PDF Ruth

jol/02/13.md

@@ -6,6 +6,3 @@ The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one's cloth
 
 The abstract noun "love" can be stated with the verb "love." Alternate translation: "always showing you that he loves you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# turn from
-
-"stop"

jol/03/04.md

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the peo
 
 "Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: "You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# I will immediately return your retribution on your own head
+# I will immediately return your repayment on your own head
 
-Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
+Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to suffer the way you wanted me to suffer when you repaid me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
 
-# retribution
+# repayment
 
-"revenge" or "payback"
+This refers to Yahweh harming those who have harmed him, not to him giving them something good because they have done something good for him.
 

jol/03/13.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
 
 Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: "Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous
+# The vats overflow, for their wickedness is great
 
 Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

rut/01/03.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# she was left with her two sons
+# she was left alone with her two sons
 
 "Naomi had only her two sons with her"
 

rut/01/05.md

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# leaving Naomi
+# General Information:
-
-Naomi was widowed.
 
+This page has intentionally been left blank.

rut/01/06.md

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 The word "arose" here means that Naomi began to act, and her daughters-in-law saw her, so they began to act also. Alternate translation: "she started to return, and her daughters-in-law also returned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# she had heard in the region of Moab
+# she had heard in the country of Moab
 
-"while Naomi was living in Moab she heard." It is implied that the news came from Israel. Alternate translation: "she heard from Israel while in the region of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+"while Naomi was living in Moab she heard." It is implied that the news came from Israel. Alternate translation: "she heard from Israel while in the country of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
 # Yahweh
 
 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
 
-# had helped his people in need
+# had visited his people
 
 God saw their need and provided good harvests for them.
 

rut/01/21.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty
+# I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me back again empty
 
 When Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy.
 
-# condemned me
+# testified against me
 
-"judged me guilty"
+Another possible meaning is "judged me guilty."
 
 # has afflicted me
 

rut/02/09.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Boaz used this question to emphasize what he had already done to help Ruth. Alte
 
 Possible meanings are 1) the men were not to harm Ruth or 2) the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field.
 
-# the water that the men have drawn
+# the water that the young men have drawn
 
 To draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel.
 

rut/02/10.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-# she bowed down before Boaz, touching her face to the ground
+# she fell on her face before Boaz and bowed to the ground
 
-These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction])
+This hendiadys describes an act of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her by kneeling or lying on the ground and putting her face on the ground. It was also a posture of humility. Alternate translation: "she bowed before Boaz with her face to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction])
+
+# bowed to the ground
+
+Some versions read, "lay on the ground."
 
 # Why have I found such favor ... a foreigner?
 

rut/02/15.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# As she got up to gather up grain, Boaz commanded his young men
+# As she got up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men
 
-In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. Alternate translation: "And when Ruth got up to gather up grain, Boaz privately told his young men"
+In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz's instructions. Alternate translation: "And when Ruth got up to glean, Boaz privately told his young men"
 
 # As she got up
 

rut/03/04.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would b
 
 "lie down at his feet"
 
-# Then he will tell you what to do
+# Then he will explain to you what are to do
 
 The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer.
 

rut/03/10.md

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-# more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning
+# You have made your latest kindness better than the first
 
-"even more kindness now than before"
+"You have shown me even more kindness now than you did before"
 
-# more kindness in the latter end
+# your latest kindness
 
 This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi.
 
-# at the beginning
-
-This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them.
-
 # because you have not gone after
 
 "you have not pursued marriage with." Ruth could have ignored Naomi's need and looked for a husband for herself outside of Naomi's relatives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])

rut/04/06.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# damaging my own inheritance
+# destroying my own inheritance
 
 He would have to give some of his own wealth to the children that Ruth might bear.
 

rut/04/07.md

@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ The writer of the book explains of the custom of exchange during the time of Rut
 
 "in earlier times." This implies that the customs had changed from when the story took place until the book was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
 
-# his shoe
-
-"his sandal"
-
 # his neighbor
 
 This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his shoe.