 0 Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
|
||||
23:27 zt34 deep pit … narrow well 0 These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
|
||||
23:27 fys1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an immoral woman is a narrow well 0 Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well”
|
||||
23:27 ezr3 well 0 a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
|
||||
23:28 x4yu lies in wait 0 stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
|
||||
23:29 l7du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? 0 The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.”
|
||||
23:29 yw3q bloodshot eyes 0 Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood”
|
||||
23:30 kqg7 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine 0 These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
|
||||
23:30 g2tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism linger over wine 0 spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine
|
||||
23:30 t96n the mixed wine 0 This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
|
||||
23:31 v5x1 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
23:32 ip9z In the last 0 Alternate translation: “After you drink it”
|
||||
23:32 cr4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder 0 The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
23:32 q4ct adder 0 a type of poisonous snake
|
||||
23:33 qfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your heart will utter perverse things 0 The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things”
|
||||
23:33 d1kc perverse things 0 things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
|
||||
23:34 s7qb 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
|
||||
23:34 q7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lies on the top of a mast 0 The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
23:34 lxy2 mast 0 the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
|
||||
23:35 c4na They hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. 0 Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
|
||||
23:35 d6ej When will I wake up? 0 The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
|
||||
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n * Introduction to the sayings (22:17–21)\n * The sayings (22:22–24:22)\n\nChapter 23 continues the section of 30 sayings by “the wise ones” that began in [22:22](../22/22.md). This chapter mostly contains longer proverbs, except for [23:9](../23/09.md) and [23:12](../23/12.md).\n
|
||||
23:1 l415 [23:1](../23/01.md)–[3](../23/03.md) is Saying 6 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:1 z181 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מוֹשֵׁ֑ל 1 The word **ruler** represents rulers in general, not one particular **ruler**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any ruler”
|
||||
23:1 u73h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר 1 This could refer to: (1) the food that is put in front of you. Alternate translation: “what food” (2) the person seated in front of you. Alternate translation: “who”
|
||||
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ שַׂכִּ֣ין בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that means “restrain yourself.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you should cut down your appetite” or “and you should control yourself”
|
||||
23:2 frvy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ֖עַל נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 The phrase **an owner of appetite** refers to a person who likes to eat a lot. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have a big appetite” or “are a person who likes to eat”
|
||||
23:3 zkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָ֑יו 1 Here, **his** refers to the “ruler” mentioned in [23:1](../23/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that ruler’s delicious morsels”
|
||||
23:3 rn1s וְ֝ה֗וּא 1 Although **it** is singular, it refers to the **delicious morsels** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a plural form. Alternate translation: “for they”
|
||||
23:3 tjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֶ֣חֶם כְּזָבִֽים 1 Here, the writer is using the possessive form to refer to **bread** that someone gives for the purpose of **lies**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is bread for deception”
|
||||
23:3 w61m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֣חֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
|
||||
23:4 rbf0 [23:4](../23/04.md)–[5](../23/05.md) is Saying 7 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:4 a4va rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִֽבִּינָתְךָ֥ חֲדָֽל 1 This phrase could mean: (1) because you have **understanding**, you should **cease**. Alternate translation: “cease because of your understanding” (2) **from** having an incorrect understanding, which is what is described in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “cease from your wrong understanding about gaining riches”
|
||||
23:5 vjit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲתָ֤עִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בּ֗וֹ וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ 1 The writer is using the question form to emphasize how easily wealth is lost. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You will surely cause your eyes to fly to it, but it will not be there!”
