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Formatting examples

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Henry Whitney 2018-10-12 17:28:08 -04:00
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translate/figs-distinguish/01.md
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@ -54,22 +54,17 @@ If people would understand the purpose of a phrase with a noun, then consider ke
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Put the information in another part of the sentence and add words that show its purpose.
* **I hate those who serve <u>worthless</u> idols** (Psalm 31:6 ULB) - By saying "worthless idols," David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
* **I hate those who serve <u>worthless</u> idols** (Psalm 31:6 ULB) - By saying "worthless idols," David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
* <u>Because</u> idols are worthless, I hate those who serve them.
* **Your <u>righteous</u> judgments are good.** (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
* **Your <u>righteous</u> judgments are good.** (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
* Your judgments are good <u>because</u> they are righteous.
* **How can Sarah, <u>who is ninety years old</u>, bear a son?** (Genesis 17:17-18 ULB) - The phrase "who is ninety years old" is a reminder of Sarah's age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
* **How can Sarah, <u>who is ninety years old</u>, bear a son?** (Genesis 17:17-18 ULB) - The phrase "who is ninety years old" is a reminder of Sarah's age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
* Can Sarah bear a son <u>even when</u> she is ninety years old?
* **I will call on Yahweh, <u>who is worthy to be praised</u>.** (2 Samuel 22:4 ULB) - There is only one Yahweh. The phrase "who is worthy to be praised" gives a reason for calling on Yahweh.
* **I will call on Yahweh, <u>who is worthy to be praised</u>.** (2 Samuel 22:4 ULB) - There is only one Yahweh. The phrase "who is worthy to be praised" gives a reason for calling on Yahweh.
* I will call on Yahweh, <u>because</u> he is worthy to be praised.
1. Use one of your language's ways for expressing that this is additional information.
* **You are my Son, <u>whom I love</u>. I am pleased with you.** (Luke 3:22 ULB)
* **You are my Son, <u>whom I love</u>. I am pleased with you.** (Luke 3:22 ULB)
* You are my Son. <u>I love you</u> and I am pleased with you.
* <u>Receiving my love</u>, you are my Son. I am pleased with you.

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translate/figs-go/01.md
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@ -44,12 +44,10 @@ If the word used in the ULB would be natural and give the right meaning in your
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Use the word "go," "come," "take," or "bring" that would be natural in your language.
* **But you will be free from my oath if you <u>come</u> to my relatives and they will not give her to you.** (Genesis 24:41 ULB)
* But you will be free from my oath if you <u>go</u> to my relatives and they will not give her to you.
1. Use another word that expresses the right meaning.
* **When you have <u>come</u> to the land that Yahweh your God gives you ...** (Deuteronomy 17:14 ULB)
* When you have <u>arrived</u> in the land that Yahweh your God gives you ...
* **Yahweh said to Noah, "<u>Come</u>, you and all your household, into the ark ...** (Genesis 7:1 ULB)

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translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md
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@ -87,25 +87,21 @@ If the exaggeration or generalization would be natural and people would understa
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Express the meaning without the exaggeration.
* **... thirty thousand chariots, six thousand men to drive the chariots, and troops <u>as numerous as the sand on the seashore</u>.** (1 Samuel 13:5 ULB)
* ... thirty thousand chariots, six thousand men to drive the chariots, and <u>a great number of troops</u>.
1. For a generalization, show that it is a generalization by using a phrase like "in general" or "in most cases."
* **The one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame ...** (Proverbs 13:18 ULB)
* <u>In general,</u> the one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame ...
* **When you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.** (Matthew 6:7)
* When you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles <u>generally</u> do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.
1. For a generalization, add a word like "most" or "almost" to show that the generalization is not exact. 
* **The <u>whole</u> country of Judea and <u>all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him.** (Mark 1:5 ULB)
* <u>Almost all</u> the country of Judea and <u>almost all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him."
* <u>Most</u> of the country of Judea and <u>most</u> of the people of Jerusalem went out to him."
1. For a generalization that has a word like "all," always," "none," or "never," consider deleting that word.
* **The <u>whole</u> country of Judea and <u>all</u> the people of Jerusalem went out to him.** (Mark 1:5 ULB)
* The country of Judea and the people of Jerusalem went out to him.

