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- the beginning of my strength - Hebrew parents would dedicate their first child to God. The words "beginning" and "first-fruit" means that Reuben belonged to God in a special way. Alternate translation: "the first-fruit of my manhood."
- outstanding in dignity, and outstanding in power - "You are first in honor and power."
- Uncontrollable as rushing water - Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_simile)
- you shall not have the pre-eminence - eminence** - "you shall not be first among your brothers"
- because you went up to your father’s bed. Then you defiled it; you went up to my couch. - This refers to when Reuben slept with Bilhah in en:bible:notes:gen:35:21. This can be made explicit: "because you went to my bed and had sex with Bilhah my concubine. You brought shame on me." (See: en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism and en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit)