diff --git a/amo/01/01.md b/amo/01/01.md index a2f00b180c..cca7a65d3b 100644 --- a/amo/01/01.md +++ b/amo/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # General Information: -God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God speaks through Amos using poetic language. # the shepherds from Tekoa, ... concerning Israel -Tekoa is the name of a town or village in Judah, but this message is primarily to the northern kingdom of Israel. It seems that Amos was one of a group of shepherds who had left Tekoa to work in Israel, and while he was there at work, God gave him these words (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Tekoa is the name of a town or village in Judah, but this message is primarily to the northern kingdom of Israel. # saw -If your language uses a word for "see" only in poetry or mostly to indicate seeing in a vision or dream, you might want to use it here. +If your language has a word for "see" that it uses only in poetry or mostly to indicate seeing in a vision or dream, you might want to use it here. # in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel -The words "in the days of" is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: "when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# two years before the earthquake - -The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel" diff --git a/amo/01/02.md b/amo/01/02.md index a2146e0ce8..b987a3abd7 100644 --- a/amo/01/02.md +++ b/amo/01/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Yahweh will roar from Zion; he will raise his voice from Jerusalem -These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that Yahweh shouts loudly as he prepares to judge the nation. # Yahweh will roar -The author speaks of the voice of Yahweh as if it sounded like the roar of a lion or the roar of thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The author speaks of the voice of Yahweh as if it sounded like the roar of a lion or the roar of thunder. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. diff --git a/amo/01/03.md b/amo/01/03.md index 271200eb90..fa394305b6 100644 --- a/amo/01/03.md +++ b/amo/01/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # For three sins of ... even for four -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. +This indicates that the people had sinned repeatedly. # Damascus -Here "Damascus" represents the people of the city of Damascus. Alternate translation: "the people of Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Damascus" # I will not turn away punishment -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. Alternate translation: "I will certainly punish those people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"I will certainly punish those people" # they threshed Gilead with sharp threshing sledges of iron -Yahweh speaks of how the people of Damascus treated the people of Gilead as if they had threshed grain with sharp iron tools or weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Gilead - -Here "Gilead" represents the people of the region of Gilead. Alternate translation: "the people of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they treated the people of Gilead harshly, as if they were threshing grain with sharp iron tools" diff --git a/amo/01/04.md b/amo/01/04.md index 8daaab095a..0a16e0a8f3 100644 --- a/amo/01/04.md +++ b/amo/01/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# I will send a fire into the house of Hazael +# Hazael ... Ben-Hadad -Here Yahweh speaks of his judgment against the house of Hazael as if it were a consuming fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the house of Hazael - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Hazael's descendants, who were rulers of the country where Damascus was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +These are the names of men. # it will devour the fortresses of Ben-Hadad -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Hazael ... Ben-Hadad - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +it will burn down the fortresses of Ben-Hadad + diff --git a/amo/01/05.md b/amo/01/05.md index ef7f0238a3..ab92980551 100644 --- a/amo/01/05.md +++ b/amo/01/05.md @@ -1,24 +1,16 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus. - # cut off the man -Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"destroy the man" or "drive away the man" -# Valley of Aven +# the man who holds the scepter -This is the name of a place that means "valley of wickedness." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: "the valley of wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# the man who holds the scepter in - -This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: "the ruler of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the man who rules" # Beth Eden -This is the name of a place that means "house of pleasure." Possible meanings are 1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or 2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: "the house of pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a place. # Kir -This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. diff --git a/amo/01/06.md b/amo/01/06.md index 0b7da6df82..df3ce2715a 100644 --- a/amo/01/06.md +++ b/amo/01/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four +# For three sins of Gaza, even for four, I will not turn away punishment -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). +See how you translated similar phrases in verse 3. # Gaza -Here "Gaza" represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: "the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# I will not turn away punishment - -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"the people of Gaza" # hand them over to @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how y # Edom -Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Edom" diff --git a/amo/01/07.md b/amo/01/07.md index f2868e5acb..8473cd7acd 100644 --- a/amo/01/07.md +++ b/amo/01/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # it will devour her fortresses -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"it will burn down Gaza's fortresses" diff --git a/amo/01/08.md b/amo/01/08.md index 08543359db..7842136dbe 100644 --- a/amo/01/08.md +++ b/amo/01/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# Connecting Statement: +# cut off the man ... who holds the scepter -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza. - -# cut off the man - -Here to "cut off" means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "destroy the man" or "drive away the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the man who holds the scepter - -This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: "the ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated these phrases in verse 5. # I will turn my hand against Ekron -Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power that he would use against Ekron. Alternate translation: "I will strike Ekron" or "I will destroy Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will strike Ekron" or "I will destroy Ekron" # Ekron -Here "Ekron" represents the people of the city of Ekron. Alternate translation: "the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Edron was a city. diff --git a/amo/01/09.md b/amo/01/09.md index 759b000b7e..68ff07d308 100644 --- a/amo/01/09.md +++ b/amo/01/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four - -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). - # Tyre -Here "Tyre" represents the people of the city of Tyre. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# I will not turn away punishment - -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"the people of Tyre" # their covenant of brotherhood diff --git a/amo/01/10.md b/amo/01/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2868e5acb..0000000000 --- a/amo/01/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# it will devour her fortresses - -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/amo/01/11.md b/amo/01/11.md index 89933c154d..846d26105e 100644 --- a/amo/01/11.md +++ b/amo/01/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four - -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). - # Edom -Here "Edom" represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# I will not turn away punishment - -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"the people of Edom" # he pursued his brother -The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here "his brother" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "he pursued the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they pursued their brothers, the people of Israel." The people of Edom and the people of Israel were the descendants of Esau and Jacob, who were brothers. # cast off all pity @@ -20,9 +12,9 @@ The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, # His anger tore them apart continually -The abstract noun "anger" can be translated using the adjective "angry." Here it is a metonym for a person who is angry and who tears his victims apart. If your language has a word for "tear apart" that implies that the subject is an animal, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: "He was angry and did great harm to his victims" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"He was angry and continued to do great harm to them." If your language has a word for "tear apart" that implies that the subject is an animal, you might want to use it here. # his wrath lasted forever -The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated using the adjective "furious." This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. Alternate translation: "he was always furious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"he stayed angry forever" diff --git a/amo/01/12.md b/amo/01/12.md index c343f65de6..938e06e02d 100644 --- a/amo/01/12.md +++ b/amo/01/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # Teman ... Bozrah -These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] - -# it will devour the palaces of Bozrah - -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +These are names of places. diff --git a/amo/01/13.md b/amo/01/13.md index 3f93bbf6e6..0d76453012 100644 --- a/amo/01/13.md +++ b/amo/01/13.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four - -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). - -# I will not turn away punishment - -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) - # enlarge their borders "extend their boundaries" or "expand their territory" diff --git a/amo/01/14.md b/amo/01/14.md index 799fccf691..f2355aef76 100644 --- a/amo/01/14.md +++ b/amo/01/14.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon. - -# it will devour the palaces - -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind -The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: "and the fighting will be like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"and the fighting will be like a great storm" # tempest ... whirlwind -These are two kinds of violent storms. - -# whirlwind - -a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage +These are two kinds of violent storms. A whirlwind is a strong wind that spins very quickly. diff --git a/amo/01/15.md b/amo/01/15.md index 21f24e6310..d38b166b3f 100644 --- a/amo/01/15.md +++ b/amo/01/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Their king will go into captivity -The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as the verb "capture." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Their enemies will capture their king and take him away as a prisoner" diff --git a/amo/01/intro.md b/amo/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d392fee92e..0000000000 --- a/amo/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts. - -#### "For three sins of Judah, even for four" -The phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Amos intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/02/01.md b/amo/02/01.md index 80cfcf539f..1aa131d54b 100644 --- a/amo/02/01.md +++ b/amo/02/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # For three sins of ... even for four -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). +This means that the people sinned repeatedly. See how you translated these words in Amos 1:3. # Moab -This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Moab" # I will not turn away punishment -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"I will certainly punish them." See how you translated this in Amos 1:4 -# he burned the bones +# he burned the bones ... to lime -The word "he" refers to Moab. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab burned the bones" - -# to lime - -"to ashes" +"the people of Moab burned the bones ... to ashes" diff --git a/amo/02/02.md b/amo/02/02.md index 0b0b637128..14243f91af 100644 --- a/amo/02/02.md +++ b/amo/02/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab. - # Kerioth -This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -# Moab will die - -Here "Moab" represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: "The people of Moab will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This is the name of a city or town. # in an uproar diff --git a/amo/02/04.md b/amo/02/04.md index c904a4369d..3909dd8a7c 100644 --- a/amo/02/04.md +++ b/amo/02/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four +# For three sins of ... even for four ... I will not turn away punishment -This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). +See how you translated these words in Amos 1:3 and 2:1. # Judah -This represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Judah" -# I will not turn away punishment +# after which their fathers had also walked -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) - -# Their lies - -This expression here probably refers to worshiping false gods or idols. Alternate translation: "Their worship of idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# go astray ... walked - -Worshiping false gods is spoken of as if people were walking behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"which their ancestors also followed" or "the same lies that their ancestors followed" diff --git a/amo/02/05.md b/amo/02/05.md index 71524682ff..5a0103b5ea 100644 --- a/amo/02/05.md +++ b/amo/02/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # it will devour the fortresses of Jerusalem -Here Yahweh's judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"it will burn down the fortresses of Jerusalem." See how you translated a similar phrase in Amos 1:4. diff --git a/amo/02/06.md b/amo/02/06.md index 511812c3a8..9d2994d09a 100644 --- a/amo/02/06.md +++ b/amo/02/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ -# For three sins of ... even for four - -This is a poetic device. It does not meaan that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many of sins had led to God's judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). - # Israel -This represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Israel" -# I will not turn away punishment +# the innocent ... the needy -Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) - -# the innocent - -This refers to innocent people in general. Alternate translation: "innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# the needy - -This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: "needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"innocent people ... needy people" diff --git a/amo/02/07.md b/amo/02/07.md index 7cd487d1c2..961edf23a2 100644 --- a/amo/02/07.md +++ b/amo/02/07.md @@ -1,32 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The word "they" in these verses refers to the people of Israel. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. - -# They trample on the heads of the poor as people trample on dust on the ground - -How the people of Israel treated the poor is compared to how people step heavily on the ground (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # trample repeatedly step heavily or roughly -# the poor +# the poor ... the oppressed -This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# they push the oppressed away - -This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were being treated unfairly (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# the oppressed - -This refers to oppressed people in general. Alternate translation: "oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"poor people ... oppressed people" # go to the same girl -This is a polite way of talking about having sexual relations. Alternate translation: "have sexual relations with the same girl" or "lie with the same girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"have sexual relations with the same girl" or "lie down with the same girl" diff --git a/amo/02/08.md b/amo/02/08.md index 8822f5a9f0..2e03005f1f 100644 --- a/amo/02/08.md +++ b/amo/02/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # those who have been forced to pay a fine -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whom they forced to pay a penalty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"those whom they forced to pay a penalty" diff --git a/amo/02/09.md b/amo/02/09.md index fee3097792..b3ebd185e7 100644 --- a/amo/02/09.md +++ b/amo/02/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: +# the Amorite -The words "them" and "you" in these verses both refer to the people of Israel. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. +"the Amorites" or "the Amorite people" # whose height was like the height of cedars; he was strong as the oaks -This is an exaggeration. It describes how tall and strong the Amorite people were and compares them to the tallest and strongest trees in that region. Alternate translation: "who were tall and strong like great trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# cedars - -cedar trees - -# oaks - -oak trees + "who were tall like cedar trees and strong like oak trees" # Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below -How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. Alternate translation: "Yet I destroyed them completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"Yet I destroyed them completely" diff --git a/amo/02/10.md b/amo/02/10.md index d778b3d918..9205933ccf 100644 --- a/amo/02/10.md +++ b/amo/02/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # General Information: -This page has intentionally been left blank. +The words "you" refers to the people of Israel. diff --git a/amo/02/11.md b/amo/02/11.md index f5a1844ebe..fceacfb26e 100644 --- a/amo/02/11.md +++ b/amo/02/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "your" and "you" in these verses refer to the people of Israel. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. - # raised up -"appointed" +"appointed" or "sent" # Is it not so, people of Israel? -Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"You people of Israel certainly know that this is true!" # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/amo/02/12.md b/amo/02/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/02/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/02/14.md b/amo/02/14.md index aca50722d6..34ca351cd5 100644 --- a/amo/02/14.md +++ b/amo/02/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Escape will perish from the swift -Possible meanings are 1) even people who usually can run fast will be unable to escape, or 2) there will be no safe place to which even fast runners can escape. +"Even people who can run fast will not be able to escape" # the swift ... the strong ... the mighty -These adjectives refer to people in general. Alternate translation: "Swift people ... strong people ... mighty people" or "The strong person ... the strong person ... the mighty person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"Swift people ... strong people ... mighty people" or "The swift person ... the strong person ... the mighty person" diff --git a/amo/02/15.md b/amo/02/15.md index 49532a15b5..37210cbbf9 100644 --- a/amo/02/15.md +++ b/amo/02/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. - # The archer will not stand Here "stand" means to keep one's place in battle. -# the fast runner will not escape - -The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: "the fast runner will be captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - diff --git a/amo/02/16.md b/amo/02/16.md index 1af69d321d..07cb181dd3 100644 --- a/amo/02/16.md +++ b/amo/02/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # flee naked -Possible meanings are 1) this is a metonym for "run away without his weapons" or 2) this is meant literally as "run away wearing no clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are "run away without his weapons" or "run away wearing no clothes." # in that day "at that time" -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - diff --git a/amo/02/intro.md b/amo/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2d9586ac3a..0000000000 --- a/amo/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UDB translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Idiom -You will notice that the phrase "For three sins of Judah, even for four," is used to begin each of these oracles. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/03/01.md b/amo/03/01.md index 79dd33f39d..9dafc466db 100644 --- a/amo/03/01.md +++ b/amo/03/01.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # that Yahweh has spoken against you ... against the whole family -"this word that Yahweh has spoken about you ... about the whole family" or "Yahweh's message about you ... about the whole family" +"that Yahweh has spoken about you ... about the whole family" # you, people of Israel ... the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt -These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt. +These two phrases refer to the same group of people. God is speaking to the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt. # the whole family -Here "the whole family" represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: "the whole nation" or "the whole clan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the whole nation" or "the whole clan" diff --git a/amo/03/02.md b/amo/03/02.md index 26c2e139c5..e94048a23b 100644 --- a/amo/03/02.md +++ b/amo/03/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth - -This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # all the families of the earth -Here "families" represents nations or people groups. Alternate translation: "all the nations of the earth" or "all the clans on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities - -It can be stated clearly that they did not obey God. Alternate translation: "But you did not obey me. Therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"all the nations of the earth" or "all the clans on the earth" diff --git a/amo/03/03.md b/amo/03/03.md index d41fd4690a..c66501f62b 100644 --- a/amo/03/03.md +++ b/amo/03/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # General Information: -Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know concerning what causes things to happen. # Will two walk together unless they have made an appointment? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what must happen in order for two people to walk together. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Two people will walk together only if they have first agreed to walk together." or "You know that two people will walk together only if they have made an appointment to do that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Two people will walk together only if they have first agreed to walk together." or "You know that two people will walk together only if they have made an appointment to do that." diff --git a/amo/03/04.md b/amo/03/04.md index 66d53b0689..2b6d8605e7 100644 --- a/amo/03/04.md +++ b/amo/03/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Will a lion roar in the forest when he has no prey? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to roar. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A lion will roar in the forest only when he has a prey." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"A lion roars in the forest only when it has a prey." # Will a young lion growl from his den if he has caught nothing? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a lion to growl. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A young lion will growl from his den only if he has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"A young lion growls from his den only if he has caught something." diff --git a/amo/03/05.md b/amo/03/05.md index 4aa2512e0b..08e306d40f 100644 --- a/amo/03/05.md +++ b/amo/03/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Amos uses the questions in verses 3-6 to present examples of things that people already know about what causes things to happen and what are the results of things that happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - # Can a bird fall in a trap on the ground when no bait is set for him? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a bird to fall into a trap. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A bird can fall into a trap on the ground only when bait has been set for him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) + "A bird can fall into a trap on the ground only when someone has set bait for it." # Will a trap spring up from the ground when it has not caught anything? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what causes a trap to spring up. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "A trap will spring up from the ground only when it has caught something." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Will a trap spring up from the ground - -This refers to a trap closing. When an animal steps on a trap, the trap closes and the animal cannot get out of it. Alternate translation: "Will a trap close" +"A trap springs up from the ground only when it has caught something." or "A trap closes only when it has caught something." diff --git a/amo/03/06.md b/amo/03/06.md index 81706f503b..7faad4436a 100644 --- a/amo/03/06.md +++ b/amo/03/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ # If a ram's horn sounds in a city, will the people not tremble? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what they already know about what happens when a ram's horn sounds. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "When the ram's horn sounds in the city, the people will tremble." or "When the ram's horn sounds in the city, we expect that people will tremble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# If a ram's horn sounds in a city - -The purpose of sounding the ram's horn is to warn people that enemies are about to attack the city. Alternate translation: "If someone blows the ram's horn in the city to warn the people about an enemy attack" or "If the warning ram's horn is blown in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# tremble - -The reason for trembling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "tremble because they are afraid" or "be afraid of the enemy and tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"When the ram's horn sounds in the city, surely the people will tremble." or "When someone blows the ram's horn in the city, people will certainly be afraid." Blowing the ram's horn was a warning that enemies were about to attack. # If disaster overtakes a city, has Yahweh not sent it? -Amos uses this question to remind the people of what they should already know about what causes a disaster. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If disaster overtakes a city, Yahweh has sent it." or "If disaster overtakes a city, we know that Yahweh has sent it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# If disaster overtakes a city, - -Something terrible happening to a city is spoken of as if disaster overtakes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) + "If disaster overtakes a city, surely Yahweh has sent it." or "If something terrible happens to city, we know that Yahweh has caused it." diff --git a/amo/03/07.md b/amo/03/07.md index 964c127584..ba1157c2c7 100644 --- a/amo/03/07.md +++ b/amo/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets +# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals his plans to his servants the prophets -The relationship between this sentence and the rhetorical questions in [Amos 3:3](../03/03.md) to [Amos 3:6](./06.md) can be shown with the words "So also." Alternate translation: "So also, the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless he reveals ... prophets - -This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: "Surely the Lord Yahweh will reveal ... prophets before he does anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives]]) - -# his plan - -"his secret plan" +"So also, the Lord Yahweh will not do anything unless he reveals his plans to his servants the prophets" or "Surely the Lord Yahweh will reveal his plans to his servants the prophets before he does anything" diff --git a/amo/03/08.md b/amo/03/08.md index db540a4caf..845f5a462d 100644 --- a/amo/03/08.md +++ b/amo/03/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The lion has roared; who will not fear? -Amos uses this question to remind people of what people do when a lion roars. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The lion has roared; so we know that everyone will be afraid." or "The lion has roared; so of course everyone will be afraid." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The lion has roared; so of course people are afraid." # The Lord Yahweh has spoken; who will not prophesy? -Amos uses this question to emphasize what people should already know about what prophets do when God speaks. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so we know that the prophets will prophesy." or "The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so of course the prophets will prophesy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The Lord Yahweh has spoken; so of course the prophets prophesy." diff --git a/amo/03/09.md b/amo/03/09.md index 8d501e686a..4f52d41a5a 100644 --- a/amo/03/09.md +++ b/amo/03/09.md @@ -2,15 +2,11 @@ This command is to Israel's enemies in Ashdod and Egypt. -# see what great tumults are in her - -The word "her" refers to the city of Samaria. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - # what great tumults are in her -Here "great tumults is in her" refers to people's fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word "tumults" can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. Alternate translation: "how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another" # what oppression is in her -Here "oppression is in her" refers to leaders in Samaria oppressing the people. The abstract noun "oppress" can be stated as "oppress" or "cause to suffer." Alternate translation: "how the leaders oppress people" or "and how they cause people to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"how the leaders in Samaria oppress people" or "and how they cause people to suffer" diff --git a/amo/03/10.md b/amo/03/10.md index 2c075d4ef0..f15843892f 100644 --- a/amo/03/10.md +++ b/amo/03/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# For they do not know how to do right - -The word "they" refers to the people of Samaria. - -# do right - -"do what is right" - # They store up violence and devastation -Here "violence" and "devastation" represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: "They store up things that they have violently stolen from others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They store up things that they have violently stolen" diff --git a/amo/03/11.md b/amo/03/11.md index 5833131c27..2265b6448a 100644 --- a/amo/03/11.md +++ b/amo/03/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says - -It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: "Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # An enemy will surround the land "An enemy army will surround the land" # plunder your fortresses -"steal all the things in your fortresses" +"steal everything in your fortresses" diff --git a/amo/03/12.md b/amo/03/12.md index 0322419000..ec0c7f6bad 100644 --- a/amo/03/12.md +++ b/amo/03/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ # As the shepherd rescues ... so will the people of Israel ... be rescued -The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. # As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear -It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate translation: "As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# As the shepherd ... the lion - -Here the phrases "the shepherd" and "the lion" refer to any shepherd or lion. Alternate translation: "As a shepherd ... a lion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) - -# they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece of a bed - -This phrase shows that they will not be completely rescued. Almost all of their possessions will be stolen. This passage in Hebrew is difficult to understand, and some modern versions interpret it differently. - -# couch - -This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on. +"As a shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear" diff --git a/amo/03/13.md b/amo/03/13.md index a987932d69..fdcdc2814f 100644 --- a/amo/03/13.md +++ b/amo/03/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # the house of Jacob -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. They were the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the descendants of Jacob" # this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) + "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" diff --git a/amo/03/14.md b/amo/03/14.md index 292a6d98f1..f61ef78730 100644 --- a/amo/03/14.md +++ b/amo/03/14.md @@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ # I will also punish the altars of Bethel -People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here "punish the altars" represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: "I will also destroy the altars at Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will also destroy the altars at Bethel" # horns of the altar diff --git a/amo/03/15.md b/amo/03/15.md index c90b243c75..c9cda3b24f 100644 --- a/amo/03/15.md +++ b/amo/03/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ # the winter house with the summer house -Some of the wealthy people had two houses: one that they lived in during the winter and one that they lived in during the summer. This refers to any winter and summer houses. Alternate translation: "the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) + "the houses they live in during the winter and the houses they live in during the summer." Some of the wealthy people had two houses. # The houses of ivory will perish -God speaks of the houses being destroyed as if they were alive and would die. Alternate translation: "The houses of ivory will be destroyed" or "The houses of ivory will collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# The houses of ivory - -"the houses that are decorated with ivory." This refers to houses that had decorations made of ivory on the walls and furniture. Ivory was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had things decorated with ivory. - -# ivory - -the teeth and horns of large animals +"The houses of ivory will be destroyed" or "The houses that are decorated with ivory will collapse." Ivory comes from the teeth and tusks of large animals. It was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had it. # the large houses will vanish -"the large houses will exist no more." Here "vanish" represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: "the large houses will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"the large houses will exist no more" or "the large houses will be destroyed" diff --git a/amo/03/intro.md b/amo/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index f30b79882c..0000000000 --- a/amo/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical Questions -This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: "Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them." The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of "no" because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message. - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/04/01.md b/amo/04/01.md index c7190aedd8..4bf95668c7 100644 --- a/amo/04/01.md +++ b/amo/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # you cows of Bashan, you who are in the mountain of Samaria -Amos speaks to the women of Israel who live in Samaria as if they were well-fed cows. Alternate translation: "you wealthy women who live in the mountains of Samaria, you who are like the well-fed cows of Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you wealthy women who live in the mountains of Samaria, you who are like the well-fed cows of Bashan" # you who oppress the poor -The phrase "the poor" refers to poor people. Alternate translation: "you who oppress poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"you who oppress poor people" # you who crush the needy -Hear "crush" is a metaphor that represents treating people badly. The phrase "the needy" refers to people who need help. Alternate translation: "you who treat needy people badly" or "you who hurt needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"you who hurt needy people" or "you who harm people who need help" diff --git a/amo/04/02.md b/amo/04/02.md index 8ccd96dc71..cd88fe43aa 100644 --- a/amo/04/02.md +++ b/amo/04/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness -This means that Yahweh promised that he would do something, and he assured people that he would do what he promised because he is holy. - -# the days will come on you - -The word "you" refers to the wealthy women of Israel who lived in Samaria, but also includes men. +"The Lord Yahweh has promised, and his holiness confirms it" or "The Lord is holy and he has sworn" # the days will come on you when they will take you away with hooks -A time in the future when bad things will happen to the people is spoken of as if those days will attack the people. The word "they" refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: "There will be a time when your enemies will take you away with hooks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"There will be a time when your enemies will take you away with hooks" # they will take you away with hooks, the last of you with fishhooks -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will capture the people like people catch fish. Alternate translation: "they will capture you as people capture animals, and they take you away" or "they will defeat you and cruelly force you to go away with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"they will capture you as people capture animals and take you all away" diff --git a/amo/04/03.md b/amo/04/03.md index 336ef9caa1..1f9a25779c 100644 --- a/amo/04/03.md +++ b/amo/04/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -God continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # breaks in the city wall places where the enemy had broken down the city wall to enter # you will be thrown out toward Harmon -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will throw you out toward Harmon" or "your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Harmon - -This is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. Some modern versions interpret it in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"they will throw you out toward Harmon" or "your enemies will force you to leave the city and go toward Harmon." Harmon is either the name of a place that we do not know, or it refers to Mount Hermon. # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/amo/04/04.md b/amo/04/04.md index 4290d9e9c7..59892800db 100644 --- a/amo/04/04.md +++ b/amo/04/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ # General Information: -God gives several commands in verse 4, but he does so to show that he is angry - -# Connecting Statement: - -God continues to speak to the people of Israel. +The people of Israel only pretended to obey God's commands. So in verses 4 and 5, God gives several commands to show them that he is angry with them for not obeying him fully. # Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply transgression -People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: "You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) + "You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, and you sin even more" # bring your sacrifices ... every three days -God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: "You bring your sacrifices ... every three days, but it does you no good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - -# every three days - -Possible meanings are 1) on the third day or 3) every third day. Some versions have "every three years," because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. +"You bring your sacrifices ... every three days, but it does no good" diff --git a/amo/04/05.md b/amo/04/05.md index d0ca45c579..ae0f44e5c7 100644 --- a/amo/04/05.md +++ b/amo/04/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,4 @@ -# Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice ... proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this is what you love to do - -God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # announce them "boast about them" -# for this is what you love to do, you people of Israel - -Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: "for this is what you love to do, you people of Israel. But it does not please me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase "this is Yahweh's declaration" in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh declares" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - diff --git a/amo/04/06.md b/amo/04/06.md index 61a1db98c0..748a8896d4 100644 --- a/amo/04/06.md +++ b/amo/04/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -God continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # I gave you cleanness of teeth -Here having clean teeth represents having no food in the mouth to make the teeth dirty. Alternate translation: "I caused you to starve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Having clean teeth represents having no food in the mouth to make the teeth dirty. Alternate translation: "I kept food away from your teeth" or "I caused you to starve" -# lack of bread +# and lack of bread -Giving them "lack of bread" represents causing them to lack bread, and "bread" represents food in general. Alternate translation: "I caused you not to have enough food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"and I caused you not to have enough food" # you have not returned to me -Returning to God represents submitting again to him. Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"you have not submitted to me" diff --git a/amo/04/07.md b/amo/04/07.md index 14ddafa2d5..2c6ad2a7b9 100644 --- a/amo/04/07.md +++ b/amo/04/07.md @@ -2,15 +2,7 @@ "I prevented the rain from falling on your crops" -# when there were still three months to the harvest - -It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: "when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # One piece of land was rained on -This can be stated in active form. The phrase "One piece of land" represents any piece of land." Alternate translation: "It rained on one piece of land" or "It rained on some pieces of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the piece of land where it did not rain - -This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: "the pieces of land where it did not rain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) +"It rained on one piece of land" or "Some pieces of land got rain" diff --git a/amo/04/08.md b/amo/04/08.md index f43a5715ac..8e69a9aa31 100644 --- a/amo/04/08.md +++ b/amo/04/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ # Two or three cities staggered -Here "cities" represents the people of those cities. Alternate translation: "The people of two or three cities staggered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# you have not returned to me - -Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"The people of two or three cities staggered" diff --git a/amo/04/09.md b/amo/04/09.md index e2bb80b6e2..283e3ca7b8 100644 --- a/amo/04/09.md +++ b/amo/04/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ # I afflicted you with blight and mildew -Here "afflicted you" represents afflicting their crops. Alternate translation: "I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew" or "I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# blight - -This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert. - -# mildew - -This is another disease that kills plants. +"I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew" or "I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew." Blight and mildew are diseases that kill plants. diff --git a/amo/04/10.md b/amo/04/10.md index da81e8294f..32e3eae77e 100644 --- a/amo/04/10.md +++ b/amo/04/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,16 @@ # I sent a plague on you as on Egypt -"I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt" or "I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt" - -# I sent a plague on you - -"I caused terrible things to happen to you" +"I caused terrible things to happen to you as I did to Egypt" # I killed your young men with the sword -Here "the sword" represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. Alternate translation: "I made your enemies kill your men in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I made your enemies kill your men in battle" # along with the captivity of your horses -Possible meanings are 1) God also killed the horses that the Israelites had captured from other people, or 2) God also captured the Israelites' horses. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"and I caused your horses to be taken captive or "and I made your enemies take your horses captive and kill them" # made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils -A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. Alternate translation: "I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# you have not returned to me - -Returning to God represents submitting again to him. See how you translated this in [Amos 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: "you have not submitted again to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp" diff --git a/amo/04/11.md b/amo/04/11.md index b38b053ebf..4a41ee452b 100644 --- a/amo/04/11.md +++ b/amo/04/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # You were like a burning stick snatched out of the fire -God speaks of those who survived the plague and war as if they were a burning stick that someone pulled out of a fire. Alternate translation: "Some of you survived, like a burning stick that someone pulls out of a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Some of you survived, like a burning stick that someone pulls out of a fire" diff --git a/amo/04/12.md b/amo/04/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index cb49292085..0000000000 --- a/amo/04/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -God continues to speak to the people of Israel. - -# prepare to meet your God - -God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. Alternate translation: "prepare to meet me, your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - diff --git a/amo/04/13.md b/amo/04/13.md index e1f5cd5c73..c26944f005 100644 --- a/amo/04/13.md +++ b/amo/04/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # he who forms the mountains ... reveals his thoughts ... is his name -It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words "I" and "me." Alternate translation: "I who form the mountains ... reveal my thoughts ... is my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. # makes the dawn become darkness -Possible meanings are 1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: "makes the morning dark" or 2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: "makes morning and evening" +"makes the morning dark" # treads on the high places of the earth -God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. Alternate translation: "rules over all the earth" or "rules over even the highest places of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"walks on the high places of the earth" or "and marches on the high places of the earth" # Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name -By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this. +By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. diff --git a/amo/04/intro.md b/amo/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1ea0affff..0000000000 --- a/amo/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 4 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in poetic form and is about the people's refusal to listen to Yahweh even as he tries to point them back to himself. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Repetition -This chapter contains a repeated sentence: "Yet you have not returned to me—this is Yahweh's declaration." Please make sure this sentence is translated the same way each time to show the repetition. This repetition produces a list of sins Yahweh is mounting against his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/05/01.md b/amo/05/01.md index 75c8aa0d21..b1461ec8a2 100644 --- a/amo/05/01.md +++ b/amo/05/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of Israel" diff --git a/amo/05/02.md b/amo/05/02.md index cceddffd1d..e8857327ab 100644 --- a/amo/05/02.md +++ b/amo/05/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The virgin Israel has fallen ... no one to raise her up -The phrase "The virgin Israel" represents the nation of Israel. The nation of Israel being destroyed and having no other nation to help them become strong again is spoken of as if it were a young woman who has fallen and has no one to raise her up. Alternate translation: "The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen ... no one to help her get up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The nation of Israel is like a woman who has fallen ... no one to help her get up" # she is abandoned on her land -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People have abandoned her" or "they have left her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"People have abandoned her" or "they have left her" diff --git a/amo/05/03.md b/amo/05/03.md index 5bf51dd5c6..2dc5b85ee8 100644 --- a/amo/05/03.md +++ b/amo/05/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,8 @@ -# The city that went out with a thousand ... the one that went out with a hundred - -These phrases refer to any cities that sent out large numbers of soldiers. Alternate translation: "Cities that went out with a thousand ... cities that went out with a hundred" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) - -# The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred remaining - -The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # The city that went out with a thousand -"The city that went out" represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate translation: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "Cities that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight" # will have a hundred remaining -"will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed" or "will have only a hundred soldiers still alive." Here "remaining" refers to not being killed by the enemy. - -# for the house of Israel - -Possible meanings are 1) "to defend the house of Israel" or 2) "belonging to the house of Israel" - -# house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:1](./01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will have only a hundred soldiers still alive" diff --git a/amo/05/04.md b/amo/05/04.md index 8d3cb14526..516bbc6525 100644 --- a/amo/05/04.md +++ b/amo/05/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:1](./01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # Seek me -Here "Seek me" represents asking God for help. Alternate translation: "Ask me for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Come to me" or "Ask me for help" diff --git a/amo/05/05.md b/amo/05/05.md index a9eb71f717..a3797cf1a7 100644 --- a/amo/05/05.md +++ b/amo/05/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # Do not seek Bethel -Here "seek Bethel" represents going to Bethel to ask for help. Alternate translation: "Do not go to Bethel to ask for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Do not go to Bethel to ask for help" # nor enter Gilgal "and do not enter Gilgal" +# Bethel ... Gilgal ... Beersheeba + +These were all cities. + # For Gilgal will surely go into captivity -Here "Gilgal" represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. Alternate translation: "For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away" or "For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Bethel will become nothing - -Here "become nothing" represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: "Bethel will be completely destroyed" or "enemies will completely destroy Bethel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away" or "For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away" diff --git a/amo/05/06.md b/amo/05/06.md index 058bbd24f7..c827e96f44 100644 --- a/amo/05/06.md +++ b/amo/05/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# Seek Yahweh - -Here "Seek Yahweh" represents asking him for help. Alternate translation: "Ask Yahweh for help" or "Ask me, Yahweh, for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # he will break out like fire -Here "break out like a fire" represents destroying things as fire destroys things. Alternate translation: "he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" or "he will destroy everything like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything" or "he will destroy everything like a fire" # the house of Joseph -This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph" or "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the descendants of Joseph" or "Israel" # It will devour -The word "it" refers to the fire, and "devour" represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. Alternate translation: "It will destroy everything" or "He will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The fire will destroy everything" # there will be no one to quench it -"there will no one to stop it" or "there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything" +"there will no one to stop the fire" diff --git a/amo/05/07.md b/amo/05/07.md index 99829f676a..26a9426fa0 100644 --- a/amo/05/07.md +++ b/amo/05/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # turn justice into a bitter thing -Here "a bitter thing" represents actions that harm people, and "turn justice into a bitter thing" represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. Alternate translation: "say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people" or "refuse to do what is just and harm people instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people" or "refuse to do what is just and harm people instead" # throw righteousness down to the ground -This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. Alternate translation: "treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" or "you despise what is righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt" or "you despise what is righteous" diff --git a/amo/05/08.md b/amo/05/08.md index 978bcc7510..f5d6d5b34f 100644 --- a/amo/05/08.md +++ b/amo/05/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # the Pleiades and Orion -People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate translation: "the stars" or "the groups of stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +"the groups of stars called Paeides and Orion" or "the stars" # he turns deep darkness into the morning ... day dark with night -"he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night." This refers to causing the times of the day. +"he makes the night become morning, and he makes the day become night." # calls for the waters ... on the surface of the earth -This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. Alternate translation: "he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" # Yahweh is his name! diff --git a/amo/05/09.md b/amo/05/09.md index 64bc5736ec..7b9274f077 100644 --- a/amo/05/09.md +++ b/amo/05/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # He brings sudden destruction on the strong -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." The phrase "the strong" refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: "He suddenly destroys the strong people" or "He suddenly destroys the soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"He suddenly destroys the strong people" or "He suddenly destroys the soldiers" # so that destruction comes on the fortresses -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated with the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "so that the fortresses are destroyed" or "and he destroys the fortresses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"so that the fortresses are destroyed" or "and he destroys the fortresses" diff --git a/amo/05/11.md b/amo/05/11.md index 4dd1226469..b8f9123008 100644 --- a/amo/05/11.md +++ b/amo/05/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Amos stops referring to the Israelites ("the house of Joseph," [Amos 5:6](./06.md)) in the third person and begins speaking to them directly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - # you trample down the poor -This metaphor probably refers to forcing the poor to give money and receive nothing in return so that they cannot become wealthy. Alternate translation: "you keep the poor from becoming wealthy" or "you force the poor to pay high rent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you oppress the poor person" or "you oppress poor people" -# the poor +# seize a tribute of wheat from him -"poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# seize a tribute of wheat - -Here Amos specifies that the Israelites ("the house of Joseph," [Amos 5:6](./06.md)) force the poor to give as taxes part of the crops the poor have harvested. +"take some of their wheat as taxes" # worked stone @@ -20,5 +12,5 @@ Here Amos specifies that the Israelites ("the house of Joseph," [Amos 5:6](./06. # you will not drink their wine -The word "their" refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: "you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"you will not drink the wine from the grapes in your vineyards" diff --git a/amo/05/12.md b/amo/05/12.md index 492c9f566a..3fd38a34eb 100644 --- a/amo/05/12.md +++ b/amo/05/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate - -This is a list of some of their sins. - # the just -The word "just" is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. Alternate translation: "just people" or "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"just people" or "righteous people" # take bribes -"let people pay you to do bad things" or "let people pay you to lie about people" +"let people pay you to do bad things" -# turn aside the needy in the city gate +# and turn aside the needy in the city gate -Here "turn aside the needy" represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate translation: "do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# the needy - -The word "needy" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. Alternate translation: "people in need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"and tell needy people who come to the city gate to go away" or "and do not allow needy people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate" diff --git a/amo/05/13.md b/amo/05/13.md index 1c36564ead..fa243328af 100644 --- a/amo/05/13.md +++ b/amo/05/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # any prudent person is silent -Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. Alternate translation: "wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing" +"wise people keep quiet." They do not speak because they fear evil people might harm them. # for it is an evil time -Here "an evil time" represents a time when people are evil and do evil deeds. Alternate translation: "for it is a time when people are evil" or "for people do evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) + "for it is a time when people do evil things" diff --git a/amo/05/14.md b/amo/05/14.md index a0a13693f9..beaca309ae 100644 --- a/amo/05/14.md +++ b/amo/05/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Seek good and not evil -Here "Seek good" represents choosing to do what good. "Good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. Alternate translation: "Choose to do what is good and not what is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Choose to do what is good and not what is evil" diff --git a/amo/05/15.md b/amo/05/15.md index 7c0b549fa9..e7067be1eb 100644 --- a/amo/05/15.md +++ b/amo/05/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # Hate evil, love good -"Hate evil actions, and love good actions." Here "good" and "evil" represent good actions and evil actions. +"Hate evil actions, and love good actions" # establish justice in the city gate -Here "establish justice" represents making sure that justice is done. Alternate translation: "make sure that justice is done in the city gates" or "make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# in the city gate - -City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate translation: "in your courts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"make sure that justice is done at the city gates" or "make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates" # the remnant of Joseph -Here "remnant" refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here "Joseph" represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated "house of Joseph" in [Amos 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph who are still alive" or "those of Israel who survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the descendants of Joseph who are still alive" or "those of Israel who survive" diff --git a/amo/05/16.md b/amo/05/16.md index 5c02dfbac3..4412c34ff4 100644 --- a/amo/05/16.md +++ b/amo/05/16.md @@ -1,28 +1,8 @@ -# this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord - -"this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says" - # Wailing will be in all the squares -"People will wail in all the town squares" +"People will wail in all the town squares" or "people will cry loudly in all the outdoor gathering places" -# Wailing +# and those who know lamentation to wailing -long, loud, sad cries - -# the squares - -broad open places in the town where people gather - -# those who know lamentation to wailing - -The phrase "they will call" is understood from the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: "they will call those who know lamentation to wailing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# those who know lamentation - -"professional mourners" or "those whom people pay to mourn" - -# to wailing - -"to wail" + "and they will call those who know lamentation to wailing" or "and they wil call professional mourners to wail" diff --git a/amo/05/17.md b/amo/05/17.md index 795621c561..675140f2aa 100644 --- a/amo/05/17.md +++ b/amo/05/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will pass through your midst -God speaks of punishing the people as if he were to come and punish them while walking through the group of them. Alternate translation: "I will come and punish you" or "I will punish you" +"I will come and punish you" diff --git a/amo/05/18.md b/amo/05/18.md index 574924a7ad..2d89f4b7ee 100644 --- a/amo/05/18.md +++ b/amo/05/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? -God uses this question to rebuke the people for saying that they want the day of Yahweh to be soon. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You long for the day of Yahweh." or "You should not long for the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Why do you want the day of Yahweh to come?" # It will be darkness and not light -Here "darkness" represents a time when disasters happen, and "light" represents a time when good things happen. Alternate translation: "It will be a time of darkness and disaster, not of light and blessing" or "On that day there will be disasters, not blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It will be a time of darkness and disaster, not of light and blessing" diff --git a/amo/05/19.md b/amo/05/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/05/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/05/20.md b/amo/05/20.md index 791ccf48c1..61fce1b176 100644 --- a/amo/05/20.md +++ b/amo/05/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? -This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" or "Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!" # Gloom and no brightness? -The words "Will not the day of Yahweh be" is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "It will be a time when terrible things, not good things, happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) + "Will it not be a time of gloom and no brightness?" or "It will be a time of gloom without any brightness." diff --git a/amo/05/21.md b/amo/05/21.md index 651a82f964..4ff6e759d8 100644 --- a/amo/05/21.md +++ b/amo/05/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I hate, I despise your festivals -The word "despise" is a strong word for "hate." Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's hatred for their religious festivals. Alternate translation: "I hate your festivals very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"I hate your festivals very much" # I take no delight in your solemn assemblies diff --git a/amo/05/22.md b/amo/05/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/05/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/05/23.md b/amo/05/23.md index b50d1b08e5..93f07c9fcd 100644 --- a/amo/05/23.md +++ b/amo/05/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # Remove from me the noise of your songs -This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: "Stop singing your noisy songs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# noise - -unpleasant sounds +"Stop singing your noisy songs" diff --git a/amo/05/24.md b/amo/05/24.md index 5314e5506d..e50e7ce1b1 100644 --- a/amo/05/24.md +++ b/amo/05/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream -This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: "let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream" or "let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) + "let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream" or "let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops" diff --git a/amo/05/25.md b/amo/05/25.md index 269d61017f..11216adf5d 100644 --- a/amo/05/25.md +++ b/amo/05/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Did you bring me sacrifices ... Israel? -Possible meanings are 1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: "You did not bring me sacrifices ... Israel." or 2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: "You did not have to bring me sacrifices ... Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings are "You did not bring me sacrifices ... Israel." or "It was not to me that your brought sacrifices ... Israel." # Did you bring -God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "Did your ancestors bring" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "Did your ancestors bring" # house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +See how you translated this in Amos 5:1. diff --git a/amo/05/26.md b/amo/05/26.md index 48ced5ac53..c93afdff2b 100644 --- a/amo/05/26.md +++ b/amo/05/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan -Here "lifted up the images" represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: "You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth ... and Kaiwan" # Sikkuth ... Kaiwan -These are the names of two false gods. The people had made images to represent them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -# Kaiwan - -Some versions write this as "Kiyyun." +These are the names of two false gods. The people had made images to represent them. diff --git a/amo/05/27.md b/amo/05/27.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/05/27.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/05/intro.md b/amo/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e0011fa7a4..0000000000 --- a/amo/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 5 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Place Names -This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -#### City gate -The "city gate" is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/06/01.md b/amo/06/01.md index 3918e195f8..5119fc230f 100644 --- a/amo/06/01.md +++ b/amo/06/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # who are at ease -"who feel safe." The people are comfortable and not concerned that God will judge them. +"who feel safe." The people are not concerned that God will judge them. # the notable men of the most important of the nations -"the most important men of this great nation." Yahweh may be using irony to describe how these men think of themselves. Alternate translation: "the men who think they are the most important people in the most important nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"the respected men of the most important nation." or "you important people in the most important nation" -# the house of Israel comes +# the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. Alternate translation: "the Israelites come" or "the Israelite people group comes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# comes for help - -Here "comes" can be stated as "goes." Alternate translation: "goes for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-go]]) +"the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" diff --git a/amo/06/02.md b/amo/06/02.md index 1e0f30cb12..1fbe7bb569 100644 --- a/amo/06/02.md +++ b/amo/06/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Kalneh -This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was the name of a city. # Are they better than your two kingdoms? -The notable men use this question to emphasize that the kingdoms of Israel and Judah are better than those other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "Your two kingdoms are better than they are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"They are not better than your two kingdoms." # Is their border larger than your border? -The notable men use this question to emphasize that their kingdoms are larger than those other kingdoms. Alternate translation: "Their border is smaller than yours." or "Those countries are smaller than Judah and Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Their border is not bigger than your border." or "Their land is not bigger than yours." diff --git a/amo/06/03.md b/amo/06/03.md index 02ecbe9d9d..e8d57212a6 100644 --- a/amo/06/03.md +++ b/amo/06/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # to those who put off the day of disaster -Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the "day of disaster" were an object the people could put far from themselves. Alternate translation: "to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) + "to those who refuse to believe that disaster will soon come to them" # and make the throne of violence come near -Here "throne" is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing "violence" to rule them. Alternate translation: "but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"and cause a reign of violence to come to them" diff --git a/amo/06/04.md b/amo/06/04.md index 985b9a7bf9..c6d45fe7eb 100644 --- a/amo/06/04.md +++ b/amo/06/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,4 @@ -# lie down ... lounge - -Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat. - # beds of ivory -"beds decorated with ivory" or "costly beds" - -# ivory - -a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - -# lounge - -lie around like lazy people - -# couches - -soft seats large enough to lie down on +"beds decorated with ivory." Ivory comes from the teeth and tusks of large animals. It was very expensive, so only the wealthy people had it. diff --git a/amo/06/06.md b/amo/06/06.md index 4e225286b6..83ccaefb5e 100644 --- a/amo/06/06.md +++ b/amo/06/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # drink wine from bowls -This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. # they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph -Here "Joseph" represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph being destroyed" or "they do not care that enemies attack Israel." Here "Joseph" represents the people of Israel. diff --git a/amo/06/08.md b/amo/06/08.md index d92b56d89a..ad1b718a3b 100644 --- a/amo/06/08.md +++ b/amo/06/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh, the God of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the God of hosts, declare" # I detest the pride of Jacob -Here "Jacob" represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# I hate his fortresses - -It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant" diff --git a/amo/06/09.md b/amo/06/09.md index 08d26229ae..1cbd90a3ca 100644 --- a/amo/06/09.md +++ b/amo/06/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -In 6:9-10 Amos gives an example of the kinds of things that will happen when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. - # if ten men remain in one house, they will all die -This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: "if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"if ten men stay in a house, even they will all die" diff --git a/amo/06/10.md b/amo/06/10.md index eae6cb84c9..21702c62e8 100644 --- a/amo/06/10.md +++ b/amo/06/10.md @@ -1,26 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: +# the one who burns him -This verse is unclear in the Hebrew and is translated in many different ways. - -# his relative or the one who burns him - -Possible meanings of the "relative" and the "one who burns him" are 1) they are the same person or 2) they are different people. - -# his relative ... burns him - -Possible meanings are 1) "his" and "him" refer to the person who has died, or 2) only "burns him" refers to the person who has died, and "his relative" could be translated as "a relative." - -# the one who burns - -This phrase translates a word that refers to a person whose duty is to burn the bodies of family members who have died and for some reason cannot be buried. +This refers to a person whose duty was to burn the bodies of people who died and for some reason could not be buried. # in the inner room -You may need to make specific that the house had one or more inner or back rooms in which people could hide from those in the outer or front room where the dead body was lying. - -# Then he will say, "Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh's name." - -Possible meanings are 1) the speaker is the one who asked the question, or 2) the speaker is the one hiding in the inner room. +This was a room further inside the house. # we must not mention Yahweh's name diff --git a/amo/06/11.md b/amo/06/11.md index b32146812c..79304354cd 100644 --- a/amo/06/11.md +++ b/amo/06/11.md @@ -4,17 +4,5 @@ # the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits -These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between "the big house" and "the little house" means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: "all the houses will be smashed into small pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - -# the big house will be smashed to pieces - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the enemy will smash the big house to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# to pieces ... to bits - -You can use the same word for both of these phrases. - -# the little house to bits - -This can be stated with the understood information included and also in active form. Alternate translation: "the little house will be smashed to bits" and "enemies will smash the little house to bits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"big houses and small housees will be smashed to pieces" or "the enemy will smash the big houses and the small house to pieces" diff --git a/amo/06/12.md b/amo/06/12.md index c9614e6db1..03b8c7f531 100644 --- a/amo/06/12.md +++ b/amo/06/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: +# Do horses run on the rocky cliffs? Does one plow there with oxen? -Amos uses two rhetorical questions to draw attention to the rebuke that follows. - -# Do horses run on the rocky cliffs? - -It is impossible for a horse to run on rocky cliffs without getting hurt. