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We, the members of the translation team, affirm that we have completed the steps below for level 1 checking:
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* Initial study of the text, using:
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* The translationNotes
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* The Translation Notes
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* The definitions of translationWords
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* Individual blind drafting
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* Individual self check
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* Peer check
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* Key word check as a team
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* Verse-by-verse accuracy check as a team
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* Final editing, including everything learned from the earlier editing sessions, the translationNotes, and the definitions of translationWords
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* Final editing, including everything learned from the earlier editing sessions, the Translation Notes, and the definitions of translationWords
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Names of translation team members:
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Why do some translationNotes have quotes from the UDB?
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Why do some Translation Notes have quotes from the UDB?
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@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ There are many different things that we can do to help us to discover the meanin
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* One meaning-based version, such as the *Unlocked Dynamic Bible* (UDB).
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1. Use the translationWords resources to learn about terms that you are not familiar with. Words sometimes have more than one meaning. Make sure that you have understood the right meaning of the word in the passage.
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1. Also use the translationNotes that are with the ULB Bible. These are available in the translationStudio program and the Door43 website. These will explain things about the passage that may not be clear. If possible, also use other reference books, such as other versions of the Bible, a Bible dictionary, or Bible commentaries.
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1. Also use the Translation Notes that are with the ULB Bible. These are available in the translationStudio program and the Door43 website. These will explain things about the passage that may not be clear. If possible, also use other reference books, such as other versions of the Bible, a Bible dictionary, or Bible commentaries.
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The intent of this level is to affirm the agreement of the translation team with
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To achieve this level, the translation team asserts that the [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md) is an accurate reflection of their own beliefs and that the translated content is also in harmony with it.
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The translation team asserts that the translation has been done in accordance with the MAST process and that they have made use of available exegetical and translation checking resources in the translation process, including the translationNotes and translationWords.
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The translation team asserts that the translation has been done in accordance with the MAST process and that they have made use of available exegetical and translation checking resources in the translation process, including the Translation Notes and Translation Words.
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An explanation of the steps followed during level one checking are available at [Level One Check](../level1/01.md).
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* [Translating with Wycliffe Associates Resources](../../intro/wa/01.md) - This section introduces how Bible translation is done with Wycliffe Associates. Among other things, it describes the Gateway Languages Strategy and tells about translation tools and resources to support that strategy.
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* [Translation Theory and Practices](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) - This explains the basics of translation theory and provides simple explanations of standard practices.
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* [Translation Topics](../../jit/figs-intro/01.md)- These are practical translation helps, specifically targeting potential challenges, that are also linked from the translationNotes.
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* [Translation Topics](../../jit/figs-intro/01.md)- These are practical translation helps, specifically targeting potential challenges, that are also linked from the Translation Notes.
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* [Checking](../../checking/intro-checking/01.md) - This explains the steps of checking that should begin as soon as a draft is completed, and continue throughout the remainder of the project. It also suggests who should be involved and provides best practices for affirming quality.
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### Description
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Unknowns are things that occur in the source text that are not known to the people of your culture. The translationWords pages and the translationNotes will help you understand what they are. After you understand them, you will need to find ways to refer to those things so that people who read your translation will understand what they are.
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Unknowns are things that occur in the source text that are not known to the people of your culture. The Translation Words pages and the Translation Notes will help you understand what they are. After you understand them, you will need to find ways to refer to those things so that people who read your translation will understand what they are.
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>We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish. (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and then cooking the mixture so that it is dry. (Grains are the seeds of a kind of grass.) In some cultures people do not have bread or know what it is.
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To help with this problem, the translation team can do three things:
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1. The translation team must use translationNotes, translationWords, and any other translation helps they have to help them translate in the best way. These translation helps were written by Bible scholars who know the original biblical languages.
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1. The translation team must use Translation Notes, Translation Words, and any other translation helps they have to help them translate in the best way. These translation helps were written by Bible scholars who know the original biblical languages.
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1. They should compare their translation with as many other reliable translations as they can, to make sure that it is communicating the same message as the others.
