# When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel

This can be stated in active form. AT: "when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# Hadarezer ... Shobak

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

# from beyond the Euphrates River

This means the east side of the Euphrates River.

# They came to Helam

Here "came to" can be translated as "went to" or "gathered at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])

# Helam

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

# at their head

This phrase refers to a position of authority. AT: "leading them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])