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. Alternate translation: "Horses do not run on rocky cliffs." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Does one plow there with oxen? - -One does not plow on rocky ground. Amos uses this rhetorical question to rebuke them for their actions. Alternate translation: "A person does not plow with oxen on rocky ground." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that horses do not run on rocky cliffs. You know that people do not plow with oxen on rocky cliffs." # Yet you have turned justice into poison -Distorting what is just is spoken of as if the leaders "turned justice into poison." Alternate translation: "Yet you distort what is just" or "But you make laws that hurt innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yet you have distorted justice so that it is like poisong" or "Yet what you call justice is like poison" -# the fruit of righteousness into bitterness - -This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. Alternate translation: "you distort what is right" or "you punish those who do what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +# and the fruit of righteousness into bitterness +"and the fruit of rigteousness so it is like bitter plants" or "and what you call righteousness is like bitter plants" diff --git a/amo/06/13.md b/amo/06/13.md index c361c6a020..5a3a88bb18 100644 --- a/amo/06/13.md +++ b/amo/06/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Lo Debar ... Karnaim -These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are names of towns. # Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? -The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. Alternate translation: "We captured Karnaim by our own power!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We captured Karnaim by our own power!" diff --git a/amo/06/14.md b/amo/06/14.md index f8ee038ae2..03c6c1063c 100644 --- a/amo/06/14.md +++ b/amo/06/14.md @@ -4,17 +4,5 @@ # house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# this is the declaration of Yahweh, the God of hosts - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - -# from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah - -Here "Lebo Hamath" represents the northern border of Israel, and "brook of the Arabah" represents the southern border. Alternate translation: "from the northern border of your nation to the southern border" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# brook - -a small river that flows only during the wet season +"people of Israel" or "you people of Israel" See how you translated this in Amos 5:1. diff --git a/amo/06/intro.md b/amo/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 342b2f5eb1..0000000000 --- a/amo/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues to be written in poetic style except for verses 9-10, which are in prose. These two verses contain many interested features. - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -Verses 9-10 will probably be difficult to translate because the situation is vague and details don't appear to align easily. It is appropriate to translate these verses with some ambiguity remaining. It may be helpful to read many different versions prior to translating these verses. - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/07/02.md b/amo/07/02.md index c8308424c8..869be492d7 100644 --- a/amo/07/02.md +++ b/amo/07/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # please forgive -The words "your people" or "us" are understood. Alternate translation: "please forgive your people" or "please forgive us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) + "please forgive your people" or "please forgive us" # how will Jacob stand? For he is so small. -Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. The word "stand" is a metonym for surviving. Alternate translation: "how will we Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) + "how will Istrael survive? We are so small and weak!" Here, "Jacob" refers to the nation of Israel. diff --git a/amo/07/03.md b/amo/07/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/07/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/07/04.md b/amo/07/04.md index e97e5bf9d6..2506245e1b 100644 --- a/amo/07/04.md +++ b/amo/07/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Look - -The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this. - # the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge -"the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people" +"the Lord Yahweh used fire to punish the people" diff --git a/amo/07/05.md b/amo/07/05.md index b857bd6bf7..5a6bb1edac 100644 --- a/amo/07/05.md +++ b/amo/07/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # how will Jacob stand? For he is so small. -Here "Jacob" represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](../07/02.md). The word "stand" is a metonym for surviving. Alternate translation: "how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +See how you translated this in Amos 7:2. diff --git a/amo/07/06.md b/amo/07/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/07/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/07/07.md b/amo/07/07.md index 0776a56c8f..2514b60067 100644 --- a/amo/07/07.md +++ b/amo/07/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# plumb line +# a plumb line -thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down +a thin rope with a weight at one end. Builders hod it by a wall to make sure the wall stands straight up and down. diff --git a/amo/07/08.md b/amo/07/08.md index e2b73ef7fc..e304f24c6e 100644 --- a/amo/07/08.md +++ b/amo/07/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # what do you see? -Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: "tell me what you see." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"tell me what you see." # I will put a plumb line among my people Israel -Judging the people and determining they are wicked is spoken of as if the Israelites were a wall, and Yahweh determines the wall is not straight by using a plumb line. Alternate translation: "my people Israel are wicked. They are like a wall that is not straight up and down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will hold a plumb line next to my people Israel" or "I will test my people Israel like a builder with a plumb line" diff --git a/amo/07/09.md b/amo/07/09.md index b91276069f..6e9c9cc487 100644 --- a/amo/07/09.md +++ b/amo/07/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword - -Here "sword" represents an army. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # Isaac ... Israel -Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Isaac ... the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the descendants of Isaac ... the people of Israel" # the house of Jeroboam -Here "house" represents "family." Translate "Jeroboam" as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md), and see how you translated "house of" in [Amos 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "Jeroboam and his family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Jeroboam's family" or "Jeroboam's dynasty" diff --git a/amo/07/10.md b/amo/07/10.md index 4e462e6d16..a4d31c9a9f 100644 --- a/amo/07/10.md +++ b/amo/07/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# Amaziah, the priest of Bethel - -Possible meanings: 1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or 2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. - # Amaziah -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. # Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel -"Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you" - -# house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Amos is right here among the people of Israel, and he is planning to do bad things to you" # The land cannot endure all his words -Here "land" represents "people." Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos's words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. Alternate translation: "What he is saying disturbs the peace among the people" or "His message will cause trouble among the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"What he is saying will cause trouble among the people in this land" diff --git a/amo/07/11.md b/amo/07/11.md index 602d20d8f7..8177fccc58 100644 --- a/amo/07/11.md +++ b/amo/07/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Jeroboam will die by the sword -Here "sword" represents the enemies. Alternate translation: "Enemies will kill Jeroboam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Jeroboam will be killed with a sword diff --git a/amo/07/12.md b/amo/07/12.md index 484e8ddf6a..8dc1c70dc0 100644 --- a/amo/07/12.md +++ b/amo/07/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # there eat bread and prophesy -Here "eat bread" is an idiom that means to earn money or make a living for doing something. Alternate translation: "see if you can get the people there to pay you for prophesying" or "prophesy there and let them provide you with food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"earn your bread and prophecy there" or "earn a living by prophesying there" diff --git a/amo/07/13.md b/amo/07/13.md index 55e59ee7a0..e568061002 100644 --- a/amo/07/13.md +++ b/amo/07/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal house -Here "king's sanctuary" and "royal house" refer to the same place. Alternate translation: "this is where the national temple is, the place where the king worships" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"this is where the national temple is, the place where the king worships" diff --git a/amo/07/14.md b/amo/07/14.md index 8155b2c1f4..e56c401acd 100644 --- a/amo/07/14.md +++ b/amo/07/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # herdsman -This here probably means "one who takes care of sheep" since he is called a "shepherd" in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). - -# sycamore fig trees - -Sycamores are broad trees that grow up to 15 meters tall. Alternate translation: "fig trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +"one who takes care of sheep" or "sheperd" diff --git a/amo/07/15.md b/amo/07/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/07/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/07/16.md b/amo/07/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0b4577ecb..0000000000 --- a/amo/07/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# Now - -Here the word "now" is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. - -# do not speak against the house of Isaac - -Here "house" represents the family or descendants of Isaac. Alternate translation: "do not speak against the descendants of Isaac" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/amo/07/17.md b/amo/07/17.md index eb04bd587a..e1ba2eb792 100644 --- a/amo/07/17.md +++ b/amo/07/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword -Here "sword" represents enemies. Alternate translation: "enemies will kill your sons and daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) + "enemies will kill your sons and daughters" # your land will be measured and divided up -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"other people will take your land and divide it up among themselves" # an unclean land -A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: "a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"a pagan country" or "a foreign land." An unclean land is a country of people who are unacceptable to God. diff --git a/amo/07/intro.md b/amo/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0605a4ba5..0000000000 --- a/amo/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out his judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Reported speech -In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of "reported speech." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 7:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/08/01.md b/amo/08/01.md index 0344820a12..c6c3342357 100644 --- a/amo/08/01.md +++ b/amo/08/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # Look, a basket of summer fruit! -The word "look" here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: "I saw a basket of summer fruit!" - -# summer fruit - -"ripe fruit" +"a basket of ripe fruit."T he word "look" shows that Amos saw something interesting. diff --git a/amo/08/02.md b/amo/08/02.md index ea5a414452..b3b0c0ac83 100644 --- a/amo/08/02.md +++ b/amo/08/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # What do you see, Amos? -Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: "Tell me what you see, Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Tell me what you see, Amos." diff --git a/amo/08/04.md b/amo/08/04.md index 8bd4e1556b..a2fe6b8ca8 100644 --- a/amo/08/04.md +++ b/amo/08/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# Listen to this - -Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor. - # you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land -This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives "the needy" and "the poor." Alternate translation: "you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# you who trample - -Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. Alternate translation: "you who harm" or "you who oppress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor" or "you who oppress needy people and destroy poor people" diff --git a/amo/08/05.md b/amo/08/05.md index 1c3d063d79..3c3b257da6 100644 --- a/amo/08/05.md +++ b/amo/08/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # They say, "When will the new moon be over, so we can sell grain again? When will the Sabbath day be over, so that we can sell wheat? -The merchants use theses question to emphasize that want to start selling their items again. This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "They are always asking when the new moon will be over or when the Sabbath will be over so that can sell their grain and wheat again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) - -# We will make the measure small and increase the price, as we cheat with deceitful scales - -The merchants would use false scales that showed that the amount of grain they were giving was greater than it really was and that the weight of the payment was less than it really was. +"The are always asking when the new moon will finish or the Sabbath will finish so that can sell their grain and wheat again." diff --git a/amo/08/06.md b/amo/08/06.md index e671e23483..a29ad293f9 100644 --- a/amo/08/06.md +++ b/amo/08/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the needy for a pair of sandals +# and the needy for a pair of sandals -The words "and buy" are understood. Alternate translation: "buy the needy for a pair of sandals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"and buy needy people for a pair of sandals" diff --git a/amo/08/07.md b/amo/08/07.md index b910c49638..6db2157a80 100644 --- a/amo/08/07.md +++ b/amo/08/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob -Here "pride of Jacob" is a title for Yahweh. Also "Jacob" represents his descendants, the Israelites. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has sworn by himself, saying" or "Yahweh, of whom the Israelites are so proud, has sworn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh has sworn by himself, the Pride of Jacob" or "Yahweh has sworn by himself, the excellence of Israel" diff --git a/amo/08/08.md b/amo/08/08.md index e21b87be02..3f4282f315 100644 --- a/amo/08/08.md +++ b/amo/08/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # Will not the land quake for this, and everyone who lives in it mourn? -Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and everyone who lives in it will mourn." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# All of it will rise up like the Nile River ... like the river of Egypt - -Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Because of this, the land will shake, and everyone who lives in it will mourn." # river of Egypt diff --git a/amo/08/10.md b/amo/08/10.md index 405f193f40..01b2c0f36e 100644 --- a/amo/08/10.md +++ b/amo/08/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # have baldness on every head -A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. Alternate translation: "cause you all to shave your heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"cause you all to shave your heads." People would shave their heads to show that they were grieving. # like mourning for an only son -It is understood that the only son has died. Alternate translation: "like mourning for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"like mourning for an only son who has died" -# a bitter day to its end +# and a bitter day to its end -Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: "everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"and everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow" diff --git a/amo/08/11.md b/amo/08/11.md index 5c4bbf2b09..305d3f6bb8 100644 --- a/amo/08/11.md +++ b/amo/08/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # the days are coming -This speaks of a future time as if "days are coming." Alternate translation: "there will be a time" or "in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"there will be a time" or "in the future" # when I will send a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh -Yahweh refusing to give messages when the people want to hear from him is spoken of as if there would be a famine of his words. Alternate translation: "when I will cause something like a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the words of Yahweh - -This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "words from me, Yahweh" or "my messages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) + "when I will cause something like a famine in the land ... but for hearing the words of Yahweh" diff --git a/amo/08/12.md b/amo/08/12.md index d3d661b7dc..14e90a0e17 100644 --- a/amo/08/12.md +++ b/amo/08/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh - -Here "sea to sea" and "the north to the east" represent all of the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - # from sea to sea -This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"from the Dead Sea to the Mediterranean Sea" or "from the eastern sea to the western sea" diff --git a/amo/08/13.md b/amo/08/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd6a18b40f..0000000000 --- a/amo/08/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# In that day - -"At that time" - -# faint - -to lose all strength - diff --git a/amo/08/14.md b/amo/08/14.md index 54a2debc2a..f245e74e46 100644 --- a/amo/08/14.md +++ b/amo/08/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # by the sin of Samaria -Here "sin" represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. Alternate translation: "by the false god of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sin" represents the false god the people worshiped in Samaria. Alternate translation: "by the false god of Samaria" -# As your god lives, Dan +# As your god lives, Dan ... As the way to Beersheba exists -This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. - -# As the way to Beersheba exists - -This is probably a reference to the roads that pilgrims would take to Beersheba in order to worship idols there. Again, this is a way of making a solemn oath. They state that the way to Beersheba certainly exists in order to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do. +The people would declare that it is certain that Dan's god is alive or that the road to Beersheba exists to emphasize that they would certainly do what they promised to do. # they will fall -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"they will die" diff --git a/amo/08/intro.md b/amo/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 895adf21c3..0000000000 --- a/amo/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 8 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh's people are sinning and -how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### "This is the declaration of Yahweh" - -This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/amo/09/01.md b/amo/09/01.md index 0ed05aa39f..82dab5a264 100644 --- a/amo/09/01.md +++ b/amo/09/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh shows Amos another vision. - -# Strike the tops ... Break them - -It is uncertain to whom Yahweh is speaking these commands. - # Strike the tops of the pillars so that the thresholds will shake -It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and thresholds of a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# tops of the pillars ... thresholds - -This merism implies that the whole temple will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and thresholds of a temple. # Break them in pieces on all of their heads -Here "heads" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# I will kill the last of them with the sword - -Here "sword" represents an army attacking with their weapons. Alternate translation: "I will send an enemy army to kill the rest of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Break the pillars so that the pieces fall on the heads of all of the people" diff --git a/amo/09/02.md b/amo/09/02.md index cb488bce10..55d216c2b5 100644 --- a/amo/09/02.md +++ b/amo/09/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ -# Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. Though they climb up to heaven, there I will bring them down +# General Information -Yahweh uses an exaggerated image of people fleeing to Sheol or heaven to try to escape being killed. Here "Sheol" and "heaven" are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: "Even if they were to flee to Sheol or to heaven, they would not be able to escape me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh uses an exaggerated image of people fleeing to Sheol or heaven to try to escape being killed. -# there my hand will take them - -Here "hand" represents Yahweh's power. Alternate translation: "I will pull them up from there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +# Though they dig into Sheol, there my hand will take them. + "Even if they dig far down to the place of the dead, I will pull them up from there" diff --git a/amo/09/03.md b/amo/09/03.md index 377d66e502..4a2bdddb97 100644 --- a/amo/09/03.md +++ b/amo/09/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Though they hide on the top of Carmel ... Though they are hidden from my sight in the bottom of the sea -Yahweh gives an exaggerated image of the people fleeing to the top of mount Carmel or to the bottom of the sea to escape being killed. Here "top of Carmel" and "bottom of the sea" are a merism that represents all places. Alternate translation: "Even if they were to hide on the top of Carmel ... Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I could not see them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"Even if they were to hide on the top of the Carmel mountains ... Even if they tried to go the bottom sea, thinking that I would not see them" -# serpent +# the serpent -an unknown fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake +This was a fierce sea animal, not the snake in the garden of Eden and not a common snake. diff --git a/amo/09/04.md b/amo/09/04.md index e181446fed..910668522b 100644 --- a/amo/09/04.md +++ b/amo/09/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Though they go into captivity, driven by their enemies before them -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Though enemies capture them and force them to go to a foreign land" # there will I give orders to the sword, and it will kill them -Here "sword" represents their enemies. Alternate translation: "there I will cause their enemies to kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"there I will cause their enemies to kill them" # I will keep my eyes on them for harm and not for good -Here "eyes" represents seeing. The phrase "keep my eyes on them" is an idiom that means to watch closely. Alternate translation: "I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will watch closely and make sure only bad things happen to them and not good things" diff --git a/amo/09/05.md b/amo/09/05.md index aad02a0bb6..6e4abbc474 100644 --- a/amo/09/05.md +++ b/amo/09/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # all of it will rise up like the River, and sink again like the river of Egypt -Here "the River" and "river of Egypt" both refer to the Nile river. Yahweh causing the land to shake violently is compared to the waters of the Nile river rising and sinking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +All of the land will rise up like the Nile River, and it will sink again like the Nile River of Egypt" " diff --git a/amo/09/06.md b/amo/09/06.md index b243151152..cdef5be996 100644 --- a/amo/09/06.md +++ b/amo/09/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -# he who builds his steps in the heavens +# builds his steps -These are probably the steps that ancient people imagined led up to God's palace in the heavens. However, some modern versions understand the word translated as "steps" here to mean "upper rooms." In either case, "his steps" or "his upper rooms" is probably a metonym for God's palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"his steps" or "his upper rooms" or "his palace" -# has established his vault over the earth +# and has established his vault over the earth -Here "vault" refers to the sky which biblical writers described as being a dome over the earth. Alternate translation: "he sets the sky over the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) + "and has set the sky over the earth" # He calls for the waters of the sea ... on the surface of the earth -This represents God causing the sea water to fall on the earth as rain. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). Alternate translation: "He takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"He takes the waters of the sea and makes them rain down on the surface of the earth." See how you translated this in Amos 5:8. # Yahweh is his name -By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:8](../05/08.md). +By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. See how you translated this in Amos 5:8. diff --git a/amo/09/07.md b/amo/09/07.md index 38e635b2ef..62cd117a05 100644 --- a/amo/09/07.md +++ b/amo/09/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Are you not like the people of Cush to me, ... Israel—this ... declaration—did I not bring up Israel ... the Philistines ... the Arameans from Kir? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Israel are no more special to him than the people of Cush, the Philistines, and the Arameans. Alternate translation: "You people of Israel, you are certainly no more important to me than the people of Cush—this ... declaration—I brought up Israel ... the Philistines ... the Arameans from Kir." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"People of Israel, you are like the people of Cush to me" or "People of Israel, you are no greater than the people of Cush" -# this is Yahweh's declaration +# did I not bring up Israel out of the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Crete, and the Arameans from Kir? -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this i what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Crete, and the Arameans from Kir." # Kir -See how you translated the name of this place in [Amos 1:5](../01/05.md). +See how you translated the name of this place in Amos 1:5. diff --git a/amo/09/08.md b/amo/09/08.md index 581870cb4c..b6bad45381 100644 --- a/amo/09/08.md +++ b/amo/09/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the eyes of the Lord Yahweh are on the sinful kingdom -Here "eyes" represents seeing. Also, Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, see that the people of this kingdom are very sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I, the Lord Yahweh, see that the people of this kingdom are very sinful" # I will destroy it from the face of the earth -The idiom "from the face of the earth" means "completely." Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy this kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will completely destroy this kingdom" # the house of Jacob -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. They were the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: "the descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - + "the descendants of Jacob." See how you translated this in Amos 3:13. diff --git a/amo/09/09.md b/amo/09/09.md index f0573be211..385e19138b 100644 --- a/amo/09/09.md +++ b/amo/09/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# house of Israel +# the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: "you people of Israel" or "you Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) + "you people of Israel" or "the people of Israel" -# I will shake the house of Israel ... as one shakes grain in a sieve, so that not the smallest stone will fall to the ground +# a sieve -The picture here is of grain falling through the sieve and stones being kept out. The idea is that Yahweh will remove all of the sinful people from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# sieve - -a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through +a surface with many small holes that allows small things to fall through the holes and keeps larger things on the surface diff --git a/amo/09/10.md b/amo/09/10.md index 19add7db78..36f83659fe 100644 --- a/amo/09/10.md +++ b/amo/09/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # All the sinners of my people will die by the sword -Here "sword" represents their enemies. Alternate translation: "Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people" # Disaster will not overtake or meet us -Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. Alternate translation: "We will not experience disaster" or "Bad things will not happen to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"We will not experience disaster" or "Bad things will not happen to us" diff --git a/amo/09/11.md b/amo/09/11.md index 746e10ac89..7b1c81c3c5 100644 --- a/amo/09/11.md +++ b/amo/09/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# In that day - -"At that time" - # I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen -Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David's kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. Alternate translation: "David's kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"David's kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again" -# close up its breaches +# and close up its breaches -"I will repair its walls" +"and repair its walls" or "and repair the holes in its walls" # I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old -"I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago" - -# breaches - -parts of a wall that have fallen down +"I will rebuild its ruins and make it like it was long ago" diff --git a/amo/09/12.md b/amo/09/12.md index 93dc8462f0..8a5426292f 100644 --- a/amo/09/12.md +++ b/amo/09/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # all the nations that are called by my name -Here "name" represents Yahweh. The idiom "called by my name" means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. Alternate translation: "all the nations that once belonged to me" or "all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"all the nations that belong to me" or "all the nations claimed in my name." This may refer to nations that Israel had conquered. diff --git a/amo/09/13.md b/amo/09/13.md index 445f0dba1f..bd3ae38210 100644 --- a/amo/09/13.md +++ b/amo/09/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# Look - -The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this. - # the days will come ... when the plowman -A future time is spoken of as if "days will come." Alternate translation: "there will be a time ... when the plowman" or "in the future ... the plowman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"there will be a time ... when the plowman" or "in the future ... the plowman" -# when the plowman ... him who plants seed +# the plowman ... him who plants seed -These are two images of Yahweh restoring prosperity in Israel. This means grain will grow faster than the people can harvest it, and there will be so many grapes, those crushing the grapes will still be working when farmers start planting more vineyards. - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"The one who plows the ground will catch up with the one who gathers the harvest, and the one who crushes grapes will catch up with the who who plants seeds." So much food will grow that people will still be gathering it when it is time to prepare the ground and plant the next crop. # The mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills will flow with it -These two lines mean basically the same thing. The huge amount of grapes and wine in Israel is spoken of as if wine flows down the hills and mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Sweet wine will drip from the mountains and flow in the hills." This is a picture showing that there will be a great amount of grapes and wine. diff --git a/amo/09/14.md b/amo/09/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/amo/09/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/amo/09/15.md b/amo/09/15.md index 8cea549f3c..5d6d1f5b17 100644 --- a/amo/09/15.md +++ b/amo/09/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # I will plant them upon their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land -Bringing the people back to their land and keeping them safe from enemies is spoken of as if Israel were a plant that Yahweh would put in the ground and not let anyone pull the plant up from the ground. Alternate translation: "I will cause them to live in the land forever like a plant that is never uprooted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This picture shows that God will bring his people back to their land and keep them safe from enemies. # they will never again be uprooted from the land -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will ever again uproot them from the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# uprooted - -for a plant and its roots to be pulled out of the ground +"no one will ever again pull them up out of the land" diff --git a/amo/09/intro.md b/amo/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19da9e6d36..0000000000 --- a/amo/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Amos 9 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### "The declaration of Yahweh" -This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. Try to remain consistent in translating this phrase throughout the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Amos 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/amo/front/intro.md b/amo/front/intro.md index e1dd4f6469..0c49d83a60 100644 --- a/amo/front/intro.md +++ b/amo/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Amos -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Amos 1. Amos introduced (1:1) @@ -15,37 +13,17 @@ ### What is the Book of Amos about? -The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh's messages against God's people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh's messages against God's people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULB). Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the "tent of David." This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Amos" or just "Amos." Translators may also call it the "The Book of the Sayings of Amos." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Amos? -The prophet Amos probably wrote this book. He lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Amos came from a poor family. They grew sycamore trees (7:14, 15) and were shepherds ([Amos 1:1](../../amo/01/01.md)). Though Amos was not trained as a prophet, he knew and understood the law of Moses. Also, Amos skillfully used expressive and meaningful words. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### How is justice described in Amos? - -Justice is an important theme in the Book of Amos. Justice means people treating others fairly according to the law of Yahweh. People in Israel were oppressing and taking advantage of poor people, orphans, and widows. Amos explained that Yahweh would prefer that the people act justly rather than sacrifice to him. Truly obeying the law of Moses meant being just to other people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - -### What is a lawsuit? - -Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through the use of courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. Amos uses various legal terms. Part of the book presents events in a courtroom. The people are introduced, the problem is explained, the people are examined, witnesses speak, and a verdict is given. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues +The prophet Amos probably wrote this book. He lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Though Amos was not trained as a prophet, he knew and understood the law of Moses. ### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? -The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. In Amos, "Israel" almost always refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]]) - -### Where do the various narratives begin and end? - -The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs. +The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. In Amos, "Israel" almost always refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. diff --git a/dan/05/01.md b/dan/05/01.md index ae25c34c88..5e2cca3f39 100644 --- a/dan/05/01.md +++ b/dan/05/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) -# for a thousand - -"for 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # he drank wine in front of "he drank wine in the presence of" diff --git a/dan/05/02.md b/dan/05/02.md index cd44c1a74d..af3a048d6b 100644 --- a/dan/05/02.md +++ b/dan/05/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the containers made of gold or silver -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" # containers @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and # Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken -Here "Nebuchadnezzar" refers to Nebuchadnezzar's army. Alternate translation: "his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" diff --git a/dan/05/03.md b/dan/05/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 039a8a77a9..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# out of the temple, the house of God - -"out of God's temple." The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. - diff --git a/dan/05/04.md b/dan/05/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/07.md b/dan/05/07.md index 50558341c9..19afcf8957 100644 --- a/dan/05/07.md +++ b/dan/05/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ # educated men -Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md). +Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. # wise men -This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md). - -# Whoever reads this writing and makes known its interpretation to me will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever reads this writing and makes known its interpretation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. # makes known its interpretation to me -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "tells me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"tells me what it means" # clothed with purple -Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"dressed in royal clothing" # the third highest ruler -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"the number three ruler" diff --git a/dan/05/08.md b/dan/05/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbe1e18f3b..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# make known its interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 5:7](../05/07.md). Alternate translation: "tell what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/09.md b/dan/05/09.md index aebd42b7c0..c4454ff783 100644 --- a/dan/05/09.md +++ b/dan/05/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # the look on his face changed -"his face became even more pale." The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](../05/06.md). +"his face became even more pale." # perplexed diff --git a/dan/05/11.md b/dan/05/11.md index 254a8f29eb..06fabfa501 100644 --- a/dan/05/11.md +++ b/dan/05/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ # the spirit of the holy gods -The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). - -# In the days of your father - -"When your father was ruling" +The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. # light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" # King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king -"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" - -# educated men - -Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md). - +"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/12.md b/dan/05/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0de07cc9a0..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/13.md b/dan/05/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 573a1140d8..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# Then Daniel was brought before the king - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# whom my father the king brought out of Judah - -In this phrase "father" is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/14.md b/dan/05/14.md index 507758f7d0..a39124c9ac 100644 --- a/dan/05/14.md +++ b/dan/05/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # the spirit of the gods -Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). - -# light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. diff --git a/dan/05/15.md b/dan/05/15.md index 5108b61eeb..97109f7deb 100644 --- a/dan/05/15.md +++ b/dan/05/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Now the wise men ... have been brought in before me - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Now the wise men ... have come in before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # they could not make known to me the interpretation of the message -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "they could not interpret the message for me" or "they could not tell me what the message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"they could not interpret the message for me" or "they could not tell me what the message means" diff --git a/dan/05/16.md b/dan/05/16.md index 1337d2923c..5d1ab86d77 100644 --- a/dan/05/16.md +++ b/dan/05/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,4 @@ -# give interpretations ... make known to me its interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "interpret things ... interpret it for me" or "tell what things mean ... tell me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# clothed with purple - -Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# the third highest ruler - -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" diff --git a/dan/05/17.md b/dan/05/17.md index 1272187a72..948921f552 100644 --- a/dan/05/17.md +++ b/dan/05/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Let your gifts be for yourself, and -"I do not want your gifts, so" - -# will tell you the interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "interpret it for you" or "tell you what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I do not want your gifts, so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/18.md b/dan/05/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/19.md b/dan/05/19.md index 9207292c7b..7f57fabe39 100644 --- a/dan/05/19.md +++ b/dan/05/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# all peoples, nations, and languages - -This phrase uses the word "all" as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people from different nations and who speak different languages" # trembled and feared him -These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: "were very afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"were very afraid of him" # He killed those he wanted to die -King Nebuchadnezzar commanded others to do the killing. He did not do it himself. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" # He raised up those he wanted diff --git a/dan/05/20.md b/dan/05/20.md index 03567d0ed0..67d139ea50 100644 --- a/dan/05/20.md +++ b/dan/05/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # his heart was arrogant -Here "heart" refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: "the king was arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the king was arrogant" # his spirit was hardened -Here "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: "the king became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the king became stubborn" # presumptuously @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ rudely and overly confident # he was brought down from his royal throne -Here the phrase "royal throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people took away his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the people took away his kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/21.md b/dan/05/21.md index aa9ad024f8..be4075ad36 100644 --- a/dan/05/21.md +++ b/dan/05/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # He was driven away from humanity -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people chased him away from them" # he had the mind of an animal -Here "mind" represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: "he thought as an animal thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"he thought as an animal thinks" # dew diff --git a/dan/05/22.md b/dan/05/22.md index 0836d1ac35..8021109198 100644 --- a/dan/05/22.md +++ b/dan/05/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # have not humbled your heart -Here "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: "have not humbled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"have not humbled yourself" diff --git a/dan/05/23.md b/dan/05/23.md index 07caec76e2..e16cbd2466 100644 --- a/dan/05/23.md +++ b/dan/05/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # You have lifted yourself up against the Lord -To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: "You have rebelled against the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have rebelled against the Lord" # From his house -What and where "his house" is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"From his temple in Jerusalem" # God who holds your breath in his hand -Here "breath" refers to life and "hand" refers to power or control. Alternate translation: "God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" # all your ways diff --git a/dan/05/24.md b/dan/05/24.md index 469a499c6c..8f5af0fd40 100644 --- a/dan/05/24.md +++ b/dan/05/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # this inscription was written -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it wrote this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it wrote this message" diff --git a/dan/05/25.md b/dan/05/25.md index a729036dbd..34b34cf344 100644 --- a/dan/05/25.md +++ b/dan/05/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # This is the writing that was done -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This is the message that the hand wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"This is the message that the hand wrote" # Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin -These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-transliterate]]) +These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. diff --git a/dan/05/26.md b/dan/05/26.md index 3da42eddb4..a804ae3156 100644 --- a/dan/05/26.md +++ b/dan/05/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the interpretation of the message -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what the message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"what the message means" # 'Mene,' 'God has numbered diff --git a/dan/05/27.md b/dan/05/27.md index 743fd8081b..72606cb6a4 100644 --- a/dan/05/27.md +++ b/dan/05/27.