diff --git a/1ch/23/14.md b/1ch/23/14.md index b30a0e0d06..1620fab318 100644 --- a/1ch/23/14.md +++ b/1ch/23/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # his descendants were counted with the tribe of Levi -The sons of Aaron were the most important Levite clan, but the sons of Moses were also considered to be Levites. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people considered Moses' sons to be part of the Levite clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The sons of Aaron were the most important Levite clan, but the sons of Moses were also considered to be Levites. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people considered Moses's sons to be part of the Levite clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/1co/01/17.md b/1co/01/17.md index c6575822f8..400643e14c 100644 --- a/1co/01/17.md +++ b/1co/01/17.md @@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ This means that baptism was not the primary goal of Paul's ministry. The phrase "in order ... would not" can be stated in positive form, and "be emptied" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "not with clever speech, because clever speech would empty the cross of its power" or "not with clever speech, because this would cause the cross of Christ to lose its power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # in order that the cross of Christ would not be emptied of its power -Paul speaks of God's power to save people who trust in Christ as if the cross on which Christ died had power. The cross being emptied of its power represents people not recognizing God's power to save them through Christ's death. If Paul were to use clever speech, people might pay more attention to his clever speech than to Christ's death. Alternate translation: "in order that people might recognize God's power to save them through Jesus' death on the cross" or "because clever speech would distract people from God's power as shown in the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of God's power to save people who trust in Christ as if the cross on which Christ died had power. The cross being emptied of its power represents people not recognizing God's power to save them through Christ's death. If Paul were to use clever speech, people might pay more attention to his clever speech than to Christ's death. Alternate translation: "in order that people might recognize God's power to save them through Jesus's death on the cross" or "because clever speech would distract people from God's power as shown in the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/1jn/02/07.md b/1jn/02/07.md index 7e99efb083..1ffa8c122c 100644 --- a/1jn/02/07.md +++ b/1jn/02/07.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ John gives believers basic principles of fellowship—obedience and love. # I am not writing a new commandment to you, but an old commandment that you have had -"I write to you to love one other, which is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you have heard." John refers to Jesus' command to love one another. +"I write to you to love one other, which is not a new thing to do but an old commandment that you have heard." John refers to Jesus's command to love one another. # from the beginning diff --git a/1jn/02/intro.md b/1jn/02/intro.md index 3d3d14acd5..4560065e39 100644 --- a/1jn/02/intro.md +++ b/1jn/02/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Antichrist -In this chapter John writes about both a specific antichrist and many antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate Jesus' work, but he will do it for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many people who work against Christ; they too are called "antichrists." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +In this chapter John writes about both a specific antichrist and many antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate Jesus's work, but he will do it for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many people who work against Christ; they too are called "antichrists." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter diff --git a/1jn/04/10.md b/1jn/04/10.md index 9aacdf5255..a1b92a98ff 100644 --- a/1jn/04/10.md +++ b/1jn/04/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # he sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins -Here "propitiation" refers to Jesus' death on the cross appeasing God's wrath against sin. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "he sent his Son to be the sacrifice that appeased his wrath against our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "propitiation" refers to Jesus's death on the cross appeasing God's wrath against sin. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "he sent his Son to be the sacrifice that appeased his wrath against our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/1jn/05/06.md b/1jn/05/06.md index 16e6c62775..5042e05dd0 100644 --- a/1jn/05/06.md +++ b/1jn/05/06.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ John teaches about Jesus Christ and what God said about him. # This is the one who came by water and blood: Jesus Christ -"Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood." Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood." Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus's death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus's baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # He came not only by water, but also by water and blood -Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus's death on the cross. Alternate translation: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/1jn/front/intro.md b/1jn/front/intro.md index fde4db2419..f4f8d59fa2 100644 --- a/1jn/front/intro.md +++ b/1jn/front/intro.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ The people John spoke against were possibly those who would become known as Gnos #### What do the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" mean in 1 John? -John often used the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. +John often used the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus's word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, John intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with God when he said, "He who says he remains in God" (1 John 2:6). The UDB says, "If we say that we are in union with God," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate these ideas well. diff --git a/1pe/01/02.md b/1pe/01/02.md index ad20bc8e72..a28b2a57ff 100644 --- a/1pe/01/02.md +++ b/1pe/01/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The abstract noun "foreknowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Possib # for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ -Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # May grace be to you, and may your peace increase diff --git a/1pe/02/21.md b/1pe/02/21.md index 3cdc38c0e6..89529e3aff 100644 --- a/1pe/02/21.md +++ b/1pe/02/21.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here the word "this" refers to believers enduring while suffering for doing good # for you to follow in his steps -"so that you would follow his footprints." Peter speaks of following Jesus' example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. Alternate translation: "so that you would imitate his behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"so that you would follow his footprints." Peter speaks of following Jesus's example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. Alternate translation: "so that you would imitate his behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/1th/05/01.md b/1th/05/01.md index 28792fefe9..2a40dff773 100644 --- a/1th/05/01.md +++ b/1th/05/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Paul continues talking about the day Jesus will come back. # the times and seasons -This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus' return. +This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus's return. # brothers diff --git a/1th/front/intro.md b/1th/front/intro.md index 1b35974aa1..e21db86c52 100644 --- a/1th/front/intro.md +++ b/1th/front/intro.md @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "1 Thessaloni #### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? -Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus' eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation, and there will be peace everywhere. +Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus's eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation, and there will be peace everywhere. #### What happens to those who die before the return of Christ? diff --git a/2co/03/13.md b/2co/03/13.md index bdaa0e239d..334577ce3d 100644 --- a/2co/03/13.md +++ b/2co/03/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the ending of a glory that was passing away -The refers to the glory that shined on Moses' face. Alternate translation: "the glory on Moses' face as it faded away completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The refers to the glory that shined on Moses's face. Alternate translation: "the glory on Moses's face as it faded away completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/2co/03/14.md b/2co/03/14.md index 311c60675a..be13e9a351 100644 --- a/2co/03/14.md +++ b/2co/03/14.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ to the time at which Paul was writing to the Corinthians # when they read the old covenant, that same veil remains -Just as the Israelites could not see the glory on Moses' face because he covered his face with a veil, there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Just as the Israelites could not see the glory on Moses's face because he covered his face with a veil, there is a spiritual veil that prevents people from understanding when they read the old covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # when they read the old covenant diff --git a/2co/03/18.md b/2co/03/18.md index 57596e06ad..b8ad15e5ac 100644 --- a/2co/03/18.md +++ b/2co/03/18.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here the word "us" refers to all believers, including Paul and the Corinthians. # with unveiled faces, see the glory of the Lord -Unlike the Israelites who could not see God's glory reflected on Moses' face because he had covered it with a veil, there is nothing to prevent believers from seeing and understanding God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Unlike the Israelites who could not see God's glory reflected on Moses's face because he had covered it with a veil, there is nothing to prevent believers from seeing and understanding God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # We are being transformed into the same glorious likeness diff --git a/2co/04/04.md b/2co/04/04.md index 70edfae664..c38a44851d 100644 --- a/2co/04/04.md +++ b/2co/04/04.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Paul speaks of their minds as if they had eyes, and their inability to understan # they are not able to see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ -As the Israelites could not see God's glory that shined on Moses' face because he covered it with a veil ([2 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md)), unbelievers are not able to see Christ's glory that shines in the gospel. This means that they are unable to understand "the gospel of the glory of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +As the Israelites could not see God's glory that shined on Moses's face because he covered it with a veil ([2 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md)), unbelievers are not able to see Christ's glory that shines in the gospel. This means that they are unable to understand "the gospel of the glory of Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # the light of the gospel diff --git a/2co/04/05.md b/2co/04/05.md index a2f59ab768..09f63e1ed1 100644 --- a/2co/04/05.md +++ b/2co/04/05.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ You can supply the verb for these phrases. Alternate translation: "but we proclaim Christ Jesus as Lord, and we proclaim ourselves as your servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -# for Jesus' sake +# for Jesus's sake "because of Jesus" diff --git a/2co/04/06.md b/2co/04/06.md index bd71b1be89..60ba750bf6 100644 --- a/2co/04/06.md +++ b/2co/04/06.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: " # the glory of God in the presence of Jesus Christ -"the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ." Just as God's glory shone upon Moses' face ([2 Corinthians 3:7](../03/07.md)), it also shines upon Jesus' face. This means that when Paul preaches the gospel, people are able to see and understand the message about God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ." Just as God's glory shone upon Moses's face ([2 Corinthians 3:7](../03/07.md)), it also shines upon Jesus's face. This means that when Paul preaches the gospel, people are able to see and understand the message about God's glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/2co/04/11.md b/2co/04/11.md index 9f797d27e5..136a88e1fe 100644 --- a/2co/04/11.md +++ b/2co/04/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# we who are alive are always being given over to death for Jesus' sake +# we who are alive are always being given over to death for Jesus's sake Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. Alternate translation: "God is always leading those of us who are alive to face death because we are joined to Jesus" or "People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/2co/07/intro.md b/2co/07/intro.md index 809d8a5070..069825950b 100644 --- a/2co/07/intro.md +++ b/2co/07/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -In verses 2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then writes about Titus' return and the comfort it brought. +In verses 2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then writes about Titus's return and the comfort it brought. #### Special concepts in this chapter diff --git a/2co/08/16.md b/2co/08/16.md index 1556f7f76a..fd22bdc8fb 100644 --- a/2co/08/16.md +++ b/2co/08/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# who put into Titus' heart the same earnest care that I have for you +# who put into Titus's heart the same earnest care that I have for you Here the word "heart" refers to the emotions. This means that God caused Titus to love them. Alternate translation: "who made Titus care for you as much as I do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/2th/front/intro.md b/2th/front/intro.md index 40da06f006..645c8652cb 100644 --- a/2th/front/intro.md +++ b/2th/front/intro.md @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "2 Thessaloni #### What is the "second coming" of Jesus? -Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus' eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation. And he will cause there to be peace everywhere. Paul also explained that a "man of lawlessness" will come before Christ's return. This person will obey Satan and cause many people to oppose God. But Jesus will destroy this person when he returns. +Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus's eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation. And he will cause there to be peace everywhere. Paul also explained that a "man of lawlessness" will come before Christ's return. This person will obey Satan and cause many people to oppose God. But Jesus will destroy this person when he returns. ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues diff --git a/act/01/02.md b/act/01/02.md index eef2fa4ab6..0acb2325f3 100644 --- a/act/01/02.md +++ b/act/01/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # until the day that he was taken up -This refers to Jesus' ascension into heaven. Alternate translation: "until the day on which God took him up to heaven" or "until the day that he ascended into heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This refers to Jesus's ascension into heaven. Alternate translation: "until the day on which God took him up to heaven" or "until the day that he ascended into heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # he had given commands through the Holy Spirit diff --git a/act/01/03.md b/act/01/03.md index 7d754462b7..edc919c9d0 100644 --- a/act/01/03.md +++ b/act/01/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # After his suffering -This refers to Jesus' suffering and death on the cross. +This refers to Jesus's suffering and death on the cross. # he presented himself alive to them diff --git a/act/01/25.md b/act/01/25.md index 23877e4eb3..47c2118fc0 100644 --- a/act/01/25.md +++ b/act/01/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # to take the place in this ministry and apostleship -Here the word "apostleship" defines what kind of "ministry" this is. Alternate translation: "to take Judas' place in this apostolic ministry" or "to take Judas' place in serving as an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +Here the word "apostleship" defines what kind of "ministry" this is. Alternate translation: "to take Judas's place in this apostolic ministry" or "to take Judas's place in serving as an apostle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) # from which Judas turned away @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here the expression "turned away" means that Judas stopped performing this minis # to go to his own place -This phrase refers to Judas' death and likely to his judgment after death. Alternate translation: "to go where he belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This phrase refers to Judas's death and likely to his judgment after death. Alternate translation: "to go where he belongs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/act/02/25.md b/act/02/25.md index c00f17c3ce..33294eb716 100644 --- a/act/02/25.md +++ b/act/02/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here Peter quotes a passage that David wrote in a Psalm which relates to Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "I" and "my" refer to Jesus and the words "Lord" and "he" refer to God. +Here Peter quotes a passage that David wrote in a Psalm which relates to Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection. Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words "I" and "my" refer to Jesus and the words "Lord" and "he" refer to God. # For David says about him, 'I saw diff --git a/act/03/16.md b/act/03/16.md index acb1fb9443..37214dc452 100644 --- a/act/03/16.md +++ b/act/03/16.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Possible meanings are 1) this is the reason the man was made strong. Alternate t # On the basis of faith in his name -The word "his" refers to the Founder of life, Jesus. The abstract noun "faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." Possible meanings are 1) the lame man had faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because he believed in Jesus name" or 2) Peter and John, and perhaps the lame man, had faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because we believed in Jesus' name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The word "his" refers to the Founder of life, Jesus. The abstract noun "faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." Possible meanings are 1) the lame man had faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because he believed in Jesus name" or 2) Peter and John, and perhaps the lame man, had faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because we believed in Jesus's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) # his name -The phrase "his name" is a metonym either for Jesus or for Jesus' power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "his name" is a metonym either for Jesus or for Jesus's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # made this man ... strong diff --git a/act/03/intro.md b/act/03/intro.md index 99674f0bec..af4820c728 100644 --- a/act/03/intro.md +++ b/act/03/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This chapter explains that Jesus came to the Jews because God was fulfilling par ##### "You delivered up" -The Romans were the ones who killed Jesus, but they killed him because the Jews captured him, brought him to the Romans, and told the Romans to kill him. For this reason Peter thought that they were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus. But he tells them that they are also the first ones to whom God has sent Jesus' followers to invite them to repent ([Acts 3:26](../../act/03/26.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +The Romans were the ones who killed Jesus, but they killed him because the Jews captured him, brought him to the Romans, and told the Romans to kill him. For this reason Peter thought that they were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus. But he tells them that they are also the first ones to whom God has sent Jesus's followers to invite them to repent ([Acts 3:26](../../act/03/26.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: diff --git a/act/04/02.md b/act/04/02.md index fb93dc0d10..ff541c37ed 100644 --- a/act/04/02.md +++ b/act/04/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead -Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows "the resurrection" to refer to both Jesus' resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. +Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows "the resurrection" to refer to both Jesus's resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. # from the dead diff --git a/act/07/01.md b/act/07/01.md index 0e886e62cd..99c9b2cd1a 100644 --- a/act/07/01.md +++ b/act/07/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. Most of this history comes from Moses' writings. +The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel's history. Most of this history comes from Moses's writings. diff --git a/act/11/19.md b/act/11/19.md index 8557769ab2..7f144b6d54 100644 --- a/act/11/19.md +++ b/act/11/19.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This introduces the new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writ # those who had been scattered by the persecution that arose over Stephen spread -The Jews began persecuting Jesus' followers because Stephen had said and done things that the Jews did not like. Because of this persecution, many of Jesus' followers left Jerusalem and went to many different places. +The Jews began persecuting Jesus's followers because Stephen had said and done things that the Jews did not like. Because of this persecution, many of Jesus's followers left Jerusalem and went to many different places. # spread diff --git a/act/12/01.md b/act/12/01.md index 390cd01006..0d08753de1 100644 --- a/act/12/01.md +++ b/act/12/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is background information about Herod's killing James. (See: [[rc://en/ta/m # Connecting Statement: -This begins the new persecution, first of James' death and then of Peter's imprisonment and then release. +This begins the new persecution, first of James's death and then of Peter's imprisonment and then release. # Now diff --git a/act/15/20.md b/act/15/20.md index 983970b234..3d9e0490fb 100644 --- a/act/15/20.md +++ b/act/15/20.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This possibly refers to eating the meat of an animal that someone has sacrificed # from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood -God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses' writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses's writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/18/25.md b/act/18/25.md index b0f2a06362..3031c9bcac 100644 --- a/act/18/25.md +++ b/act/18/25.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here "spirit" refers to the entire person of Apollos. Alternate translation: "Be # the baptism of John -"the baptism that John performed." John's baptism was with water, but Jesus' baptism is with the Holy Spirit. +"the baptism that John performed." John's baptism was with water, but Jesus's baptism is with the Holy Spirit. diff --git a/act/19/05.md b/act/19/05.md index 0dd363e0bc..35ee9246cf 100644 --- a/act/19/05.md +++ b/act/19/05.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they received baptism # in the name of the Lord Jesus -Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. Alternate translation: "as believers in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to Jesus's power and authority. Alternate translation: "as believers in the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/act/19/13.md b/act/19/13.md index d2fc621675..dcacc86a91 100644 --- a/act/19/13.md +++ b/act/19/13.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ people who send evil spirits away from people or places # the name of the Lord Jesus -Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to Jesus's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # By the Jesus whom Paul proclaims diff --git a/act/19/intro.md b/act/19/intro.md index 435fcc686f..69d8d4e885 100644 --- a/act/19/intro.md +++ b/act/19/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Baptism -John baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins. Jesus' followers baptized people who wanted to follow Jesus. +John baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins. Jesus's followers baptized people who wanted to follow Jesus. ##### Temple of Diana diff --git a/act/26/09.md b/act/26/09.md index 693feca2a5..3d8d096a29 100644 --- a/act/26/09.md +++ b/act/26/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Now indeed -Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now beginning to describe how he formerly persecuted Jesus' people. +Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now beginning to describe how he formerly persecuted Jesus's people. # against the name of Jesus diff --git a/col/01/18.md b/col/01/18.md index 890fe3c621..63bcf51fce 100644 --- a/col/01/18.md +++ b/col/01/18.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # He is the head of the body, the church -Paul speaks of Jesus' position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks of Jesus's position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # the beginning diff --git a/deu/02/09.md b/deu/02/09.md index 04644b0c93..8362cf229e 100644 --- a/deu/02/09.md +++ b/deu/02/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the end of a part of Moses' speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This is the end of a part of Moses's speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Do not trouble Moab diff --git a/deu/02/10.md b/deu/02/10.md index ff3df29e1e..c84936a4f4 100644 --- a/deu/02/10.md +++ b/deu/02/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses' speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses's speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # The Emites lived diff --git a/deu/02/28.md b/deu/02/28.md index ce9baa06db..4e71de24a0 100644 --- a/deu/02/28.md +++ b/deu/02/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This continues Moses' message to King Sihon. +This continues Moses's message to King Sihon. # You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink diff --git a/deu/04/intro.md b/deu/04/intro.md index c14e328b42..ee75af13b8 100644 --- a/deu/04/intro.md +++ b/deu/04/intro.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ##### Law of Moses In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -##### Moses' instructions +##### Moses's instructions Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter diff --git a/deu/11/18.md b/deu/11/18.md index 6e9a0ca8fc..902bc7155d 100644 --- a/deu/11/18.md +++ b/deu/11/18.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Here "heart" and "soul" represent a person's mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/t # let them be as frontlets between your eyes -"let my words be as as frontlets between your eyes." This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses' words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses' commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"let my words be as as frontlets between your eyes." This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses's words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses's commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # frontlets diff --git a/deu/32/43.md b/deu/32/43.md index c413d62047..e2140d82f3 100644 --- a/deu/32/43.md +++ b/deu/32/43.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the end of Moses' song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is the end of Moses's song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) # Rejoice, you nations diff --git a/deu/32/50.md b/deu/32/50.md index 277394feb2..05be8121a3 100644 --- a/deu/32/50.md +++ b/deu/32/50.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses. # be gathered to your people -This is a polite way of saying Moses' spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying Moses's spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: "join your ancestors who died before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # Mount Hor diff --git a/deu/33/06.md b/deu/33/06.md index a681298842..7c6ca9f6ea 100644 --- a/deu/33/06.md +++ b/deu/33/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Let Reuben live -This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. +This begins Moses's blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. # but may his men be few diff --git a/deu/33/intro.md b/deu/33/intro.md index de10a18324..d3266a4522 100644 --- a/deu/33/intro.md +++ b/deu/33/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic lines of Moses' blessings in 33:1-29. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic lines of Moses's blessings in 33:1-29. #### Special concepts in this chapter diff --git a/deu/34/intro.md b/deu/34/intro.md index dd35ed06e4..36d85c405a 100644 --- a/deu/34/intro.md +++ b/deu/34/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) +This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses's death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) ## Links: diff --git a/eph/02/15.md b/eph/02/15.md index 464123493f..95aea41f39 100644 --- a/eph/02/15.md +++ b/eph/02/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # he abolished the law of commandments and regulations -Jesus' blood satisfied the law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in God. +Jesus's blood satisfied the law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in God. # one new man diff --git a/eph/04/21.md b/eph/04/21.md index 64e1148c7c..f096676d9c 100644 --- a/eph/04/21.md +++ b/eph/04/21.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man # you were taught in him -Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus' people have taught you" or 2) "someone has taught you because you are Jesus' people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "Jesus's people have taught you" or 2) "someone has taught you because you are Jesus's people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # as the truth is in Jesus diff --git a/exo/02/intro.md b/exo/02/intro.md index fe8beeff8e..90b645a977 100644 --- a/exo/02/intro.md +++ b/exo/02/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### Moses' heritage +##### Moses's heritage In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh's daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/exo/03/14.md b/exo/03/14.md index 6448f06b1e..502cfdfe9d 100644 --- a/exo/03/14.md +++ b/exo/03/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # God said to Moses, "I AM THAT I AM." -This is God's response to Moses' question about God's name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "God said to Moses, 'Tell them that God says his name is, "I AM THAT I AM."'" +This is God's response to Moses's question about God's name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "God said to Moses, 'Tell them that God says his name is, "I AM THAT I AM."'" # I AM THAT I AM diff --git a/exo/04/06.md b/exo/04/06.md index f59862a2fd..9d02aa48a1 100644 --- a/exo/04/06.md +++ b/exo/04/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta # as white as snow -The word "as" here is used to compare what Moses' hand looked like. Leprosy causes the skin to look white. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. Alternate translation: "as white as wool or as white as the sand on the beach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The word "as" here is used to compare what Moses's hand looked like. Leprosy causes the skin to look white. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. Alternate translation: "as white as wool or as white as the sand on the beach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/exo/04/10.md b/exo/04/10.md index c0ad8e649d..ef1c4ca2c2 100644 --- a/exo/04/10.md +++ b/exo/04/10.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The phrases "slow of speech" and "slow of tongue" mean basically the same thing. # slow of tongue -Here "tongue" refers to Moses' ability to speak. Alternate translation: "unable to speak well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tongue" refers to Moses's ability to speak. Alternate translation: "unable to speak well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/exo/04/12.md b/exo/04/12.md index ea3ba5b9f8..4acff4858a 100644 --- a/exo/04/12.md +++ b/exo/04/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will be with your mouth -Here "mouth" refers to Moses' ability to speak. Alternate translation: "I will give you the ability to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "mouth" refers to Moses's ability to speak. Alternate translation: "I will give you the ability to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/exo/04/18.md b/exo/04/18.md index 3cc8f5c844..ee47554e48 100644 --- a/exo/04/18.md +++ b/exo/04/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # father-in-law -This refers to the father of Moses' wife. +This refers to the father of Moses's wife. diff --git a/exo/17/12.md b/exo/17/12.md index 325e33ed93..a45696fcca 100644 --- a/exo/17/12.md +++ b/exo/17/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # hands became heavy -The author writes of Moses' arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: "arms became tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The author writes of Moses's arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: "arms became tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/exo/18/01.md b/exo/18/01.md index f5cf431270..2c2d2b8b6c 100644 --- a/exo/18/01.md +++ b/exo/18/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Moses' father-in-law +# Moses's father-in-law This refers to the father of the wife of Moses. diff --git a/exo/18/02.md b/exo/18/02.md index 4a8f3f69f4..25d291fdb2 100644 --- a/exo/18/02.md +++ b/exo/18/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# took Zipporah, Moses' wife +# took Zipporah, Moses's wife Possible meanings are 1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or 2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah. diff --git a/exo/24/intro.md b/exo/24/intro.md index 835b5ab9a9..871f7cd695 100644 --- a/exo/24/intro.md +++ b/exo/24/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### Moses' covenant +##### Moses's covenant The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ##### God's holiness diff --git a/exo/32/03.md b/exo/32/03.md index 59def10a4f..a1c0446057 100644 --- a/exo/32/03.md +++ b/exo/32/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # All the people -This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses' God as their God. +This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses's God as their God. diff --git a/exo/32/22.md b/exo/32/22.md index d9c35de371..cf2ffd9ade 100644 --- a/exo/32/22.md +++ b/exo/32/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Do not let your anger burn hot -Aaron spoke of Moses' anger as if it were a fire that could burn. "Do not be so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Aaron spoke of Moses's anger as if it were a fire that could burn. "Do not be so angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # they are set on doing evil diff --git a/exo/40/24.md b/exo/40/24.md index 3f7d21e039..caf25ba7d4 100644 --- a/exo/40/24.md +++ b/exo/40/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting -Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: "Moses' workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: "Moses's workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/exo/front/intro.md b/exo/front/intro.md index f442c6f9ac..12a261b28a 100644 --- a/exo/front/intro.md +++ b/exo/front/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ 1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12) - First genealogy (1:1–6) - Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22) - - Moses' history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26) + - Moses's history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26) - Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13) - Second genealogy (6:14–27) - Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25) diff --git a/ezk/16/53.md b/ezk/16/53.md index 06e1ed1213..cc75ddb4db 100644 --- a/ezk/16/53.md +++ b/ezk/16/53.md @@ -2,3 +2,10 @@ Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +# I will reverse their captivity—the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters—and your captivity will be among them + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and here it is probably a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. See how you translated "will reverse the captivity" in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). Alternate translation: "I will free them from their captivity—the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters—and I will free you from your captivity also" or "For I will cause them to live well again—Sodom and her daughters, and Samaria and her daughters—and I will cause you to live well also" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Sodom and her daughters ... Samaria and her daughters + +The writer writes as if the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Samaria were the cities themselves and as if the smaller villages and towns around those cities were the cities' daughters. Alternate translation: "the people living in Sodom and the villages around it ... the people living in Samaria and the villages around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/14.md b/ezk/29/14.md index 6d5487be2e..54922e36b9 100644 --- a/ezk/29/14.md +++ b/ezk/29/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will restore the fortunes of Egypt +# I will reverse the captivity of Egypt -The phrase "fortunes of Egypt" is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. Alternate translation: "I will bring back the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. The word "Egypt" here is a metonym for the people of Egypt. Translate "will reverse the captivity" as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). Alternate translation: "free the Egyptians from their captivity" or "free the people of Egyptians from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # the region of Pathros diff --git a/ezk/39/25.md b/ezk/39/25.md index 90c69f64e8..7402b7dd7e 100644 --- a/ezk/39/25.md +++ b/ezk/39/25.md @@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. -# will restore the fortunes of Jacob +# will reverse the captivity of Jacob -Translate "will restore the fortunes" as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "will bring Jacob back from captivity." +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. See how similar words are translated in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). Alternate translation: or "free Jacob from those who had captured him" or "cause Jacob to live well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + +# Jacob + +"the descendants of Jacob" # the house of Israel diff --git a/ezr/01/01.md b/ezr/01/01.md index 99cc526124..88d41aac38 100644 --- a/ezr/01/01.md +++ b/ezr/01/01.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See Here Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. Alternate translation: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# Cyrus' voice went out over his entire kingdom +# Cyrus's voice went out over his entire kingdom The voice is a metonym for the message the voice speaks, and the kingdom is a metonym for the people whom a king rules. Alternate translation: "Cyrus sent a message to everyone over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/heb/03/05.md b/heb/03/05.md index b279197fc4..6f5318bad5 100644 --- a/heb/03/05.md +++ b/heb/03/05.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a l # house, bearing witness about the things -This phrase probably refers to all of Moses' work. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "house. Moses' life and work pointed to the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This phrase probably refers to all of Moses's work. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "house. Moses's life and work pointed to the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # were to be spoken of in the future diff --git a/heb/04/04.md b/heb/04/04.md index 09d53384eb..b7fe16a87a 100644 --- a/heb/04/04.md +++ b/heb/04/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The quotation, "God rested on ... works," is from Moses' writings. +The quotation, "God rested on ... works," is from Moses's writings. # the seventh day diff --git a/heb/10/intro.md b/heb/10/intro.md index d8d671c7c9..c71bdf285d 100644 --- a/heb/10/intro.md +++ b/heb/10/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -In this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus' sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +In this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus's sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the Old Testament. diff --git a/heb/11/23.md b/heb/11/23.md index 7987c3ae50..b7d2acef58 100644 --- a/heb/11/23.md +++ b/heb/11/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses' parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses's parents hid him for three months after he was born" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/heb/12/18.md b/heb/12/18.md index 53ff938f83..15fd36d70f 100644 --- a/heb/12/18.md +++ b/heb/12/18.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "you" and refers to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. (See: [[ # Connecting Statement: -The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses' time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai. +The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses's time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai. # For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched diff --git a/heb/12/24.md b/heb/12/24.md index 6f516be8e8..40d20bfde9 100644 --- a/heb/12/24.md +++ b/heb/12/24.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people ca # blood -Here "blood" stands for Jesus' death, as Abel's blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "blood" stands for Jesus's death, as Abel's blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/heb/13/12.md b/heb/13/12.md index b1c8481125..5d8bfd0cfb 100644 --- a/heb/13/12.md +++ b/heb/13/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -There is a comparison here between Jesus' sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament. +There is a comparison here between Jesus's sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament. # So diff --git a/heb/front/intro.md b/heb/front/intro.md index 6f89123190..9965e257ec 100644 --- a/heb/front/intro.md +++ b/heb/front/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ 1. Jesus is superior to God's prophets and angels (1:1-4:13) 1. Jesus is superior to the priests who serve in the temple in Jerusalem (4:14-7:28) -1. Jesus' ministry is superior to the old covenant that God made with his people (8:1-10:39) +1. Jesus's ministry is superior to the old covenant that God made with his people (8:1-10:39) 1. What faith is like (11:1-40) 1. Encouragement to be faithful to God (12:1-29) 1. Concluding encouragements and greetings (13:1-25) @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ No one knows who wrote Hebrews. Scholars have suggested several different people #### What is the Book of Hebrews about? -In the Book of Hebrews, the author shows that Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. The author did this in order to encourage the Jewish Christians and to explain that Jesus is better than anything that the old covenant had to offer. Jesus is the perfect High Priest. Jesus was also the perfect sacrifice. Animal sacrifices became useless because Jesus' sacrifice was once and for all time. Therefore, Jesus is the one and only way for people to be accepted by God. +In the Book of Hebrews, the author shows that Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. The author did this in order to encourage the Jewish Christians and to explain that Jesus is better than anything that the old covenant had to offer. Jesus is the perfect High Priest. Jesus was also the perfect sacrifice. Animal sacrifices became useless because Jesus's sacrifice was once and for all time. Therefore, Jesus is the one and only way for people to be accepted by God. #### How should the title of this book be translated? diff --git a/jas/04/07.md b/jas/04/07.md index 1cddf5f9e9..da324ad52c 100644 --- a/jas/04/07.md +++ b/jas/04/07.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ # you -Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James's audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/jas/04/15.md b/jas/04/15.md index 76370f26a7..d31ef1575c 100644 --- a/jas/04/15.md +++ b/jas/04/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # we will live and do this or that -"we will live long enough to do what we have planned to do." The word "we" does not directly refer to James or his audience but is part of the example of how James' audience should consider the future. +"we will live long enough to do what we have planned to do." The word "we" does not directly refer to James or his audience but is part of the example of how James's audience should consider the future. diff --git a/jdg/01/16.md b/jdg/01/16.md index 5b705aac9c..9801938634 100644 --- a/jdg/01/16.md +++ b/jdg/01/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# of Moses' father-in-law +# of Moses's father-in-law -"of the father of Moses' wife" +"of the father of Moses's wife" # father-in-law the Kenite went up diff --git a/jdg/04/11.md b/jdg/04/11.md index 545ea9bd08..c390ee3035 100644 --- a/jdg/04/11.md +++ b/jdg/04/11.md @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md) -# Moses' father-in-law +# Moses's father-in-law -"the father of Moses' wife" +"the father of Moses's wife" # Zaanannim diff --git a/jer/29/14.md b/jer/29/14.md index f6892946ca..aeb81189c8 100644 --- a/jer/29/14.md +++ b/jer/29/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# I will bring back your fortunes +# reverse your captivity -"I will cause things to go well for you again" or "I will cause you to live well again" +"free you from your captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: "free you from those who had captured you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) # I caused you to be exiled diff --git a/jer/30/03.md b/jer/30/03.md index cc6bb8671d..e5dcf5854b 100644 --- a/jer/30/03.md +++ b/jer/30/03.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ "For listen carefully." This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next. -# days are coming ... when I will restore the fortunes +# days are coming ... when I will reverse the captivity -Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: "in the future ... I will restore the fortunes" or "there will be a time ... when I will restore the fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: "in the future ... I will reverse the captivity" or "there will be a time ... when I will reverse the captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -# I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah +# restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah -"I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again" or "I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again." See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). +"free my people, Israel and Judah, from their captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: "free my people, Israel and Judah, from those who had captured them" See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/jer/32/44.md b/jer/32/44.md index a8b74c0a6d..26e2145208 100644 --- a/jer/32/44.md +++ b/jer/32/44.md @@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ The "sealed scrolls" are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase. +# reverse their captivity + +"free them from their captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "free them from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) + + # this is Yahweh's declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) diff --git a/jer/33/07.md b/jer/33/07.md index 4d8135de2e..1868266c8c 100644 --- a/jer/33/07.md +++ b/jer/33/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel +# I will reverse the captivity of Judah and Israel -"I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again" or "I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again." See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). +"free Israel and Judah from their captivity." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "free Israel and Judah from those who had captured them"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/jer/33/11.md b/jer/33/11.md index 1a8befc136..d2116d27e4 100644 --- a/jer/33/11.md +++ b/jer/33/11.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ the temple in Jerusalem -# I will restore the fortunes of the land +# I will reverse the captivity of the land -The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: "I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land" or "I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "land" is a metonym for the people who live on the land. The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "I will free the people of this land from those who had captured them" or "I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # to what they were before diff --git a/jer/33/26.md b/jer/33/26.md index 42b8254182..58a71711a6 100644 --- a/jer/33/26.md +++ b/jer/33/26.md @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ # then I will reject the descendants ... and not bring This completes the sentence that began in verse 25 with the condition that is contrary to fact, "If I have not established ... and if I have not fixed ... earth." God said this to assure his people that he will not reject them and he will bring someone to rule over them. Alternate translation: "Just as I have established the covenant ... so I will never reject the descendants ... and I will bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -# I will restore their fortunes -"I will cause things to go well for them again" or "I will cause them to live well again" See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). +# I will reverse their captivity + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "free them from their captivity" or "free them from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) # show mercy to -Translate as "have compassion on" is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)). +See how the words "have compassion on" are translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)). diff --git a/jer/49/06.md b/jer/49/06.md index 9263d29bc0..47f0b03169 100644 --- a/jer/49/06.md +++ b/jer/49/06.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: +# reverse the captivity of the people of Ammon + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and here it is probably a metaphor for Yahweh making the Ammonites prosper in a general sense. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "free the people of Ammon from their captivity" or "cause the people of Ammon to live well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -This page has intentionally been left blank. diff --git a/jer/49/39.md b/jer/49/39.md index d2d8d29e45..70a33ac185 100644 --- a/jer/49/39.md +++ b/jer/49/39.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ "in the future" +# reverse the captivity of Elam + +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and here it is probably a metaphor for Yahweh making Elam prosper in a general sense. The word "Elam" is a metonym for the Elamites, the people of Elam. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). Alternate translation: "free the people of Elam from their captivity" or "cause the Elamites to live well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + diff --git a/jhn/01/12.md b/jhn/01/12.md index e55b7a33aa..991cb00d05 100644 --- a/jhn/01/12.md +++ b/jhn/01/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # believed in his name -The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: "believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus's identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: "believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # he gave the right diff --git a/jhn/01/15.md b/jhn/01/15.md index 0488c0a553..f88fe9517f 100644 --- a/jhn/01/15.md +++ b/jhn/01/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # He who comes after me -John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later. +John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus's ministry will start later. # is greater than I am diff --git a/jhn/01/27.md b/jhn/01/27.md index a46cd18879..2361c9a9d8 100644 --- a/jhn/01/27.md +++ b/jhn/01/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # who comes after me -John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later. +John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus's ministry will start later. # me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie diff --git a/jhn/02/12.md b/jhn/02/12.md index 6b3aa7b947..c296ed8c66 100644 --- a/jhn/02/12.md +++ b/jhn/02/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This indicates that they went from a higher place to a lower place. Capernaum is # his brothers -The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was. +The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus's brothers and sisters were younger than he was. diff --git a/jhn/02/17.md b/jhn/02/17.md index d653f5a691..22c975acd6 100644 --- a/jhn/02/17.md +++ b/jhn/02/17.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This term refers to the temple, God's house. # consume -The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus' love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus's love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/02/18.md b/jhn/02/18.md index 2cd2630e92..3de9526722 100644 --- a/jhn/02/18.md +++ b/jhn/02/18.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This refers to an event that proves something is true. # these things -This refers to Jesus' actions against the money changers in the temple. +This refers to Jesus's actions against the money changers in the temple. diff --git a/jhn/02/20.md b/jhn/02/20.md index 0c45685270..3dcb222184 100644 --- a/jhn/02/20.md +++ b/jhn/02/20.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # you will raise it up in three days? -The Jewish authorities misunderstood Jesus' words and thought that Jesus wanted to tear down the literal temple and build it again in three days. "Raise" is an idiom for "rebuild." Alternate translation: "you will rebuild it in three days?" or "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The Jewish authorities misunderstood Jesus's words and thought that Jesus wanted to tear down the literal temple and build it again in three days. "Raise" is an idiom for "rebuild." Alternate translation: "you will rebuild it in three days?" or "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/jhn/02/22.md b/jhn/02/22.md index d3878c8d94..b24a94de70 100644 --- a/jhn/02/22.md +++ b/jhn/02/22.