Dealing with tN issues #413-447

luk/01/05.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Zechariah and Elizabeth are introduced. These verses give background information
 
 # In the days of Herod, king of Judea
 
-The phrase "In the day of" is used to indicate a new event. AT: "During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+The phrase "In the days of" is used to indicate a new event. AT: "During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 
 # there was a certain
 

luk/01/11.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Zechariah was.
 
 # When Zechariah saw him
 
-"when Zechariah saw the angel." The source of the fear was the frightening nature of the angel. Zechariah had not done anything wrong.
+"When Zechariah saw the angel." Zechariah was afraid because the appearance of the angel was frightening. He had not done anything wrong, so he was not afraid that the angel would punish him.
 
 # fear fell on him
 

luk/01/14.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # For
 
-"Because" or "In addition to this"
+"This is because." Zechariah and the "many" will rejoice because John will be "great in the sight of the Lord." The rest of verse 15 tells how God wants John to live.
 
 # You will have joy and gladness
 

mrk/11/24.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # it will be yours
 
-It is understood that this will happen because God will provide what you ask for. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+It is understood that this will happen because God will provide what you ask for. This can be stated clearly. AT: "God will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # When you stand and pray
 

mrk/11/27.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ The word "They" refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
 
 # By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you the authority to do them?
 
-Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus' authority. They can be combined. AT: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+Possible meanings: 1) Both of these questions have the same meaning and are asked together to strongly question Jesus' authority and so can be combined. AT: "Who gave you authority to do these things?" 2) They are two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 
 # you do these things
 
-The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the sellers' tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. AT: "you to do things like those you did here yesterday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+The words "these things" refer to Jesus turning over the sellers' tables in the temple and speaking against what the chief priests and scribes taught. AT: "things like those you did here yesterday" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # translationWords
 

mrk/12/01.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus speaks this parable against the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders
 
 # Then Jesus began to teach them
 
-The word "them" here refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders to whom Jesus has been talking to in the previous chapter.
+The word "them" here refers to the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders to whom Jesus had been talking in the previous chapter.
 
 # put a hedge around it
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This means that he carved a pit on the rock, which would be the bottom part of t
 
 # leased the vineyard to vine growers
 
-This means that the owner of the vineyard arranged for others to care for the grapes. The vine growers would receive a share of the grapes as payment for their work.
+The owner still owned the vineyard, but he allowed the vine growers to take care of it. When the grapes became ripe, they were to give some of them to the owner and keep the rest.
 
 # At the right time
 

mrk/12/10.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Here "in our eyes" stands for seeing, which is a metaphor for the people's opini
 
 # They sought to arrest Jesus
 
-"They" refers to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. This group may be referred to as the "Jewish leaders" .
+"They" refers to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. This group may be referred to as the "Jewish leaders."
 
 # sought
 

mrk/12/13.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ In an effort to trap Jesus, some of the Pharisees and Herodians, and then the Sa
 
 # the Herodians
 
-This is the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas.
+This was the name of an informal political party that supported Herod Antipas.
 
 # to trap him
 

mrk/12/16.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The understood verb may be supplied. AT: "and give to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/ma
 
 # They marveled at him
 
-They were amazed at what Jesus had said. This can be made explicit. AT: "They marveled at him and at what he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+They were amazed at what Jesus had said. This can be made explicit. AT: "They marveled at him and at what he had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # translationWords
 

mrk/12/20.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Each of the brothers married the woman and then died before he had any children
 
 # In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be?
 
-The Sadducees are testing Jesus by asking this question. This can be written as a statement. AT: "Now tell us whose wife she will be in the resurrection, when they all rise again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+The Sadducees are testing Jesus by asking this question. If your readers can only understand this as a request for information, this can be written as a statement. AT: "Now tell us whose wife she will be in the resurrection, when they all rise again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # translationWords
 

mrk/12/24.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This means to become alive again. The phrase "the dead ones" refers to "dead peo
 
 # are given in marriage
 
-This can be stated in active form. AT: "they do not marry, and no one gives them in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. AT: "and no one gives them in marriage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # heaven
 

mrk/12/35.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This word "himself" refers to David and is used to place emphasis on him and wha
 
 # in the Holy Spirit
 
-This means that he was inspired by the Holy Spirit, that is, the Holy Spirit directed David in what he said. AT: "inspired by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+This means that he was inspired by the Holy Spirit. That is, the Holy Spirit directed David in what he said. AT: "inspired by the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 
 # said, 'The Lord said to my Lord
 

mrk/12/38.md

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 # the greetings they receive in the marketplaces
 
