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# they had become a stench to David
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The phrase "become a stench" is a metaphor for "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# Beth Rehob ... Zobah ... Maacah ... Tob
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These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# twenty thousand ... a thousand ... twelve thousand
"20,000 ... 1,000 ... 12,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
# to their city gate
Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.