PDF Jeremiah 1-5

hos/14/04.md

@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@
 
 Yahweh is speaking.
 
-# I will heal their turning away
+# I will heal their apostasy
 
 Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# their turning away
-
-The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
-

jer/01/16.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 "I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah"
 
-# worshiping what they made with their own hands
+# worshiping the works of their own hands
 
 Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
 

jer/02/19.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you
+# Your wickedness rebukes you, and your acts of apostasy punish you
 
 Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: "Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 

jer/03/06.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Do you see what faithless Israel has done?
+# Do you see what apostate Israel has done?
 
-God uses this question to draw Jeremiah's attention to Israel's faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: "See how faithless Israel is to me." or "You see how faithless Israel is to me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+God uses this question to draw Jeremiah's attention to Israel's apostasy. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: "See how apostate Israel is!" or "You see how apostate Israel is." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # She has gone up
 

jer/03/11.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah!
+# Apostate Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah!
 
 By calling Israel "more righteous" than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: "Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel"
 

jer/03/22.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# I will heal you of treachery!
+# I will heal you of your apostasy!
 
-Possible meanings are 1) "heal you of treachery" represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me" or 2) "heal you of treachery" represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: "I will forgive your treachery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Possible meanings are 1) "heal you of your apostasy" represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me" or 2) "heal you of your apostasy" represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: "I will forgive your apostasy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# heal you of treachery
+# heal you of your apostasy
 
 "heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me"
 

jer/03/25.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully awa
 
 Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# from the time of our youthfulness
+# from the time of our youth
 
-Possible meanings are that 1) "the time of our youthfulness" refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: "from when we were young" or 2) "the time of our youthfulness" is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: "from when we were first becoming a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Possible meanings are that 1) "the time of our youth" refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: "from when we were young" or 2) "the time of our youth" is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: "from when we were first becoming a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God
 

jer/04/06.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# disaster ... a great collapse
+# disaster ... great crushing
 
-These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase "a great collapse" defines what the "disaster" will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
+These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase "great crushing" defines what the "disaster" will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
 
-# for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse
+# for I am bringing disaster from the north and great crushing
 
 This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: "for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

jer/04/08.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# wrap yourself in sackcloth
+# gird yourselves with sackcloth
 
-People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: "put on the clothes that show you are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
+People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. The command "gird yourselves," which usually means "prepare for work" or "prepare for battle" is ironic: they are to prepare to mourn, not to work or fight. Alternate translation: "put on the clothes that show you are mourning" or "prepare to mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
 
 # wail
 

jer/04/15.md

@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ Here "a voice" represents a messenger. Alternate translation: "a messenger comes
 
 This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
 
-# the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim
-
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
-
 # from Dan ... mountains of Ephraim
 
 By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.

jer/04/21.md

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-# How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn?
+# How long will I see the signal flag? Will I hear the sound of the horn?
 
 Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: "Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army's horn would stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# the standard
-
-"the battle flag"
-
 # the sound of the horn
 
 Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.

jer/04/22.md

@@ -2,7 +2,3 @@
 
 It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: "Yahweh replied, 'It is because of the foolishness of my people ... do not know how to do good.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# idiotic people
-
-"stupid people"
-

jer/04/29.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 Here "city" represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: "The people of every city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# cavalry
+# the horseman and the archer with a bow
 
-a group of soldiers riding horses
+The words "horseman" and "archer" here are generic nouns that refer to a group of horsemen and a group of archers, not to one particular horseman or archer. Alternate translation: "horsemen and archers with bows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]])
+
+# archer
+
+a person who shoots a bow
 
 # they will run into the forests
 

jer/04/30.md

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
 
 This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: "Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# you dress in scarlet ... gold jewelry ... eyes ... with paint
+# you are clothed in scarlet ... gold jewelry ... eyes ... with paint
 
-God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet ... good jewelry ... eyes ... with paint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Like a prostitute you are clothed in scarlet ... good jewelry ... eyes ... with paint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# you dress in scarlet
+# you are clothed in scarlet
 
 Here "scarlet" represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: "you wear expensive red clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

jer/05/06.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther
+# So a lion ... A wolf ... A leopard
 
 These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that 1) this really is about wild animals killing people or 2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# So a lion ... A wolf ... A lurking panther ... torn apart
+# So a lion ... A wolf ... A leopard ... torn apart
 
-One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: "Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: "Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a leopard, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # thicket
 
@@ -14,19 +14,15 @@ a set of bushes that grew closely together.
 
 a large wild dangerous dog
 
-# lurking
+# is watching
 
-watching for an opportunity to attack
-
-# panther
-
-a large wild dangerous cat
+"is watching for an opportunity to attack"
 
 # For their transgressions increase
 
 The abstract noun "transgressions" can be translated with the verb "sin." Alternate translation: "For they sin much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited
+# Their acts of apostasy are very many
 
-The abstract nouns in "acts of faithlessness" can be translated as "the faithless things they do." Alternate translation: "The faithless things they do are many" or "They do many faithless things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+The abstract nouns in "acts of apostasy" can be translated as "the ways they disobey me." Alternate translation: "They disobey me in very many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

jer/05/23.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
 
-# this people has a stubborn heart. It turns
+# this people has a stubborn and rebellious heart. They have turned
 
-The people's heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word "you." Alternate translation: "but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn" or "but you people are stubborn. You turn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
+The people's heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word "you." Alternate translation: "but you people have a stubborn and rebellious heart. You have turned" or "but you people are stubborn and rebellious. You have turn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 
-# It turns away in rebellion and goes away
+# They have turned aside and gone away
 
-The word "it" refers to the people. Here "goes away" represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: "They rebel and disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+This metaphor presents the people no longer obeying God and doing evil as they please as if they had purposefully left the proper path to somewhere and gone far away from it.. Alternate translation: "They have rebelled and disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

jer/05/24.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here "their hearts" represent their thoughts, and "say" represents thinking. Alternate translation: "they do not think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us
+# keeping the appointed weeks of the harvest for us
 
-Here "keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest" represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: "making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+Here "keeping the appointed weeks of the harvest" represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: "making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

jer/05/30.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Yahweh continues to speak.
 
-# Atrocities and horrors have occurred
+# An appalling and horrifying thing has occurred
 
 This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: "People do terrible and horrible things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

jer/08/05.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?
+# Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent apostasy?
 
-Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent apostasy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # Jerusalem