|
||||
23:5 n9hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲתָ֤עִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בּ֗וֹ 1 Here, the writer speaks of someone looking at riches as if his **eyes** were a bird that could **fly** to the riches. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Will you look at it”
|
||||
23:5 qvbi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בּ֗וֹ וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ & יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ & יָע֥וּף 1 In this verse, **it** and **itself** refers to the riches mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the riches, but they are not there … those riches will make … for themselves … those riches will fly into”
|
||||
23:5 e2wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ 1 The writer implies that a person loses his wealth as soon as he sees it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but it is lost”
|
||||
23:5 y0uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה 1 The writer is repeating the verb **make** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “it will surely make”
|
||||
23:5 sp17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ כְנָפַ֑יִם כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר יָע֥וּף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Here, the writer speaks of a person quickly losing his wealth as if that wealth made **wings for itself** and flew away **into the sky**. The wealth will **fly** **like an eagle** because eagles **fly** quickly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “it will surely disappear quickly” or “it will surely disappear as if it had wings and flew away quickly like an eagle”
|
||||
23:5 whha rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר 1 An **eagle** is a bird that can fly quickly. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bird, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “like a quick bird”
|
||||
23:6 afl6 [23:6](../23/06.md)–[8](../23/08.md) is Saying 8 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:6 su9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֭חֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
|
||||
23:6 k6yo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן & לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו 1 Here, **one evil of eye** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any person evil of eye … that person’s delicious morsels”
|
||||
23:6 tqmw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן 1 The phrase **one evil of eye** is an idiom that means “a stingy person.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one who is stingy”
|
||||
23:6 jtt7 לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו 1 See how you translated this phrase in [23:3](../23/03.md).
|
||||
23:7 ki1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Don’t do those things because”\n
|
||||
23:7 s2ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּמוֹ־שָׁעַ֥ר 1 The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like one who calculates the cost of the food”
|
||||
23:7 oai7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ 1 Here, the writer uses **soul** to refer a person’s inner being or mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his inner being” or “in his mind”\n
|
||||
23:7 a1zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אֱכֹ֣ל וּ֭שְׁתֵה יֹ֣אמַר לָ֑ךְ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He will tell you to eat and drink”\n
|
||||
23:7 lbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝לִבּ֗וֹ בַּל־עִמָּֽךְ 1 The phrase **his heart is not with you** is an idiom that means “he is not being sincere with you.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but he is not speaking sincerely to you” or “but he is not being honest with you”
|
||||
23:8 aw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole פִּֽתְּךָ־אָכַ֥לְתָּ תְקִיאֶ֑נָּה 1 This clause could mean: (1) the person feels like vomiting, in which case this clause is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “You will feel like vomiting up what you ate” (2) the person actually vomits, as in the ULT.
|
||||
23:8 pipr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְקִיאֶ֑נָּה 1 The writer could imply that the person vomits or feels like vomiting because he is so disgusted at the attitude of the stingy person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “You will feel disgusted with him and vomit up”
|
||||
23:8 sc2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּֽתְּךָ 1 Here, **morsel** most likely refers to a small amount of food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “your bit of food” or “your small amount of food”
|
||||
23:8 z3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּ 1 Here, the writer refers to speaking **words** in vain as if they were objects that one could **ruin**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will uselessly speak”
|
||||
23:8 r0s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבָרֶ֥יךָ הַנְּעִימִֽים 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
|
||||
23:9 fp4q [23:9](../23/09.md) is Saying 9 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:9 u4q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּאָזְנֵ֣י & אַל־תְּדַבֵּ֑ר 1 The phrase **speak in the ears** refers to speaking directly to someone so that the person can clearly hear with his **ears** what is being said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak directly to”
|
||||
23:9 o70i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כְ֭סִיל & יָ֝ב֗וּז 1 See how you translated the same use of **a stupid one** and **he** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
|
||||
23:9 f7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְשֵׂ֣כֶל 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
|
||||
23:9 wgx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלֶּֽיךָ 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
|
||||
23:10 re1w [23:10](../23/10.md)–[11](../23/11.md) is Saying 10 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:10 iha4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 See how you translated this clause in [22:28](../22/28.md).
|
||||
23:10 a9cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבִשְׂדֵ֥י יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים אַל־תָּבֹֽא 1 The connection with the previous clause indicates that the phrase **enter into** here refers to taking over or using the land that belongs to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “do not take over the fields of fatherless ones” or “do not encroach on the fields of fatherless ones”
|
||||
23:10 u7re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים 1 The phrase **fatherless ones** refers to children who have lost their fathers and so do not have anyone to protect them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “children without fathers to protect them”
|
||||
23:11 p1uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גֹאֲלָ֥ם 1 Here, **their redeemer** refers to Yahweh, who is the Redeemer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “their Redeemer”\t\r
|
||||
23:11 bgi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֽוּא־יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֣ם אִתָּֽךְ 1 Here, the writer refers to Yahweh protecting “the fatherless ones” as if he were a lawyer who defends them in a legal **dispute**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he himself will defend the orphans against you”
|
||||
23:11 sllo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns הֽוּא־יָרִ֖יב 1 The writer uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Yahweh defends the defenseless. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “he indeed will plead”
|
||||
23:11 jouk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִיבָ֣ם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **dispute** in [15:18](../15/18.md).