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here "believe" means to accept something or trust that it is true. # this statement -This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:19](../02/19.md). +This refers back to Jesus's statement in [John 2:19](../02/19.md). diff --git a/jhn/04/01.md b/jhn/04/01.md index ac53b6a462..115b92a42b 100644 --- a/jhn/04/01.md +++ b/jhn/04/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -John 4:1-6 gives the background to the next event, Jesus' conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +John 4:1-6 gives the background to the next event, Jesus's conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/jhn/06/16.md b/jhn/06/16.md index 7158001487..f39c86e710 100644 --- a/jhn/06/16.md +++ b/jhn/06/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This is the next event in the story. Jesus' disciples go out onto the lake in a boat. +This is the next event in the story. Jesus's disciples go out onto the lake in a boat. diff --git a/jhn/06/63.md b/jhn/06/63.md index b384dc909b..b846ee3c84 100644 --- a/jhn/06/63.md +++ b/jhn/06/63.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The word "profit" means to cause good things to happen. # words -Possible meanings are 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus's words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # The words that I have spoken to you diff --git a/jhn/06/intro.md b/jhn/06/intro.md index b193e1fdb1..01d8b1a629 100644 --- a/jhn/06/intro.md +++ b/jhn/06/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. ##### Bread -Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus' day, and so the word "bread" was their general word for "food." It is often difficult to translate the word "bread" into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus' culture. Jesus used the word "bread" to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus's day, and so the word "bread" was their general word for "food." It is often difficult to translate the word "bread" into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus's culture. Jesus used the word "bread" to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ##### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood diff --git a/jhn/07/05.md b/jhn/07/05.md index 41ea9bca2c..740af2a681 100644 --- a/jhn/07/05.md +++ b/jhn/07/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some backgrou # his brothers -All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]]) +All of Jesus's brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]]) diff --git a/jhn/07/10.md b/jhn/07/10.md index 6ea1d78128..1cfc28876a 100644 --- a/jhn/07/10.md +++ b/jhn/07/10.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The setting of the story has changed. Jesus and his brothers are now at the fest # when his brothers -All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "when his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]]) +All of Jesus's brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "when his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]]) # he also went up diff --git a/jhn/07/intro.md b/jhn/07/intro.md index e8ea10fed2..d2c31cf609 100644 --- a/jhn/07/intro.md +++ b/jhn/07/intro.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear dire #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ##### "Did not believe in him" -Jesus' brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +Jesus's brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ##### "The Jews" This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](../../jhn/07/01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](../../jhn/07/13.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms "Jewish leaders" and "Jewish people" or "Jews (leaders)" and "Jews (in general)." diff --git a/jhn/08/18.md b/jhn/08/18.md index 4b16fd75c6..eb6530b8cc 100644 --- a/jhn/08/18.md +++ b/jhn/08/18.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus testifies about himself. Alternate translation: "I give evidence to you ab # the Father who sent me testifies about me -The Father also testifies about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus' testimony is true. Alternate translation: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The Father also testifies about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus's testimony is true. Alternate translation: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # the Father diff --git a/jhn/08/20.md b/jhn/08/20.md index 4680f2442d..6719b559c7 100644 --- a/jhn/08/20.md +++ b/jhn/08/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here there is a break in Jesus' speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Here there is a break in Jesus's speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # his hour had not yet come diff --git a/jhn/09/16.md b/jhn/09/16.md index 34e0b64833..2cc490e30d 100644 --- a/jhn/09/16.md +++ b/jhn/09/16.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of # How can a man who is a sinner do such signs? -This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus' signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus's signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # signs diff --git a/jhn/09/30.md b/jhn/09/30.md index d89762266c..64d61c74fe 100644 --- a/jhn/09/30.md +++ b/jhn/09/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # that you do not know where he is from -The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus' authority when they know he has the power to heal. Alternate translation: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus's authority when they know he has the power to heal. Alternate translation: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/jhn/09/intro.md b/jhn/09/intro.md index 3dfc0f96f2..b2707098e1 100644 --- a/jhn/09/intro.md +++ b/jhn/09/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "Who sinned?" -Many of the Jews of Jesus' time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Many of the Jews of Jesus's time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### "He does not keep the Sabbath" diff --git a/jhn/10/16.md b/jhn/10/16.md index 6ff2ca4366..f975b24034 100644 --- a/jhn/10/16.md +++ b/jhn/10/16.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Here "other sheep" is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: # one flock and one shepherd -Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus' followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus's followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/10/17.md b/jhn/10/17.md index 8606601464..9a07cba319 100644 --- a/jhn/10/17.md +++ b/jhn/10/17.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. # This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life -God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus' death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son. +God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus's death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son. # Father diff --git a/jhn/10/36.md b/jhn/10/36.md index 9b6c774c18..414ef7d2bf 100644 --- a/jhn/10/36.md +++ b/jhn/10/36.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blasphem # You are blaspheming -"You are insulting God." Jesus' opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God. +"You are insulting God." Jesus's opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God. # Father ... Son of God diff --git a/jhn/12/04.md b/jhn/12/04.md index f786d49d98..fe1be963cf 100644 --- a/jhn/12/04.md +++ b/jhn/12/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the one who would betray him -"the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him" +"the one who later enabled Jesus's enemies to seize him" diff --git a/jhn/12/24.md b/jhn/12/24.md index 048d505af7..2664c0c7a0 100644 --- a/jhn/12/24.md +++ b/jhn/12/24.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important a # unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies ... it will bear much fruit -Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus' death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus's death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/12/33.md b/jhn/12/33.md index cce6c87fc2..c7599e8c26 100644 --- a/jhn/12/33.md +++ b/jhn/12/33.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Here John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being "lif # He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die -John interprets Jesus' words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +John interprets Jesus's words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/jhn/12/35.md b/jhn/12/35.md index 303345f8d3..f321b6e23a 100644 --- a/jhn/12/35.md +++ b/jhn/12/35.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going -Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. Alternate translation: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus's teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. Alternate translation: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/12/intro.md b/jhn/12/intro.md index 9690ee2535..20d9de6bd3 100644 --- a/jhn/12/intro.md +++ b/jhn/12/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire vers #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### Mary anointed Jesus' feet +##### Mary anointed Jesus's feet The Jews would put oil on a person's head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person's body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person's feet, because they thought that feet were dirty. diff --git a/jhn/13/23.md b/jhn/13/23.md index 06459698b4..97acbacfd0 100644 --- a/jhn/13/23.md +++ b/jhn/13/23.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This refers to John. During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# Jesus' side +# Jesus's side Lying with one's head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him. diff --git a/jhn/13/38.md b/jhn/13/38.md index 95ff3ab8d3..6f8f644560 100644 --- a/jhn/13/38.md +++ b/jhn/13/38.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Will you lay down your life for me? -This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus's statement. Alternate translation: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times diff --git a/jhn/13/intro.md b/jhn/13/intro.md index d966157143..c28796aa26 100644 --- a/jhn/13/intro.md +++ b/jhn/13/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) +The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus's sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter diff --git a/jhn/14/09.md b/jhn/14/09.md index 4a042cf20a..facb154d85 100644 --- a/jhn/14/09.md +++ b/jhn/14/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I have been with you for such a long time and you still do not know me, Philip? -This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' words. Alternate translation: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus's words. Alternate translation: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # Whoever has seen me has seen the Father @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God the Father. The "Father" is an i # How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? -This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus's words to Philip. Alternate translation: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/jhn/14/10.md b/jhn/14/10.md index a0f474f19a..6d896e82bc 100644 --- a/jhn/14/10.md +++ b/jhn/14/10.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus asks Philip a question and then he continues to speak to all of his discip # Do you not believe ... in me? -This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus's words to Philip. Alternate translation: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # Father diff --git a/jhn/15/10.md b/jhn/15/10.md index 52bf475904..d13e8d0bc1 100644 --- a/jhn/15/10.md +++ b/jhn/15/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love -When Jesus' followers obey him, they show their love for him. Alternate translation: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +When Jesus's followers obey him, they show their love for him. Alternate translation: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # my Father diff --git a/jhn/15/27.md b/jhn/15/27.md index 6ff7a3c1fc..6c54b7e630 100644 --- a/jhn/15/27.md +++ b/jhn/15/27.md @@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ Some English versions of the Bible translate "must" as "will." Alternate transla # the beginning -Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus's ministry. Alternate translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/jhn/16/04.md b/jhn/16/04.md index 25ca14b5cf..d254c909c6 100644 --- a/jhn/16/04.md +++ b/jhn/16/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # when their hour comes -Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. Alternate translation: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus's followers. Alternate translation: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # in the beginning -This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus's ministry. Alternate translation: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/jhn/16/14.md b/jhn/16/14.md index 5f6c6246a0..d545dffe2d 100644 --- a/jhn/16/14.md +++ b/jhn/16/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you -Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus' teaching and mighty works. Alternate translation: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus's teaching and mighty works. Alternate translation: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/jhn/16/17.md b/jhn/16/17.md index 663d5491c3..0efb3f41c4 100644 --- a/jhn/16/17.md +++ b/jhn/16/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # General Information: -There is a break in Jesus' speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant. +There is a break in Jesus's speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant. # A short amount of time you will no longer see me -The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus' death on the cross. +The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus's death on the cross. # after another short amount of time you will see me -Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus' resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus' coming at the end of time. +Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus's resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus's coming at the end of time. # the Father diff --git a/jhn/17/04.md b/jhn/17/04.md index d2349b7038..99e30c60c5 100644 --- a/jhn/17/04.md +++ b/jhn/17/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the work that you have given me to do -Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus's entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/jhn/18/06.md b/jhn/18/06.md index 51c052b814..3cf34b0211 100644 --- a/jhn/18/06.md +++ b/jhn/18/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alter # fell to the ground -The men fell to the ground because of Jesus' power. Alternate translation: "fell down because of Jesus' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The men fell to the ground because of Jesus's power. Alternate translation: "fell down because of Jesus's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/jhn/18/11.md b/jhn/18/11.md index 84aae4af56..7e563b5b19 100644 --- a/jhn/18/11.md +++ b/jhn/18/11.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ the cover for a knife or sword that keeps the knife or sword from cutting the ow # Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? -This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus's statement. Alternate translation: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # the cup diff --git a/jhn/18/12.md b/jhn/18/12.md index 08bccdf6ba..c5142fc780 100644 --- a/jhn/18/12.md +++ b/jhn/18/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Altern # seized Jesus and tied him up -The soldiers tied Jesus' hands to prevent him from escaping. Alternate translation: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The soldiers tied Jesus's hands to prevent him from escaping. Alternate translation: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/jhn/18/28.md b/jhn/18/28.md index 97bd0c99a1..8d74c342a0 100644 --- a/jhn/18/28.md +++ b/jhn/18/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the story line shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus' accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Here the story line shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus's accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas diff --git a/jhn/18/32.md b/jhn/18/32.md index b3dfef9915..d706594587 100644 --- a/jhn/18/32.md +++ b/jhn/18/32.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verse 32 there is a break from the main story line as the author tells us background information about how Jesus' predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +In verse 32 there is a break from the main story line as the author tells us background information about how Jesus's predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled which he had spoken diff --git a/jhn/18/intro.md b/jhn/18/intro.md index b82ef7c35f..69d905cbdd 100644 --- a/jhn/18/intro.md +++ b/jhn/18/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Verse 14 says, "Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews th The Roman government did not allow the Jews to kill criminals, so the Jews needed to ask Pilate, the governor, to kill him ([John 18:31](../../jhn/18/31.md)). -##### Jesus' kingdom +##### Jesus's kingdom No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he told Pilate that his kingdom was not "of this world" ([John 18:36](../../jhn/18/36.md)). Some people think that Jesus means that his kingdom is only spiritual and that he has no visible kingdom on this earth, Other people think that Jesus meant that he would not build and rule his kingdom by force, the way other kings build theirs. It is possible to translate the words "is not of this world" as "is not from this place" or "comes from another place." diff --git a/jhn/19/12.md b/jhn/19/12.md index e6f2f9f724..8077a940d0 100644 --- a/jhn/19/12.md +++ b/jhn/19/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # At this answer -Here "this answer" refers to Jesus' answer. Alternate translation: "When Pilate heard Jesus' answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "this answer" refers to Jesus's answer. Alternate translation: "When Pilate heard Jesus's answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # Pilate tried to release him diff --git a/jhn/19/19.md b/jhn/19/19.md index 46f0e57f6f..f3a027936b 100644 --- a/jhn/19/19.md +++ b/jhn/19/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross -Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus' cross. Alternate translation: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus' cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus's cross. Alternate translation: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus's cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) # There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS diff --git a/jhn/19/24.md b/jhn/19/24.md index 3eb522c848..1fde2663c1 100644 --- a/jhn/19/24.md +++ b/jhn/19/24.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This fulfilled # cast lots -This was how the soldiers divided Jesus' clothing among themselves. Alternate translation: "gamble" +This was how the soldiers divided Jesus's clothing among themselves. Alternate translation: "gamble" diff --git a/jhn/20/02.md b/jhn/20/02.md index ffd4b8c1b8..8cfa739319 100644 --- a/jhn/20/02.md +++ b/jhn/20/02.md @@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ The author uses the word "they" here to show that Mary Magdalene did not know wh # the Lord ... laid him -These words are metonyms for Jesus' dead body. Alternate translation: "the Lord's dead body ... laid it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file +These words are metonyms for Jesus's dead body. Alternate translation: "the Lord's dead body ... laid it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/20/07.md b/jhn/20/07.md index 3dc2814c24..ab73681182 100644 --- a/jhn/20/07.md +++ b/jhn/20/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # cloth that had been on his head -Here "his head" refers to "Jesus' head." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "his head" refers to "Jesus's head." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus's face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # but was folded up in a place by itself diff --git a/jhn/20/15.md b/jhn/20/15.md index 8e392c3654..9128acaed6 100644 --- a/jhn/20/15.md +++ b/jhn/20/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # if you have taken him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will take him away -Here the word "him" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' dead body. Alternate translation: "if you have taken his dead body away, tell me where you have put it, and I will take it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/metonymy]]) +Here the word "him" is a metonym that refers to Jesus's dead body. Alternate translation: "if you have taken his dead body away, tell me where you have put it, and I will take it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/metonymy]]) diff --git a/jhn/20/intro.md b/jhn/20/intro.md index 9fab2c8121..61963a3d15 100644 --- a/jhn/20/intro.md +++ b/jhn/20/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 20:1](../../jhn/20/01.md)) was the kin ##### "Receive the Holy Spirit" -If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus' breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) +If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus's breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter @@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the John used Greek letters to describe the sound of the word, and then he explained that it means "Teacher." You should do the same, using the letters of your language. -##### Jesus' resurrection body +##### Jesus's resurrection body -No one is sure what Jesus' body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULB says. +No one is sure what Jesus's body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULB says. ##### Two angels in white -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus's tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) ## Links: diff --git a/jhn/21/22.md b/jhn/21/22.md index 244e9f0030..e8a8a993b8 100644 --- a/jhn/21/22.md +++ b/jhn/21/22.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Here "him" refers to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in [John 21:20](../21/20.md # I come -This refers to Jesus' second coming, his return to earth from heaven. +This refers to Jesus's second coming, his return to earth from heaven. # what is that to you? diff --git a/jhn/21/intro.md b/jhn/21/intro.md index 1fd6760aa4..7083c88764 100644 --- a/jhn/21/intro.md +++ b/jhn/21/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### The metaphor of sheep -Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../../jhn/10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who would take care of Jesus' sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../../jhn/10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who would take care of Jesus's sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: diff --git a/jhn/front/intro.md b/jhn/front/intro.md index 2f001a7c6c..6e214b9d74 100644 --- a/jhn/front/intro.md +++ b/jhn/front/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ 1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18) 1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51) 1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11) -1. The seven days before Jesus' death (12-19) +1. The seven days before Jesus's death (12-19) - Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11) - Jesus rides a donkey into Jerusalem (12:12-19) - Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36) @@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel o This book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the Apostle John was the author. ## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts -#### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus' life? +#### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus's life? -John wrote much about Jesus' final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus' final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +John wrote much about Jesus's final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus's final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues #### What do the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" mean in the Gospel of John? -John often used the words "remain," "reside", and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. +John often used the words "remain," "reside", and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus's word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, Jesus intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with him when he said, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him" (John 6:56). The UDB uses the idea of "will be joined to me, and I will be joined to him." But translators may have to find other ways of expressing the idea. diff --git a/jol/03/01.md b/jol/03/01.md index 02d5f28e47..20bc9f8193 100644 --- a/jol/03/01.md +++ b/jol/03/01.md @@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good The phrase "at that time" means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase "in those days." Alternate translation: "in those very days" or "at that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -# when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem +# when I reverse the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem -"When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem" +The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. Alternate translation: "when I cause Judah and Jerusalem to live well again" or "free Judah and Jerusalem from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +# Judah and Jerusalem + +The names of the cities are metaphors for the people who lived in the cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jud/01/09.md b/jud/01/09.md index 6f11f53db7..0ab6894d52 100644 --- a/jud/01/09.md +++ b/jud/01/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses' leadership and Aaron's priesthood. +Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses's leadership and Aaron's priesthood. # did not dare to bring a reviling judgment against him diff --git a/lam/02/14.md b/lam/02/14.md index ea9916c1fa..004cb4590d 100644 --- a/lam/02/14.md +++ b/lam/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# They have not exposed your iniquity to restore your fortunes +# They have not exposed your iniquity to reverse your captivity -"They did not tell you about your sins to restore your fortunes." The word "fortune" refers to a person's wealth and prosperity. +Possible meanings are that the prophets have not rebuked the people for their sins, and so 1) Yahweh has not brought them back from captivity or 2) Yahweh did not prevent them from going into captivity. The abstract noun "captivity" here can be translated as a verbal clause and may be a metaphor for Yahweh's punishment. Alternate translation: "They have not rebuked you for your sins so that Yahweh could free you from those who had captured you" or "They have not rebuked you for your sins so that Yahweh would not have to punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # for you they gave utterances diff --git a/lev/04/intro.md b/lev/04/intro.md index c0a4c9b6d9..d3471f7c4a 100644 --- a/lev/04/intro.md +++ b/lev/04/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional si #### Special concepts in this chapter ##### Unintentional sins -Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus' life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus. +Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus's life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus. ## Links: diff --git a/luk/02/01.md b/luk/02/01.md index ab67b38205..fa28a1e8ca 100644 --- a/luk/02/01.md +++ b/luk/02/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This gives background to show why Mary and Joseph have to move at the time of Jesus' birth. +This gives background to show why Mary and Joseph have to move at the time of Jesus's birth. # Now diff --git a/luk/02/27.md b/luk/02/27.md index 7f7b182fe9..a5b93e5657 100644 --- a/luk/02/27.md +++ b/luk/02/27.