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Henry Whitney 2019-05-30 18:03:18 -04:00
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# General Information:
Bad things happen to righteous people, but God gives them the courage to continue doing good. God uses the bad things that happen to wicked people to discourage them.
# rises again
"gets back on his feet" or "stands up again"
# wicked people are brought down by calamity
# wicked people stumble at calamity
The writer speaks as if "calamity" were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# are brought down
This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
Possible meanings are 1) "wicked people stumble in times of calamity" or 2) "wicked people stumble because of calamity." Some modern translations understand "calamity" as the means by which the wicked people stumble. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "wicked people are brought down by calamity" or "God uses calamity to bring wicked people down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# calamity

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These verses continue the "thirty sayings" ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
# Do not be angry
Many modern translations read, "Do not fret," which is advice not to worry so much that one becomes angry.

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# the lamp of wicked people will go out
The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
or "the lamp of wicked people will be put out" or "they will put out the lamp of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# the lamp ... go out
This is a metaphor for either 1) life. Alternate translation: "the life ... will end" Or 2) the person's accomplishments. Alternate translation: "the hard work ... come to nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

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# Whoever says to the wicked person, ... will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations
# Whoever says to the wicked person, ... will be cursed by peoples and abhorred by nations
The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, ... , and the people of other nations will hate him"
The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, ... , and the people of other nations will abhor him"
# the wicked person ... a righteous person

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# straight answer
The word "straight" here is a metaphor for either 1) "honest" or 2) "correct." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
# gives a kiss on the lips
A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: "shows true friendship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])