|
||||
23:12 mpsa [23:12](../23/12.md) is Saying 11 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:12 ipfy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הָבִ֣יאָה לַמּוּסָ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ לְאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת 1 The writer is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring your heart to correction and bring your ear to words of knowledge”
|
||||
23:12 a7oi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הָבִ֣יאָה לַמּוּסָ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ לְאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Bring your heart to correction, yes, bring your ear to words of knowledge”
|
||||
23:12 pgj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָבִ֣יאָה לַמּוּסָ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ 1 Here, **bring your heart to** is an idiom that means “think carefully about.” The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind, as in [2:2](../02/02.md). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of the phrase “set your heart to” in [22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Think carefully about correction”\n
|
||||
23:12 v2r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַמּוּסָ֣ר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **correction** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
|
||||
23:12 jul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **ear** in [22:17](../22/17.md).
|
||||
23:12 gn45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated **words of knowledge** in [19:27](../19/27.md).
|
||||
23:13 uhz1 [23:13](../23/13.md)–[14](../23/14.md) is Saying 12 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:13 r8dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תִּמְנַ֣ע & מוּסָ֑ר 1 Here, the writer speaks of refusing to **discipline** a child as if **discipline** were an object that a parent refuses to give to his child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to discipline”
|
||||
23:13 qfa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **discipline** in [13:24](../13/24.md).
|
||||
23:13 xirt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִנַּ֣עַר & תַכֶּ֥נּוּ & לֹ֣א יָמֽוּת 1 Here, **a boy**, **him**, and **he** refer to children in general, not to a specific **boy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated the same use of **boy** and **he** in [22:6](../22/06.md). Alternate translation: “from any child … you strike that child … that child will not die”
|
||||
23:13 uavh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַ֝שֵּׁ֗בֶט 1 This phrase refers to a form of punishment that involved hitting a person with a **rod**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general expression for physical punishment. Alternate translation: “you punish him physically” or “you punish him by hitting him with a rod”\n
|
||||
23:14 jx2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶט תַּכֶּ֑נּוּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
|
||||
23:14 n86g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ & תַּצִּֽיל 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will rescue his life” or “This will result in you rescuing his life”\n
|
||||
23:14 fwe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ מִשְּׁא֥וֹל תַּצִּֽיל 1 Here, the writer speaks of someone preventing his child from dying as if he were rescuing **his life from Sheol**, which is the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will keep him alive”
|
||||
23:15 c9zs [23:15](../23/15.md)–[16](../23/16.md) is Saying 13 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:15 p7th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּ֭נִי 1 Although the term **son** is masculine, the writer is using this word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
|
||||
23:15 wwa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִבֶּ֑ךָ & לִבִּ֣י 1 In this verse, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
|
||||
23:16 mx6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כִלְיוֹתָ֑י 1 Here, **inner parts** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
|
||||
23:16 sij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **lips** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
|
||||
23:17 bxdp [23:17](../23/17.md)–[18](../23/18.md) is Saying 14 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:17 zgy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִ֭בְּךָ 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
|
||||
23:17 nh9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כִּ֥י אִם־בְּיִרְאַת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 The writer is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather continue in the fear of Yahweh”
|
||||
23:17 jzab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּיִרְאַת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
|
||||
23:18 ld0g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֭י אִם־יֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית 1 Here, the writer implies that the contents of the verse are true if the person has “the fear of Yahweh” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If you have the fear of Yahweh, then surely there is a future”
|
||||
23:18 lfbd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית 1 Here, the writer implies that the **future** is good and is for the person addressed as **your** in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there is a good future for you”
|
||||
23:18 d3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will not cut off your hope”
|
||||
23:18 vqe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **hope** in [10:28](../10/28.md).
|
||||
23:18 gu9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת 1 Here, the writer speaks of **hope** not remaining unfulfilled as if it were an object can **will not be cut off**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not remain unfulfilled” or “will not fail to become reality”
|
||||
23:18 uxul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת 1 The writer is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will surely become reality”
|
||||
23:19 jwu3 [23:19](../23/19.md)–[21](../23/21.md) is Saying 15 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:19 kgog rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְנִ֣י 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [10:1](../10/01.md).