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Some languages may say "went." # the parents -"Jesus' parents" +"Jesus's parents" # the custom of the law diff --git a/luk/02/41.md b/luk/02/41.md index c0b08b650c..a05aefc4cc 100644 --- a/luk/02/41.md +++ b/luk/02/41.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-backgro # His parents -"Jesus' parents" +"Jesus's parents" diff --git a/luk/03/01.md b/luk/03/01.md index 0dd8b3af77..eaf3de86c1 100644 --- a/luk/03/01.md +++ b/luk/03/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Verses 1-3 give background information to tell what is happening when Jesus' cousin John begins his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +Verses 1-3 give background information to tell what is happening when Jesus's cousin John begins his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/luk/03/23.md b/luk/03/23.md index 39c4098f70..0409c15d51 100644 --- a/luk/03/23.md +++ b/luk/03/23.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Luke lists the ancestors of Jesus through the line of his supposed father, Josep # When -This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus' age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus's age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # thirty years of age diff --git a/luk/03/25.md b/luk/03/25.md index 63eff7df39..c395e7a60e 100644 --- a/luk/03/25.md +++ b/luk/03/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos ... Naggai -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/luk/03/26.md b/luk/03/26.md index 39ce569fe9..a46f152095 100644 --- a/luk/03/26.md +++ b/luk/03/26.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Maath ... Joda -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/27.md b/luk/03/27.md index 8718bb51d1..27d26b8e70 100644 --- a/luk/03/27.md +++ b/luk/03/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Joda was the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa ... Neri -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that begins in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that begins in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # the son of Salathiel diff --git a/luk/03/28.md b/luk/03/28.md index 7f59844c39..0164e0c3a7 100644 --- a/luk/03/28.md +++ b/luk/03/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Melchi ... Er -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/29.md b/luk/03/29.md index 8b918cf051..172698eabf 100644 --- a/luk/03/29.md +++ b/luk/03/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer ... Levi -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/30.md b/luk/03/30.md index 1d5809e5b8..a05ddb6dc1 100644 --- a/luk/03/30.md +++ b/luk/03/30.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Simeon, the son of Judah ... Eliakim -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/luk/03/31.md b/luk/03/31.md index 1d7dd1f304..06404eb36f 100644 --- a/luk/03/31.md +++ b/luk/03/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Melea ... David -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/32.md b/luk/03/32.md index 1db779b83e..1e01ec764d 100644 --- a/luk/03/32.md +++ b/luk/03/32.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Jesse ... the son of Nahshon -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/luk/03/33.md b/luk/03/33.md index 72137802e0..950ee92a38 100644 --- a/luk/03/33.md +++ b/luk/03/33.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin ... Judah -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/luk/03/34.md b/luk/03/34.md index 57c4dcab20..aa013e580d 100644 --- a/luk/03/34.md +++ b/luk/03/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Jacob ... Nahor -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/35.md b/luk/03/35.md index c92452e98d..5299b84d62 100644 --- a/luk/03/35.md +++ b/luk/03/35.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Serug ... Shelah -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/luk/03/36.md b/luk/03/36.md index efb6023d19..f3b859025a 100644 --- a/luk/03/36.md +++ b/luk/03/36.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad ... Lamech -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/37.md b/luk/03/37.md index f3f1727ceb..425b59a9d6 100644 --- a/luk/03/37.md +++ b/luk/03/37.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # the son of Methuselah ... Cainan -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/luk/03/38.md b/luk/03/38.md index d0010b43ec..9550d05e92 100644 --- a/luk/03/38.md +++ b/luk/03/38.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the son of Enos ... Adam -This is a continuation of the list of Jesus' ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +This is a continuation of the list of Jesus's ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Adam, the son of God diff --git a/luk/04/04.md b/luk/04/04.md index f18b6d9aa0..0c71c7d513 100644 --- a/luk/04/04.md +++ b/luk/04/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Jesus answered him, "It is written ... alone.'" -Jesus' rejection of the devil's challenge is clearly implied in his answer. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience, as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "Jesus replied, 'No, I will not do that because it is written ... alone."'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's rejection of the devil's challenge is clearly implied in his answer. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience, as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "Jesus replied, 'No, I will not do that because it is written ... alone."'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # It is written -The quotation is from Moses' writings in the Old Testament. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The quotation is from Moses's writings in the Old Testament. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses has written in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # Man does not live on bread alone diff --git a/luk/04/22.md b/luk/04/22.md index bcd57a8344..78c9004542 100644 --- a/luk/04/22.md +++ b/luk/04/22.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # Is this not the son of Joseph? -People thought that Joseph was Jesus' father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. Alternate translation: "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +People thought that Joseph was Jesus's father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. Alternate translation: "This is just Joseph's son!" or "His father is only Joseph!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/luk/05/01.md b/luk/05/01.md index 3cbfa2aa48..73dae69872 100644 --- a/luk/05/01.md +++ b/luk/05/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If yo # listening to the word of God -Possible meanings are 1) "listening to the message God wanted them to hear" or 2) "listening to Jesus' message about God" +Possible meanings are 1) "listening to the message God wanted them to hear" or 2) "listening to Jesus's message about God" # the lake of Gennesaret diff --git a/luk/05/08.md b/luk/05/08.md index 6453b023d1..fadc179c34 100644 --- a/luk/05/08.md +++ b/luk/05/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# fell down at Jesus' knees +# fell down at Jesus's knees -Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus' feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus's feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus's feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) # sinful man diff --git a/luk/05/14.md b/luk/05/14.md index 6394fb8e9b..5a2ea48640 100644 --- a/luk/05/14.md +++ b/luk/05/14.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # He instructed him to tell no one but told him, "Go on your way -Jesus' instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "He said, 'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +Jesus's instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "He said, 'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) # to tell no one diff --git a/luk/05/15.md b/luk/05/15.md index a4e1eb196f..387b91d338 100644 --- a/luk/05/15.md +++ b/luk/05/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the report about him -"the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus' healing the man with leprosy" or "the report about Jesus' healing people." +"the news about Jesus." This could mean either "the report about Jesus's healing the man with leprosy" or "the report about Jesus's healing people." # the report about him spread even farther diff --git a/luk/05/30.md b/luk/05/30.md index 50527721b2..f0b841c5bb 100644 --- a/luk/05/30.md +++ b/luk/05/30.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # to his disciples -"to Jesus' disciples" +"to Jesus's disciples" # Why do you eat ... sinners? -The Pharisees and scribes ask this question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples are eating with sinners. Alternate translation: "You should not eat ... sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The Pharisees and scribes ask this question to express their disapproval that Jesus's disciples are eating with sinners. Alternate translation: "You should not eat ... sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # sinners diff --git a/luk/05/37.md b/luk/05/37.md index a5a5733dc6..456795c7ba 100644 --- a/luk/05/37.md +++ b/luk/05/37.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called "wine bags" # the new wine will burst the skins -When the new wine would ferment and expand, it would break the old skins because they could no longer stretch out. Jesus' audience would have understood how wine expands when it ferments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +When the new wine would ferment and expand, it would break the old skins because they could no longer stretch out. Jesus's audience would have understood how wine expands when it ferments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # the wine will be spilled diff --git a/luk/05/intro.md b/luk/05/intro.md index 44b9fa4876..94b3c09808 100644 --- a/luk/05/intro.md +++ b/luk/05/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catc ##### Sinners -When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +When the people of Jesus's time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Fasting and Feasting diff --git a/luk/06/35.md b/luk/06/35.md index 09bf099e97..69e55cde28 100644 --- a/luk/06/35.md +++ b/luk/06/35.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ It is best to translate "sons" with the same word your language would naturally # sons of the Most High -Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus' title "The Son of the Most High." +Make sure that the word "sons" is plural so it is not confused with Jesus's title "The Son of the Most High." # unthankful and evil people diff --git a/luk/07/32.md b/luk/07/32.md index 6fbe154521..d73d32bd7c 100644 --- a/luk/07/32.md +++ b/luk/07/32.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They are like -These words are the beginning of Jesus' comparison. Jesus is saying that the people are like children who are never satisfied with the way other children act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These words are the beginning of Jesus's comparison. Jesus is saying that the people are like children who are never satisfied with the way other children act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # marketplace diff --git a/luk/07/intro.md b/luk/07/intro.md index e3f2c35a4b..bc6c983c24 100644 --- a/luk/07/intro.md +++ b/luk/07/intro.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Luke refers to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders considered the ##### "Feet" -The feet of the people in the ancient Near East were very dirty because they wore sandals and the roads and trails were dusty and muddy. Only slaves washed other people's feet. The woman who washed Jesus' feet was showing him great honor. +The feet of the people in the ancient Near East were very dirty because they wore sandals and the roads and trails were dusty and muddy. Only slaves washed other people's feet. The woman who washed Jesus's feet was showing him great honor. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/luk/08/01.md b/luk/08/01.md index 455666e7eb..3a3fe89375 100644 --- a/luk/08/01.md +++ b/luk/08/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -These verses give background information about Jesus' preaching while traveling. +These verses give background information about Jesus's preaching while traveling. # It happened diff --git a/luk/08/19.md b/luk/08/19.md index 88198ad452..4792baddd1 100644 --- a/luk/08/19.md +++ b/luk/08/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # brothers -These were Jesus' younger brothers—the sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were technically his half-brothers. This detail is not normally translated. +These were Jesus's younger brothers—the sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were technically his half-brothers. This detail is not normally translated. diff --git a/luk/08/22.md b/luk/08/22.md index b7e2bc891d..67fa486c19 100644 --- a/luk/08/22.md +++ b/luk/08/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Jesus and his disciples use a boat to cross Lake Genneseret. The disciples learn more about Jesus' power through the storm that arises. +Jesus and his disciples use a boat to cross Lake Genneseret. The disciples learn more about Jesus's power through the storm that arises. # the lake diff --git a/luk/08/41.md b/luk/08/41.md index a6c70ff00e..85da54d952 100644 --- a/luk/08/41.md +++ b/luk/08/41.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "one of the leaders at the local synagogue" or "a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city" -# fell down at Jesus' feet +# fell down at Jesus's feet Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet." Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) diff --git a/luk/08/47.md b/luk/08/47.md index 517a34527f..112452baca 100644 --- a/luk/08/47.md +++ b/luk/08/47.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # fell down before him -Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down in front of Jesus" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus' feet." She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. +Possible meanings are 1) "bowed down in front of Jesus" or 2) "lay down on the ground at Jesus's feet." She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. # In the presence of all the people diff --git a/luk/08/51.md b/luk/08/51.md index 2a75f7cc37..2ae71aa932 100644 --- a/luk/08/51.md +++ b/luk/08/51.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # When he came to the house -"When they came to the house." Jesus went there with Jairus. Some of Jesus' disciples also went with them. +"When they came to the house." Jesus went there with Jairus. Some of Jesus's disciples also went with them. # he allowed no one to enter with him, except Peter ... mother diff --git a/luk/09/19.md b/luk/09/19.md index 98532be4d4..491c233a64 100644 --- a/luk/09/19.md +++ b/luk/09/19.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ It may be helpful to restate part of the question here. Alternate translation: " # that one of the prophets from long ago has risen -It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus' question. Alternate translation: "that you are one of the prophets from long ago and have risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus's question. Alternate translation: "that you are one of the prophets from long ago and have risen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # has risen diff --git a/luk/09/37.md b/luk/09/37.md index 60c42d48bb..d2df4cc178 100644 --- a/luk/09/37.md +++ b/luk/09/37.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The next day after Jesus' dazzling appearance, Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy that the disciples were unable to make better. +The next day after Jesus's dazzling appearance, Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy that the disciples were unable to make better. diff --git a/luk/09/58.md b/luk/09/58.md index 436ac1099a..490affc759 100644 --- a/luk/09/58.md +++ b/luk/09/58.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head -Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being Jesus' disciple. Jesus implies that if the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. Alternate translation: "Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head. So do not expect that you will have a home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being Jesus's disciple. Jesus implies that if the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. Alternate translation: "Foxes have holes ... nowhere to lay his head. So do not expect that you will have a home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # Foxes diff --git a/luk/09/intro.md b/luk/09/intro.md index 6eb985fdd8..90d02aeeac 100644 --- a/luk/09/intro.md +++ b/luk/09/intro.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The term "kingdom of God" is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that was ##### Glory -Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus' clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus's clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/luk/10/17.md b/luk/10/17.md index c2087bf312..eb5337e552 100644 --- a/luk/10/17.md +++ b/luk/10/17.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" (See: # in your name -Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" refers to Jesus's power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/luk/10/21.md b/luk/10/21.md index f786030b30..e887323c47 100644 --- a/luk/10/21.md +++ b/luk/10/21.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The phrase "heaven" and earth" represents everything that exists. Alternate tran # these things -This refers to Jesus' previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning. +This refers to Jesus's previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning. # the wise and understanding @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The words "wise" and "understanding" are nominal adjectives that refer to people # those who are untaught, like little children -This refers to those who may not have much education but who are willing to accept Jesus' teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. Alternate translation: "people who may have little education, but who listen to God as little children do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This refers to those who may not have much education but who are willing to accept Jesus's teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. Alternate translation: "people who may have little education, but who listen to God as little children do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # for so it was well pleasing in your sight diff --git a/luk/11/19.md b/luk/11/19.md index a27c005d9b..5884f0f80b 100644 --- a/luk/11/19.md +++ b/luk/11/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # If I ... by whom do your followers drive them out? -"If I ... by whose power do your followers force demons to leave people?" Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The meaning of Jesus' question can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "If I ... then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebul's power. But you do not believe that it is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"If I ... by whose power do your followers force demons to leave people?" Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The meaning of Jesus's question can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "If I ... then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebul's power. But you do not believe that it is true." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # they will be your judges diff --git a/luk/11/27.md b/luk/11/27.md index 9185e4cd55..8d9cdcf596 100644 --- a/luk/11/27.md +++ b/luk/11/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A woman speaks a blessing and Jesus responds. +This is a break in Jesus's teachings. A woman speaks a blessing and Jesus responds. # It happened that diff --git a/luk/11/45.md b/luk/11/45.md index a26512ae7d..3c325c98a1 100644 --- a/luk/11/45.md +++ b/luk/11/45.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This introduces a new character into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate # what you say insults us too -Jesus' comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws. +Jesus's comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws. diff --git a/luk/11/54.md b/luk/11/54.md index a47b8d76a6..1f5ee54d4e 100644 --- a/luk/11/54.md +++ b/luk/11/54.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The writer speaks of the Pharisees as if they were thieves hiding by the side of him, to catch something out of his mouth -The words "something out of his mouth" refer to his words. It is as if the Pharisees were waiting for a physical object to come out of Jesus' mouth so they could catch it and use it as evidence that Jesus was evil. Alternate translation: "him to see if he would say something for which they could accuse him" +The words "something out of his mouth" refer to his words. It is as if the Pharisees were waiting for a physical object to come out of Jesus's mouth so they could catch it and use it as evidence that Jesus was evil. Alternate translation: "him to see if he would say something for which they could accuse him" diff --git a/luk/11/intro.md b/luk/11/intro.md index 8a7eda766f..d71fb95822 100644 --- a/luk/11/intro.md +++ b/luk/11/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines in 11:2-4 farther to the right on the page than the rest ##### The Lord's Prayer -When Jesus' followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about. +When Jesus's followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about. ##### Jonah diff --git a/luk/12/13.md b/luk/12/13.md index 00a416e697..fb96e24335 100644 --- a/luk/12/13.md +++ b/luk/12/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is a break in Jesus' teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him. +This is a break in Jesus's teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him. # divide the inheritance with me diff --git a/luk/12/24.md b/luk/12/24.md index b4de99c0e4..403960e0ef 100644 --- a/luk/12/24.md +++ b/luk/12/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # ravens -This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus' audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds. +This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus's audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds. # storeroom ... barn diff --git a/luk/12/32.md b/luk/12/32.md index 95e5ebe2ca..9d24448ef5 100644 --- a/luk/12/32.md +++ b/luk/12/32.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # little flock -Jesus is calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God cares for Jesus' disciples. Alternate translation: "small group" or "dear group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God cares for Jesus's disciples. Alternate translation: "small group" or "dear group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # your Father diff --git a/luk/12/35.md b/luk/12/35.md index 9ded1435bc..4534361486 100644 --- a/luk/12/35.md +++ b/luk/12/35.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus begins to tell a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] # Keep your loins girded -These words are a metaphor for being ready to do hard work. People in Jesus' culture wore long flowing robes. They would tuck these robes into their belts to keep them out of the way while they worked. Alternate translation: "Always be ready to serve" or "Be dressed and ready to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These words are a metaphor for being ready to do hard work. People in Jesus's culture wore long flowing robes. They would tuck these robes into their belts to keep them out of the way while they worked. Alternate translation: "Always be ready to serve" or "Be dressed and ready to serve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # and your lamps lit diff --git a/luk/12/58.md b/luk/12/58.md index 9f8a1570df..f86f2d81b3 100644 --- a/luk/12/58.md +++ b/luk/12/58.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For when you go ... prison -Jesus presents a situation here that continues through verse 59. This may be a parable to teach Jesus' hearers that they need to repent of their sins before God condemns them on the day of judgment. Alternate translation: "If when you go ... prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +Jesus presents a situation here that continues through verse 59. This may be a parable to teach Jesus's hearers that they need to repent of their sins before God condemns them on the day of judgment. Alternate translation: "If when you go ... prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) # when you go diff --git a/luk/13/04.md b/luk/13/04.md index 1ce060d7d5..9875ae1964 100644 --- a/luk/13/04.md +++ b/luk/13/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Or those -This is Jesus' second example of people who suffered. Alternate translation: "Or consider those" or "Think about those" +This is Jesus's second example of people who suffered. Alternate translation: "Or consider those" or "Think about those" # eighteen people diff --git a/luk/14/04.md b/luk/14/04.md index 6e1b2772cd..b120b27e71 100644 --- a/luk/14/04.md +++ b/luk/14/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # But they kept silent -The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus' question. +The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus's question. # So Jesus took hold of him diff --git a/luk/14/27.md b/luk/14/27.md index bd65119182..4b21bc4d40 100644 --- a/luk/14/27.md +++ b/luk/14/27.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "Only he who carri # carry his own cross -Jesus does not mean every Christian must be crucified. The Romans often made people carry their own crosses before they crucified them as a sign of their submission to Rome. This metaphor means they must submit to God and be willing to suffer in any way to be Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus does not mean every Christian must be crucified. The Romans often made people carry their own crosses before they crucified them as a sign of their submission to Rome. This metaphor means they must submit to God and be willing to suffer in any way to be Jesus's disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/luk/15/intro.md b/luk/15/intro.md index 5a45fac1d6..f5b1abb7c9 100644 --- a/luk/15/intro.md +++ b/luk/15/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ##### Sinners -When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. But Jesus told three parables ([Luke 15:4-7](./04.md), [Luke 15:8-10](./08.md), and [Luke 15:11-32](./11.md)) to teach that the people who believe they are sinners and who repent are the people who truly please God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +When the people of Jesus's time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. But Jesus told three parables ([Luke 15:4-7](./04.md), [Luke 15:8-10](./08.md), and [Luke 15:11-32](./11.md)) to teach that the people who believe they are sinners and who repent are the people who truly please God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) ## Links: diff --git a/luk/16/01.md b/luk/16/01.md index c9490b9900..ce1588c616 100644 --- a/luk/16/01.md +++ b/luk/16/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a master and the manager of hi # Jesus also said to the disciples -The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus' disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. +The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus's disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. # There was a certain rich man diff --git a/luk/16/19.md b/luk/16/19.md index 2228afd1a0..ec291ace2b 100644 --- a/luk/16/19.md +++ b/luk/16/19.md @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ As Jesus continues teaching the people he begins to tell a story. It is about a # Now -This marks a shift in Jesus' speech as he begins to tell a story that will help people understand what he was teaching them. +This marks a shift in Jesus's speech as he begins to tell a story that will help people understand what he was teaching them. # a certain rich man -This phrase introduces a person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this is a real person or if it is simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +This phrase introduces a person in Jesus's story. It is not clear if this is a real person or if it is simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) # who was clothed in purple and fine linen diff --git a/luk/16/20.md b/luk/16/20.md index 4118c0433e..882484b96b 100644 --- a/luk/16/20.md +++ b/luk/16/20.