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the brightness of God's glory
"the light of his glory." God's glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God's glory.
glory, the exact representation of his being
"glory, the image of God's being." The "the exact representation of his being" is similar in meaning to "the brightness of God's glory." The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: "glory and is just like God" or "glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son"
the word of his power
"his powerful word." Here "word" refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: "his powerful command" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
After he had made cleansing for sins
The abstract noun "cleansing" can be expressed as a verb: "making clean." Alternate translation: "After he had finished making us clean from sins" or "After he had finished purifying us from our sins" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
he had made cleansing for sins
The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: "he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high
The person who sits "at the right hand" of a king sits at his right side and rules with all the authority of the king at whose right hand or side he sits. This is a metonym of location that represents the authority that the person in that location possesses. Alternate translation: "he began to rule with all the authority of the Majesty on high" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
the Majesty on high
Here "Majesty" refers to God. Alternate translation: "God Most High" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)