forked from WA_Training/fr_tm
Fixed "langauge" typo
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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ As part of the translation process, it is necessary that several people check th
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One important reason for checking the translation is to affirm accuracy. The translator may not have understood fully the passage in the source text, and therefore not have communicated it clearly in his translation. Using tools such as commentaries and other translations can be helpful in confirming that the meaning is accurately understood and conveyed.
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One important reason for checking the translation is to affirm accuracy. The translator may not have understood fully the passage in the source text, and therefore not have communicated it clearly in his translation. Using tools such as commentaries and other translations can be helpful in confirming that the meaning is accurately understood and conveyed.
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Another reason for checking is to affirm naturalness and flow. The person translating may not have used the most common venacular. Having others in the langauge community read it to check for flow will provide insight for correcting awkward wording.
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Another reason for checking is to affirm naturalness and flow. The person translating may not have used the most common venacular. Having others in the language community read it to check for flow will provide insight for correcting awkward wording.
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Checking is also important to affirm consistant and correct grammar, punctuation and spelling. Often the translation is into a previously unwritten langauge, so translators and other team members may have to work together to agree on spelling and punctuation.
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Checking is also important to affirm consistant and correct grammar, punctuation and spelling. Often the translation is into a previously unwritten language, so translators and other team members may have to work together to agree on spelling and punctuation.
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As soon as the translator has created a draft, he will begin to check it himself. Several layers of checking by others on the translation team will follow. Finally two other levels of checking outside the translation team are recommended. One will help others in the community to test the translation for naturalness and flow. The other will give theologians and scholars of various denominations the opportunity to provide recommendations.
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As soon as the translator has created a draft, he will begin to check it himself. Several layers of checking by others on the translation team will follow. Finally two other levels of checking outside the translation team are recommended. One will help others in the community to test the translation for naturalness and flow. The other will give theologians and scholars of various denominations the opportunity to provide recommendations.
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Some languages do not use litotes. People who speak those languages might not un
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### Translation Strategies
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### Translation Strategies
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If the litotes would be understood correctly in your langauge, consider using it. If not, consider this strategy.
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If the litotes would be understood correctly in your language, consider using it. If not, consider this strategy.
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1. If the meaning with the negative would not be clear, give the positive meaning in a strong way.
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1. If the meaning with the negative would not be clear, give the positive meaning in a strong way.
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ If using the rhetorical question would be natural and give the right meaning in
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1. Add the answer after the question.
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1. Add the answer after the question.
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1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement or exclamation.
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1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement or exclamation.
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1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement, and then follow it with a short question.
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1. Change the rhetorical question to a statement, and then follow it with a short question.
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1. Change the form of the question so that it communicates in your langauge what the orignal speaker communicated in his.
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1. Change the form of the question so that it communicates in your language what the orignal speaker communicated in his.
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ If using the rhetorical question would be natural and give the right meaning in
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* **<u>Do you not still rule</u> the kingdom of Israel?** (1 Kings 21:7 ULB)
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* **<u>Do you not still rule</u> the kingdom of Israel?** (1 Kings 21:7 ULB)
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* You still rule the kingdom of Israel, <u>do you not?</u>
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* You still rule the kingdom of Israel, <u>do you not?</u>
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1. Change the form of the question so that it communicates in your langauge what the orignal speaker communicated in his.
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1. Change the form of the question so that it communicates in your language what the orignal speaker communicated in his.
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* **Or <u>what man among you is there who</u>, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, <u>will give him a stone?</u>** (Matthew 7:9 ULB)
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* **Or <u>what man among you is there who</u>, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, <u>will give him a stone?</u>** (Matthew 7:9 ULB)
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* If your son asks you for a loaf of bread, <u>would you give him a stone</u>?
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* If your son asks you for a loaf of bread, <u>would you give him a stone</u>?