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People had laid a cer # A certain beggar named Lazarus -This phrase introduces another person in Jesus' story. It is not clear if this is a real person or simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +This phrase introduces another person in Jesus's story. It is not clear if this is a real person or simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) # at his gate diff --git a/luk/17/05.md b/luk/17/05.md index 38790d4b0e..d522d5ea4e 100644 --- a/luk/17/05.md +++ b/luk/17/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -There is a brief break in Jesus' teachings as the disciples speak to him. Then Jesus continues teaching. +There is a brief break in Jesus's teachings as the disciples speak to him. Then Jesus continues teaching. # Increase our faith diff --git a/luk/17/16.md b/luk/17/16.md index f77cd02e30..d3715f7aab 100644 --- a/luk/17/16.md +++ b/luk/17/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# He fell on his face at Jesus' feet +# He fell on his face at Jesus's feet -"he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus' feet." He did this to honor Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +"he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus's feet." He did this to honor Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) diff --git a/luk/18/03.md b/luk/18/03.md index 4e47a05747..06ad119d84 100644 --- a/luk/18/03.md +++ b/luk/18/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus uses this phrase to introduce a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://e # widow -A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. Jesus' hearers would have thought of her as a person who had no one to protect her from those who wanted to harm her. +A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. Jesus's hearers would have thought of her as a person who had no one to protect her from those who wanted to harm her. # she came often to him diff --git a/luk/18/19.md b/luk/18/19.md index 3cc971d988..0e3cd7f4c3 100644 --- a/luk/18/19.md +++ b/luk/18/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone -Jesus asks the question because he knows that the ruler will not like Jesus' answer to the ruler's question in verse 18. Jesus does not expect the ruler to answer Jesus' question. Jesus wants the ruler to understand that Jesus' answer to the ruler's question comes from God, who alone is good. Alternate translation: "You know that no one is good, except God alone, so to call me good is to compare me with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Jesus asks the question because he knows that the ruler will not like Jesus's answer to the ruler's question in verse 18. Jesus does not expect the ruler to answer Jesus's question. Jesus wants the ruler to understand that Jesus's answer to the ruler's question comes from God, who alone is good. Alternate translation: "You know that no one is good, except God alone, so to call me good is to compare me with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # No one is good, except God alone diff --git a/luk/18/34.md b/luk/18/34.md index dfae206dd8..ef9ab67f0a 100644 --- a/luk/18/34.md +++ b/luk/18/34.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This verse is not part of the main story line, but rather a comment about this p # these things -This refers to Jesus' description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. +This refers to Jesus's description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. # this word was hidden from them diff --git a/luk/19/37.md b/luk/19/37.md index 7f99c0417a..cd5fc0f58c 100644 --- a/luk/19/37.md +++ b/luk/19/37.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # As he was now approaching -"As Jesus was going near." Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. +"As Jesus was going near." Jesus's disciples were traveling with him. # where the Mount of Olives descends diff --git a/luk/19/43.md b/luk/19/43.md index 81102bd450..3738742562 100644 --- a/luk/19/43.md +++ b/luk/19/43.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus continues speaking. # For -What follows is the reason for Jesus' sadness. +What follows is the reason for Jesus's sadness. # the days will come upon you when your enemies diff --git a/luk/21/07.md b/luk/21/07.md index 06206da54f..30739caf14 100644 --- a/luk/21/07.md +++ b/luk/21/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they asked him -"the disciples asked Jesus" or "Jesus' disciples asked him" +"the disciples asked Jesus" or "Jesus's disciples asked him" # these things diff --git a/luk/21/intro.md b/luk/21/intro.md index ee4f072303..b0f7e95973 100644 --- a/luk/21/intro.md +++ b/luk/21/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jesus told his disciples much about what would happen before he returned. ##### "For many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,'" -Jesus taught that before he returned many people would falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time when many people will hate Jesus' followers and even want to kill them. +Jesus taught that before he returned many people would falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time when many people will hate Jesus's followers and even want to kill them. ##### "Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled" diff --git a/luk/22/20.md b/luk/22/20.md index 1f4799bb53..b216648761 100644 --- a/luk/22/20.md +++ b/luk/22/20.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. Alternate translation: "The wine i # the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you -Here "blood, which is poured out" represents death. Jesus' death will establish the new covenant that God will make with his people. Alternate translation: "the new covenant that God will put into effect because I have shed my blood for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "blood, which is poured out" represents death. Jesus's death will establish the new covenant that God will make with his people. Alternate translation: "the new covenant that God will put into effect because I have shed my blood for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/luk/22/27.md b/luk/22/27.md index 9d2511c528..20681ddd04 100644 --- a/luk/22/27.md +++ b/luk/22/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For -This connects Jesus' commands in verse 26 with this whole verse. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant. +This connects Jesus's commands in verse 26 with this whole verse. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant. # For who is greater ... serves? diff --git a/luk/22/38.md b/luk/22/38.md index b2ff0e6f5e..0696a51368 100644 --- a/luk/22/38.md +++ b/luk/22/38.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they said -This refers to at least two of Jesus' apostles. +This refers to at least two of Jesus's apostles. # It is enough diff --git a/luk/22/49.md b/luk/22/49.md index 6d92b99da6..da03d4eacc 100644 --- a/luk/22/49.md +++ b/luk/22/49.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # those who were around Jesus -This refers to Jesus' disciples. +This refers to Jesus's disciples. # what was happening diff --git a/luk/22/intro.md b/luk/22/intro.md index e2ecd5408c..6cbb50ac71 100644 --- a/luk/22/intro.md +++ b/luk/22/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### The eating of the body and blood -[Luke 22:19-20](./19.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At that time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist," or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. +[Luke 22:19-20](./19.md) describes Jesus's last meal with his followers. At that time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist," or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. ##### The new covenant diff --git a/luk/23/27.md b/luk/23/27.md index 3c54af0bae..1f9144d64a 100644 --- a/luk/23/27.md +++ b/luk/23/27.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The woman were part of the large crowd, and not a separate crowd. # were following him -This does not mean that they were Jesus' disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him. +This does not mean that they were Jesus's disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him. diff --git a/luk/23/33.md b/luk/23/33.md index b8116658bc..3733c971ff 100644 --- a/luk/23/33.md +++ b/luk/23/33.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The word "they" includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus. # one on his right and one on his left -"they crucified one criminal on Jesus' right side and the other criminal on Jesus' left side" +"they crucified one criminal on Jesus's right side and the other criminal on Jesus's left side" diff --git a/luk/23/34.md b/luk/23/34.md index f05d26aa84..95aa8bb441 100644 --- a/luk/23/34.md +++ b/luk/23/34.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. Alternate translation: "they ga # cast lots, dividing up his garments -"cast lots to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus' clothing" +"cast lots to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus's clothing" diff --git a/luk/23/38.md b/luk/23/38.md index a6756523c1..94d9b0de37 100644 --- a/luk/23/38.md +++ b/luk/23/38.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a sign over him -"a placard at the top of Jesus' cross that stated" +"a placard at the top of Jesus's cross that stated" # This is the King of the Jews diff --git a/luk/23/50.md b/luk/23/50.md index 4e8bce7306..bec8ccb981 100644 --- a/luk/23/50.md +++ b/luk/23/50.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The author begins to give background information about the man who buried Jesus' body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The author begins to give background information about the man who buried Jesus's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Behold, there was a man diff --git a/luk/23/51.md b/luk/23/51.md index 9e5002f332..253c78501a 100644 --- a/luk/23/51.md +++ b/luk/23/51.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The author finishes giving background information about the man who buried Jesus' body. It may be helpful to reorder some of the information in this verse and the previous verse with a verse bridge, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +The author finishes giving background information about the man who buried Jesus's body. It may be helpful to reorder some of the information in this verse and the previous verse with a verse bridge, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # with their plan and action diff --git a/luk/23/53.md b/luk/23/53.md index d9fe7f9460..647ae795e7 100644 --- a/luk/23/53.md +++ b/luk/23/53.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # He took it down -"Joseph took Jesus' body from the cross." He probably had help, so this may be a synecdoche. Alternate translation: "Joseph and some helpers took it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Joseph took Jesus's body from the cross." He probably had help, so this may be a synecdoche. Alternate translation: "Joseph and some helpers took it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) # wrapped it in fine linen diff --git a/luk/23/55.md b/luk/23/55.md index ecd879d278..dfbbe1a334 100644 --- a/luk/23/55.md +++ b/luk/23/55.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him; the women saw the tomb and how the men laid Jesus' body inside the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him; the women saw the tomb and how the men laid Jesus's body inside the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/luk/23/56.md b/luk/23/56.md index f399593c2f..efad8209cd 100644 --- a/luk/23/56.md +++ b/luk/23/56.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # prepared spices and ointments -Because they had had no time to honor Jesus by putting fragrant spices and ointments on his body on the day he died, they were going to do it on the morning of the first day of the week. Alternate translation: "prepared spices and ointments to put on Jesus' body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Because they had had no time to honor Jesus by putting fragrant spices and ointments on his body on the day he died, they were going to do it on the morning of the first day of the week. Alternate translation: "prepared spices and ointments to put on Jesus's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # they rested diff --git a/luk/23/intro.md b/luk/23/intro.md index d924f8d498..4c97bd7ed7 100644 --- a/luk/23/intro.md +++ b/luk/23/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The chief priests and scribes accused Jesus of doing evil because they wanted Pi ##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" -The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus' people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins. +The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus's people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins. ##### The tomb diff --git a/luk/24/01.md b/luk/24/01.md index b801b075d8..38db05e16c 100644 --- a/luk/24/01.md +++ b/luk/24/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The women ([Luke 23:55](../23/55.md)) return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. +The women ([Luke 23:55](../23/55.md)) return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus's body. # Very early on the first day of the week diff --git a/luk/24/12.md b/luk/24/12.md index d4a5cff6f2..4ae74567d7 100644 --- a/luk/24/12.md +++ b/luk/24/12.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Peter had to bend over in order to see inside the tomb because tombs cut in soli # the linen cloths by themselves -"only the linen cloths." This refers to the cloths that had been wrapped around Jesus' body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/53.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. Alternate translation: "the linen cloths in which Jesus' body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"only the linen cloths." This refers to the cloths that had been wrapped around Jesus's body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/53.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. Alternate translation: "the linen cloths in which Jesus's body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # departed to his home diff --git a/luk/24/33.md b/luk/24/33.md index b94400f2cd..6d02bc5325 100644 --- a/luk/24/33.md +++ b/luk/24/33.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The two men go to Jerusalem to the eleven disciples to tell them about Jesus. # the eleven -This refers to Jesus' apostles. Judas was no longer included with them. +This refers to Jesus's apostles. Judas was no longer included with them. diff --git a/luk/24/48.md b/luk/24/48.md index 3a9cc6cd6f..ea1cb77bf9 100644 --- a/luk/24/48.md +++ b/luk/24/48.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. # You are witnesses -"You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true." The disciples had observed Jesus' life, death, and resurrection and could describe to other people what he did. +"You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true." The disciples had observed Jesus's life, death, and resurrection and could describe to other people what he did. diff --git a/luk/24/intro.md b/luk/24/intro.md index 9de3fb5e89..4db93cbd27 100644 --- a/luk/24/intro.md +++ b/luk/24/intro.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Jesus told his followers that he would become alive again "on the third day" ([L ##### Two men in bright shining robes -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus's tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) ## Links: diff --git a/luk/front/intro.md b/luk/front/intro.md index a7ea3581b6..d8519f418d 100644 --- a/luk/front/intro.md +++ b/luk/front/intro.md @@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ 1. Introduction and purpose for writing (1:1-–4) 1. Birth of Jesus and his preparation for his ministry (1:5-–4:13) -1. Jesus' ministry in Galilee (4:14–-9:50) -1. Jesus' journey to Jerusalem +1. Jesus's ministry in Galilee (4:14–-9:50) +1. Jesus's journey to Jerusalem - Discipleship (9:51–-11:13) - - Conflict and Jesus' grief (11:14–-14:35) + - Conflict and Jesus's grief (11:14–-14:35) - Parables about things that are lost and found. Parables about honesty and dishonesty (15:1–-16:31) - Kingdom of God (17:1–-19:27) - - Jesus' entry into Jerusalem (19:28–-44) + - Jesus's entry into Jerusalem (19:28–-44) 1. Jesus in Jerusalem (19:45–-21:4) -1. Jesus' teaching about his second coming (21:5–-36) -1. Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection (22:1–-24:53) +1. Jesus's teaching about his second coming (21:5–-36) +1. Jesus's death, burial, and resurrection (22:1–-24:53) #### What is the Gospel of Luke about? @@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ Luke was a medical doctor. His way of writing shows that he was an educated man. Luke described women in a very positive way in his gospel. For example, he often showed women being more faithful to God than most men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) -#### Why does Luke write so much about the final week of Jesus' life? +#### Why does Luke write so much about the final week of Jesus's life? -Luke wrote much about Jesus' final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus' final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Luke wrote much about Jesus's final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus's final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The texts are considered "parallel" when they are the same or almost the same am In the gospels, Jesus called himself the "Son of Man." It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In this passage there is a person described as a "son of man." That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. And all the people will worship him forever. -Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jews of Jesus's time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title. diff --git a/mat/01/01.md b/mat/01/01.md index bb9cc5d9db..0db9065e63 100644 --- a/mat/01/01.md +++ b/mat/01/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The author begins with Jesus' genealogy in order to show that he is a descendant of King David and of Abraham. The genealogy continues through [Matthew 1:16](../01/16.md). +The author begins with Jesus's genealogy in order to show that he is a descendant of King David and of Abraham. The genealogy continues through [Matthew 1:16](../01/16.md). # The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ There were many generations between Jesus, David, and Abraham. Here "son" means # son of David -Sometimes the phrase "son of David" is used as a title, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus' ancestry. +Sometimes the phrase "son of David" is used as a title, but here it seems to be used only to identify Jesus's ancestry. diff --git a/mat/01/02.md b/mat/01/02.md index 4f05117653..8461acef69 100644 --- a/mat/01/02.md +++ b/mat/01/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Abraham was the father of Isaac -"Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." There are different ways you could translate this. Whichever way you translate it here, it would be best to translate it the same way throughout the list of Jesus' ancestors. +"Abraham became the father of Isaac" or "Abraham had a son Isaac" or "Abraham had a son named Isaac." There are different ways you could translate this. Whichever way you translate it here, it would be best to translate it the same way throughout the list of Jesus's ancestors. # Isaac the father ... Jacob the father diff --git a/mat/01/16.md b/mat/01/16.md index a16bdc1aed..e1efa118ee 100644 --- a/mat/01/16.md +++ b/mat/01/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The author concludes Jesus' genealogy, which began in [Matthew 1:1](../01/01.md). +The author concludes Jesus's genealogy, which began in [Matthew 1:1](../01/01.md). # Mary, by whom Jesus was born diff --git a/mat/01/22.md b/mat/01/22.md index 522431ad8e..dad206781b 100644 --- a/mat/01/22.md +++ b/mat/01/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The author quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' birth was according to scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The author quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus's birth was according to scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # All this happened diff --git a/mat/03/03.md b/mat/03/03.md index 74dcb666db..c1e37c93b5 100644 --- a/mat/03/03.md +++ b/mat/03/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that John the Baptist was God's appointed messenger to prepare for Jesus' ministry. +Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that John the Baptist was God's appointed messenger to prepare for Jesus's ministry. # For this is he who was spoken of by Isaiah the prophet, saying diff --git a/mat/03/14.md b/mat/03/14.md index af7ed9ba13..1d3c67489d 100644 --- a/mat/03/14.md +++ b/mat/03/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me? -John uses a question to show his surprise at Jesus' request. Alternate translation: "You are more important than I am. I should not baptize you. You should baptize me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +John uses a question to show his surprise at Jesus's request. Alternate translation: "You are more important than I am. I should not baptize you. You should baptize me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mat/04/03.md b/mat/04/03.md index 3d9ba471ee..244736d468 100644 --- a/mat/04/03.md +++ b/mat/04/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ These words refer to the same being as "the devil" (verse 1). You may have to us # If you are the Son of God, command -It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus' own benefit. Alternate translation: "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do miracles for Jesus's own benefit. Alternate translation: "You are the Son of God, so you can command" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: "Prove that you are the Son of God by commanding" # the Son of God diff --git a/mat/04/06.md b/mat/04/06.md index 438e0c3672..a6b2076221 100644 --- a/mat/04/06.md +++ b/mat/04/06.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Satan quotes from the Psalms in order to tempt Jesus. # If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down -It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus' own benefit. Alternate translation: "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" +It is best to assume that Satan knew that Jesus is the Son of God. Possible meanings are 1) this is a temptation to do a miracle for Jesus's own benefit. Alternate translation: "Since you are truly the Son of God, you can throw yourself down" or 2) this is a challenge or accusation. Alternate translation: "Prove that you are truly the Son of God by throwing yourself down" # the Son of God diff --git a/mat/04/12.md b/mat/04/12.md index a2ca8a3252..4250a140a0 100644 --- a/mat/04/12.md +++ b/mat/04/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Matthew describes the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This is the beginning of a new part of the story in which Matthew describes the beginning of Jesus's ministry in Galilee. These verses explain how Jesus came to be in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Now diff --git a/mat/04/14.md b/mat/04/14.md index f8c92c0f4d..91e1ccfa3d 100644 --- a/mat/04/14.md +++ b/mat/04/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # This happened -This refers to Jesus' going to live in Capernaum. +This refers to Jesus's going to live in Capernaum. # what was said diff --git a/mat/04/15.md b/mat/04/15.md index 001a1cd124..433bcce61b 100644 --- a/mat/04/15.md +++ b/mat/04/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. +Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus's ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. # The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali ... Galilee of the Gentiles! diff --git a/mat/04/16.md b/mat/04/16.md index c7fdd890ad..ccbf38ac86 100644 --- a/mat/04/16.md +++ b/mat/04/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. +Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus's ministry in Galilee was a fulfillment of prophecy. # The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light diff --git a/mat/04/18.md b/mat/04/18.md index 8d2a34c99d..5737828d29 100644 --- a/mat/04/18.md +++ b/mat/04/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This begins a new scene within the part of the story about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. Here he begins to gather men to be his disciples. +This begins a new scene within the part of the story about Jesus's ministry in Galilee. Here he begins to gather men to be his disciples. # casting a net into the sea diff --git a/mat/04/23.md b/mat/04/23.md index 54e6171ffb..aacf05b6a2 100644 --- a/mat/04/23.md +++ b/mat/04/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. The rest of this chapter summarizes what he did and how the people responded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus's ministry in Galilee. The rest of this chapter summarizes what he did and how the people responded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) # teaching in their synagogues diff --git a/mat/05/14.md b/mat/05/14.md index ba8d992c1e..082968c7ad 100644 --- a/mat/05/14.md +++ b/mat/05/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # You are the light of the world -This means Jesus' followers bring the message of God's truth to all the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: "You are like a light for the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This means Jesus's followers bring the message of God's truth to all the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: "You are like a light for the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # A city set on a hill cannot be hidden diff --git a/mat/05/39.md b/mat/05/39.md index c57cfb428b..cfc8f3fdcb 100644 --- a/mat/05/39.md +++ b/mat/05/39.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Jesus agrees with God and his word, but he does not agree with the way the relig # strikes ... your right cheek -To strike the side of a man's face was an insult in Jesus' culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. +To strike the side of a man's face was an insult in Jesus's culture. As with the eye and the hand, the right cheek is the more important one, and striking that cheek was a terrible insult. # strikes diff --git a/mat/06/intro.md b/mat/06/intro.md index 4f9838e1df..42965e8280 100644 --- a/mat/06/intro.md +++ b/mat/06/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting -Matthew 6 continues Jesus' extended teaching known as "The Sermon on the Mount." +Matthew 6 continues Jesus's extended teaching known as "The Sermon on the Mount." You may wish to set apart the prayer in 6:9-11 by placing it farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. diff --git a/mat/07/27.md b/mat/07/27.md index d4b388ad16..1a42ddf73e 100644 --- a/mat/07/27.md +++ b/mat/07/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This is the end of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/03.md). +This is the end of Jesus's Sermon on the Mount, which began in [Matthew 5:3](../05/03.md). # fell diff --git a/mat/07/28.md b/mat/07/28.md index 884c140f74..c9b07cf09e 100644 --- a/mat/07/28.md +++ b/mat/07/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -These verses describe how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus' teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +These verses describe how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus's teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) # It came about that when -This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "When" or "After" +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus's teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "When" or "After" # were astonished by his teaching diff --git a/mat/08/10.md b/mat/08/10.md index 84df7b3b97..12de5946e5 100644 --- a/mat/08/10.md +++ b/mat/08/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # I have not found anyone with such faith in Israel -Jesus' hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's hearers would have thought that the Jews in Israel, who claim to be children of God, would have greater faith than anyone. Jesus is saying they are wrong and that the centurion's faith was greater. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mat/08/18.md b/mat/08/18.md index e3895163df..55186ebe3c 100644 --- a/mat/08/18.md +++ b/mat/08/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Here the scene shifts and tells about Jesus' response to some people who wanted to follow him. +Here the scene shifts and tells about Jesus's response to some people who wanted to follow him. # Now diff --git a/mat/08/25.md b/mat/08/25.md index 71eb087739..e83be582d8 100644 --- a/mat/08/25.md +++ b/mat/08/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' healing ministry was a fulfillment of prophecy. +Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus's healing ministry was a fulfillment of prophecy. # woke him up, saying, "Save us diff --git a/mat/09/02.md b/mat/09/02.md index 9a9a869fc8..edc922a4ca 100644 --- a/mat/09/02.md +++ b/mat/09/02.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This refers to the faith of the men and may also include the faith of the paraly # Son -The man was not Jesus' real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man" or even omitted. +The man was not Jesus's real son. Jesus was speaking to him politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "My friend" or "Young man" or even omitted. # Your sins have been forgiven diff --git a/mat/09/09.md b/mat/09/09.md index 747fde8976..3150fd795b 100644 --- a/mat/09/09.md +++ b/mat/09/09.md @@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ Church tradition says that this Matthew is the author of this Gospel, but the te # He got up and followed him -"Matthew got up and followed Jesus." This means Matthew became Jesus' disciple. +"Matthew got up and followed Jesus." This means Matthew became Jesus's disciple. diff --git a/mat/09/10.md b/mat/09/10.md index de45095589..de7877519d 100644 --- a/mat/09/10.md +++ b/mat/09/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the house -This is probably Matthew's house, but it could also be Jesus' house. Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. +This is probably Matthew's house, but it could also be Jesus's house. Specify only if needed to avoid confusion. # behold diff --git a/mat/09/14.md b/mat/09/14.md index 52a3c4f93e..7d9f01bc9a 100644 --- a/mat/09/14.md +++ b/mat/09/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The disciples of John the Baptist question the fact that Jesus' disciples do not fast. +The disciples of John the Baptist question the fact that Jesus's disciples do not fast. # do not fast diff --git a/mat/09/19.md b/mat/09/19.md index 656b6874b2..8f18492c48 100644 --- a/mat/09/19.md +++ b/mat/09/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # his disciples -"Jesus' disciples" +"Jesus's disciples" diff --git a/mat/09/21.md b/mat/09/21.md index 48b254932a..28a769f254 100644 --- a/mat/09/21.md +++ b/mat/09/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # For she had said to herself, "If only I touch his clothes, I will be made well." -She said this to herself before she touched Jesus' garment. This tells why she touched Jesus' garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +She said this to herself before she touched Jesus's garment. This tells why she touched Jesus's garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # If only I touch his clothes -According to Jewish law, because she was bleeding she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus' power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +According to Jewish law, because she was bleeding she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus's power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mat/09/22.md b/mat/09/22.md index c7dab277e0..b2a4bc182c 100644 --- a/mat/09/22.md +++ b/mat/09/22.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # Daughter -The woman was not Jesus' real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. +The woman was not Jesus's real daughter. Jesus was speaking to her politely. If this is confusing, it can also be translated "Young woman" or even omitted. # your faith has made you well diff --git a/mat/09/24.md b/mat/09/24.md index 6d9f0cf780..ec7b078e0c 100644 --- a/mat/09/24.md +++ b/mat/09/24.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Jesus was speaking to many people, so use the plural command form if your langua # the girl is not dead, but she is asleep -Jesus is using a play on words. It was common in Jesus' day to refer to a dead person as one who "sleeps." But here the dead girl will get up, as though she had only been sleeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Jesus is using a play on words. It was common in Jesus's day to refer to a dead person as one who "sleeps." But here the dead girl will get up, as though she had only been sleeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/mat/09/28.md b/mat/09/28.md index ca228a7b0c..7e02fa50eb 100644 --- a/mat/09/28.md +++ b/mat/09/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # When Jesus had come into the house -This could be either Jesus' own house or the house in [Matthew 9:10](../09/10.md). +This could be either Jesus's own house or the house in [Matthew 9:10](../09/10.md). # Yes, Lord diff --git a/mat/09/35.md b/mat/09/35.md index 37e4ae7f28..f6f2f96521 100644 --- a/mat/09/35.md +++ b/mat/09/35.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md) about Jesus' healing ministry in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md) about Jesus's healing ministry in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) # all the cities diff --git a/mat/09/intro.md b/mat/09/intro.md index 7297b32c6f..aa7f25011e 100644 --- a/mat/09/intro.md +++ b/mat/09/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "Sinners" -When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +When the people of Jesus's time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/mat/10/25.md b/mat/10/25.md index bb50991b0c..bc3fcf88c1 100644 --- a/mat/10/25.md +++ b/mat/10/25.md @@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ This name can either be 1) transcribed directly as "Beelzebul" or 2) translated # his household -This is a metaphor for Jesus' disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for Jesus's disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mat/10/42.md b/mat/10/42.md index 1d01d3d466..efa3876d61 100644 --- a/mat/10/42.md +++ b/mat/10/42.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jesus finishes instructing his disciples about what they should do and expect wh # one of these little ones -"one of these lowly ones" or "the least important of these." The phrase "one of these" here refers to one of Jesus' disciples. +"one of these lowly ones" or "the least important of these." The phrase "one of these" here refers to one of Jesus's disciples. # in the name of a disciple diff --git a/mat/11/01.md b/mat/11/01.md index 73d8950df6..02f5590da9 100644 --- a/mat/11/01.md +++ b/mat/11/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Matthew tells of how Jesu # It came about that when -This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "Then when" or "After" +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus's teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "Then when" or "After" # had finished instructing diff --git a/mat/12/01.md b/mat/12/01.md index 606c71c78c..cdc7c52531 100644 --- a/mat/12/01.md +++ b/mat/12/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Matthew tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. Here, the Pharisees criticize his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. +This is the beginning of a new part of the story where Matthew tells of growing opposition to Jesus's ministry. Here, the Pharisees criticize his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. # At that time diff --git a/mat/12/18.md b/mat/12/18.md index 6e01b8cd75..1ded53e53e 100644 --- a/mat/12/18.md +++ b/mat/12/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus' ministry fulfilled scripture. +Here Matthew quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that Jesus's ministry fulfilled scripture. # See diff --git a/mat/12/41.md b/mat/12/41.md index 073678cbd4..3818476663 100644 --- a/mat/12/41.md +++ b/mat/12/41.md @@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person # than Jonah is here -You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "than Jonah is here, yet you still have not repented, which is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus's statement. Alternate translation: "than Jonah is here, yet you still have not repented, which is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mat/12/42.md b/mat/12/42.md index cd09b9050c..f7a916c528 100644 --- a/mat/12/42.md +++ b/mat/12/42.md @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Here "ends of the earth" is an idiom that means "far away." Alternate translatio # She came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon -This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn the people of Jesus' generation. Alternate translation: "For she came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) +This statement explains why the Queen of the South will condemn the people of Jesus's generation. Alternate translation: "For she came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]]) # and see @@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person # than Solomon is here -You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "than Solomon is here, yet you do not listen. That is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Jesus's statement. Alternate translation: "than Solomon is here, yet you do not listen. That is why God will condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mat/12/45.md b/mat/12/45.md index f1e0082257..0ad947fd62 100644 --- a/mat/12/45.md +++ b/mat/12/45.md @@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ Jesus finishes the parable that he began with the words "When an unclean spirit" # It will be just like that with this evil generation -This means that if the people of Jesus' generation do not believe him and become his disciples, they will be in a worse situation than they were before he came. +This means that if the people of Jesus's generation do not believe him and become his disciples, they will be in a worse situation than they were before he came. diff --git a/mat/12/46.md b/mat/12/46.md index 322fbc9d29..a89c5f8a4b 100644 --- a/mat/12/46.md +++ b/mat/12/46.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The arrival of Jesus' mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. +The arrival of Jesus's mother and brothers becomes an opportunity for him to describe his spiritual family. # behold @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ The word "behold" alerts us to a new people in the story. Your language may have # his mother -This is Mary, Jesus' human mother. +This is Mary, Jesus's human mother. # his brothers -These are probably other children born to Mary, but it is is possible that the word "brothers" here refers to Jesus' cousins. +These are probably other children born to Mary, but it is is possible that the word "brothers" here refers to Jesus's cousins. # seeking to speak diff --git a/mat/12/48.md b/mat/12/48.md index 70a1b5165f..5af6eb07ee 100644 --- a/mat/12/48.md +++ b/mat/12/48.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 12:1](../12/01.md), where Matthew tells of growing opposition to Jesus' ministry. +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 12:1](../12/01.md), where Matthew tells of growing opposition to Jesus's ministry. # who told him diff --git a/mat/12/49.md b/mat/12/49.md index 8da6f0b42a..9287a5e89a 100644 --- a/mat/12/49.md +++ b/mat/12/49.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # here are my mother and my brothers -This is a metaphor that means Jesus' disciples belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor that means Jesus's disciples belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mat/12/50.md b/mat/12/50.md index f1f96fb30a..cf435e1f0f 100644 --- a/mat/12/50.md +++ b/mat/12/50.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines- # that person is my brother, and sister, and mother -This is a metaphor meaning that those who obey God belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor meaning that those who obey God belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mat/13/14.md b/mat/13/14.md index c7b8cf9d62..2962f0a2ab 100644 --- a/mat/13/14.md +++ b/mat/13/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that the people's failure to understand Jesus' teaching is a fulfillment of prophecy. +Here Jesus quotes the prophet Isaiah to show that the people's failure to understand Jesus's teaching is a fulfillment of prophecy. # To them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, that which says diff --git a/mat/13/35.md b/mat/13/35.md index 43a7898232..c831accb12 100644 --- a/mat/13/35.md +++ b/mat/13/35.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the author quotes from the Psalms to show that Jesus' teaching in parables fulfilled prophecy. +Here the author quotes from the Psalms to show that Jesus's teaching in parables fulfilled prophecy. # what had been said through the prophet might be fulfilled, when he said diff --git a/mat/13/52.md b/mat/13/52.md index dc2409b5c1..dbcc0fe191 100644 --- a/mat/13/52.md +++ b/mat/13/52.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of he # is like a man who is the owner of a house, who draws out old and new things from his treasure -Jesus speaks another parable. He compares scribes, who know very well the scriptures that Moses and the prophets wrote, and who also now accept Jesus' teachings, to a house owner who uses both old and new treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +Jesus speaks another parable. He compares scribes, who know very well the scriptures that Moses and the prophets wrote, and who also now accept Jesus's teachings, to a house owner who uses both old and new treasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) # treasure diff --git a/mat/13/53.md b/mat/13/53.md index 564dbe01d7..dfc1ac729a 100644 --- a/mat/13/53.md +++ b/mat/13/53.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Then it came about that when -This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "Then when" or "After" +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus's teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "Then when" or "After" diff --git a/mat/13/54.md b/mat/13/54.md index 6eb7fd2cb9..6c850dc385 100644 --- a/mat/13/54.md +++ b/mat/13/54.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 17:27](../17/27.md), where Matthew tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. Here, the people of Jesus' home town reject him. +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 17:27](../17/27.md), where Matthew tells of continued opposition to Jesus's ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. Here, the people of Jesus's home town reject him. # his own region diff --git a/mat/13/56.md b/mat/13/56.md index 9f76623399..a4f790fa33 100644 --- a/mat/13/56.md +++ b/mat/13/56.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The crowd uses this question to show their understanding that Jesus must have go # all these things -This refers to Jesus' wisdom and ability to do miracles. +This refers to Jesus's wisdom and ability to do miracles. diff --git a/mat/13/57.md b/mat/13/57.md index 4bf07c3615..a701cb7b23 100644 --- a/mat/13/57.md +++ b/mat/13/57.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They were offended by him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people of Jesus' hometown took offense at him" or "The people rejected Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people of Jesus's hometown took offense at him" or "The people rejected Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # A prophet is not without honor diff --git a/mat/13/intro.md b/mat/13/intro.md index f23251955b..41a8e661b6 100644 --- a/mat/13/intro.md +++ b/mat/13/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:14-15, which are words from the Old Testament. -This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus' parables about the kingdom of heaven. +This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus's parables about the kingdom of heaven. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already underst ##### Metaphor -Speakers often use words for things that can be touched to speak of things that cannot be touched. Jesus spoke of a bird eating a seed to describe how Satan kept people from understanding Jesus' message ([Matthew 13:19](../../mat/13/19.md)). +Speakers often use words for things that can be touched to speak of things that cannot be touched. Jesus spoke of a bird eating a seed to describe how Satan kept people from understanding Jesus's message ([Matthew 13:19](../../mat/13/19.md)). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/mat/14/13.md b/mat/14/13.md index 2243279e9e..1d0797cbfb 100644 --- a/mat/14/13.md +++ b/mat/14/13.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew star # he withdrew -"he left" or "he went away from the crowd." It is implied that Jesus' disciples went with him. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"he left" or "he went away from the crowd." It is implied that Jesus's disciples went with him. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # from there diff --git a/mat/14/15.md b/mat/14/15.md index 639e977d58..d0dda21607 100644 --- a/mat/14/15.md +++ b/mat/14/15.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This begins the account of Jesus feeding five thousand people with only five sma # the disciples came to him -"Jesus' disciples came to him" +"Jesus's disciples came to him" # the hour has already gone away diff --git a/mat/14/34.md b/mat/14/34.md index 1e87f7aaac..d3fc811b6c 100644 --- a/mat/14/34.md +++ b/mat/14/34.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Matthew describes in 14:34-36 what happened after Jesus walked on the water. He summarizes how the people were responding to Jesus' ministry. +Matthew describes in 14:34-36 what happened after Jesus walked on the water. He summarizes how the people were responding to Jesus's ministry. # When they had crossed over diff --git a/mat/15/30.md b/mat/15/30.md index 60cf1e2411..53343e946a 100644 --- a/mat/15/30.md +++ b/mat/15/30.md @@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ "those who could not walk, those who could not see, those who could not talk, and those whose arms or legs did not function" -# They presented them at Jesus' feet +# They presented them at Jesus's feet Apparently some of these sick or crippled people were unable to stand up, so when their friends brought them to Jesus, they placed them on the ground in front of him. Alternate translation: "The crowds placed the sick people on the ground in front of Jesus" diff --git a/mat/15/intro.md b/mat/15/intro.md index cff09d0cbc..acae5e1bc3 100644 --- a/mat/15/intro.md +++ b/mat/15/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The "traditions of the elders" were oral laws that the Jewish religious leaders ##### Jews and Gentiles -The Jews of Jesus' time thought that only Jews could please God by the way they lived. Jesus healed a Canaanite Gentile woman's daughter to show his followers that he would accept both Jews and Gentiles as his people. +The Jews of Jesus's time thought that only Jews could please God by the way they lived. Jesus healed a Canaanite Gentile woman's daughter to show his followers that he would accept both Jews and Gentiles as his people. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/mat/17/01.md b/mat/17/01.md index c5590240e5..d821cd9a37 100644 --- a/mat/17/01.md +++ b/mat/17/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This begins the account of Jesus' transfiguration. +This begins the account of Jesus's transfiguration. # Peter, James, and John his brother diff --git a/mat/17/02.md b/mat/17/02.md index 5edb5062f4..2e752956a5 100644 --- a/mat/17/02.md +++ b/mat/17/02.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "His appearance had ch # His face shone like the sun, and his garments became as brilliant as the light -These are similes that emphasize how bright Jesus' appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +These are similes that emphasize how bright Jesus's appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # his garments diff --git a/mat/17/09.md b/mat/17/09.md index b0d5d85313..a243626666 100644 --- a/mat/17/09.md +++ b/mat/17/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The following events happen immediately after the three disciples witness Jesus' transfiguration. +The following events happen immediately after the three disciples witness Jesus's transfiguration. # As they diff --git a/mat/17/26.md b/mat/17/26.md index f0c683de1a..149ca70f5d 100644 --- a/mat/17/26.md +++ b/mat/17/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 13:54](../13/54.md), where Matthew tells of continued opposition to Jesus' ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. +This is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 13:54](../13/54.md), where Matthew tells of continued opposition to Jesus's ministry and teaching about the kingdom of heaven. # Connecting Statement: @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jesus continues to teach Peter about paying the temple tax. # "From others," Peter answered -If you translated Jesus' questions as statements in [Matthew 17:25](../17/25.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "'Yes, that is true,' Peter said" or "Peter said that he agreed with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +If you translated Jesus's questions as statements in [Matthew 17:25](../17/25.md), you may need to give an alternate response here. You could also state it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "'Yes, that is true,' Peter said" or "Peter said that he agreed with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) # From others diff --git a/mat/17/intro.md b/mat/17/intro.md index 29a5d6a929..b5629b30ca 100644 --- a/mat/17/intro.md +++ b/mat/17/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The Old Testament prophet Malachi lived many years before Jesus was born. Malach ##### "transfigured" -Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Matthew says in this chapter that Jesus' body shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Matthew says in this chapter that Jesus's body shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) ## Links: * __[Matthew 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/mat/18/intro.md b/mat/18/intro.md index 07f3afacda..7f1559f14a 100644 --- a/mat/18/intro.md +++ b/mat/18/intro.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### What should Jesus' followers do when other followers sin against them? +##### What should Jesus's followers do when other followers sin against them? -Jesus taught that his followers must treat each other well and not be angry with each other. They should forgive anyone who is sorry for his sin, even if he has committed the same sin before. If he is not sorry for his sin, Jesus' followers should speak with him alone or in a small group. If he is still not sorry after that, then Jesus' followers can treat him as guilty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Jesus taught that his followers must treat each other well and not be angry with each other. They should forgive anyone who is sorry for his sin, even if he has committed the same sin before. If he is not sorry for his sin, Jesus's followers should speak with him alone or in a small group. If he is still not sorry after that, then Jesus's followers can treat him as guilty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: * __[Matthew 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/mat/19/01.md b/mat/19/01.md index 02efe84615..ede6ab61fc 100644 --- a/mat/19/01.md +++ b/mat/19/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the beginning of a new part of the story that runs through [Matthew 22:4 # It came about that when -This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "When" or "After" +This phrase shifts the story from Jesus's teachings to what happened next. Alternate translation: "When" or "After" # had finished these words diff --git a/mat/19/08.md b/mat/19/08.md index 378277d593..c38e57efeb 100644 --- a/mat/19/08.md +++ b/mat/19/08.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The phrase "hardness of heart" is a metaphor that means "stubbornness." Alternat # your hardness ... allowed you ... your wives -Here "you" and "your" are plural. Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, but Moses gave this command many years earlier to their ancestors. Moses' command applied to all Jewish men in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" and "your" are plural. Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, but Moses gave this command many years earlier to their ancestors. Moses's command applied to all Jewish men in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # from the beginning diff --git a/mat/19/intro.md b/mat/19/intro.md index ee90b46a05..e4abb719b8 100644 --- a/mat/19/intro.md +++ b/mat/19/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Divorce -Jesus taught about divorce because the Pharisees wanted people to think Jesus' teachings about divorce were wrong ([Matthew 19:3-12](./03.md)). Jesus talked about what God had first said about marriage when he created it. +Jesus taught about divorce because the Pharisees wanted people to think Jesus's teachings about divorce were wrong ([Matthew 19:3-12](./03.md)). Jesus talked about what God had first said about marriage when he created it. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter diff --git a/mat/20/28.md b/mat/20/28.md index c681c0f845..e4237003de 100644 --- a/mat/20/28.md +++ b/mat/20/28.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: "but to se # to give his life as a ransom for many -Jesus' life being a "ransom" is a metaphor for his being punished in order to set people free from being punished for their own sins. Alternate translation: "to give his life as a substitute for many" or "to give his life as a substitute to set many free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus's life being a "ransom" is a metaphor for his being punished in order to set people free from being punished for their own sins. Alternate translation: "to give his life as a substitute for many" or "to give his life as a substitute to set many free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # to give his life diff --git a/mat/20/33.md b/mat/20/33.md index 710076c547..3a931efcc0 100644 --- a/mat/20/33.md +++ b/mat/20/33.