# Like valleys they spread out

Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were numerous enough to cover entire valleys. 

# like gardens by the riverside

Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they were well-watered gardens that produce an abundant harvest. 

# aloes planted by Yahweh

"aloes which Yahweh has planted". Aloes are plants with a pleasant smell that grow well even in dry conditions. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they would thrive and be pleasant like aloe plants. 

# like cedars beside the waters

Cedar trees were the largest trees in Israel. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they grew as large as well-watered cedar trees.