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they do not have root in themselves,
This is a comparison to the young plants that have very shallow roots. This metaphor means that the people were first excited when they received the word, but they were not strongly devoted to it. Alternate translation: "they are like young plants that have no roots" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
do not have root
This is an exaggeration to emphasize how shallow the roots were. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole)
endure
In this parable, "endure" means "believe." Alternate translation: "continue in their belief" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word
It may be helpful to explain that tribulation comes because people believe God's message. Alternate translation: "tribulation or persecution comes because they believe God's message" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
they immediately fall away
In this parable, "fall away" means "stop believing God's message" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)