|
||||
23:19 r8w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַחֲכָ֑ם 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what the writer commands his **son** to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. See how you translated this phrase in [6:6](../06/06.md).\n
|
||||
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאַשֵּׁ֖ר בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ לִבֶּֽךָ 1 Here, the writer refers to deciding to think about the right way to behave as if someone were leading his **heart** to go on a path. The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind, as in [2:2](../02/02.md), and **way** refers to right human behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and decide to think about right behavior”
|
||||
23:20 xyh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְסֹֽבְאֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **Do not be among** in [22:26](../22/26.md).
|
||||
23:20 sag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּזֹלֲלֵ֖י בָשָׂ֣ר 1 The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and do not be among gluttonous eaters of flesh”
|
||||
23:20 ssxn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בָשָׂ֣ר 1 Here, **flesh** refers to meat, which is animal **flesh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
|
||||
23:21 kz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun סֹבֵ֣א וְ֭זוֹלֵל 1 Here, **one who drinks much** and **one who eats gluttonously** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any person who drinks much and any person who eats gluttonously”
|
||||
23:21 u544 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit סֹבֵ֣א וְ֭זוֹלֵל 1 The writer implies that these people drink too much wine and gluttonously eat too much meat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated the similar phrases “drinkers of much wine” and “gluttonous eaters of flesh” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “one who drinks too much wine and one who gluttonously eats too much meat”
|
||||
23:21 oavg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝קְרָעִ֗ים תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁ נוּמָֽה 1 Here, the writer refers to people becoming poor because they sleep too much as if **slumber** were a person who clothes those people **with rags**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they will be clothed with rags because they slept too much”
|
||||
23:21 riow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝קְרָעִ֗ים תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁ נוּמָֽה 1 Here, **clothe with rags** indicates that a person is so poor that they only have **rags** for clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and slumber will make one so poor that he only has rags to wear”
|
||||
23:22 figy [23:22](../23/22.md)–[25](../23/25.md) is Saying 16 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:23 zp6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱמֶ֣ת קְ֭נֵה וְאַל־תִּמְכֹּ֑ר 1 Here, the writer speaks of learning and remembering **truth** as if it were an object that someone can **Acquire** and **sell**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Learn truth and do not forget it”
|
||||
23:23 aooc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱמֶ֣ת & חָכְמָ֖ה וּמוּסָ֣ר וּבִינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **truth** in [8:7](../08/07.md) and **wisdom**, **instruction**, and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
|
||||
23:23 yhtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאַל־תִּמְכֹּ֑ר 1 The writer is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and keep it”
|
||||
23:23 i6cc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חָכְמָ֖ה וּמוּסָ֣ר וּבִינָֽה 1 The writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and acquire wisdom and instruction and understanding”
|
||||
23:24 rity rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism גִּ֣יל יָ֭גִיל אֲבִ֣י צַדִּ֑יק וְיוֹלֵ֥ד חָ֝כָ֗ם יִשְׂמַח־בּֽוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The father of a righteous one, rejoicing, will rejoice; yes, one who begets a wise one, he will be glad in him”
|
||||
23:24 rzg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֲבִ֣י צַדִּ֑יק וְיוֹלֵ֥ד חָ֝כָ֗ם & בּֽוֹ 1 **The father**, **a righteous one**, **one who begets**, **a wise one**, and **him** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any father of any righteous person … and any person who begets any wise person … in that person”
|
||||
23:24 qls1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication גִּ֣יל יָ֭גִיל 1 The writer is repeating the verb **rejoice** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “he will greatly rejoice”\n
|
||||
23:24 b6a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בּֽוֹ 1 The word translated as **in** indicates that what follows is the reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “on account of him”
|
||||
23:25 wtse rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִֽשְׂמַח־אָבִ֥יךָ וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “May your father and your mother be glad; yes, may she who bore you rejoice”
|
||||