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1. Where possible, someone from the language community, who has studied the biblical languages should be invited to review the translation and offer feedback to the translation team. This person could be a church leader, pastor, seminary professor, or Bible translation professional.
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Sometimes Bible translations differ because some passages in the Bible are unclear or ambiguous in the original biblical languages. In that case, the translation team must choose between the possible meanings based on what Bible scholars say in translationNotes, translationWords, the UDB, and other translation helps. It is important for the team to work together on making these deicions and to humbly submit to the imput of their leaders and pastors.
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Sometimes Bible translations differ because some passages in the Bible are unclear or ambiguous in the original biblical languages. In that case, the translation team must choose between the possible meanings based on what Bible scholars say in Translation Notes, Translation Words, the Unlocked Dynamic Bible, and other translation helps. It is important for the team to work together on making these deicions and to humbly submit to the input of their leaders and pastors.
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@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ Always translating faithfully can be difficult for several reasons:
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* Example: When you are translating Mark 10:11, "Whoever divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her," you might know that in Matthew 19:9 there is also the phrase, "except for sexual immorality." Even so, do not add this phrase into Mark 10:11, because that would not be translating faithfully. Also, do not add any of your own ideas or teachings from your church. Only translate the meaning that is there in the Bible passage.
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In order to avoid these biases, especially the ones that you might not be aware of, study the translationNotes (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tn/, translationWords (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tw/) and the *Unlocked Dynamic Bible* (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_udb/), as well as any other translation helps that you have. That way you will know what the meaning of the Bible passage is, and you will be less likely to translate in a biased, unfaithful way.
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In order to avoid these biases, especially the ones that you might not be aware of, study the Translation Notes (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tn/, Translation Words (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tw/) and the *Unlocked Dynamic Bible* (see https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_udb/), as well as any other translation helps that you have. That way you will know what the meaning of the Bible passage is, and you will be less likely to translate in a biased, unfaithful way.
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Why do some translationNotes have numbered translation suggestions?
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Why do some Translation Notes have numbered translation suggestions?
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Why do some translationNotes not have any ULB text at the beginning?
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Why do some Translation Notes not have any ULB text at the beginning?
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Figures of speech are ways of saying things that use words in non-literal ways. That is, the meaning of a figure of speech is not the same as the more direct meaning of its words. There are many different types of figures of speech.
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In the translationNotes there will be an explanation about the meaning of a figure of speech that is in the passage. Sometimes an alternate translation is provided. There will also be a link to page in the translation topics section of the Translation Manual that gives additional information and strategies for that kind of figure of speech.
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In the Translation Notes there will be an explanation about the meaning of a figure of speech that is in the passage. Sometimes an alternate translation is provided. There will also be a link to page in the translation topics section of the Translation Manual that gives additional information and strategies for that kind of figure of speech.
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In order to translate the meaning, you need to be able to recognize the figure of speech and know what it means in the source language. Then you can choose either a figure of speech or a direct way to communicate that same meaning in the target language.
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How will translationNotes help me translate indirect and direct quotes?
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How will Translation Notes help me translate indirect and direct quotes?
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There are two types of links in the translationNotes: links to a Translation Manual topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
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There are two types of links in the Translation Notes: links to a Translation Manual topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
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### Translation Manual Topics
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### Repeated Phrases in a Book
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Sometimes a phrase is used multiple times in one book. When this happens, there will be a link in the translationNotes-green chapter and verse numbers that you can click on-that will take you back to where you have translated that phrase before. There are several reasons why you will want to go to the place where the word or phrase was translated before:
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Sometimes a phrase is used multiple times in one book. When this happens, there will be a link in the Translation Notes-green chapter and verse numbers that you can click on-that will take you back to where you have translated that phrase before. There are several reasons why you will want to go to the place where the word or phrase was translated before:
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* This will make it easier for you to translate this phrase by reminding you of how you have already translated it.
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* This will make your translation faster and more consistent because you will be reminded to translate that phrase in the same way each time.
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Why should I use the links in the translationNotes?
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Why should I use the links in the Translation Notes?
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Why do some translationNotes seem to repeat a previous note?
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Why do some Translation Notes seem to repeat a previous note?