-The noun "greetings" can be expressed with the verb "greet." These greetings showed that the people respected the scribes. AT: "and to be greeted respectfully in the marketplaces" or "and for people to greet them respectfully in the marketplaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+The noun "greetings" can be expressed with the verb "greet." These greetings showed that the people respected the scribes. AT: "to be greeted respectfully in the marketplaces" or "people to greet them respectfully in the marketplaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # They also devour widows' houses
 
-Here Jesus describes the scribes cheating widows and stealing their houses as "devouring" their houses. AT: "They also cheat widows in order to steal their houses from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+Here Jesus describes the scribes' cheating of widows and stealing of their houses as "devouring" their houses. AT: "They also cheat widows in order to steal their houses from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+
+# widows' houses
+
+The words "widows" and "houses" are synecdoches for helpless people and all of a person's important possessions, respectively. AT: "everything from helpless people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 
 # These men will receive greater condemnation
 

mrk/12/41.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Still in the temple area, Jesus comments on the value of the widow's offering.
 
 # an offering box
 
-This box was a collection box for the temple offering for all the people.
+This box, which everyone could use, held temple offerings.
 
 # two mites
 

mrk/12/43.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important.
 
 # all of them who contributed to
 
-"all of the people who put money into"
+"all the other people who put money into"
 
 # abundance
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This indicates that the statement that follows is especially true and important.
 
 # to live on
 
-"to survive"
+"to survive on"
 
 # translationWords
 

mrk/12/intro.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #### Structure and Format ####
 
-Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-11,36, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament.
+Some translations prefer to set apart quotations of the Old Testament. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 12:10-11, 36, 17, which are quotations from the Old Testament.
 
 #### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####
 

mrk/13/11.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The words "will speak" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "but the Hol
 
 # Brother will deliver up brother to death
 
-This means that some people will betray their bothers, and this betrayal will cause their brothers to be killed. AT: "Brother will betray their brothers, handing them over to be put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+This means that some people will betray their bothers, and this betrayal will cause their brothers to be killed. AT: "Brothers will betray their brothers, handing them over to be put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 
 # Brother ... brother
 

mrk/13/14.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # the abomination of desolation
 
-This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophesy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. AT: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+This phrase is from the book of Daniel. His audience would have been familiar with this passage and the prophecy about the abomination entering the temple and defiling it. AT: "the shameful thing that defiles the things of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # standing where it should not be standing
 
-Jesus' audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. AT: "standing in the temple where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+Jesus' audience would have known that this refers to the temple. This can be made explicit. AT: "standing in the temple, where it should not be standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # let the reader understand
 

mrk/13/17.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is a polite way to say that someone is pregnant. AT: "are pregnant" (See: [
 
 "Pray that these times" or "Pray that these things"
 
-# winter
+# the winter
 
 "the cold season" or "the cold, rainy season." This refers to the time of year when it is cold and unpleasant and difficult to travel.
 

mrk/13/24.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "the sun will become dark" (See: [[rc://e
 
 # the moon will not give its light
 
-Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. AT: "the moon will not glow" or "the moon will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+Here the moon is spoken of as if it were alive and able to give something to someone else. AT: "the moon will not shine" or "the moon will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 
 # the stars will fall from the sky
 

mrk/13/28.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 Jesus gives two short parables here to remind people to be aware when the things that he has been explaining happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
 
-# the branch becomes tender
+# the branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves
 
-The phrase "the branch" refers to the branches of the fig tree. AT: "its branches become tender"
+The phrase "the branch" refers to the branches of the fig tree. AT: "its branches become tender and put out their leaves"
 
 # tender
 

mrk/13/30.md

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ Jesus speaks of words not losing their power as if they were something that will
 
 This refers to the time that the Son of Man will return. AT: "that day or that hour that the Son of Man will return" or "the day or the hour that I will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
-# not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son
+# no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but the Father
 
-These are listed among those who do not know when the Son of Man will return. AT: "not even the angels in heaven or the Son know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+These words specify some of those who do not know when the Son of Man will return, different from the Father, who does know. AT: "no one knows—neither the angels in heaven nor the Son know—but the Father" or "neither the angels in heaven nor the Son know; no one knows but the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 
 # the angels in heaven
 

mrk/13/33.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # what time it is
 
-It can be stated clearly what "time" refers to here. AT: "when that time will come when all these events will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+It can be stated clearly what "time" refers to here. AT: "when all these events will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # each one with his work
 

mrk/13/35.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # rooster crows
 
-The rooster is a bird that calls out very early in the morning. The loud sound he makes is "crowing."
+The rooster is a bird that "crows" very early in the morning by making a loud call.
 
