formatting update

README.md

@@ -72,17 +72,17 @@ Note that occasionally, the TG's specified translation will not be suitable. As
 
 Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
 
-  * *wayehi *"**It came about,**" "**It happened that...**"
-  * *hinneh *"**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams). In conversational passages, translate *hinneh *  as, "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of *hinneh*. – However, in direct reported speech of God or his angel, you may use "**behold**," especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do.
+  * *wayehi* "**It came about,**" "**It happened that...**"
+  * *hinneh* "**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams). In conversational passages, translate *hinneh *  as, "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of *hinneh*. – However, in direct reported speech of God or his angel, you may use "**behold**," especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do.
   * *brethren*  should be updated to **brothers**. When both genders are indicated by the context, a note from the Notes Team should be expected to appear to that effect. Do not replace the ULB text with "brothers and sisters." That change will appear in the UDB.
   * *adam*  (ASV: man, men) When referring to humanity in general, use "mankind."
   * *Call*  in the ASV usage "call his name": update to "**call him **  [+ name]" or "**name him **  [+ name]."
-  * *Call *  in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULB, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
+  * *Call*  in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULB, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
   * *Hand*  indicating power or possession: we recommend that you keep this metaphor in the ULB.
   * *wehinneh *"**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech). For conversational passages, see the preceding paragraph.
-  * * YHWH  * ,  * Jehovah, LORD  * (when referring to YHWH) "  ** Yahweh  ** " (The ASV uses "Jehovah," but we will not.)
-  * *Meshiach "***Messiah**" (almost always, "**the Messiah**," since "Messiah" is a titl*e)*
-  * Sentence-initial or preverbal *and *  of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when there is no  * kai  * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle  * de  * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses.
+  * *YHWH* ,  * Jehovah, LORD  * (when referring to YHWH) "  ** Yahweh  ** " (The ASV uses "Jehovah," but we will not.)
+  * *Meshiach* "***Messiah**" (almost always, "**the Messiah**," since "Messiah" is a title)
+  * Sentence-initial or preverbal *and*  of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when there is no  * kai  * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle  * de  * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses.
   * Expressions of the type, "he knew his wife" or "he went into his wife": try to use acceptable English euphemisms such as, "  ** he slept with his wife  ** ," "  ** he made love to his wife  ** ," or even "  ** they came together as man and wife  ** ." Every language has its own euphemisms for these ideas, and our English usage is simply to encourage them to employ their own. This general rule is as true for the UDB as for the ULB. To express a crime of this nature, try using, "  ** he forced himself on her  ** ."
   * ** Shall  ** vs.  ** will  ** : in English future expressions in general, use "  ** will  ** " instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he    <del>shall</del> ** will **  pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I ** will **  not drink...until the kingdom of God ** comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes " ** Do **  not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should **  I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall" in the ULB, e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall **  I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), " A deliverer **shall **  come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall **  be made low."
   * In speech introductions that use two verbs instead of one such as, "he answered and said," please retain this formula in the ULB. This will provide a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech, as does Biblical Hebrew. See the UDB for the same issue, however, where only one verb will be used.
@@ -91,17 +91,17 @@ Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
 
 Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
 
-  * *nomikos *"**expert in the Jewish law**"
+  * *nomikos* "**expert in the Jewish law**"
   * *brethren*  should be updated to **brothers**. When both genders are indicated by the context, a note from the Notes Team should be expected to appear to that effect. Do not replace the ULB text with "brothers and sisters." That change will appear in the UDB.
   * *Call* in the ASV usage "call his name": update to "call him [+ name]" or "name him [+ name]."
-  * *Call *  in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULB, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
+  * *Call* in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULB, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
   * *grammateus*  "**scribe**"
   * *Hand*  indicating power or possession: we recommend that you keep this metaphor in the ULB.
   * *egeneto de*, *kai egeneto *  "**It came about**" (See "Sentence-initial or preverbal *and***"*below)**.*
-  * *idou *"  ** Behold  ** " (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech. In conversational passages, translate  *idou preferably * as, "  ** look  ** ," "  ** see  ** ," "  ** see here  ** ," or at need as something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of    *idou.*
+  * *idou*"  ** Behold  ** " (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech. In conversational passages, translate  *idou preferably * as, "  ** look  ** ," "  ** see  ** ," "  ** see here  ** ," or at need as something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of    *idou.*
   * *Messiah*  This term sometimes appears in the NT in transliterated Greek. You will have to evaluate each case, but in general this term should be translated, " ** Messiah ** ."
-  * *Xristos *"**Christ**" or "**the Christ**" (if the term is being clearly used as a title; Paul often seems to use *Xristos *  as a second name for Jesus, but at times he clearly uses it as a title).
-  * Sentence-initial or preverbal *and *  of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." – These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and'. This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. – In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." – Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when their is no  * kai  * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle  * de  * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses.
+  * *Xristos* "**Christ**" or "**the Christ**" (if the term is being clearly used as a title; Paul often seems to use *Xristos *  as a second name for Jesus, but at times he clearly uses it as a title).
+  * Sentence-initial or preverbal *and*  of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." – These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and'. This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. – In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." – Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when their is no  * kai  * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle  * de  * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses.
   * Expressions of the type, "he knew his wife" or "he went into his wife": try to use acceptable English euphemisms such as, "he slept with his wife" or even "they came together as man and wife." Every language has its own euphemisms for these ideas, and our English usage is simply to encourage them to employ their own. This general rule is as true for the UDB as for the ULB.
   * ** Shall  ** vs.  ** will  ** : in English future expressions in general, use "  ** will  ** " instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he **will **  pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I ** will **  not drink...until the kingdom of God ** comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes "**Do **  not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should **  I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall," e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall **  I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), "A deliverer **shall **  come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall **  be made low."