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking -Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" diff --git a/dan/05/28.md b/dan/05/28.md index e351d379bf..cb5d249c93 100644 --- a/dan/05/28.md +++ b/dan/05/28.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This is the singular form of "Pharsin" in 5:25. # your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" diff --git a/dan/05/29.md b/dan/05/29.md index 0bc12f881d..8f744b84ce 100644 --- a/dan/05/29.md +++ b/dan/05/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # A chain of gold was put around his neck -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They put a chain of gold around his neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"They put a chain of gold around his neck" # the third highest ruler -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"the number three ruler" diff --git a/dan/05/30.md b/dan/05/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/31.md b/dan/05/31.md index c8fc82b07b..9110c13790 100644 --- a/dan/05/31.md +++ b/dan/05/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # received the kingdom -"became the ruler of the kingdom" - -# when he was about sixty-two years old - -"when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"became the ruler of the kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/intro.md b/dan/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f38c91cc9..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 5 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### The writing on the wall - -God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him. - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter -#### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin -These are words in Aramaic. Daniel "transliterates" these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULB and UDB they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/06/01.md b/dan/06/01.md index 8096cce61d..2a19086920 100644 --- a/dan/06/01.md +++ b/dan/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon. - # It seemed good to Darius "It was pleasing to Darius" or "Darius was pleased" - -# 120 provincial governors - -"one hundred and twenty provincial governors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - diff --git a/dan/06/02.md b/dan/06/02.md index 3a04b0c86f..74af86bd62 100644 --- a/dan/06/02.md +++ b/dan/06/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Over them -The word "them" refers to the 120 provincial governors. +The word "them" refers to the provincial governors. # so that the king should suffer no loss diff --git a/dan/06/03.md b/dan/06/03.md index f87f08e5a1..a180a399eb 100644 --- a/dan/06/03.md +++ b/dan/06/03.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ "excelled above" or "was more capable than" -# he had an extraordinary spirit - -Here "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: "he was and exceptional person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - # extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others diff --git a/dan/06/04.md b/dan/06/04.md index f955728709..a96324f2d3 100644 --- a/dan/06/04.md +++ b/dan/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors ... for the kingdom -The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" # No mistakes or negligence was found in him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# negligence - -overly looking your responsibilities +"They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" diff --git a/dan/06/05.md b/dan/06/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 24df7f177f..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# to complain against this Daniel - -"to complain about Daniel" - diff --git a/dan/06/07.md b/dan/06/07.md index 7cab286769..773d65b5d2 100644 --- a/dan/06/07.md +++ b/dan/06/07.md @@ -2,23 +2,11 @@ A "prohibition" always only tells people what they cannot do, but a "decree" can permit people to do things. -# enforce a prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." Alternate translation: "use force to prohibit people from doing what they have been doing" or "force people to stop doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# for thirty days - -"for 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # whoever makes a petition "whoever makes a request" # that person must be thrown into the den of lions -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# den of lions - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. +"your soldiers must throw that person into the pit where lions were kept" diff --git a/dan/06/08.md b/dan/06/08.md index 5ccb8fbc57..32957d8970 100644 --- a/dan/06/08.md +++ b/dan/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king. - -# issue the prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "tell the people that you are prohibiting them from doing what they have been doing" or "tell people to stop doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # as directed by the law "according to the law" diff --git a/dan/06/09.md b/dan/06/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1402abc55c..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "telling the people that he was prohibiting them from doing what they had been doing" or "telling people to stop doing what they had been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/06/10.md b/dan/06/10.md index b5c75198a4..0f12acaf12 100644 --- a/dan/06/10.md +++ b/dan/06/10.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law # now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem -This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. # gave thanks before his God diff --git a/dan/06/12.md b/dan/06/12.md index 96f3bf7f19..6459e60ad5 100644 --- a/dan/06/12.md +++ b/dan/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -# Did you not make a prohibition ... lions? - -They asked this rhetorical question to make the king confirm that he had made the prohibition. Alternate translation: "You know and we know that you made a prohibition ... lions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - # about his prohibition: "Did you not make a prohibition -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "because he had prohibited the people from doing what they had been doing: 'Did you not prohibit the people and say'" or "because he had told the people they could no longer do what they had been doing: 'Did you not tell the people to stop doing what they were doing and say'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"because he had prohibited the people from doing what they had been doing: 'Did you not prohibit the people and say'" or "because he had told the people they could no longer do what they had been doing: 'Did you not tell the people to stop doing what they were doing and say'" # who makes a petition "who makes a request" -# den of lions - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # as directed by the law "according to the law" diff --git a/dan/06/13.md b/dan/06/13.md index 5b781287fc..fa3ff0532e 100644 --- a/dan/06/13.md +++ b/dan/06/13.md @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used thi # pays no attention to you -This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: "does not obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# the prohibition that you have signed - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "the decree you signed to prohibit people from doing what they had been doing" or "the decree you signed to tell people to stop doing what they had been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"does not obey you" diff --git a/dan/06/14.md b/dan/06/14.md index b5fffee101..f7d673395b 100644 --- a/dan/06/14.md +++ b/dan/06/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # he applied his mind -Here "mind" refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: "he thought very hard about how" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"he thought very hard about how" # He labored diff --git a/dan/06/15.md b/dan/06/15.md index 1bd43535c1..5cd1b270fa 100644 --- a/dan/06/15.md +++ b/dan/06/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# that no prohibition or statute that the king issues can be changed - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "that the king cannot change any statute or any law that he has issued to prohibit people from doing what they have been doing" or "that the king cannot change any statute or any law that he has issued to stop people from doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # no prohibition ... can be changed -The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: "no prohibition ... can be changed. Someone must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"no prohibition ... can be changed. Someone must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" diff --git a/dan/06/16.md b/dan/06/16.md index dafc1ff8e8..199d7a3fa9 100644 --- a/dan/06/16.md +++ b/dan/06/16.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ "his soldiers went and got Daniel" -# lions' den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # May your God ... rescue you The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel. diff --git a/dan/06/17.md b/dan/06/17.md index ea6b232f7c..67a4702056 100644 --- a/dan/06/17.md +++ b/dan/06/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ... concerning Daniel -The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: "the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" # nothing might be changed concerning Daniel diff --git a/dan/06/18.md b/dan/06/18.md index 6e7ef4c475..f43f94a533 100644 --- a/dan/06/18.md +++ b/dan/06/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # he went through the night fasting -This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. # No entertainment was brought before him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He did not have anyone entertain him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He did not have anyone entertain him" # sleep fled from him -Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: "he did not sleep at all that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"he did not sleep at all that night" diff --git a/dan/06/19.md b/dan/06/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 25380dcfca..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# lions' den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - diff --git a/dan/06/20.md b/dan/06/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/06/21.md b/dan/06/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/06/22.md b/dan/06/22.md index 5b82e9bb33..ece322af2e 100644 --- a/dan/06/22.md +++ b/dan/06/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For I was found blameless -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He knows that I have done nothing wrong" # I have done you no harm diff --git a/dan/06/23.md b/dan/06/23.md index 80a483c269..65c11b9de1 100644 --- a/dan/06/23.md +++ b/dan/06/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # No harm was found on him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"They did not find any wounds on Daniel" diff --git a/dan/06/25.md b/dan/06/25.md index d890cc67f3..21798f79e9 100644 --- a/dan/06/25.md +++ b/dan/06/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people from different nations and who spoke different languages" # in all the earth -King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: "in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"in his kingdom" # May peace increase for you diff --git a/dan/06/26.md b/dan/06/26.md index e3a7d6222b..4c4906f376 100644 --- a/dan/06/26.md +++ b/dan/06/26.md @@ -1,26 +1,18 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom. - # tremble and fear -These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: "shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"shake with fear" # the God of Daniel "the God that Daniel worships" -# he is the living God and lives forever - -The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # his kingdom will ... his dominion will -These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God's kingdom will never end. # his kingdom will not be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" # his dominion will last to the end diff --git a/dan/06/intro.md b/dan/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index dec5e52e67..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the letter in 6:25-27. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27. - -### Special concepts in this chapter -#### Daniel and the lions - -Daniel was thrown into the lions' den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/07/01.md b/dan/07/01.md index a084acd38e..93c3b9e68f 100644 --- a/dan/07/01.md +++ b/dan/07/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # General Information: -Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. # Belshazzar -This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). +This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. # a dream and visions -The words "dream" and "visions" both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: "visions while he was dreaming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"visions while he was dreaming" diff --git a/dan/07/03.md b/dan/07/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/07/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/07/04.md b/dan/07/04.md index b64e0dbb1a..70a1716b3a 100644 --- a/dan/07/04.md +++ b/dan/07/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # The first was like a lion but had eagle's wings -This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. # The mind of a man was given to it -Here "mind" refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" diff --git a/dan/07/05.md b/dan/07/05.md index 68daa714f3..4a21c478fd 100644 --- a/dan/07/05.md +++ b/dan/07/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a second animal, like a bear -This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. # ribs @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine # It was told -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone told it" diff --git a/dan/07/06.md b/dan/07/06.md index d7a1dfd67e..51ec7de9fb 100644 --- a/dan/07/06.md +++ b/dan/07/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # another animal, one that looked like a leopard -This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. # four wings ... four heads -The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# it had four heads - -"the animal had four heads" +The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. # It was given authority to rule -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone gave it authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone gave it authority to rule" diff --git a/dan/07/07.md b/dan/07/07.md index 89c2d39415..83d07aec99 100644 --- a/dan/07/07.md +++ b/dan/07/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a fourth animal ... it had ten horns -This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. # trampled underfoot diff --git a/dan/07/08.md b/dan/07/08.md index 32345a0dd1..c79d4d6a4a 100644 --- a/dan/07/08.md +++ b/dan/07/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). - # the horns -Translators may write a footnote like this: "Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." # Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The little horn tore out three of the first horns" # a mouth that was boasting about great things -Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" diff --git a/dan/07/09.md b/dan/07/09.md index bb7c533e15..f2a4c9c64e 100644 --- a/dan/07/09.md +++ b/dan/07/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # thrones were set in place -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"someone set thrones in their places" # the Ancient of Days -This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: "the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" +"the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" # took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair of his head @@ -16,24 +12,20 @@ This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person # took his seat -This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: "sat down on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"sat down on his throne" # His clothing was as white as snow -His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: "His clothing was very white" +"His clothing was very white" # the hair of his head was like pure wool -Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. # pure wool "clean wool" or "wool that is washed" -# His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire - -This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. - # its wheels It is unclear why God's throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for "wheels" if possible. diff --git a/dan/07/10.md b/dan/07/10.md index 0bf11203a1..46bfd3af5e 100644 --- a/dan/07/10.md +++ b/dan/07/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,24 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # A river of fire flowed out from before him -The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: "Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" # before him -The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md). +The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from # millions -This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: "thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" +"thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" # one hundred million -This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: "tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" +"tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" # The court was in session -This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: "The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" +"The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" # the books were opened -These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: "the books of evidence were opened" +"the books of evidence were opened" diff --git a/dan/07/11.md b/dan/07/11.md index a733bc25d4..78b334c270 100644 --- a/dan/07/11.md +++ b/dan/07/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). - # the animal was killed ... to be burned up -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the animal was killed - -The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: "they executed the animal" or "the judge commanded and they killed the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" # the animal -This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" +"the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" diff --git a/dan/07/12.md b/dan/07/12.md index 9cb66f19b8..368ca4af15 100644 --- a/dan/07/12.md +++ b/dan/07/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# the rest of the four animals - -It may be clearer to say, "the other three animals." - # their authority to rule was taken away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" # their lives were prolonged for a period of time -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" diff --git a/dan/07/13.md b/dan/07/13.md index b5167aa815..6749d0ae3b 100644 --- a/dan/07/13.md +++ b/dan/07/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # I saw one coming ... like a son of man -The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. "I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" # with the clouds of heaven "with the clouds of the sky" -# the Ancient of Days - -This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md) - # was presented before him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" diff --git a/dan/07/14.md b/dan/07/14.md index 11cf1498ba..08e78ff778 100644 --- a/dan/07/14.md +++ b/dan/07/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" # royal power @@ -8,13 +8,9 @@ This, here, refers to "authority." # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# will not pass away ... will never be destroyed - -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"people from different nations and who speak different languages" # that will never be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that no one will ever destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that no one will ever destroy" diff --git a/dan/07/15.md b/dan/07/15.md index 744e0c08ae..1bbba64ec2 100644 --- a/dan/07/15.md +++ b/dan/07/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# my spirit was grieved inside of me ... the visions I saw in my mind troubled me - -These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # my spirit was grieved inside of me -Here "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: "I was very sad inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I was very sad inside" diff --git a/dan/07/16.md b/dan/07/16.md index a505db701f..3d17dde8c9 100644 --- a/dan/07/16.md +++ b/dan/07/16.md @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne. Possib # the interpretation of these things -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what these things mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# these things - -"the things I had seen" - +"what was the meaning of the things I had seen" diff --git a/dan/07/17.md b/dan/07/17.md index 9319b320cb..3fd97445ea 100644 --- a/dan/07/17.md +++ b/dan/07/17.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ # four kings that will arise from the earth -Here "from the earth" means they are real people. Alternate translation: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" diff --git a/dan/07/18.md b/dan/07/18.md index 80240607d9..a5c456a0ff 100644 --- a/dan/07/18.md +++ b/dan/07/18.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # forever and ever -This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. diff --git a/dan/07/21.md b/dan/07/21.md index 42daa11d16..515244b6c2 100644 --- a/dan/07/21.md +++ b/dan/07/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this horn -"this fourth horn." This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md). - +"this fourth horn." diff --git a/dan/07/22.md b/dan/07/22.md index 2f3501ff10..09c3156a5b 100644 --- a/dan/07/22.md +++ b/dan/07/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Ancient of Days - -This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md). - +"until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" diff --git a/dan/07/23.md b/dan/07/23.md index 3829b6ab1f..118294fe5f 100644 --- a/dan/07/23.md +++ b/dan/07/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,9 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +writing-symlanguage]]) # This is what that person said -This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md). - -# that person said - -"that person answered" - -# As for the fourth animal - -"Concerning the fourth animal" or "Now, about the fourth animal" +This is the person that Daniel approached in Daniel 7:16. # It will devour ... it into pieces -This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The fourth kingdom will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. diff --git a/dan/07/24.md b/dan/07/24.md index 08250cce93..8a26d574a4 100644 --- a/dan/07/24.md +++ b/dan/07/24.