23:25 m9q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יִֽשְׂמַח־אָבִ֥יךָ וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ 1 The writer is using an appeal statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command form. Alternate translation: “Make your father and your mother be glad, and make she who bore you rejoice”
|
||||
23:25 ao7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result יִֽשְׂמַח־אָבִ֥יךָ וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ 1 This verse states the intended result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is what should be the result of what came before. Alternate translation: “Therefore, may your father and your mother be glad”
|
||||
23:26 c77m [23:26](../23/26.md)–[28](../23/28.md) is Saying 17 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:26 ds3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּנָֽה & לִבְּךָ֣ לִ֑י 1 Here, the writer refers to paying careful attention to someone as if the **son** were to **give** his **heart** to him. The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind, as in [2:2](../02/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pay careful attention to me”
|
||||
23:26 s0t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָ דְּרָכַ֥י תִּצֹּֽרְנָה 1 The writer is using an appeal statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command form. Alternate translation: “and make your eyes watch my ways”
|
||||
23:26 zdk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָ & תִּצֹּֽרְנָה 1 Here, **eyes** the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and may you look carefully at”
|
||||
23:26 me0c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכַ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
|
||||
23:27 b64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כִּֽי־שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲמֻקָּ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וּבְאֵ֥ר צָ֝רָ֗ה נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “For a prostitute is a deep pit, yes, and a foreign woman is a narrow well”
|
||||
23:27 squ9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲמֻקָּ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וּבְאֵ֥ר צָ֝רָ֗ה נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 Here, **a prostitute**, **a deep pit**, **a foreign woman**, and **a narrow well** refer to these things and types of people in general, not to specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any prostitute is a deep pit, and any foreign woman is a narrow well”
|
||||
23:27 y9ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲמֻקָּ֣ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [22:14](../22/14.md).
|
||||
23:27 i17l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:16](../02/16.md).
|
||||
23:27 zt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְאֵ֥ר צָ֝רָ֗ה 1 Here, the writer speaks of the inescapable danger of **a foreign woman** as if she were a **narrow well** that a person could fall into and not get out of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and … is dangerous” or “and … is dangerous like a narrow well”\n
|
||||
23:28 acrj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הִ֭יא כְּחֶ֣תֶף תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב 1 Here, the writer compares a prostitute to a **robber** who **lies in wait** because she wants to get the man’s money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. See how you translated **lies in wait** in [7:12](../07/12.md). Alternate translation: “she herself lies in wait to steal a man’s money like a robber”
|
||||
23:28 r31o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns הִ֭יא & תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב 1 The writer uses the word **herself** to emphasize who harms men. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “she is the very one who lies in wait”
|
||||
23:28 x4yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים & תּוֹסִֽף 1 Here, the writer speaks of a prostitute causing men to act unfaithfully as if she were adding them to a group of **treacherous ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she causes more men to become treacherous”
|
||||
23:28 d1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּאָדָ֥ם 1 In this verse, the word **man** is singular in form, but it refers to all men as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly, as in the UST.
|
||||
23:29 hvmg [23:29](../23/29.md)–[35](../23/35.md) is Saying 18 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
23:29 l7du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לְמִ֨י א֥וֹי לְמִ֪י אֲב֡וֹי לְמִ֤י מדונים ׀ לְמִ֥י שִׂ֗יחַ לְ֭מִי פְּצָעִ֣ים חִנָּ֑ם לְ֝מִ֗י חַכְלִל֥וּת עֵינָֽיִם 1 The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about “those who linger over wine” in the next verse. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, quarrels, lament, wounds without reason, and dullness of eyes.”
|
||||
23:29 baid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְמִ֨י א֥וֹי לְמִ֪י אֲב֡וֹי לְמִ֤י מדונים ׀ לְמִ֥י שִׂ֗יחַ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **woe**, **sorrow**, **quarrels**, and **lament**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Who is woeful? Who is sorrowful? Who is quarrelsome? Who laments?”
