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00-About_the_ULB/ULB-2-Intro-tR.md

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+# Introduction to the Unlocked Literal Bible - English
+The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is intended to be used as a source text for Bible translators who may not have a reading knowledge of the original biblical languages. Some might call it "relatively literal" because it retains many of the grammatical structures, idioms, figures of speech, and semantically complex vocabulary used in the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek source documents. But when those grammatical structures, idioms, or figures of speech would be unintelligible or seriously misunderstood in English, the ULB minimally adjusts the grammatical structures and wording in order to express the same meanings in ways that are more clear in English.
+
+The ULB is not meant to be a refined, polished English version. It is meant to present the meaning and structure of the original texts in so far as that can be done clearly and simply, so that it can, in turn, be translated into other languages.
+
+The ULB is intended to be used with other resources that help to clarify the meanings of words and phrases in the ULB or original languages. These resources also give suggestions about ways of expressing the meaning that translators might be able to use in their languages. These resources are translationWords, translationNotes, Translation Manual, translationQuestions, and the Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB).
+
+It is anticipated that the ULB and other resources will be translated from English into the world's Gateway Languages so that translators worldwide can use them as a set of resources for making accurate translations of God's Word in their own languages.
+## Notes About Making a "Relatively Literal" Translation
+  * It is not possible to maintain a one-for-one correspondence between words in translation. One word from the source language may require a phrase for its translation in the target language, and vice-versa.
+  * It is not possible to translate every word the same way every time it occurs and still have the correct meaning. So the ULB seeks to translate words with the meaning that they have in their context, using whatever English word or phrase is closest to that meaning.
+  * Both Greek and Hebrew can make a sentence without using a verb, while English cannot. For the ULB to make sense, the verb will always be supplied. (Usually the verb is "is").
+  * Greek makes abundant use of participial clauses. For the English of the ULB to make sense, often these must be changed to relative clauses or adverbial clauses.
+  * In the ULB, the grammatical structures of the original languages are retained unless the English would be ungrammatical or easily misunderstood.
+## The ULB Contrasted with the UDB
+The ULB seeks to represent the language forms of the original in a way that also makes sense in English and other Gateway Languages. The UDB (Unlocked Dynamic Bible) seeks to represent the plain meaning of the original Bible text. Thus the ULB differs from the UDB in many ways. This means that:
+  * The ULB reflects more than the UDB the grammatical structures of the biblical languages.
+  * The ULB reflects more than the UDB the parts of speech of the biblical languages. The ULB, for example, seeks to use nouns where the original language uses nouns, adjectives where the original language uses adjectives, and so forth.
+  * The ULB reflects the semantically complex vocabulary of the original languages more than the UDB does.
+  * The ULB seeks to reproduce the form of the logical connections in the biblical languages. Thus, for example, the ULB has "the righteousness of faith" in Romans 4:13, and the logical relationship between righteousness and faith is not further specified. (Is it the righteousness that comes by faith? Is it the righteousness that vindicates faith?) All that "the righteousness of faith" explicitly signals is that there is some close association in the text between righteousness and faith, and that we can probably rule out a number of conceivable logical relationships between the two concepts, but not all possible relationships, as the foregoing example illustrates. In contrast, the UDB seeks to choose the most likely logical relationship. (Other likely logical relationships are sometimes presented in the translationNotes.)
+  * The ULB usually reproduces the linear succession of ideas found in the original, even when English may prefer a different arrangement of the same ideas.
+  * The ULB does  not normally present information that is only implied in the original. For example, in Matthew 26:5, "For they were saying, 'Not during the festival, so that a riot does not arise among the people.'" The implied information is, "Let us not arrest Jesus [during the festival]." The ULB does not overtly represent this implied information, while the UDB does.
+  * The ULB reflects as much as reasonably possible the written style of the original. It has, for example, "Paul ... to Timothy..." instead of English's preferred, "Dear Timothy, this is Paul." The UDB has "I, Paul..., am writing this to Timothy."
+  * The ULB departs from closely representing the structures of the original only when it must do so for the sake of clarity in English.
+  * Even when the ULB is ambiguous or not entirely clear (as is often true of the original), the ULB must never promote to the translator the wrong meaning.
+## Viewing
+To read or print the ULB, see the ULB project on Bible in Every Language (https://door43.org/u/WycliffeAssociates/en_ulb).
+
+
+

