# the kingdom of Yahweh

This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon.

# that is held within the hand of the descendants of David

"that the descendants of David hold within their hand" or "which only the descendants of David have the authority to rule". Abijah is claiming that only the descendants of David have the rightful authority to rule Yahweh's kingdom. 

# the golden calves that Jeroboam made

"the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make"