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # that our eyes may be opened -The men speak of becoming able to see as if there eyes were to be opened. Because of Jesus' previous question, we understand that they were expressing their desire. Alternate translation: "we want you to open our eyes" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The men speak of becoming able to see as if there eyes were to be opened. Because of Jesus's previous question, we understand that they were expressing their desire. Alternate translation: "we want you to open our eyes" or "we want to be able to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) diff --git a/mat/21/01.md b/mat/21/01.md index b7c9f6c4d7..9c874f7a4b 100644 --- a/mat/21/01.md +++ b/mat/21/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. Here he gives his disciples instructions about what they are to do. +This begins the account of Jesus's entry into Jerusalem. Here he gives his disciples instructions about what they are to do. # Bethphage diff --git a/mat/21/04.md b/mat/21/04.md index 8d942cae67..04f702fde6 100644 --- a/mat/21/04.md +++ b/mat/21/04.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here the author quotes the prophet Zechariah to show that Jesus fulfilled prophe # Now -This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew explains how Jesus' actions fulfill scripture. +This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew explains how Jesus's actions fulfill scripture. # this came about that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled diff --git a/mat/21/23.md b/mat/21/23.md index 0977fce0ce..8538b376e9 100644 --- a/mat/21/23.md +++ b/mat/21/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus' authority. +This begins the account of the religious leaders questioning Jesus's authority. # had come into the temple diff --git a/mat/21/45.md b/mat/21/45.md index f25ae80e0f..090a9ad28d 100644 --- a/mat/21/45.md +++ b/mat/21/45.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The religious leaders react to the parable that Jesus told. # his parables -"Jesus' parables" +"Jesus's parables" diff --git a/mat/23/02.md b/mat/23/02.md index bc9b078f82..06179da68a 100644 --- a/mat/23/02.md +++ b/mat/23/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# sit in Moses' seat +# sit in Moses's seat Here "seat" represents the authority to rule and make judgments. Alternate translation: "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the law of Moses means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mat/23/08.md b/mat/23/08.md index da359a407f..0e8ec9ccf8 100644 --- a/mat/23/08.md +++ b/mat/23/08.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But you must not let # you -All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to all of Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +All occurrences of "you" are plural and refer to all of Jesus's followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # you are brothers diff --git a/mat/23/11.md b/mat/23/11.md index c10cbb108d..5af15fe382 100644 --- a/mat/23/11.md +++ b/mat/23/11.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # among you -Here "you" is plural and refers to Jesus' followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to Jesus's followers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/mat/23/37.md b/mat/23/37.md index 1a91c3a6d5..f330bd330b 100644 --- a/mat/23/37.md +++ b/mat/23/37.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Jesus is speaking to Jerusalem as if it is a woman and the people are her childr # just as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings -This is a simile that emphasizes Jesus' love for the people and how he wanted to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This is a simile that emphasizes Jesus's love for the people and how he wanted to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # hen diff --git a/mat/24/28.md b/mat/24/28.md index f237d3e246..994178965c 100644 --- a/mat/24/28.md +++ b/mat/24/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Wherever a dead animal is, there the vultures will gather -This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus' time understood. Possible meanings are 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) +This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus's time understood. Possible meanings are 1) when the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come, or 2) wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) # vultures diff --git a/mat/26/01.md b/mat/26/01.md index b52f90db38..c4507e8cbf 100644 --- a/mat/26/01.md +++ b/mat/26/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -This is the beginning of a new part of the story that tells of Jesus' crucifixion, death, and resurrection. Here he tells his disciples how he will suffer and die. +This is the beginning of a new part of the story that tells of Jesus's crucifixion, death, and resurrection. Here he tells his disciples how he will suffer and die. # It came about that when -"After" or "Then, after." This phrase shifts the story from Jesus' teachings to what happened next. +"After" or "Then, after." This phrase shifts the story from Jesus's teachings to what happened next. # all these words diff --git a/mat/26/22.md b/mat/26/22.md index 8f2323797c..944164658b 100644 --- a/mat/26/22.md +++ b/mat/26/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Surely not I, Lord? -"I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. Alternate translation: "Lord, I would never betray you!" or 2) this was a sincere question since Jesus' statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +"I am surely not the one, am I, Lord?" Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question since the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. Alternate translation: "Lord, I would never betray you!" or 2) this was a sincere question since Jesus's statement probably troubled and confused them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mat/26/57.md b/mat/26/57.md index 8bb076d67f..79ef3c212a 100644 --- a/mat/26/57.md +++ b/mat/26/57.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of Jesus' trial before the council of Jewish religious leaders. +This begins the account of Jesus's trial before the council of Jewish religious leaders. diff --git a/mat/26/64.md b/mat/26/64.md index 2a15fd7f0a..a2e8bfe21d 100644 --- a/mat/26/64.md +++ b/mat/26/64.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Here "you" is plural. Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other pers # from now on you will see the Son of Man -Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "from now on" is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or 2) the phrase "from now on" means that from the time of Jesus' trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious. +Possible meanings are 1) the phrase "from now on" is an idiom that means they will see the Son of Man in his power at some time in the future or 2) the phrase "from now on" means that from the time of Jesus's trial and onward, Jesus is showing himself to be the Messiah who is powerful and victorious. # the Son of Man diff --git a/mat/26/65.md b/mat/26/65.md index a6f93d5f55..0fda8576f2 100644 --- a/mat/26/65.md +++ b/mat/26/65.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Tearing clothing was a sign of anger and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/transla # He has spoken blasphemy -The reason the high priest called Jesus' statement blasphemy is probably that he understood Jesus' words in [Matthew 26:64](../26/64.md) as a claim to be equal with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The reason the high priest called Jesus's statement blasphemy is probably that he understood Jesus's words in [Matthew 26:64](../26/64.md) as a claim to be equal with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # Why do we still need witnesses? diff --git a/mat/26/69.md b/mat/26/69.md index dc1fdb873d..45531fd72d 100644 --- a/mat/26/69.md +++ b/mat/26/69.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -These events happen at the same time as Jesus' trial before the religious leaders. +These events happen at the same time as Jesus's trial before the religious leaders. # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/mat/26/intro.md b/mat/26/intro.md index 0e82f97817..f39cad7876 100644 --- a/mat/26/intro.md +++ b/mat/26/intro.md @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ Sheep are a common image used in Scripture to refer to the people of Israel. In The Passover festival was when the Jews would celebrate the day God killed the firstborn sons of the Egyptians but "passed over" the Israelites and let them live. ##### The eating of the body and blood -[Matthew 26:26-28](./26.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist", or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. +[Matthew 26:26-28](./26.md) describes Jesus's last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist", or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter -##### Judas' kiss for Jesus +##### Judas's kiss for Jesus [Matthew 26:49](../../mat/26/49.md) describes how Judas kissed Jesus so the soldiers would know whom to arrest. The Jews would kiss each other when they greeted each other. ##### "I am able to destroy the temple of God" diff --git a/mat/27/01.md b/mat/27/01.md index 38dbb4de6f..24be5c059b 100644 --- a/mat/27/01.md +++ b/mat/27/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of Jesus' trial before Pilate. +This begins the account of Jesus's trial before Pilate. # Now diff --git a/mat/27/03.md b/mat/27/03.md index 365594806e..424ff649b0 100644 --- a/mat/27/03.md +++ b/mat/27/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -This event happened after Jesus' trial in front of the council of Jewish religious leaders, but we do not know if it happened before or during Jesus' trial before Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) +This event happened after Jesus's trial in front of the council of Jewish religious leaders, but we do not know if it happened before or during Jesus's trial before Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) # Connecting Statement: -The author has stopped telling the story of Jesus' trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. +The author has stopped telling the story of Jesus's trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. # Then when Judas diff --git a/mat/27/09.md b/mat/27/09.md index 5ea4eb7235..226a18f05c 100644 --- a/mat/27/09.md +++ b/mat/27/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The author quotes Old Testament scripture to show that Judas' suicide was a fulfillment of prophecy. +The author quotes Old Testament scripture to show that Judas's suicide was a fulfillment of prophecy. # Then that which had been spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled diff --git a/mat/27/11.md b/mat/27/11.md index fe449ae39b..b8d05fb8ac 100644 --- a/mat/27/11.md +++ b/mat/27/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This continues the story of Jesus' trial before Pilate, which began in [Matthew 27:2](../27/02.md). +This continues the story of Jesus's trial before Pilate, which began in [Matthew 27:2](../27/02.md). # Now diff --git a/mat/27/24.md b/mat/27/24.md index 703242cb3c..bdda0ab20c 100644 --- a/mat/27/24.md +++ b/mat/27/24.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # washed his hands in front of the crowd -Pilate does this as a sign that he is not responsible for Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +Pilate does this as a sign that he is not responsible for Jesus's death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) # the blood diff --git a/mat/27/27.md b/mat/27/27.md index 3460cd226f..6af9755746 100644 --- a/mat/27/27.md +++ b/mat/27/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of Jesus' crucifixion and death. +This begins the account of Jesus's crucifixion and death. # company of soldiers diff --git a/mat/27/32.md b/mat/27/32.md index 0009fdadca..b408c6aaa8 100644 --- a/mat/27/32.md +++ b/mat/27/32.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This means Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city. Alternate translation: " # whom they forced to go with them so that he might carry his cross -"whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus' cross" +"whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus's cross" diff --git a/mat/27/57.md b/mat/27/57.md index 02575bb833..def1296b8a 100644 --- a/mat/27/57.md +++ b/mat/27/57.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of Jesus' burial. +This begins the account of Jesus's burial. # Arimathea diff --git a/mat/28/10.md b/mat/28/10.md index cc70851556..7e77df25f2 100644 --- a/mat/28/10.md +++ b/mat/28/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # my brothers -This refers to Jesus' disciples. +This refers to Jesus's disciples. diff --git a/mat/28/11.md b/mat/28/11.md index 3267eefe95..0faa648c33 100644 --- a/mat/28/11.md +++ b/mat/28/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -This begins the account of the reaction of the Jewish religious leaders when they heard of Jesus' resurrection. +This begins the account of the reaction of the Jewish religious leaders when they heard of Jesus's resurrection. # Now diff --git a/mat/28/13.md b/mat/28/13.md index 9d033d925c..b2d2f9e0fe 100644 --- a/mat/28/13.md +++ b/mat/28/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Say to others, 'Jesus' disciples came ... while we were sleeping.' +# Say to others, 'Jesus's disciples came ... while we were sleeping.' -If your language does not allow quotations within quotations you may translate this as a single quote. Alternate translation: "Tell others that Jesus' disciples came ... while you were sleeping." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +If your language does not allow quotations within quotations you may translate this as a single quote. Alternate translation: "Tell others that Jesus's disciples came ... while you were sleeping." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/mat/28/14.md b/mat/28/14.md index 7443bbb228..04885b1842 100644 --- a/mat/28/14.md +++ b/mat/28/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # If this report reaches the governor -"If the governor hears that you were asleep when Jesus' disciples took his body" +"If the governor hears that you were asleep when Jesus's disciples took his body" # the governor diff --git a/mat/28/intro.md b/mat/28/intro.md index 9395f23ca2..f4a114603d 100644 --- a/mat/28/intro.md +++ b/mat/28/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The last two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./19.md)) are commonly known as "The Gre ##### An angel of the Lord -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked human. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus's tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked human. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) ## Links: diff --git a/mat/front/intro.md b/mat/front/intro.md index f23c9940a4..d311b11fdd 100644 --- a/mat/front/intro.md +++ b/mat/front/intro.md @@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ #### Outline of the Book of Matthew 1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1––4:25) -1. Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (5:1––7:28) +1. Jesus's Sermon on the Mount (5:1––7:28) 1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1––9:34) -1. Jesus' teaching about mission and the kingdom (9:35––10:42) -1. Jesus' teaching about the gospel of the kingdom of God. The beginning of opposition to Jesus. (11:1––12:50) -1. Jesus' parables about the kingdom of God (13:1––52) +1. Jesus's teaching about mission and the kingdom (9:35––10:42) +1. Jesus's teaching about the gospel of the kingdom of God. The beginning of opposition to Jesus. (11:1––12:50) +1. Jesus's parables about the kingdom of God (13:1––52) 1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53––17:57) -1. Jesus' teaching about life in the kingdom of God (18:1––35) +1. Jesus's teaching about life in the kingdom of God (18:1––35) 1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1––22:46) -1. Jesus' teaching about the final judgment and salvation (23:1––25:46) +1. Jesus's teaching about the final judgment and salvation (23:1––25:46) 1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1––28:19) #### What is the book of Matthew about? @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ The book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian ti Matthew spoke of the kingdom of heaven in the same way that other gospel writers spoke of the kingdom of God. The kingdom of heaven represents God ruling over all people and all creation everywhere. Those whom God accepts into his kingdom will be blessed. They will live with God forever. -#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? +#### What were Jesus's teaching methods? The people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God's law. Jesus taught in ways similiar to other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/parable]]) @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The texts are considered "parallel" when they are the same or almost the same am In the gospels, Jesus calls himself the "Son of Man." It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In this passage there is a person described as a "son of man." That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. And all the people will worship him forever. -Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jews of Jesus's time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title. diff --git a/mrk/01/02.md b/mrk/01/02.md index cb5f3ee187..7713f2e4aa 100644 --- a/mrk/01/02.md +++ b/mrk/01/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is an idiom that means "ahead of you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/fig # your face ... your way -Here the word "your" refers to Jesus and is singular. When you translate this, use the pronoun "your" because this is a quote from a prophet, and he did not use Jesus' name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +Here the word "your" refers to Jesus and is singular. When you translate this, use the pronoun "your" because this is a quote from a prophet, and he did not use Jesus's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # the one diff --git a/mrk/01/12.md b/mrk/01/12.md index e12b04a186..cb9c717322 100644 --- a/mrk/01/12.md +++ b/mrk/01/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -After Jesus' baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples. +After Jesus's baptism, he is in the wilderness for 40 days and then goes to Galilee to teach and call his disciples. # compelled him to go out diff --git a/mrk/02/16.md b/mrk/02/16.md index a96e7373fb..f975e4bf46 100644 --- a/mrk/02/16.md +++ b/mrk/02/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners? -The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus' hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: "He should not eat with tax collectors and sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus's hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: "He should not eat with tax collectors and sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mrk/02/intro.md b/mrk/02/intro.md index 4a9e013f83..2783c29c23 100644 --- a/mrk/02/intro.md +++ b/mrk/02/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "Sinners" -When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +When the people of Jesus's time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Fasting and Feasting diff --git a/mrk/03/21.md b/mrk/03/21.md index fb594b106a..0f65889e20 100644 --- a/mrk/03/21.md +++ b/mrk/03/21.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Possible meanings for the word "they" are 1) his relatives or 2) some people in # out of his mind -Jesus' family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. Alternate translation: "crazy" or "insane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jesus's family uses this idiom to describe how they think he is acting. Alternate translation: "crazy" or "insane" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/mrk/03/31.md b/mrk/03/31.md index 78209b745b..40bbb41fc4 100644 --- a/mrk/03/31.md +++ b/mrk/03/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Then his mother and his brothers came -"Then Jesus' mother and brothers came" +"Then Jesus's mother and brothers came" # They sent for him, summoning him diff --git a/mrk/03/34.md b/mrk/03/34.md index 2fb9ac468d..54b32f49e6 100644 --- a/mrk/03/34.md +++ b/mrk/03/34.md @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ # here are my mother and my brothers -This is a metaphor that means Jesus' disciples belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor that means Jesus's disciples belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mrk/03/35.md b/mrk/03/35.md index a5fe87bfdb..52a94782e3 100644 --- a/mrk/03/35.md +++ b/mrk/03/35.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # that person is my brother, and sister, and mother -This is a metaphor that means Jesus' disciples belong to Jesus' spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. Alternate translation: "that person is like a brother, sister, or mother to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor that means Jesus's disciples belong to Jesus's spiritual family. This is more important than belonging to his physical family. Alternate translation: "that person is like a brother, sister, or mother to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/mrk/04/11.md b/mrk/04/11.md index 002831b1d2..6f1414993a 100644 --- a/mrk/04/11.md +++ b/mrk/04/11.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. "God has given you" or "I have given you" (Se # to those outside -"to those outside our group" or "to those who are not among us." This refers to all the other people who were not among the twelve or Jesus' other close followers. +"to those outside our group" or "to those who are not among us." This refers to all the other people who were not among the twelve or Jesus's other close followers. # everything is in parables diff --git a/mrk/05/24.md b/mrk/05/24.md index b2710f2afe..beca243ee4 100644 --- a/mrk/05/24.md +++ b/mrk/05/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # So he went with him -"So Jesus went with Jairus." Jesus' disciples also went with him. Alternate translation: "So Jesus and the disciples went with Jairus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"So Jesus went with Jairus." Jesus's disciples also went with him. Alternate translation: "So Jesus and the disciples went with Jairus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # pressed close around him diff --git a/mrk/05/37.md b/mrk/05/37.md index 0a676157c2..b9557057bc 100644 --- a/mrk/05/37.md +++ b/mrk/05/37.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus' disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # He did not permit anyone to accompany him except Peter ... James diff --git a/mrk/05/38.md b/mrk/05/38.md index e496ca515f..aed1f7238b 100644 --- a/mrk/05/38.md +++ b/mrk/05/38.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus' disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +In verses 37 and 38, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # he saw diff --git a/mrk/06/08.md b/mrk/06/08.md index 02df84abfa..b6f227e731 100644 --- a/mrk/06/08.md +++ b/mrk/06/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Jesus' instructions in verses 8 and 9 can be reordered to separate what he told the disciples to do from what he told them not to do, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +Jesus's instructions in verses 8 and 9 can be reordered to separate what he told the disciples to do from what he told them not to do, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # to take nothing for their journey, except a staff diff --git a/mrk/06/14.md b/mrk/06/14.md index 7d5b56ce2c..08a560f4e5 100644 --- a/mrk/06/14.md +++ b/mrk/06/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -When Herod hears about Jesus' miracles, he worries, thinking that someone has raised John the Baptist from the dead. (Herod had caused John the Baptist to be killed.) +When Herod hears about Jesus's miracles, he worries, thinking that someone has raised John the Baptist from the dead. (Herod had caused John the Baptist to be killed.) # King Herod heard this diff --git a/mrk/06/17.md b/mrk/06/17.md index 04208ed0d5..e367bd96cb 100644 --- a/mrk/06/17.md +++ b/mrk/06/17.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Herod sent his soldie # his brother Philip's wife -"the wife of his brother Philip." Herod's brother Philip is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus' twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +"the wife of his brother Philip." Herod's brother Philip is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus's twelve disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # because he had married her diff --git a/mrk/06/22.md b/mrk/06/22.md index b3f1543240..2856af7b7d 100644 --- a/mrk/06/22.md +++ b/mrk/06/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Herodias herself -The word "herself" is a reflexive pronoun used to emphasize that it was significant that it was Herodias' own daughter who danced at the dinner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "herself" is a reflexive pronoun used to emphasize that it was significant that it was Herodias's own daughter who danced at the dinner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) # came in diff --git a/mrk/06/56.md b/mrk/06/56.md index e90fa1ce4a..79d946e198 100644 --- a/mrk/06/56.md +++ b/mrk/06/56.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # they would put -Here "they" refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus' disciples. +Here "they" refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus's disciples. # the sick diff --git a/mrk/07/02.md b/mrk/07/02.md index fe3916809a..a59b90cf7b 100644 --- a/mrk/07/02.md +++ b/mrk/07/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verses verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus' disciples did not wash their hands before eating. This information can be reordered in order to make it easier to understand, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +In verses verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. This information can be reordered in order to make it easier to understand, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # They saw diff --git a/mrk/07/03.md b/mrk/07/03.md index 8f37558c3b..fed0a6b1a3 100644 --- a/mrk/07/03.md +++ b/mrk/07/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus' disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +In verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # elders diff --git a/mrk/07/04.md b/mrk/07/04.md index 75737fb922..013526d7df 100644 --- a/mrk/07/04.md +++ b/mrk/07/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus' disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) +In verses 3 and 4, the author gives background information about the Pharisees' washing traditions in order to show why the Pharisees were bothered that Jesus's disciples did not wash their hands before eating. If you need to reorder the events in these verses, it may be helpful to use a verse bridge, as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) # copper vessels diff --git a/mrk/07/05.md b/mrk/07/05.md index f26b139fab..dcde62162a 100644 --- a/mrk/07/05.md +++ b/mrk/07/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands? -"Walk in" here is a metaphor for "obey." The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to challenge Jesus' authority. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your disciples should not disobey the traditions of our elders by eating their bread with unwashed hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"Walk in" here is a metaphor for "obey." The Pharisees and scribes asked this question to challenge Jesus's authority. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your disciples should not disobey the traditions of our elders by eating their bread with unwashed hands." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # bread diff --git a/mrk/08/11.md b/mrk/08/11.md index 4913cfe744..4f2d16df36 100644 --- a/mrk/08/11.md +++ b/mrk/08/11.