|
||||
23:29 yw3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַכְלִל֥וּת עֵינָֽיִם 1 The phrase **dullness of eyes** refers to **eyes** that look red because a person drank too much alcohol. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is red eyes, like the color of blood” or “is bloodshot eyes”
|
||||
23:30 kqg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל־הַיָּ֑יִן 1 This verse answers the rhetorical questions in the previous verse. If you did not use questions in the previous verse, then you may need to adjust this sentence. Alternate translation: “The kind of people who do these things are those who linger over wine”
|
||||
23:30 g2tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל־הַיָּ֑יִן 1 Here, the writer refers to people who use a lot of time drinking a lot of wine as if they were lingering **over wine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For those who spend many hours drinking wine” or “For those who drink more and more wine”
|
||||
23:30 t96n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ 1 Here, the writer implies that these people **search out mixed wine** in order to drink it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for those coming to search out and drink mixed wine”
|
||||
23:30 qrqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִמְסָֽךְ 1 In ancient Israel, people often prepared **wine** for drinking by mixing it with water. See how you translated “mixed her wine” in [9:2](../09/02.md) and the similar expression in [9:5](../09/05.md).
|
||||
23:31 v5x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תֵּ֥רֶא 1 Here, **look at** implies looking at with pleasure or with the desire to drink the **wine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not look with desire for”
|
||||
23:31 u5q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֪י יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים 1 These three clauses give reasons why someone is tempted to drink **wine**, in contrast to the command to **not look at** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this contrast more explicit. Alternate translation: “despite it being red, giving its eye in the cup, and going with evenness”
|
||||
23:31 ducn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִתֵּ֣ן בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ 1 The phrase **it gives eye** refers to the way **wine** gleams or reflects light inside a **cup**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it gleams in the cup”
|
||||
23:31 pcbf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים 1 Here, the writer implies that the **wine** **goes** down a person’s throat smoothly when he drinks it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it flows down one’s through smoothly”
|
||||
23:32 ip9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Its end bites like a snake, yes, it stings like a viper”
|
||||
23:32 t2m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ 1 **Its end** refers to the result of drinking too much wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The result of drinking too much of it”
|
||||
23:32 lpa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ 1 The writer is saying that the result of drinking too much wine is **like a snake** biting the person because it harms a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is harm” or “harms the person”
|
||||
23:32 cr4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ 1 The writer is saying that the result of drinking too much wine is **like a viper** stinging the person because it harms a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and it harms the person”
|
||||
23:33-35 ser4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵ֭ינֶיךָ יִרְא֣וּ זָר֑וֹת 1 The writer implies that what is described in these verses is what someone experiences when he drinks too much alcohol. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “These things will happen if you drink too much wine: your eyes will see strange things”
|
||||
23:33 qfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינֶיךָ & וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ 1 In this verse, **eyes** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [23:26](../23/26.md).
|
||||
23:33 feum rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ יְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת 1 Here, **heart** could refer to: (1) the whole person, as in [12:23](../12/23.md) and the UST. (2) the person’s mind, in which case the mind would be speaking to itself. Alternate translation: “and your mind will tell you confusing things” or “and your mind will be confused”
|
||||
23:34 ezl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ֭הָיִיתָ כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב בְּלֶב־יָ֑ם וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And you will be like one who lies down in the heart of the sea, yes, like one who lies down at the head of a mast”
|
||||
23:34 s7qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב בְּלֶב־יָ֑ם 1 The writer is saying that a drunk person is like someone **who lies down in the heart of the sea** because that person feels dizzy, nauseous, and unsteady like someone on a boat in the middle of the ocean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “dizzy and nauseous”
|
||||
23:34 owzj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּלֶב־יָ֑ם 1 Here, **heart** refers to middle of **the sea**, which is far away from land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “far out in the ocean”
|
||||
23:34 q7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל 1 The writer is saying that a drunk person is like someone **who lies down at the head of a mast** because that person feels dizzy and stumbles like someone who sways back and forth at the top of the mast of a ship in the ocean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and swaying from side to side”
|
||||
23:34 lxy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל 1 The phrase **head of a mast** refers to the top of a long wooden pole to which a large cloth called a sail was attached for the purpose of sailing a ship. This part of the ship would move back and forth more than any other part of the ship, so someone **at the head of a mast** could easily become dizzy. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **mast**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “at the highest point on a ship”
|
||||
23:35 c4na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations הִכּ֥וּנִי 1 This verse describes what a drunk person would say, who was referred to as “you” in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
|
||||
23:35 kzm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast הִכּ֥וּנִי בַל־חָלִיתִי֮ 1 The drunk person implies a strong contrast between the first clause and the second. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They struck me. However, I was not hurt”
|
||||
23:35 tze3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast הֲלָמ֗וּנִי בַּל־יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּי 1 The drunk person implies a strong contrast between the first clause and the second. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They beat me. However, I did not know”
|
||||
23:35 d953 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מָתַ֥י אָקִ֑יץ 1 The drunk person uses a question in order to emphasize his desire to be **awake**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I want to wake up!”
