# forty lashes minus one

This was a common expression for being whipped 39 times. In Jewish law the most they were allowed to whip a person at one time was forty lashes. So they commonly whipped a person thirty-nine times so that they would be guilty of whipping someone too many times if the accidentally counted wrong.

# I was beaten with rods

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people beat me with wooden rods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# I was stoned

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people threw stones at me until they thought I was dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# I have spent a night and a day on the open sea

Paul was referring to floating in the water after the ship he was on sank.

# in danger from false brothers

The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "and in danger from people who claimed to be brothers in Christ, but who betrayed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])