Yahweh is speaking.

## double iniquity ##

This refers to the many sins of Ephraim (Israel); it includes their worship of idols and their turning away from Yahweh.

## Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh ##

The nation of Ephraim is compared to a trained heifer - symbolic of God's training of his people, and his kindness to them by not putting them under a heavy yoke. (see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## so I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim; ##

The yoke symbolizes God's punishment. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself. ##

Jacob and Judah make up the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

## harrow ##

a term used in connection with plowing - probably branches pulled behind an animal to smooth the land and cover seed.