 # find you sleeping
 

mrk/15/01.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Connecting Statement:
 
-When the chief priests, elders, scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, Pilate did not want to condemn him. Though the crowd brought many accusations against Jesus, he did not reply to them.
+When the chief priests, the elders, the scribes, and the council gave Jesus over to Pilate, they accused Jesus of doing many bad things. When Pilate asked if what they said was true, Jesus did not answer him.
 
 # they bound Jesus and led him away
 

mrk/15/06.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Connecting Statement:
 
-Pilate, hoping the crowd would choose Jesus, offered to release a prisoner, but the crowd asked for Barabbas instead.
+Pilate, hoping the crowd will choose Jesus, offers to release a prisoner, but the crowd asks for Barabbas instead.
 
 # Now
 

mrk/15/12.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Connecting Statement:
 
-The crowd asks for Jesus' death so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him.
+The crowd asks for Jesus' death, so Pilate turns him over to the soldiers, who mock him, crown him with thorns, strike him, and lead him out to crucify him.
 
 # What then should I do with the King of the Jews
 

mrk/15/14.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Pilate did not actually scourge Jesus but rather his soldiers did.
 
 # scourged
 
-"flogged." This means to beat with an especially painful whip.
+"flogged." To "scourge" is to beat with an especially painful whip.
 
 # then handed him over to be crucified
 

mrk/15/19.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # bent their knees
 
-This means to kneel. AT: "knelt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+A person who kneels bends his knees, so those who kneel are sometimes said to "bend their knees." AT: "kneeled" or "knelt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # they forced him to carry his cross
 

mrk/15/22.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Connecting Statement:
 
-The soldiers brought Jesus to Golgotha where they crucified him with two others. Many people mocked him.
+The soldiers bring Jesus to Golgotha, where they crucify him with two others. Many people mock him.
 
 # Place of a Skull
 

mrk/15/29.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # shaking their heads
 
-This is an action people do to show disapproval.
+This is an action people do to show that they disapproved of Jesus.
 
 # Aha!
 

mrk/15/33.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Connecting Statement:
 
-At noon darkness covers the whole land until three o'clock when Jesus cries out with a loud voice and dies, and the temple curtain rips from the top to the bottom.
+At noon darkness covers the whole land until three o'clock, when Jesus cries out with a loud voice and dies. When Jesus dies, the temple curtain rips from the top to the bottom.
 
 # the sixth hour
 

mrk/15/45.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Linen is cloth made from the fibers of a flax plant. See how you translated this
 
 # He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone
 
-Joseph had help from other people to take Jesus down from the cross, preparing it for the tomb, and closing the tomb. AT: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+You may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus' body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. AT: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # a tomb that had been cut out of a rock
 

mrk/16/01.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ On the first day of the week, women come early because they expect to use spices
 
 # When the Sabbath day was over
 
-That is, when the sun had set on the seventh day and the first day of the week had begun.
+That is, after the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, had ended and the first day of the week had begun.
 
 # translationWords
 

mrk/16/12.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # he appeared in a different form
 
-Jesus was the person whom the "two of them" saw, but what they saw did not look like Jesus, so they did not know they were looking at Jesus.
+The "two of them" saw Jesus, but he looked different from how he had looked previously.
 
 # two of them
 

mrk/16/14.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ When Jesus meets with the eleven, he rebukes them for their unbelief and tells t
 
 # the eleven
 
-These are the eleven disciples who remained after Judas left them.
+These are the eleven apostles who remained after Judas left them.
 
 # they were reclining at the table
 

mrk/16/intro.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ##### Burial Practices #####
 It was customary in ancient Israel to place important or wealthy people in tombs and to close up the tombs with a large rock. Only wealthy families could usually afford this kind of burial place. 
 
-=== Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter===
+### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ###
 
 ##### A young man #####
 The gospel accounts differ as to how many men or angels appeared in this interaction. It is likely that the men were angels, but how many of them were there is unclear. It is best to translate this as it appears in the ULB without trying to reconcile these passages. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md), [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md), and [John 20:1-2](../../jhn/20/01.md))