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ # out of this kingdom ten kings will arise -They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" # another will arise after them -This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the eleventh king." Alternate translation: "after that an eleventh king will become powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"after that an eleventh king will become powerful" # He will be different from the previous ones @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the # he will subdue the three kings -He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: "he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" diff --git a/dan/07/25.md b/dan/07/25.md index 12ee4948e9..63fdcf086d 100644 --- a/dan/07/25.md +++ b/dan/07/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # He will speak words against the Most High -This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. # He will try ... into his hand @@ -20,9 +16,9 @@ Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of th # These things will be given into his hand -Here "his hand" refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" # one year, two years, and half a year -This means "three and half years." This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: "one year plus two years plus six months" +"one year plus two years plus six months" diff --git a/dan/07/26.md b/dan/07/26.md index 289fa7d65f..b4cbd0f512 100644 --- a/dan/07/26.md +++ b/dan/07/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # the court will be in session -This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: "the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" +"the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" # they will take his royal power away -"the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" - -# royal power - -This, here, refers to "authority." See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md). +"the members of the court will take the authority away from the newest king" # to be consumed and destroyed at the end -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" diff --git a/dan/07/27.md b/dan/07/27.md index 0b9847d710..7e35a7cdcb 100644 --- a/dan/07/27.md +++ b/dan/07/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# The kingdom and the dominion - -These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" # the greatness of the kingdoms -The abstract noun "greatness" can be translated with the adjective "great." Alternate translation: "everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"everything that is great about the kingdoms" # of the kingdoms under the whole heaven -The idiom "under the whole heaven" refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"of all the kingdoms on earth" # His kingdom diff --git a/dan/07/28.md b/dan/07/28.md index f2e438e633..b4576462f5 100644 --- a/dan/07/28.md +++ b/dan/07/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Here is the end of the matter -This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: "That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" +"That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" # my face changed in appearance diff --git a/dan/07/intro.md b/dan/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3f3a7426a..0000000000 --- a/dan/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27. - -### Special concepts in this chapter -#### The four beasts - -There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) - -#### The Son of Man - -God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 7:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/08/01.md b/dan/08/01.md index 617ab4c51d..76e633a57a 100644 --- a/dan/08/01.md +++ b/dan/08/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # In the third year -"In year three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"In year three" # Belshazzar -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. # had a vision appear to me (after the one ... first) -This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel's second vision. Alternate translation: "had a second vision appear to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +"had a second vision appear to me" diff --git a/dan/08/02.md b/dan/08/02.md index aa3a21d3d8..b84198f9e8 100644 --- a/dan/08/02.md +++ b/dan/08/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ a walled city that was guarded and protected # Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. # Canal diff --git a/dan/08/03.md b/dan/08/03.md index 775b4d73f4..bdfb236dc9 100644 --- a/dan/08/03.md +++ b/dan/08/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# a ram with two horns - -It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # but the longer ... passed up in length by it -"but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" +"but the longer horn grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" diff --git a/dan/08/04.md b/dan/08/04.md index c49efe045d..dfa559b7d6 100644 --- a/dan/08/04.md +++ b/dan/08/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # to rescue anyone out of his hand -Rams do not have hands. Here "hand" refers to the ram's power. Alternate translation: "to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" diff --git a/dan/08/05.md b/dan/08/05.md index eac9a78565..33fb2b93f4 100644 --- a/dan/08/05.md +++ b/dan/08/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # across the surface of the whole earth -The phrase "the whole earth" is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: "from far away across the surface of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"from far away across the surface of the land" # The goat had a large horn between his eyes -Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: "The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" diff --git a/dan/08/08.md b/dan/08/08.md index 1776947cfc..8e8c4cf13a 100644 --- a/dan/08/08.md +++ b/dan/08/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # the large horn was broken -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "something broke off the large horn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"something broke off the large horn" # toward the four winds of the heavens -Here "the four winds of heaven" is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: "in four different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"in four different directions" diff --git a/dan/08/09.md b/dan/08/09.md index 49d5c5c40f..0bcbcebd9d 100644 --- a/dan/08/09.md +++ b/dan/08/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # but which grew exceedingly large toward -"but which became very large" or "but which pointed itself toward." This is probably a metonym for the goat, which is a metaphor for a king or nation, ruling powerfully over the lands to the south and east and over the Beautiful Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The goat is a king or nation, ruling powerfully over the lands to the south and east and over the Beautiful Land. diff --git a/dan/08/10.md b/dan/08/10.md index be67aa8ef4..2aeab332c4 100644 --- a/dan/08/10.md +++ b/dan/08/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # It became so large as to engage in war -Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. # Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# it trampled on them - -Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" diff --git a/dan/08/11.md b/dan/08/11.md index 6622507fbc..9cd44d2eb6 100644 --- a/dan/08/11.md +++ b/dan/08/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# Connecting Statement: - -Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn ([Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md)). - # the commander of the army -This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. # It took away from him the regular burnt offering -Here "took away" means the horn stopped the offering. Here "him" refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: "It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" +"It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" # the place of his sanctuary was polluted -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it defiled his sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it defiled his sanctuary" diff --git a/dan/08/12.md b/dan/08/12.md index 5f32d355b4..214af1e69a 100644 --- a/dan/08/12.md +++ b/dan/08/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The horn will throw truth down to the ground -The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: "The horn will reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"The horn will reject the truth" diff --git a/dan/08/13.md b/dan/08/13.md index 30fd7fccb3..305e427c84 100644 --- a/dan/08/13.md +++ b/dan/08/13.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ # heaven's army being trampled on -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the horn trampling on heaven's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the horn trampling on heaven's army" diff --git a/dan/08/14.md b/dan/08/14.md index 7e1c1a32d5..4bad993d37 100644 --- a/dan/08/14.md +++ b/dan/08/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # 2,300 evenings and mornings -"Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings." Here "evenings and mornings" is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: "2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" # the sanctuary will be restored diff --git a/dan/08/15.md b/dan/08/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/08/16.md b/dan/08/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8468ebe594..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal - -Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# Ulai Canal - -A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md). - diff --git a/dan/08/17.md b/dan/08/17.md index 8e12882fc5..730ee59447 100644 --- a/dan/08/17.md +++ b/dan/08/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # fell on my face -This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. # the time of the end diff --git a/dan/08/19.md b/dan/08/19.md index f93dc4cd07..cc5681f147 100644 --- a/dan/08/19.md +++ b/dan/08/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the time of wrath -This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the time when God judges in anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the time when God judges in anger" # the appointed time for the end diff --git a/dan/08/20.md b/dan/08/20.md index aaeddab3ea..de2c80f4a1 100644 --- a/dan/08/20.md +++ b/dan/08/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # two horns—they are "two horns—they represent" # the kings of Media and Persia -These words could either 1) refer to the literal kings of Media and Persia or 2) be a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: "the kingdoms of Media and Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the kingdoms of Media and Persia" diff --git a/dan/08/21.md b/dan/08/21.md index 257ee4bf5f..f919446074 100644 --- a/dan/08/21.md +++ b/dan/08/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the king of Greece -These words could be 1) a literal reference to the king of Greece or 2) a metonym for the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: "the kingdom of Greece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the kingdom of Greece" # The large horn between his eyes is diff --git a/dan/08/22.md b/dan/08/22.md index 6d40e3df8a..2892333835 100644 --- a/dan/08/22.md +++ b/dan/08/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose - -"Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose" - # four kingdoms will arise from his nation -The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" # but not with his great power diff --git a/dan/08/24.md b/dan/08/24.md index b777710975..46ce6c768e 100644 --- a/dan/08/24.md +++ b/dan/08/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # but not by his own power "but someone else will give him his power" diff --git a/dan/08/25.md b/dan/08/25.md index 04c7fb6825..f52a26f368 100644 --- a/dan/08/25.md +++ b/dan/08/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # he will make deceit prosper -Here "deceit" is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: "the amount of deception will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the amount of deception will increase" # under his hand -Here "hand" refers to his rule. Alternate translation: "under his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"under his rule" # the Prince of princes @@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ Here "hand" refers to his rule. Alternate translation: "under his rule" (See: [[ # he will be broken -Here "he" refers to his power. Alternate translation: "his rule will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"his rule will end" # not by any human hand -Here "hand" refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "not by any human power" or "by divine power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"not by any human power" or "by divine power" + diff --git a/dan/08/26.md b/dan/08/26.md index 2a4cc0a068..54908dc27c 100644 --- a/dan/08/26.md +++ b/dan/08/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw. - # seal up the vision -The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" diff --git a/dan/08/intro.md b/dan/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e7f5fd249..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 8 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### The vision of the ram and the male goat - -Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/09/01.md b/dan/09/01.md index b1f7c4d940..679384d484 100644 --- a/dan/09/01.md +++ b/dan/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6. - -# Ahasuerus ... who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans - -This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UDB places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) - # who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who became king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans" or "who conquered the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"who became king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans" or "who conquered the Chaldeans" # over the kingdom diff --git a/dan/09/02.md b/dan/09/02.md index 05b6f17fe0..b8f66535d2 100644 --- a/dan/09/02.md +++ b/dan/09/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's desolations would end -"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" diff --git a/dan/09/03.md b/dan/09/03.md index 5ed591453f..8ad5c1d9d4 100644 --- a/dan/09/03.md +++ b/dan/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I turned my face to the Lord God -Here "face" represents Daniel's attention. Alternate translation: "I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" # to seek him -Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. # fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes -These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. diff --git a/dan/09/05.md b/dan/09/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 60cd351eb5..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - -# We have sinned and have done what is wrong - -These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled - -These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# your commands and decrees - -The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - diff --git a/dan/09/06.md b/dan/09/06.md index 54573ceb68..2326c894c2 100644 --- a/dan/09/06.md +++ b/dan/09/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # We have not listened to your servants -Here "not listened" means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: "We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" # spoke in your name -Here "name" refers to God's authority. Alternate translation: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" # the people of the land -Here "land" refers to Israel. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people" +"the Israelite people" diff --git a/dan/09/07.md b/dan/09/07.md index d0f3bb68e2..d933c33808 100644 --- a/dan/09/07.md +++ b/dan/09/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - # To you, Lord, belongs righteousness -Being righteous is spoken of as if "righteousness" were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteous." Alternate translation: "Lord, you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Lord, you are righteous" # To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people -Being ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." Alternate translation: "But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" # To us today -The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. # belongs shame on our faces -This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Their shame is visible to all. # because of the faithless deeds that we committed against you diff --git a/dan/09/08.md b/dan/09/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/09/09.md b/dan/09/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35255cb569..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - -# To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness - -Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: "The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/dan/09/10.md b/dan/09/10.md index c61dfbb8f1..07fd519d0f 100644 --- a/dan/09/10.md +++ b/dan/09/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God -Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: "We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" diff --git a/dan/09/11.md b/dan/09/11.md index bb2a48f5ea..16a24d9b9b 100644 --- a/dan/09/11.md +++ b/dan/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # turned aside -The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. # that are written in the law of Moses -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that Moses wrote about in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that Moses wrote about in the law" # have been poured out on us -The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"you have brought upon us" diff --git a/dan/09/12.md b/dan/09/12.md index 7c2a783c7f..fe7230e243 100644 --- a/dan/09/12.md +++ b/dan/09/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - # For under the whole of heaven -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "For in the whole world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"For in the whole world" # there has not been done anything -"nothing has been done." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "nothing has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"nothing has happened" # what has been done to Jerusalem -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"what you have done to Jerusalem" diff --git a/dan/09/13.md b/dan/09/13.md index 188020c366..8c4d663c73 100644 --- a/dan/09/13.md +++ b/dan/09/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # As it is written in the law of Moses -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "As Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"As Moses wrote in the law" # turning away from our iniquities -Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"stopping our evil actions" diff --git a/dan/09/14.md b/dan/09/14.md index 2ed0aae4b0..13a7dd6cb7 100644 --- a/dan/09/14.md +++ b/dan/09/14.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # we have not obeyed his voice -Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: "we have not done what he told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"we have not done what he told us to do" diff --git a/dan/09/15.md b/dan/09/15.md index f0af288467..36c0b8561c 100644 --- a/dan/09/15.md +++ b/dan/09/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # with a mighty hand -Here "mighty hand" is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: "with great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"with great strength" # you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day "you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today" -# still we sinned; we have done wicked things - -These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # we sinned; we have done wicked things -Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) - +Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. diff --git a/dan/09/16.md b/dan/09/16.md index b0a6c4abe7..339acb8ebf 100644 --- a/dan/09/16.md +++ b/dan/09/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# your anger and your wrath - -The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God's anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - # your holy mountain -This mountain may be holy because God's temple is there. Alternate translation: "the mountain where your holy temple is" - -# our sins ... our ancestors - -Here "our" refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +"the mountain where your holy temple is" # an object of mockery diff --git a/dan/09/17.md b/dan/09/17.md index 565125c937..fc64f75a71 100644 --- a/dan/09/17.md +++ b/dan/09/17.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This does not mean "at this moment", but it is a way to show that the next phase # your servant ... his humble requests -The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. # make your face shine on -The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh's face shone a light. Alternate translation: "act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" # your sanctuary diff --git a/dan/09/18.md b/dan/09/18.md index 07b76f9734..0c83649642 100644 --- a/dan/09/18.md +++ b/dan/09/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # incline your ears and listen -These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: "listen very carefully" or "pay close attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - -# incline your ears - -To "incline the ear" is to lean toward the speaker so as to better hear the words. This is a metaphor for listening carefully and paying attention. Alternate translation: "listen carefully" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"listen very carefully" or "pay close attention" # open your eyes and see -To "open the eyes" is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: "notice us" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"notice us" or "pay attention" # is called by your name -Here "name" represents ownership. Alternate translation: "is your city" or "belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"is your city" or "belongs to you" diff --git a/dan/09/19.md b/dan/09/19.md index fd556fb134..67f1690f16 100644 --- a/dan/09/19.md +++ b/dan/09/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # do not delay -This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "act quickly" +"act quickly" diff --git a/dan/09/21.md b/dan/09/21.md index 4ef1d3291e..4fee3a4ce8 100644 --- a/dan/09/21.md +++ b/dan/09/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the man Gabriel -This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: "Gabriel, who appeared as a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Gabriel, who appeared as a man" # in the vision at the first -This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: "in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" +"in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" # flew down to me in rapid flight diff --git a/dan/09/22.md b/dan/09/22.md index 16518bf582..91f2767038 100644 --- a/dan/09/22.md +++ b/dan/09/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # insight and understanding -The words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. diff --git a/dan/09/23.md b/dan/09/23.md index eb5052231b..9a490309ec 100644 --- a/dan/09/23.md +++ b/dan/09/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the order was given -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God gave the order" # you are precious @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave the order" ( # the revelation -This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md). +This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in Daniel 9:2. diff --git a/dan/09/24.md b/dan/09/24.md index 63de9d1d0d..5f1606aac3 100644 --- a/dan/09/24.md +++ b/dan/09/24.md @@ -4,21 +4,17 @@ God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the hol # Seventy sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: "Seventy times seven years" +"Seventy times seven years" # your people and your holy city -The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. # to end the guilt and put an end to sin -The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. # to carry out the vision -Here "carry out" is an idiom that means to accomplish. Alternate translation: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# the vision and the prophecy - -These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"to accomplish the vision" diff --git a/dan/09/25.md b/dan/09/25.md index 8f1e97e3e9..bfc4a689bb 100644 --- a/dan/09/25.md +++ b/dan/09/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # and sixty-two sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: "seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" +"seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" # Know and understand -These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" # the anointed one -Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" # seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. # Jerusalem will be rebuilt -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"People will rebuild Jerusalem" # moat diff --git a/dan/09/26.md b/dan/09/26.md index 5926ec4c7d..57baaed790 100644 --- a/dan/09/26.md +++ b/dan/09/26.md @@ -1,24 +1,24 @@ # sixty-two sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: "sixty-two times seven" +"sixty-two times seven" # the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" # the anointed one -Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" +"the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" # a coming ruler -This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." Alternate translation: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" +"a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" # Its end will come with a flood -The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. # Desolations have been decreed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" diff --git a/dan/09/27.md b/dan/09/27.md index ae25630efc..f714815ccd 100644 --- a/dan/09/27.md +++ b/dan/09/27.