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ There are many different types of information in the Translation Notes. Understa
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* **[Probable or Possible Meanings](../resources-porp/01.md)** - Sometimes Bible scholars do not know for sure, or do not agree on, what a particular phrase or sentence in the Bible means. Some reasons for this include: there are minor differences in the ancient Bible texts, or a word may have more than one meaning or use, or it may not be clear what a word (such as a pronoun) refers to in a particular phrase. In this case, the Note will give the most probable meaning, or will list several possible meanings, with the most probable meaning first.
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* **[Links](../resources-links/01.md)** - There are two types of links in the translationNotes: links to a Translation Manual topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
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* **[Links](../resources-links/01.md)** - There are two types of links in the Translation Notes: links to a Translation Manual topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
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* **[Identify Figures of Speech](../resources-fofs/01.md)** - When there is a Figure of Speech in the ULB text, then the notes will provide an explanation of how to translate that Figure of Speech. Sometimes an Alternate Translation is provided. There will also be a link to the Translation Manual page for additional information and translation strategies to help the translator accurately translate the meaning of that type of Figure of Speech.
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What are the different types of translationNotes?
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What are the different types of Translation Notes?
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translationNotes
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Translation Notes
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sections:
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- title: "Help with Translating"
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link: translate-help
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- title: "translationNotes"
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- title: "Translation Notes"
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link: resources-types
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sections:
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- title: "Connecting Statement and General Information in the Notes"
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Translators will need to understand the meaning of each Bible passage in order to translate it accurately. The following resources have been created in order to help translators do this: **translationNotes**, **translationWords**, **translationQuestions**, and **Translation Helps pdf files**.
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Translators will need to understand the meaning of each Bible passage in order to translate it accurately. The following resources have been created in order to help translators do this: **Translation Notes**, **Translation Words**, **Translation Questions**, and **Translation Helps pdf files**.
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**translationNotes** is a collection of cultural, linguistic, and exegetical notes that help to describe and explain some of the Bible background that the translator needs to know to translate accurately. These notes also inform translators about different ways that they might express the same meaning. The translationNotes for each book of the Bible have a section about the book, a section about each chapter, and a section about each chunk or verse. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tn/.
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**Translation Notes** is a collection of cultural, linguistic, and exegetical notes that help to describe and explain some of the Bible background that the translator needs to know to translate accurately. These notes also inform translators about different ways that they might express the same meaning. The Translation Notes for each book of the Bible have a section about the book, a section about each chapter, and a section about each chunk or verse. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tn/.
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**translationWords** is a collection of key terms found in Open Bible Stories and the Bible that are important to translate correctly. Each of these words or phrases has a short article written about it as well as cross-references to other places where that term is used in either Open Bible Stories or the Bible. This is to show the translator other ways that the translationWord is used and to ensure that it has been translated correctly in those places, too. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tw.
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**Translation Words** is a collection of key terms found in Open Bible Stories and the Bible that are important to translate correctly. Each of these words or phrases has a short article written about it as well as cross-references to other places where that term is used in either Open Bible Stories or the Bible. This is to show the translator other ways that the translationWord is used and to ensure that it has been translated correctly in those places, too. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tw.
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**translationQuestions** is a collection of comprehension questions that can be used to check your translation. If you and others from the target language community can correctly answer a question using only the Target Language translation, then this indicates that the information that the question asked about was likely translated accurately. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tq.
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**Translation Questions** is a collection of comprehension questions that can be used to check your translation. If you and others from the target language community can correctly answer a question using only the Target Language translation, then this indicates that the information that the question asked about was likely translated accurately. See https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_tq.
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**Translation Helps pdf files** have all of the above resources for each book of the Bible. In addition, they have Translation Topics that are addressed in the Translation Notes and Translation Words for each book. You can download these to your computer to use off line. See the listings of Old Testament books and New Testament books under **ULB Translation Notes** on the Bible In Every Language website. https://bibleineverylanguage.org/translations/
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#### When to Translate Literally
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The only time to translate literally is when translating Gateway Language Materials, such as the ULB, that will be used by Other Language translators. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the translationNotes to explain them.