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translate/figs-personification/01.md
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@ -41,18 +41,15 @@ If the personification would be understood clearly, consider using it. If it wou
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Add words or phrases to make it clear.
* ** ... <u>sin crouches</u> at the door** (Genesis 4:7 ULB) - God speaks of sin as a wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack. This shows how dangerous sin is. An additional phrase can be added to make this danger clear.
* **... <u>sin crouches</u> at the door** (Genesis 4:7 ULB) - God speaks of sin as a wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack. This shows how dangerous sin is. An additional phrase can be added to make this danger clear.
* ... <u>sin</u> is at your door, <u>waiting to attack you</u>
1. Use words such as "like" or "as" to show that the sentences is not to be understood literally.
* ** ... sin crouches at the door** (Genesis 4:7 ULB) - This can be translated with the word "as."
* **... sin crouches at the door** (Genesis 4:7 ULB) - This can be translated with the word "as."
* ... sin is crouching at the door, just <u>as a wild animal does waiting to attack a person</u>.
1. Find a way to translate it without the personification.
* ** ... even the <u>winds and the sea obey him</u> ...** (Matthew 8:27 ULB) - The men speak of the "wind and the sea as if they are able to hear" and obey Jesus as people can. This could also be translated without the idea of obedience by speaking of Jesus controlling them.
* **... even the <u>winds and the sea obey him</u> ...** (Matthew 8:27 ULB) - The men speak of the "wind and the sea as if they are able to hear" and obey Jesus as people can. This could also be translated without the idea of obedience by speaking of Jesus controlling them.
* He even <u>controls the winds and the sea</u>.

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translate/figs-possession/01.md
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@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ If possession would be a natural way to show a particular relationship between t
1. Use a verb to show how the two are related. In the example below, the added verb is in bold.
* ** ... Whoever gives you <u>a cup of water</u> to drink ... will not lose his reward.** (Mark 9:41 ULB)
* **... Whoever gives you <u>a cup of water</u> to drink ... will not lose his reward.** (Mark 9:41 ULB)
* ... Whoever gives you <u>a cup that **has** water in it</u> to drink ... will not lose his reward.
* **Wealth is worthless on <u>the day of wrath</u>** (Proverbs 11:4 ULB)

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translate/writing-background/01.md
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@ -56,16 +56,13 @@ To keep translations clear and natural you will need to study how people tell st
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Use your language's way of showing that certain information is background information. The examples below explain how this was done in the ULB English translations.
* **<u>Now</u> Jesus himself, when he began to teach, <u>was</u> about thirty years of age. He <u>was</u> the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli.** (Luke 3:23 ULB) English uses the word "now" to show that there is some kind of change in the story. The verb "was" shows that it is background information.
* **<u>Now</u> Jesus himself, when he began to teach, <u>was</u> about thirty years of age. He <u>was</u> the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli.** (Luke 3:23 ULB) English uses the word "now" to show that there is some kind of change in the story. The verb "was" shows that it is background information.
* **With many other exhortations also, he preached good news to the people. John also rebuked Herod the tetrarch <u>for marrying his brother's wife, Herodias</u>, and <u>for all the other evil things that Herod had done</u>. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.** (Luke 3:18-20 ULB) The underlined phrases happened before John rebuked Herod. In English, the helping verb "had" in "had done" shows that Herod did those things before John rebuked him.
* **With many other exhortations also, he preached good news to the people. John also rebuked Herod the tetrarch <u>for marrying his brother's wife, Herodias</u>, and <u>for all the other evil things that Herod had done</u>. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.** (Luke 3:18-20 ULB) The underlined phrases happened before John rebuked Herod. In English, the helping verb "had" in "had done" shows that Herod did those things before John rebuked him.
1. Reorder the information so that earlier events are mentioned first.
* **Hagar gave birth to Abram's son, and Abram named his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael. <u>Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram</u>.** (Genesis 16:16 ULB)
* <u>When Abram was eighty-six years old</u>, Hagar gave birth to his son, and Abram named his son Ishmael.
* **John also rebuked Herod the tetrarch <u>for marrying his brother's wife, Herodias</u>, and <u>for all the other evil things that Herod had done</u>. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.** (Luke 3:18-20) - The translation below reorders John's rebuke and Herod's actions.
* Now Herod the tetrarch married his brother's wife, Herodias, and he did many other evil things, so John rebuked him. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.
* **Hagar gave birth to Abram's son, and Abram named his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael. <u>Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram</u>.** (Genesis 16:16 ULB)
* <u>When Abram was eighty-six years old</u>, Hagar gave birth to his son, and Abram named his son Ishmael.
* **John also rebuked Herod the tetrarch <u>for marrying his brother's wife, Herodias</u>, and <u>for all the other evil things that Herod had done</u>. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.** (Luke 3:18-20) - The translation below reorders John's rebuke and Herod's actions.
* Now Herod the tetrarch married his brother's wife, Herodias, and he did many other evil things, so John rebuked him. But then Herod did another very evil thing. He had John locked up in prison.