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* **<u>Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her sash</u>? Yet my people have forgotten me for days without number!** (Jeremiah 2:32 ULB)
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* **<u>Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her sash</u>? Yet my people have forgotten me for days without number!** (Jeremiah 2:32 ULB)
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The translation team should make decisions about the following issues before sta
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1. Written or oral: Should the translation be primarily offered in a written format or an oral format? In determining the answer to this question, consider the literacy level of the mother-tongue speakers. Also consider the normal, expected medium the language community uses to educate and train, and what the church community is most likely to want and use. If choosing a written format, then discuss the following:
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1. Written or oral: Should the translation be primarily offered in a written format or an oral format? In determining the answer to this question, consider the literacy level of the mother-tongue speakers. Also consider the normal, expected medium the language community uses to educate and train, and what the church community is most likely to want and use. If choosing a written format, then discuss the following:
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a. Alphabet: Is your language already a written language? If so, your team should plan to use the most common written form. If not, you will need to decide what alphabet is most appropriate for your language community. If the scripture will be one of the first things written in the language, you will need to think about the sounds in your language and what script will best represent those sounds. You may also want to discuss what script will be recognized and respected in the language community.
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a. Alphabet: Is your language already a written language? If so, your team should plan to use the most common written form. If not, you will need to decide what alphabet is most appropriate for your language community. If the scripture will be one of the first things written in the language, you will need to think about the sounds in your language and what script will best represent those sounds. You may also want to discuss what script will be recognized and respected in the language community.
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b. Spelling: When possible, determine the spelling of names and geographical terms as a group. You may even want to consult the key words list available at Bibleineverylanguage.org for each book and create a list of the names and historical terms in the agreed-upon spelling for all translators to use as a reference. If the langauge has borrowed words from the gateway language and they have become common use terms, it may be good to agree on the appropriate spelling of those terms for your lnanguage (if indeed pronunciation is different from gateway language pronunciation.)
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b. Spelling: When possible, determine the spelling of names and geographical terms as a group. You may even want to consult the key words list available at Bibleineverylanguage.org for each book and create a list of the names and historical terms in the agreed-upon spelling for all translators to use as a reference. If the language has borrowed words from the gateway language and they have become common use terms, it may be good to agree on the appropriate spelling of those terms for your lnanguage (if indeed pronunciation is different from gateway language pronunciation.)
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c. Punctuation: Especially if this is one of the first things put into writing in the language, it is important to determine basic punctuation rules. These can follow one of the gateway languages (especially if the alphabet is the same.) At this time you may also consider if you need accent marks or other symbols to indicate slight changes in the sounds letters make.
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c. Punctuation: Especially if this is one of the first things put into writing in the language, it is important to determine basic punctuation rules. These can follow one of the gateway languages (especially if the alphabet is the same.) At this time you may also consider if you need accent marks or other symbols to indicate slight changes in the sounds letters make.
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2. If you choose to work on a oral translation, you will want to talk with the team about how to format the titles (Chapter numbers) and headings. What will you do in your oral recording to make clear that these are headers?
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2. If you choose to work on a oral translation, you will want to talk with the team about how to format the titles (Chapter numbers) and headings. What will you do in your oral recording to make clear that these are headers?
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@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ When a language is first written, the translation team may want to consider the
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* Should the writing of your language have a way of highlighting direct or quoted speech? How might you show it? (One answer is to use whatever devices the language from which your alphabet is borrowed uses. You may also consider using the punctuation of the source text.)
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* Should the writing of your language have a way of highlighting direct or quoted speech? How might you show it? (One answer is to use whatever devices the language from which your alphabet is borrowed uses. You may also consider using the punctuation of the source text.)
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* What guidelines will you follow in writing names in the Bible? Will you use the names written in the national language Bible? Do you have guidelines from your own language as to how names are pronounced and if they need added titles? (Has this decision been acceptable to the community?)
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* What guidelines will you follow in writing names in the Bible? Will you use the names written in the national language Bible? Do you have guidelines from your own language as to how names are pronounced and if they need added titles? (Has this decision been acceptable to the community?)
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* How literarate is your language community in the source langauge? Would they recognize and benefit from the use of the source langauge's punctuation, spelling or capitalization rules?
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* How literarate is your language community in the source language? Would they recognize and benefit from the use of the source language's punctuation, spelling or capitalization rules?
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