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ In Dalmanutha, Jesus refuses to give the Pharisees a sign before he and his disc # a sign from heaven -They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus' power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word "heaven" is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: "a sign from God" or 2) the word "heaven" refers to the sky. Alternate translation: "a sign from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus's power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word "heaven" is a metonym for God. Alternate translation: "a sign from God" or 2) the word "heaven" refers to the sky. Alternate translation: "a sign from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # to test him diff --git a/mrk/08/12.md b/mrk/08/12.md index b07317dc9a..72adb3347d 100644 --- a/mrk/08/12.md +++ b/mrk/08/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # He sighed deeply in his spirit -This means that he groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard. It probably shows Jesus' deep sadness that the Pharisees refused to believe him. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/34.md). +This means that he groaned or that he let out a long deep breath that could be heard. It probably shows Jesus's deep sadness that the Pharisees refused to believe him. See how you translated this in [Mark 7:34](../07/34.md). # in his spirit diff --git a/mrk/08/13.md b/mrk/08/13.md index bbdfe8e6fe..34ea198f82 100644 --- a/mrk/08/13.md +++ b/mrk/08/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # he left them, got into a boat again -Jesus' disciples went with him. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "he left them, got into a boat again with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's disciples went with him. Some information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "he left them, got into a boat again with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # to the other side diff --git a/mrk/08/28.md b/mrk/08/28.md index fc52b7a00b..cc36893a9e 100644 --- a/mrk/08/28.md +++ b/mrk/08/28.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The disciples answer that this was who some people said Jesus was. This can be s # Others say ... others -The word "others" refers to other people. This refers to their responses to Jesus' question. Alternate translation: "Other people say you are ... other people say you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The word "others" refers to other people. This refers to their responses to Jesus's question. Alternate translation: "Other people say you are ... other people say you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) diff --git a/mrk/09/03.md b/mrk/09/03.md index 01e7a5e4c2..08824614a6 100644 --- a/mrk/09/03.md +++ b/mrk/09/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # radiantly brilliant -"shining" or "glowing." Jesus' garments were so white they were emitting or giving off light. +"shining" or "glowing." Jesus's garments were so white they were emitting or giving off light. # extremely diff --git a/mrk/09/38.md b/mrk/09/38.md index a62b93b0ea..5c64ed814d 100644 --- a/mrk/09/38.md +++ b/mrk/09/38.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # in your name -Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. Alternate translation: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" is associated with Jesus's authority and power. Alternate translation: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # he does not follow us diff --git a/mrk/09/intro.md b/mrk/09/intro.md index 15d2b89ce2..023014870d 100644 --- a/mrk/09/intro.md +++ b/mrk/09/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "transfigured" -Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Mark says in this chapter that Jesus' clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Mark says in this chapter that Jesus's clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter diff --git a/mrk/10/01.md b/mrk/10/01.md index 76f6a9a6e7..2e0ec10bfa 100644 --- a/mrk/10/01.md +++ b/mrk/10/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ After Jesus and his disciples leave Capernaum, Jesus reminds the Pharisees, as w # Jesus left that place -Jesus' disciples were traveling with him. They were leaving Capernaum. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples left Capernaum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's disciples were traveling with him. They were leaving Capernaum. Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples left Capernaum" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # and to the area beyond the Jordan River diff --git a/mrk/10/05.md b/mrk/10/05.md index f46096477f..af5b227670 100644 --- a/mrk/10/05.md +++ b/mrk/10/05.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ In some languages speakers do not interrupt a quote to say who is speaking. Rath # because of your hard hearts that he wrote you this law -Long before this time, Moses wrote this law for the Jews and their descendants because they had hard hearts. The Jews of Jesus' time also had hard hearts, so Jesus included them by using the words "your" and "you." Alternate translation: "because your ancestors had hard hearts like yours that he wrote this law" +Long before this time, Moses wrote this law for the Jews and their descendants because they had hard hearts. The Jews of Jesus's time also had hard hearts, so Jesus included them by using the words "your" and "you." Alternate translation: "because your ancestors had hard hearts like yours that he wrote this law" # your hard hearts diff --git a/mrk/10/10.md b/mrk/10/10.md index 68d1fac0d1..d759983b56 100644 --- a/mrk/10/10.md +++ b/mrk/10/10.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # were in the house -Jesus' disciples were speaking to him privately. Alternate translation: were alone in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's disciples were speaking to him privately. Alternate translation: were alone in the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # asked him again about this diff --git a/mrk/10/41.md b/mrk/10/41.md index ca54ca2342..bfabe2d332 100644 --- a/mrk/10/41.md +++ b/mrk/10/41.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # heard about this -The word "this" refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus' right and left hands. +The word "this" refers to James and John asking to sit at Jesus's right and left hands. diff --git a/mrk/10/intro.md b/mrk/10/intro.md index 00a8219952..551d5b499c 100644 --- a/mrk/10/intro.md +++ b/mrk/10/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### Jesus' teaching about divorce +##### Jesus's teaching about divorce The Pharisees wanted to find a way to make Jesus say that it is good to break the law of Moses, so they asked him about divorce. Jesus tells how God originally designed marriage to show that the Pharisees taught wrongly about divorce. diff --git a/mrk/11/28.md b/mrk/11/28.md index 212f97d2ec..58bcfddf51 100644 --- a/mrk/11/28.md +++ b/mrk/11/28.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The word "They" refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. # By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them? -Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus' authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus's authority and so can be combined. Alternate translation: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) # you do these things diff --git a/mrk/12/19.md b/mrk/12/19.md index 727f4c38c7..43ab2a9440 100644 --- a/mrk/12/19.md +++ b/mrk/12/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Moses wrote for us, 'If a man's brother dies ... brother.' -The Sadducees are quoting what Moses had written in the law. Moses' quote can be expressed as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies ... brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +The Sadducees are quoting what Moses had written in the law. Moses's quote can be expressed as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies ... brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) # wrote for us diff --git a/mrk/13/14.md b/mrk/13/14.md index 061afa6800..d35fe95ef9 100644 --- a/mrk/13/14.md +++ b/mrk/13/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the abomination of desolation -This phrase is from the book of Daniel. Jesus' audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. Alternate translation: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This phrase is from the book of Daniel. Jesus's audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. Alternate translation: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # standing where it should not be standing -Jesus' audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "standing in the temple, where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus's audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "standing in the temple, where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # let the reader understand diff --git a/mrk/14/03.md b/mrk/14/03.md index c2bd9b70ce..28ede3654e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/03.md +++ b/mrk/14/03.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This man previously had leprosy but was no longer ill. This is a different man t # he was reclining at the table -In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they reclined on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. +In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they reclined on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. # alabaster jar @@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ This is a jar made from alabaster. Alabaster is a very expensive yellow-white st # on his head -"on Jesus' head" +"on Jesus's head" diff --git a/mrk/14/18.md b/mrk/14/18.md index 410f0ecee7..6b0734e4c2 100644 --- a/mrk/14/18.md +++ b/mrk/14/18.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # lying down at the table -In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. +In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. # Truly I say to you diff --git a/mrk/14/20.md b/mrk/14/20.md index 18394e1aec..64f5f30714 100644 --- a/mrk/14/20.md +++ b/mrk/14/20.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # dipping bread with me in the bowl -In Jesus' culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs. +In Jesus's culture, people would often eat bread, dipping it in a shared bowl of sauce or of oil mixed with herbs. diff --git a/mrk/14/22.md b/mrk/14/22.md index 37c456df5b..ffe02ef18e 100644 --- a/mrk/14/22.md +++ b/mrk/14/22.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. Alternate # Take this. This is my body -"Take this bread. It is my body." Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus' body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +"Take this bread. It is my body." Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus's body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) diff --git a/mrk/14/24.md b/mrk/14/24.md index ccd37d089a..3507047a2c 100644 --- a/mrk/14/24.md +++ b/mrk/14/24.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The covenant is for the forgiveness of sins. This can be written more explicitly # This is my blood -"This wine is my blood." Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus' blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +"This wine is my blood." Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus's blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) diff --git a/mrk/14/35.md b/mrk/14/35.md index a342c9fa8f..b49fe84915 100644 --- a/mrk/14/35.md +++ b/mrk/14/35.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This means that if God would allow it to happen. Alternate translation: "if God # the hour might pass -Here "this hour" refers to Jesus' time of suffering, both now in the garden and later. Alternate translation: "that he would not have to go through this time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Here "this hour" refers to Jesus's time of suffering, both now in the garden and later. Alternate translation: "that he would not have to go through this time of suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mrk/14/41.md b/mrk/14/41.md index 5db0abf442..3726f8a514 100644 --- a/mrk/14/41.md +++ b/mrk/14/41.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jesus rebukes his disciples for not staying awake and praying. You can translate # The hour has come -The time of Jesus' suffering and betrayal is about to begin. +The time of Jesus's suffering and betrayal is about to begin. # Look! diff --git a/mrk/14/69.md b/mrk/14/69.md index a29c92dfd0..fa78b52074 100644 --- a/mrk/14/69.md +++ b/mrk/14/69.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is the same servant girl who identified Peter previously. # one of them -The people were identifying Peter as one of Jesus' disciples. This can be made clearer. Alternate translation: "one of Jesus' disciples" or "one of those who have been with that man they arrested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The people were identifying Peter as one of Jesus's disciples. This can be made clearer. Alternate translation: "one of Jesus's disciples" or "one of those who have been with that man they arrested" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mrk/14/intro.md b/mrk/14/intro.md index 08cf5cb47e..997b560ef7 100644 --- a/mrk/14/intro.md +++ b/mrk/14/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### The eating of the body and blood -[Mark 14:22-25](./22.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist," or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. +[Mark 14:22-25](./22.md) describes Jesus's last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist," or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter diff --git a/mrk/15/10.md b/mrk/15/10.md index 8936c4f82f..02166f08b1 100644 --- a/mrk/15/10.md +++ b/mrk/15/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is background information about why Jesus was handed over to Pilate. (See: # it was because of envy that the chief priests -They envied Jesus, probably because so many people were following him and becoming his disciples. Alternate translation: "the chief priests were envious of Jesus. This is why they" or "the chief priests were envious of Jesus' popularity among the people. This is why they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +They envied Jesus, probably because so many people were following him and becoming his disciples. Alternate translation: "the chief priests were envious of Jesus. This is why they" or "the chief priests were envious of Jesus's popularity among the people. This is why they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mrk/15/12.md b/mrk/15/12.md index d834d8a78d..cb653989dc 100644 --- a/mrk/15/12.md +++ b/mrk/15/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -The crowd asks for Jesus' death, so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers, who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him. +The crowd asks for Jesus's death, so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers, who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him. # What then should I do with the King of the Jews diff --git a/mrk/15/21.md b/mrk/15/21.md index 382782faf2..d58a288ef0 100644 --- a/mrk/15/21.md +++ b/mrk/15/21.md @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # he was the father of Alexander and Rufus -This is background information about the man whom the soldiers forced to carry Jesus' cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +This is background information about the man whom the soldiers forced to carry Jesus's cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # they forced him to carry his cross -According to Roman law, a solider could force a man he came upon along the road to carry a load. In this case, they forced Simon to carry Jesus' cross. +According to Roman law, a solider could force a man he came upon along the road to carry a load. In this case, they forced Simon to carry Jesus's cross. diff --git a/mrk/15/26.md b/mrk/15/26.md index 2dc7863fce..50a4f2ded1 100644 --- a/mrk/15/26.md +++ b/mrk/15/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # On a sign -The soldiers attached this sign to the cross above Jesus. Alternate translation: "They attached to the cross above Jesus' head a sign on which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The soldiers attached this sign to the cross above Jesus. Alternate translation: "They attached to the cross above Jesus's head a sign on which" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # the charge against him diff --git a/mrk/15/45.md b/mrk/15/45.md index 3d1c8eec50..843eddf04b 100644 --- a/mrk/15/45.md +++ b/mrk/15/45.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # he gave the body to Joseph -"he permitted Joseph to take Jesus' body" +"he permitted Joseph to take Jesus's body" diff --git a/mrk/15/46.md b/mrk/15/46.md index 25cee9f1b2..5f15530657 100644 --- a/mrk/15/46.md +++ b/mrk/15/46.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Linen is cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant. See how you translated this # He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone -You may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus' body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. Alternate translation: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +You may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus's body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. Alternate translation: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # a tomb that had been cut out of a rock diff --git a/mrk/15/47.md b/mrk/15/47.md index d33ce7c953..ca17085c1f 100644 --- a/mrk/15/47.md +++ b/mrk/15/47.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This Joses was not that same person as the younger brother of Jesus. See how you # the place where Jesus was buried -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the place where Joseph and the others buried Jesus' body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the place where Joseph and the others buried Jesus's body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/mrk/15/intro.md b/mrk/15/intro.md index bbf5547d84..1bb2853fcc 100644 --- a/mrk/15/intro.md +++ b/mrk/15/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" -The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus' people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins. +The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus's people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins. ##### The tomb diff --git a/mrk/16/01.md b/mrk/16/01.md index 72832d1980..6eceac6124 100644 --- a/mrk/16/01.md +++ b/mrk/16/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices to anoint Jesus' body. They are surprised to see a young man who tells them Jesus is alive, but they are afraid and do not tell anyone. +On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices to anoint Jesus's body. They are surprised to see a young man who tells them Jesus is alive, but they are afraid and do not tell anyone. # When the Sabbath day was over diff --git a/mrk/16/14.md b/mrk/16/14.md index 1349ead9bd..aa5f47712e 100644 --- a/mrk/16/14.md +++ b/mrk/16/14.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate mea # reclining -In Jesus' culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. +In Jesus's culture, when people gathered to eat, they lay down on their sides, propping themselves up on pillows beside a low table. # hardness of heart diff --git a/mrk/16/17.md b/mrk/16/17.md index 5337d03725..fd62ca3591 100644 --- a/mrk/16/17.md +++ b/mrk/16/17.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is giving a general list: "In my name they will d # In my name -Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). Alternate translation: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" is associated with Jesus's authority and power. See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). Alternate translation: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mrk/16/intro.md b/mrk/16/intro.md index 1269fc969d..5fe265b01f 100644 --- a/mrk/16/intro.md +++ b/mrk/16/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](../../mrk/15/46.md)) was the ki ##### A young man dressed in a white robe -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus's tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md)) ## Links: diff --git a/mrk/front/intro.md b/mrk/front/intro.md index e2d24ec08c..8baf6cb7db 100644 --- a/mrk/front/intro.md +++ b/mrk/front/intro.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian ti ## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts -#### What were Jesus' teaching methods? +#### What were Jesus's teaching methods? The people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God's law. Jesus taught in ways similar to those of other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/parable]]) @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The texts are considered "parallel" when they are the same or almost the same am In the gospels, Jesus calls himself the "Son of Man." It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In this passage there is a person described as a "son of man." That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. And all the people will worship him forever. -Jews of Jesus' time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jews of Jesus's time did not use "Son of Man" as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as "The Human One." It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title. diff --git a/num/11/10.md b/num/11/10.md index 9ea2e33eef..fc207625b0 100644 --- a/num/11/10.md +++ b/num/11/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# in Moses' eyes +# in Moses's eyes -he eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in Moses' opinion" or "in Moses' judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +he eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in Moses's opinion" or "in Moses's judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/num/12/03.md b/num/12/03.md index 689cc432ef..f11a01617b 100644 --- a/num/12/03.md +++ b/num/12/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Now the man Moses -"Now" is used to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +"Now" is used to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about Moses's character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/num/20/intro.md b/num/20/intro.md index 9d0c212c8e..0d1a308a37 100644 --- a/num/20/intro.md +++ b/num/20/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter -##### Moses' sin +##### Moses's sin God told Moses to command water to come out of a rock for the people who were complaining that they had no water. Moses became angry with the people and hit the rock twice. God told him that he and Aaron would not be allowed to go into Canaan because he disobeyed by hitting the rock instead of just speaking to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) diff --git a/rev/01/07.md b/rev/01/07.md index aeaa203a3e..5412755a9e 100644 --- a/rev/01/07.md +++ b/rev/01/07.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Since people see with the eyes, the word "eye" is used to refer to people. Alter # pierced him -Jesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate translation: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus's hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate translation: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # pierced diff --git a/rev/22/20.md b/rev/22/20.md index 9e46f54263..1f287530d2 100644 --- a/rev/22/20.md +++ b/rev/22/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In these verses John gives his and Jesus' closing greetings. +In these verses John gives his and Jesus's closing greetings. # The one who testifies to these things says diff --git a/rev/front/intro.md b/rev/front/intro.md index fa617cc441..f9aeb528a7 100644 --- a/rev/front/intro.md +++ b/rev/front/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ 1. Worship in heaven (19:1-10) 1. The Lamb's judgment, the destruction of the beast, the thousand years, the destruction of Satan, and the final judgment (20:11-15) 1. The new creation and the new Jerusalem (21:1-22:5) -1. Jesus' promise to return, the witness from the angels, John's closing words, Christ's message to his church, and the invitation and the warning (22:6-21) +1. Jesus's promise to return, the witness from the angels, John's closing words, Christ's message to his church, and the invitation and the warning (22:6-21) #### Who wrote the Book of Revelation? diff --git a/rom/01/intro.md b/rom/01/intro.md index f8c37399eb..45170b7ed8 100644 --- a/rom/01/intro.md +++ b/rom/01/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The first verse is a type of introduction. People in the ancient Mediterranean r #### Special concepts in this chapter ##### The gospel -When Paul writes of "the gospel" in this chapter (verses 1, 2, 9, 15, 16, 17), he is referring to the message about God's salvation for people through Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. +When Paul writes of "the gospel" in this chapter (verses 1, 2, 9, 15, 16, 17), he is referring to the message about God's salvation for people through Jesus's sacrifice on the cross. ##### Harvest This chapter uses the image of a harvest ([1:13](./13.md)) to speak of the Roman Christians doing good works because they believe what Paul has told them about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) diff --git a/rom/05/18.md b/rom/05/18.md index 94d0c3dd23..474c2065cc 100644 --- a/rom/05/18.md +++ b/rom/05/18.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ The abstract nouns "justification" and "life" can be expressed with the verbs "j # the one act of righteousness -This refers to Jesus' obedience to God in dying for our sins. +This refers to Jesus's obedience to God in dying for our sins. diff --git a/rom/09/27.md b/rom/09/27.md index 58ce55a4b0..05b9659ba9 100644 --- a/rom/09/27.md +++ b/rom/09/27.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here Paul compares the number of the people of Israel to the number of grains of # will be saved -Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Paul uses the word "saved" in a spiritual sense. If God saves a person, it means that through believing in Jesus's death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will save" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/09/33.md b/rom/09/33.md index a55145bdf9..bfe893127e 100644 --- a/rom/09/33.md +++ b/rom/09/33.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Here Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. Alternate translation: "in Israel # stone of stumbling and a rock of offense -These phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +These phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # believes in it diff --git a/rom/10/intro.md b/rom/10/intro.md index 110b587269..c14eeec177 100644 --- a/rom/10/intro.md +++ b/rom/10/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### God's righteousness -Paul teaches here that while many Jews earnestly tried to be righteous, they did not succeed. We cannot earn God's righteousness. God gives us Jesus' righteousness when we believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Paul teaches here that while many Jews earnestly tried to be righteous, they did not succeed. We cannot earn God's righteousness. God gives us Jesus's righteousness when we believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter diff --git a/tit/02/11.md b/tit/02/11.md index 983ce99eea..85651c9bda 100644 --- a/tit/02/11.md +++ b/tit/02/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus. +Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus's coming and remember his authority through Jesus. # the grace of God has appeared diff --git a/zec/12/intro.md b/zec/12/intro.md index 9e594582a5..4062d46ed6 100644 --- a/zec/12/intro.md +++ b/zec/12/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking ab #### Special concepts in this chapter ##### Prophecy -Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) +Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) ## Links: * __[Zechariah 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__