# this daughter of Abraham

"this descendant of Abraham"

# whom Satan bound

"whom Satan kept crippled by her illness" or "whom Satan bound with this disease" 

# eighteen long years

The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. 

# should her bonds not be untied on the Sabbath day?

Jesus speaks about the woman's disease as if it were ropes that bound her.  Alternate translation: "it is right to untie the bonds of her illness on the Sabbath day."