# the Jews

This does not mean all of the Jews. AT: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# spoke against their desire

"complained about what the Roman authorities wanted to do"

# I was forced to appeal to Caesar

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I had to ask for Caesar to judge me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# although it is not as if I were bringing any accusation against my nation

The abstract noun "accusation" can be stated as the verb "accuse." Here "nation" stands for the people. AT: "but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# what Israel is confident about

Possible meanings are 1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or 2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life.

# what Israel is

Here "Israel" stands for the people. AT: "what the people of Israel are" or "what the Jews are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# that I am bound with this chain

Here "bound with this chain" stands for being a prisoner. AT: "that I am a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])