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it was just as it is written
Here Paul refers to a scripture where Christ (the Messiah) speaks to God. You can translate this in an active form. AT: "the Messiah said to God in the scriptures" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
The insults of those who insulted you fell on me
The insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ.
For whatever was previously written was written for our instruction
You can translate this in an active form. AT: "For in times past, the prophets wrote everything in the Scriptures to teach us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
our ... we
Paul includes his readers and other believers. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive)
in order that through patience and through encouragement of the scriptures we would have confidence
Here "have confidence" means that the believers will know that God will fulfill his promises. You can make explicit the full meaning in your translation. AT: "In this way the scriptures will encourage us to expect that God will do for us everything that he has promised" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)