diff --git a/jas/03/06.md b/jas/03/06.md index 8536809fb5..44b8f1fe14 100644 --- a/jas/03/06.md +++ b/jas/03/06.md @@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ The tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. Alternate translation: "The tongue is like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# a world of sinfulness set among the parts of our body +# a world of sinfulness set among our members The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# our members + +"the parts of our bodies" + # The tongue stains the whole body The writer speaks metaphorically of the way a person becomes unacceptable to God when he speaks sinful words as if the person's words made stains on his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/luk/11/36.md b/luk/11/36.md index dcea6b05ba..93456a4437 100644 --- a/luk/11/36.md +++ b/luk/11/36.md @@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ Jesus ends his parable. -# If then your whole body is full of light, with no part of it in darkness +# If then your whole body is full of light, not having any member in darkness Jesus speaks of his teaching as light that he wants his disciples to obey and share with others. He speaks of people who do not know or accept his teaching as being in darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +# not having any member in darkness + +"with none of its parts in darkness" + # then your whole body will be like when a lamp shines its brightness on you Jesus states the same truth he has just presented as a metaphor, but this time he uses a simile. He speaks of people who are full of truth as if they are a lamp that shines brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/mat/05/29.md b/mat/05/29.md index 406ceec4c6..3e375f475f 100644 --- a/mat/05/29.md +++ b/mat/05/29.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This is an exaggerated command for a person to do whatever he needs to do to sto "get rid of it" -# one of the parts of your body should perish +# one of your members should perish "you should lose one part of your body" diff --git a/rom/05/02.md b/rom/05/02.md index c1c4db3b68..a765dd39a3 100644 --- a/rom/05/02.md +++ b/rom/05/02.md @@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ Here "by faith" refers to our trust in Jesus, which allows us to stand before God. Alternate translation: "Because we trust in Jesus, God allows us to come into his presence" -# we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God +# we boast in the hope of the glory of God Here the word "hope" is a person's confident expectation that what he desires really will happen. The abstract noun "hope" can be translated here with the verbs "confidently expect" or "confidently wait" or "trust." Alternate translation: "we rejoice because we confidently expect to share in the glory of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/rom/05/03.md b/rom/05/03.md index 03f5662462..b008bf0c25 100644 --- a/rom/05/03.md +++ b/rom/05/03.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word "this" refers to the ideas described in [Romans 5:1-2](./01.md). These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -# suffering produces endurance +# tribulation produces perseverance "suffering helps us learn to endure" diff --git a/rom/05/04.md b/rom/05/04.md index 68c4388769..a9cdc2bf97 100644 --- a/rom/05/04.md +++ b/rom/05/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Endurance produces character +# Perseverance produces character -Endurance is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Here it is a metonym for the person who endures. You may need to make explicit what it is that a person endures. Alternate translation: "We develop character when we endure hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Perseverance is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Here it is a metonym for the person who endures. You may need to make explicit what it is that a person endures. Alternate translation: "We develop character when we endure hardship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # character diff --git a/rom/05/05.md b/rom/05/05.md index 6232efbb1f..1e58d2bd1c 100644 --- a/rom/05/05.md +++ b/rom/05/05.md @@ -2,10 +2,14 @@ These words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -# hope does not disappoint +# hope does not make ashamed Paul uses personification here as he speaks of "hope" as if it were alive. "Hope" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "we are very confident that we will receive the things that we wait for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +# make ashamed + +"make us ashamed" + # because the love of God has been poured into our hearts Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts, feelings, or inner person. The phrase "the love of God has been poured into our hearts" is a metaphor for God showing love to his people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because he has loved us greatly" or "because God has shown us how much he loves us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/05/14.md b/rom/05/14.md index a75771eb9a..54938cff8e 100644 --- a/rom/05/14.md +++ b/rom/05/14.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "Even though what I have just said is true, death" or "There was no written law from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, but death" ([Romans 5:13](../05/13.md)). -# death ruled from Adam until Moses +# death reigned from Adam until Moses Paul is speaking of death as if it were a king who ruled. Alternate translation: "people continued to die from the time of Adam until the time of Moses as a consequence of their sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rom/05/21.md b/rom/05/21.md index a5c23a7997..2d28029adf 100644 --- a/rom/05/21.md +++ b/rom/05/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# sin ruled in death ... grace might rule through righteousness for everlasting life +# sin reigned in death ... grace might reign through righteousness for everlasting life Here Paul speaks of sin as if it were a king who ruled over people and made them unable to obey God and ultimately killing them, and he speaks of grace as if it were a king who might rule over people and enable them to be right with God. Alternate translation: "as people obeyed their desire to sin and therefore had to die ... God might show grace to people and allow them to be right with him, resulting in everlasting life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rom/06/09.md b/rom/06/09.md index 8700ac13e1..addf7b7df1 100644 --- a/rom/06/09.md +++ b/rom/06/09.