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The only time to translate literally is when translating Gateway Language Materials, such as the ULB, that will be used by Other Language translators. The purpose of the ULB is to show the translator what is in the original. Even so, the ULB is not strictly literal. It is a modified literal translation that uses the target language grammar so that readers can understand it. For the places where the ULB uses the original expressions in the Bible that may be difficult to understand, we have provided the Translation Notes to explain them.
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The source language is the language from which the translation is being made. If a translator is translating the Bible from the original languages, then the original language and the source language for his translation are the same. However, only people who have spent many years studying the original languages understand them and can use them as a source language. For that reason, most translators use Bibles that have been translated into a language of wider communication as their source language text.
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If you are translating from a language of wider communication, it is a good idea to have someone who has studied the original languages compare the meaning in the target language translation with the meaning in the original language to make sure that the meaning is the same. Another way to make sure that the meaning of the target language translation is accurate is to check the translation with translation helps that have been written by people who know the original languages. These would include Bible commentaries and dictionaries, as well as the translationNotes, translationWords definitions, and translationQuestions with their answers.
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If you are translating from a language of wider communication, it is a good idea to have someone who has studied the original languages compare the meaning in the target language translation with the meaning in the original language to make sure that the meaning is the same. Another way to make sure that the meaning of the target language translation is accurate is to check the translation with translation helps that have been written by people who know the original languages. These would include Bible commentaries and dictionaries, as well as the Translation Notes, translationWords definitions, and translationQuestions with their answers.
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### The Text in the Source Language may not be Accurate
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The only way to make sure the translation is as accurate as possible is to compare the new translation with the original languages. Where this is not possible, use the ULB as the source text, along with other Bible translations that were translated from the original languages, and use resources such as the translationNotes, TranslationQuestions and translationWords to check your work.
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The only way to make sure the translation is as accurate as possible is to compare the new translation with the original languages. Where this is not possible, use the ULB as the source text, along with other Bible translations that were translated from the original languages, and use resources such as the Translation Notes, Translation Questions and Translation Words to check your work.
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5. **Self-edit**: Read your blind draft and compare it to the source text to see if you missed anything. Use the Translation Helps to check your understanding of the form of the text, the historical setting, and the meaning of the text. Have you represented them accurately? Make any necessary changes, additions or deletions. (See [Self-Edit](../checking/self-edit/01.md))
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6. **Peer-edit**: You will do this step for a translation partner just as another translator on the team will do it for you. Repeat the same process as self-edit but with a partner's draft of a passage. (See [Peer-Edit](../checking/self-edit/01.md))
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7. **Key word check**: (A key word is a word that is significant for communicating the meaning and theology of the passage.) This check needs to be done with at least two translators. Using the translation Words as a guide, read through the passage and make sure all words in the list are accurately represented in the passage. You may also find other key words in the passage that need to be checked. If you don't understand the meaning of a key word from the list, consult the translation Notes. You may also want to research the meaning using the source text or other translations. It is important that the meaning of the key word is clearly represented. Often these words are absent from target languages. If you have no word in your language that is a fit for one of the key words, you will need to discuss together with the team ways of representing that meaning in your translation. This could include borrowed words, creating a new word, or word phrase, or recreating a word to broaden its meaning. As you do this check, it will hep to make a list of the terms you are using, so you have a reference for checking other passages. This will cut back on future workload and help to maintain consistency. (See [Key Word Check](../checking/key-word-check/01.md))
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8. **Verse-by-verse check**: This final step should be done with three people when possible--the translator and two others from his team. Each verse should be checked against the source text, using the translationNotes and translationQuestions as resources to confirm the accuracy and meaningfulness of the passage. (See [Verse-by-Verse Check](../checking/verse-by-verse/01.md))
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8. **Verse-by-verse check**: This final step should be done with three people when possible--the translator and two others from his team. Each verse should be checked against the source text, using the Translation Notes and Translation Questions as resources to confirm the accuracy and meaningfulness of the passage. (See [Verse-by-Verse Check](../checking/verse-by-verse/01.md))
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Consistently following the eight steps will help the team develop a translation that is meaning-based, natural, and accurate.
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