00-About_the_ULB/ULB-3-Appendix.md

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+# Appendix to the ULB
+
+## Decisions Concerning the ULB
+The following are decisions that have been made concerning the ULB. This is not a comprehensive list, but it is here to help those who might wonder why the ULB is as it is.
+
+### ULB Style
+The following are details concerning the use of punctuation, capitalization, and vocabulary  in the ULB.
+
+  * Titles are capitalized. (Son of Man, King David, the Messiah).
+  * All pronouns, even those referring to God, are lower case (except when beginning sentences and except for the first singular "I").
+  * Quotation marks are used at the beginning and ending of direct speech. They are not used at the beginning of each verse, even though the speech may span several verses.
+  * Punctuation is normally (not always) inside the quotation marks. 
+  * Contractions are not used in the ULB.
+  * Where possible, the ULB editors have used common vocabulary that is easy to translate into another language.
+  * Numbers are written as words if they have only one or two words ("three hundred," "thirty-five thousand"). Otherwise they are written as numerals. ("205," "1,005")
+
+### Footnotes in the ULB
+The ULB has footnotes for the following kinds of issues: 
+* names that have multiple spellings
+* people and places that have multiple names
+* differences in Hebrew and Greek copies that lead to differences in modern versions
+* alternative renderings of verses that are very hard to understand in the original languages
+* differences between copies of the texts in the original languages and the early Greek and Latin translations
+
+The footnotes use the following words in refering to copies and translations:  
+* "Copies" refers to extant copies of the Biblical text, written in the original language, or to copies of the Septuagint or Vulgate.
+* "Text" or "original text" refers to the Hebrew or Greek or Aramaic text compiled from all sources (that is, from all extant copies).
+* "Translation" refers to ancient translations (the Septuagint and the Vulgate) and to modern translations.
+The ULB does not have footnotes for every textual issue, but it does address those that readers are most likely to encounter, particularly readers who have access to translations that were based on manuscripts known before the finding of the Dead Sea scrolls.
+
+## Contributors to the ULB
+  - 'Door43 World Missions Community'
+  - 'Alrick G. Headley, M.Div., Th.M.'
+  - 'Adam W. Nagelvoort, M.Div. Academic Ministries, Columbia International University'
+  - 'Dave Statezni, BA Orig langs., M.Div. Fuller Theological Seminary'
+  - 'Bram van den Heuvel, M.A.'
+  - 'C. Harry Harriss, M.Div.'
+  - 'David Trombold, M. Div.'
+  - 'Elizabeth Oakes, BA in Religious Studies, Linguistics'
+  - 'George "Drew" Curley, M.Div., PhD, Professor of Biblical Languages'
+  - 'Hendrik "Henry" de Vries'
+  - 'Henry Whitney, BA, Education'
+  - 'Jesse Griffin, BA Biblical Studies, MA Biblical Languages'
+  - 'James N. Pohlig, M.Div., MA in Linguistics, D. Litt. in Biblical Languages'
+  - '**John Hutchins**'
+  - 'Larry T Brooks, M.Div., Assemblies of God Theological Seminary'
+  - 'Larry Sallee, D.Min.' 
+  - 'Paul M Fahnestock, M.Div. Reformed Theological Seminary, D. Min. Pittsburgh Theological Seminary'
+  - 'Perry Oakes, PhD in Old Testament, MA in Linguistics'
+  - 'Peter Smircich, BA Philosophy'
+  - **'Robert W. Johnson'**
+  - 'Susan Quigley, MA in Linguistics'
+  - 'Thomas Warren, M.Div., Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, D.Min, Reformed Theological Seminary'
+  - 'Timothy Neu, Ph.D. Biblical Studies'
+  - 'Ward Pyles, M.Div., Western Baptist Theological Seminary'
+  - 'David Trombold'
+  - 'Dean Ropp'
+  - 'Gene Mullen'
+  - 'James Vigen'
+  - 'Leonard Smith'
+  - 'Nicholas Alsop'
+  - 'Michael Francis'
+
+

00-About_the_ULB/ULB-Decisions.for.ULB.Users.md

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ The ULB has footnotes for the following kinds of issues:
 * differences in Hebrew and Greek copies that lead to differences in modern versions
 * alternative renderings of verses that are very hard to understand in the original languages
 * differences between copies of the texts in the original languages and the early Greek and Latin translations
+
 The notes use the following words in refering to copies and translations:  
 * "Copies" refers to extant copies of the Biblical text, written in the original language, or to copies of the Septuagint or Vulgate.
 * "Text" or "original text" refers to the Hebrew or Greek or Aramaic text compiled from all sources (that is, from all extant copies).