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive ag All those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again. -# death no longer has authority over him +# death no longer rules over him -Here "death" is described as if it were a king or ruler that has power over people. Alternate translation: "He will never die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +Here "death" is described as if it were a king or ruler that has power over people. Alternate translation: "He cannot ever die again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/rom/06/13.md b/rom/06/13.md index c9216bdf52..f129e1b64d 100644 --- a/rom/06/13.md +++ b/rom/06/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# Do not present the parts of your body to sin, to be tools used for unrighteousness +# Do not present your members to sin, to be tools used for unrighteousness -The picture is of the sinner offering the "parts of his body" to his master or king. One's "body parts" are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The picture is of the sinner offering his "members," the parts of his body to his master or king. One's "members" are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "Do not offer yourselves to sin so that you do what is not right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) # But present yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life Here the words "brought ... to life" refer to the believer's new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "But offer yourselves to God because he has given you new spiritual life" or "But offer yourselves to God as those who had died and are now alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# present the parts of your body to God as tools to be used for righteousness +# present your members to God as tools to be used for righteousness -Here "parts of your body" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "members" is a synecdoche that refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "let God use you for what is pleasing to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/rom/06/19.md b/rom/06/19.md index a1c80a0623..fbf4ab3670 100644 --- a/rom/06/19.md +++ b/rom/06/19.md @@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ Paul may have expected his readers to wonder why he was speaking of slavery and Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." Alternate translation: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# presented the parts of your body as slaves to uncleanness and to evil +# presented your members as slaves to uncleanness and to lawlessness -Here, the "parts" of the body refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here, the word "members" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offered yourselves as slaves to everything that is evil and not pleasing to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# present the parts of your body as slaves to righteousness for sanctification +# present your members as slaves to righteousness for sanctification -Here the "parts" of the body refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offer yourselves as slaves to what is right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here the word "members" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "offer yourselves as slaves to what is right before God so that he might set you apart and give you the power to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/rom/07/23.md b/rom/07/23.md index 3e3130c275..7e079332d7 100644 --- a/rom/07/23.md +++ b/rom/07/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# a different law in the parts of my body ... fights against that new law in my mind +# a different law in my members ... fights against that new law in my mind Paul has a desire to obey God, but at times he also has a desire to do things that God hates. He writes of the two desires he has as if they were two men fighting each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ Paul has a desire to obey God, but at times he also has a desire to do things th These words refer to the natural human desire to rebel against God and disobey him. Paul calls this a law because he has observed that this is the way people live. It is not a collection of written commands. -# in the parts of my body +# in my members -The phrase "the parts of my body" is another way of saying "my flesh" ([7:18](./18.md)), which is a metaphor for the old nature, opposed to God, with which Paul was born. Here it is a metonym for the actions people do because of that old nature. Alternate translation: "in my actions" or "in my behviors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The phrase "my members" is another way of saying "my flesh" ([7:18](./18.md)), which is a metaphor for the old nature, opposed to God, with which Paul was born. Here it is a metonym for the actions people do because of that old nature. Alternate translation: "in my actions" or "in my behviors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # that new law in my mind These words refer to the law of Moses, which was God's commands in written form ([Romans 7:22](./22.md)). -# the law of sin that is in the parts of my body +# the law of sin that is in my members This "law of sin" is the same as the "different law," the natural human desire to rebel against God and disobey him. Paul calls this a law because he has observed that this is the way people live. It is not a collection of written commands.