|
||||
23:35 d6ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָתַ֥י אָקִ֑יץ 1 Here, **wake up** refers to the drunk person becoming sober again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When will I sober up”
|
||||
23:35 lesx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis א֝וֹסִ֗יף אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ עֽוֹד 1 The words **add** and **seek it again** express a single idea. The word **add** emphasizes the repetition of seeking more wine to drink. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “I will seek it yet again”
|
||||
23:35 r9kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ עֽוֹד 1 The drunk person implies that he will **seek** more wine and drink it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will seek wine to drink again”
|
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24:intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n
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24:1 d1dq 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
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24:1 d1dq 0 [24:1](../24/01.md)–[2](../24/02.md) is Saying 19 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:2 dw7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their hearts 0 The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they”
|
||||
24:2 m8px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their lips 0 The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they”
|
||||
24:2 es5l talk about trouble 0 Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
|
||||
24:3 f9id 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
24:3 f9id 0 [24:3](../24/03.md)–[4](../24/04.md) is Saying 20 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:3 hiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Through wisdom a house is built 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
24:3 q4cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by understanding it is established 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
24:3 mq3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is established 0 The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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24:4 ry4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By knowledge the rooms are filled 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
24:5 lfm0 0 [24:5](../24/05.md)–[6](../24/06.md) is Saying 21 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
24:5 my2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a man of knowledge increases his strength 0 The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things”
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24:6 e43z wage your war 0 Alternate translation: “fight your war”
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||||
24:6 nll1 advisors 0 those who tell government officials what those officials should do
|
||||
24:7 krxt 0 [24:7](../24/07.md) is Saying 22 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:7 r9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom too high for a fool 0 This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand”
|
||||
24:7 e2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy open his mouth 0 The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak”
|
||||
24:8 a5cj 0 [24:8](../24/08.md)–[9](../24/09.md) is Saying 23 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
24:8 f9l9 a master of schemes 0 one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
|
||||
24:10 eko6 0 [24:10](../24/10.md) is Saying 24 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
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24:10 dbq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom your strength is small 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak”
|
||||
24:11 in3v 0 [24:11](../24/11.md)–[12](../24/12.md) is Saying 25 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:11 xc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who are being taken away 0 These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away”
|
||||
24:11 n8k2 taken away 0 Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
|
||||
24:11 ru95 staggering 0 walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2908,19 +2996,21 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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24:12 zda4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy weighs the heart 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
24:12 pa6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion The one who guards your life, does he not know it? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.”
|
||||
24:12 m55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will God not give to each one what he deserves? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.”
|
||||
24:15 i96h 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||||
24:13 sb5m 0 [24:13](../24/13.md)–[14](../24/14.md) is Saying 26 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
24:15 i96h 0 [24:15](../24/15.md)–[16](../24/16.md) is Saying 27 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
|
||||
24:15 s1ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Do not lie in wait 0 The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time”
|
||||
24:15 g6w6 his home 0 the home of the righteous person
|
||||
24:16 jrm7 rises again 0 Alternate translation: “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
|
||||
24:16 k8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification wicked people are brought down by calamity 0 The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
24:16 u49k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are brought down 0 This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall.
|
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24:16 ze9b calamity 0 times when bad things happen to people and their property
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24:17 rpu6 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
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24:17 rpu6 0 [24:17](../24/17.md)–[18](../24/18.md) is Saying 28 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:17 t9ei your enemy falls 0 Alternate translation: “something bad happens to your enemy”
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24:17 by2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let not your heart be glad 0 This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad”
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24:18 b18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away his wrath from him 0 The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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24:19 pz3e 0 [24:19](../24/19.md)–[20](../24/20.md) is Saying 29 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:20 mmf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of wicked people will go out 0 The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out.
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24:21 j1fr 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
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24:21 j1fr 0 [24:21](../24/21.md)–[22](../24/22.md) is Saying 30 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”
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24:21 vvr9 Fear 0 a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
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24:22 jzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? 0 The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.”
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24:22 ub7e both of them 0 these words refer to Yahweh and the king
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Reference in New Issue