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# He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin
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# He who has died is declared righteous with respect to sin
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Here "righteous" refers to God's ability to make people right with him. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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Here "righteous" refers to being right with God. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When God declares a person right with him, that person is no longer controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
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Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "We know since God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "We know since God brought Christ back to life after he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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# from the dead
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the dead
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From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again.
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All those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again.
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# death no longer has authority over him
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# death no longer has authority over him
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# For in regard to the death that he died to sin, he died once for all
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# he died once for all
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The phrase "once for all" means to finish something completely. You can make this full meaning explicit in your translation. Alternate translation: "For when he died he broke the power of sin completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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Possible meanings are 1) he died once, and he will not die again, nor will anyone else need to die, or 2) it is true now and will be true for all time that he died.
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"For this reason consider"
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"For this reason consider"
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# consider yourselves
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# consider yourselves to be
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"think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as"
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"think of yourselves as" or "see yourselves as"
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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Paul reminds us that grace rules over us, not the law; we are not sin's slaves,
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# do not let sin rule in your mortal body
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# do not let sin rule in your mortal body
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Paul speaks of people sinning as if sin was there master or king that controlled them. Alternate translation: "Do not let sinful desires control you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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Paul speaks of people sinning as if sin were their master or king that controlled them. Alternate translation: "Do not let sinful desires control you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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# in your mortal body
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# your mortal body
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This phrase refers to the physical part of a person, which will die. Alternate translation: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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This phrase refers to the physical part of a person, which will die. Alternate translation: "you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The picture is of the sinner offering the "parts of his body" to his master or k
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# But present yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life
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# But present yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life
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Here "now living" refers to the believer's new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "But offer yourselves to God, because he has given you new spiritual life" or "But offer yourselves to God, as those who had died and are now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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Here the words "brought ... to life" refer to the believer's new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "But offer yourselves to God because he has given you new spiritual life" or "But offer yourselves to God as those who had died and are now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness
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# present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Paul uses a question to scold anyone who may think God's grace is a reason to ke
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# whether you are slaves to sin ... or slaves to obedience
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# whether you are slaves to sin ... or slaves to obedience
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Here, Paul speaks of "sin" and "obedience" as if they were masters that a slave would obey. Alternate translation: "whether you are like slaves to sin ... or like slaves to obedience" or "You are either a slave to sin ... or you are a slave to obedience" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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Here, Paul speaks of "sin" and "obedience" as if they were masters that a slave would obey. Alternate translation: "whether you are like slaves to sin ... or like slaves to obedience" or "whether you always want to sin and so do sin ... or you want to obey and are able to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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# which leads to death ... which leads to righteousness
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# which leads to death ... which leads to righteousness
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# For you were slaves of sin
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# For you were slaves of sin
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Slavery of sin is a metaphor meaning having such a strong desire to sin that one is unable to stop himself from sinning. It is as if sin controls the person. Alternate translation: "you were like slaves of sin" or "you were controlled by sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Being "slaves of sin" is a metaphor meaning they have such a strong desire to sin that they are unable to keep from sinning. It is as if sin controls the person. Alternate translation: "you were like slaves of sin" or "you were unable to keep from sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# but you have obeyed from the heart
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# but you have obeyed from the heart
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# You have been made free from sin
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# You have been made free from sin
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You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Christ has freed you from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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Here "free from sin" is a metaphor for them no longer having a strong desire to sin and therefore being able to stop themselves from sinning. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Christ has freed you from sin" or "Your strong desire to sin has been taken away" or "You have been made free from sin's control over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and )
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# You have been made free from sin
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Here "free from sin" is a metaphor for no longer having a strong desire to sin and being able to stop oneself from sinning. Alternate translation: "Your strong desire to sin has been taken away" or "you have been made free from sin's control over you"
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# you have been made slaves of righteousness
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# you have been made slaves of righteousness
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these r
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#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####
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#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####
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##### Death #####
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##### Death #####
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Paul uses "death" many different ways in this chapter: physical death, spiritual death, sin reigning in the heart of man, and to end something. He contrasts sin and death with the new life provided by Christ and the new way Christians are supposed to live after they are saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])
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Paul uses "death" to refer to many different things in this chapter: physical death, spiritual death, sin reigning in the heart of man, and the end of something. He contrasts sin and death with the new life provided by Christ and the new way Christians are supposed to live after they are saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])
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## Links: ##
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## Links: ##
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