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one. # one seven ... In the middle of the seven -Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: "seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" +"seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" # put an end to @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: # the sacrifice and the offering -These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: "all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" # the wing of abominations -This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called "abominations" because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: "the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" # someone who makes desolate @@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, wh # the complete destruction that has been decreed is poured out on the one who has made the desolation -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." Here God completely destroying a person is spoken of as if God were pouring a liquid on that person. The phrases "has been decreed" and "is poured out" can be translated using active form. Alternate translation: "God, just as he said he would, completely destroys the one who made the desolation " -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"God, just as he said he would, completely destroys the one who made the desolation" # the one who has made the desolation -The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated using a verb or an adjective. You may need to make explicit that Daniel is speaking of the "desolation" of the holy place in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the person who made the holy place desolate" or "the person who destroyed the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the person who made the holy place desolate" or "the person who destroyed the holy place" diff --git a/dan/09/intro.md b/dan/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e009ace707..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 9 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Daniel told the future -Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -#### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26 - -This passage uses the expressions "seventy sevens of years," "seven sevens and sixty-two sevens," and "sixty-two sevens of years" to denote "490 years," "49 years and then 434 years," and "434 years," respectively. The original language uses the idea of a "week" to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/10/01.md b/dan/10/01.md index c78b4edb86..a2e028a2b2 100644 --- a/dan/10/01.md +++ b/dan/10/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the third year of Cyrus king of Persia -"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" # a message was revealed to Daniel -This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "God revealed a message to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God revealed a message to Daniel" # insight diff --git a/dan/10/02.md b/dan/10/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/10/04.md b/dan/10/04.md index 748e9b5e23..5c3df7b732 100644 --- a/dan/10/04.md +++ b/dan/10/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # On the twenty-fourth day of the first month -This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. diff --git a/dan/10/05.md b/dan/10/05.md index e169a6cd40..b20e129407 100644 --- a/dan/10/05.md +++ b/dan/10/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # Uphaz -Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known diff --git a/dan/10/06.md b/dan/10/06.md index 8573122517..de9d0af3bd 100644 --- a/dan/10/06.md +++ b/dan/10/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # His body was like topaz -His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: "his body gleamed like topaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his body gleamed like topaz" # topaz @@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite # his face was like lightning -His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. Alternate translation: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" # His eyes were like flaming torches -His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: "his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" # his arms and his feet were like polished bronze -His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" # The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd -His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" diff --git a/dan/10/07.md b/dan/10/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/10/08.md b/dan/10/08.md index c029a995a7..e7e3440aa8 100644 --- a/dan/10/08.md +++ b/dan/10/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # So I was left alone and saw -This can be stated in active form. "No one was with me, and I saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look - -This can be stated in active form. "my bright appearance turned into looking ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"No one was with me, and I saw" # my bright appearance -This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: "my healthy-looking face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"my healthy-looking face" # a ruined look -Someone's unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: "pale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"pale" diff --git a/dan/10/09.md b/dan/10/09.md index b3a6f6f53d..6f5294aaa8 100644 --- a/dan/10/09.md +++ b/dan/10/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I fell on my face in deep sleep -Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately lay on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately lay on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. diff --git a/dan/10/10.md b/dan/10/10.md index 6265affe16..2719cae6bb 100644 --- a/dan/10/10.md +++ b/dan/10/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # A hand touched me -Here a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: "Someone touched me with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Someone touched me with his hand" diff --git a/dan/10/12.md b/dan/10/12.md index e72f9adfc8..734326a2f6 100644 --- a/dan/10/12.md +++ b/dan/10/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # your words were heard -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "God heard your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God heard your words" diff --git a/dan/10/13.md b/dan/10/13.md index ba25fa342c..cabe218de3 100644 --- a/dan/10/13.md +++ b/dan/10/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # prince -Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: "spirit prince" +"spirit prince" # the kings of Persia diff --git a/dan/10/14.md b/dan/10/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2a18ab6e76..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - diff --git a/dan/10/15.md b/dan/10/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7fdc3bb041..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# I turned my face toward the ground - -"I looked at the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. - diff --git a/dan/10/16.md b/dan/10/16.md index 4e077cc7d2..c8ae83a9ff 100644 --- a/dan/10/16.md +++ b/dan/10/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # One who was like the sons of man -This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: "This one, who looked like a human" - -# like the sons of man - -Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: "like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"This one, who looked like a human" # agony diff --git a/dan/10/17.md b/dan/10/17.md index c5ec795377..a29145f95a 100644 --- a/dan/10/17.md +++ b/dan/10/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? -Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel's equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: "I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" # there is no breath left in me -This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" diff --git a/dan/10/18.md b/dan/10/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf1e02f206..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the one with an appearance of a man - -"the one who looked like a human" - diff --git a/dan/10/19.md b/dan/10/19.md index 09ecfeded0..d5f575bfcb 100644 --- a/dan/10/19.md +++ b/dan/10/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Be strong now, be strong - -The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. - # precious man "you who are precious to God" # I was strengthened -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I became strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I became strong" diff --git a/dan/10/20.md b/dan/10/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6129390138..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the prince of Persia - -Here "prince" refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: "the spirit prince of Persia" - diff --git a/dan/10/21.md b/dan/10/21.md index 89dc263dca..bdb9d0f6d8 100644 --- a/dan/10/21.md +++ b/dan/10/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # But I will tell you -This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: "But first I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"But first I will tell you" # what is written in the Book of Truth -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "what the Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in the Book of Truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"what the Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in the Book of Truth" # There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince -This double negative emphasizes that Michael is the only one who shows himself strong. Alternate translation: "The only one who shows himself to be strong with me against them is Michael your prince" or "Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives]]) +"The only one who shows himself to be strong with me against them is Michael your prince" or "Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" # who shows himself to be strong with me against them @@ -16,9 +16,4 @@ This double negative emphasizes that Michael is the only one who shows himself s # Michael your prince -The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - -# Michael your prince - -"Michael your guardian angel." Translate "prince" when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). - +"Michael, the prince of your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/intro.md b/dan/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 34814272d3..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/11/01.md b/dan/11/01.md index 932d40712d..fff24f853b 100644 --- a/dan/11/01.md +++ b/dan/11/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md). - # In the first year of Darius -Darius was the King of the Medes. "The first year" refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: "In the first year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"In the first year of the reign of Darius" diff --git a/dan/11/02.md b/dan/11/02.md index c3b4a93982..90aaadbe72 100644 --- a/dan/11/02.md +++ b/dan/11/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # a fourth will be far richer than all the others -"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" # power diff --git a/dan/11/03.md b/dan/11/03.md index 92090871dc..fde2d85d18 100644 --- a/dan/11/03.md +++ b/dan/11/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # A mighty king will rise up -The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: "A mighty king will begin to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"A mighty king will begin to reign" # who will rule a very great kingdom diff --git a/dan/11/04.md b/dan/11/04.md index af3d8ce804..e8fb76e893 100644 --- a/dan/11/04.md +++ b/dan/11/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ # his kingdom will be broken and divided -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the four winds of heaven - -See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md). +"his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" # but not to his own descendants -The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: "but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants - -The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" diff --git a/dan/11/05.md b/dan/11/05.md index c2f0f6c1e1..70a29c36c4 100644 --- a/dan/11/05.md +++ b/dan/11/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # His dominion will be a great dominion "His kingdom will be a great kingdom" or "He will rule over a great kingdom." Some English versions understand this "dominion" to be a kingdom other than the kingdom of the South, but others understand it to be the kingdom of the South. diff --git a/dan/11/06.md b/dan/11/06.md index c33eec7da1..021b74fd34 100644 --- a/dan/11/06.md +++ b/dan/11/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will make an alliance -The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: "the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together" +"the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together" # The daughter of the king of the South will come ... to confirm the agreement @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the Nort # her arm's strength ... his arm -Here "arm" stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# She will be abandoned - -This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "They will abandon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +Here "arm" stands for power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/07.md b/dan/11/07.md index 7aa321b748..69823f349b 100644 --- a/dan/11/07.md +++ b/dan/11/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # a branch from her roots -This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" # her roots -The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md). +The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in Daniel 11:6. # He will attack the army -The word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" # He will fight them -Here "them" represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: "He will fight the enemy soldiers" +"He will fight the enemy soldiers" diff --git a/dan/11/08.md b/dan/11/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/11/10.md b/dan/11/10.md index 8afc65dd97..c62a2f63f9 100644 --- a/dan/11/10.md +++ b/dan/11/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # His sons "The sons of the king of the North" @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The angel continues speaking to Daniel. # will flood everything -The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" diff --git a/dan/11/11.md b/dan/11/11.md index 78e5694f1d..cc49a17a16 100644 --- a/dan/11/11.md +++ b/dan/11/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # will raise up a great army "will assemble a great army" # the army will be given into his hand -Here "hand" represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: "the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" diff --git a/dan/11/12.md b/dan/11/12.md index 24f1d24893..0630230f2f 100644 --- a/dan/11/12.md +++ b/dan/11/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # The army will be carried off -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "The king of the South will capture the army of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The king of the South will capture the army of the North" # will be lifted up -Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: "will become very proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will become very proud" # will make tens of thousands to fall -Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: "will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" # tens of thousands -"many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"many thousands" diff --git a/dan/11/13.md b/dan/11/13.md index acadbbb6a2..c4c50a5886 100644 --- a/dan/11/13.md +++ b/dan/11/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # a great army supplied with much equipment -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a great army that has much equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"a great army that has much equipment" diff --git a/dan/11/14.md b/dan/11/14.md index e238ca77ff..5a21ff49cb 100644 --- a/dan/11/14.md +++ b/dan/11/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # many will rise against the king -Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: "many people will rebel against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"many people will rebel against the king" # Sons of the violent among your people -Possible meanings are 1) this speaks of the literal children of that society's violent people, who are themselves violent, or 2) this is a metaphor for "Those among your people who are violent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this speaks of the literal children of that society's violent people, who are themselves violent, or 2) this is a metaphor for "Those among your people who are violent." # they will stumble -Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: "they will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will not succeed" diff --git a/dan/11/15.md b/dan/11/15.md index eb33b4a456..21d1bf6b38 100644 --- a/dan/11/15.md +++ b/dan/11/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # The king of the North will come -Here "king of the North" includes his army also. Alternate translation: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"The army of the king of the North will come" ) # pour out earth for siege mounds @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers # will not be able to stand -Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will not be able to keep fighting against them" diff --git a/dan/11/16.md b/dan/11/16.md index 46c55d5ebf..f7a1ec7a47 100644 --- a/dan/11/16.md +++ b/dan/11/16.md @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ # He will stand in -Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: "The king will begin to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The king will begin to rule" # the Beautiful Land -This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md). +This refers to the land of Israel. # destruction will be in his hand -Here "destruction" represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: "he will have power to destroy anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he will have power to destroy anything" diff --git a/dan/11/17.md b/dan/11/17.md index 1561c4ccb9..2518c6d3e5 100644 --- a/dan/11/17.md +++ b/dan/11/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # set his face -This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: "decide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"decide" # come with the strength of his entire kingdom -This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: "come with the force of all his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"come with the force of all his army" # a daughter of women -This is an elegant way of saying "a woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"a woman" diff --git a/dan/11/19.md b/dan/11/19.md index dac5437a17..f71b93580d 100644 --- a/dan/11/19.md +++ b/dan/11/19.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # he will not be found -This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he will disappear" or "he will die" diff --git a/dan/11/20.md b/dan/11/20.md index daf3a2558b..9ccb7fc89c 100644 --- a/dan/11/20.md +++ b/dan/11/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # someone will rise up in his place -Rising up in a king's place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: "another man will become king of the North instead of that king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"another man will become king of the North instead of that king" # will make a tax collector pass through -The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: "will send someone to take taxes from the people" or "will send someone to oppress the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"will send someone to take taxes from the people" or "will send someone to oppress the people" # for the sake of the splendor of the kingdom @@ -16,9 +12,9 @@ This collector will collect money so that the king can be wealthy. # he will be broken -Here "he" refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: "the new king will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the new king will die" # but not in anger -Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. diff --git a/dan/11/21.md b/dan/11/21.md index 8cd6db9c09..f0edb8e2d3 100644 --- a/dan/11/21.md +++ b/dan/11/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power -The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: "a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" diff --git a/dan/11/22.md b/dan/11/22.md index b49b73ddde..6cd64991bc 100644 --- a/dan/11/22.md +++ b/dan/11/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # An army will be swept away like a flood from before him -Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" # Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" # the leader of the covenant diff --git a/dan/11/23.md b/dan/11/23.md index 42bc07817b..9ceac0b914 100644 --- a/dan/11/23.md +++ b/dan/11/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # From the time an alliance is made with him -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" diff --git a/dan/11/25.md b/dan/11/25.md index 28ee7854d6..5be85b8fd2 100644 --- a/dan/11/25.md +++ b/dan/11/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # He will wake up his power and his heart -Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: "He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" # heart -Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# with an extremely large and mighty army - -Some modern translations read, "with a large and extremely mighty army." +Here this represents courage. # will wage war @@ -20,5 +12,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "with a large and extremely mighty army." # he will not stand -Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: "the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" diff --git a/dan/11/26.md b/dan/11/26.md index 76cde51595..2a489cd021 100644 --- a/dan/11/26.md +++ b/dan/11/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # those who eat his fine food -This refers to the king's advisers. It was usual for a king's most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: "the king's best advisers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the king's best advisers" # His army will be swept away like a flood -Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: "The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" # many of them will fall killed -Here "fall" is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so "fall" and "killed" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "many of his soldiers will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"many of his soldiers will die in battle" diff --git a/dan/11/27.md b/dan/11/27.md index 87161325fb..bba2bab151 100644 --- a/dan/11/27.md +++ b/dan/11/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # with their hearts set on evil against each other -Here "heart" represents a person's desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: "each determined to do evil to the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"each determined to do evil to the other" # will sit at the same table -Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. # but it will be of no use @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[r # For the end will come at the time that has been fixed -This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: "The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" diff --git a/dan/11/28.md b/dan/11/28.md index cc9b7ee902..c6b0096e59 100644 --- a/dan/11/28.md +++ b/dan/11/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant - -Here "heart" represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom "his heart set against" means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - # with his heart set against the holy covenant -The king's desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: "determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" # the holy covenant -Here "holy" describes God's covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. Alternate translation: "God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" +"God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" # He will act -This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: "He will do what he wants to in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"He will do what he wants to in Israel" diff --git a/dan/11/29.md b/dan/11/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/11/30.md b/dan/11/30.md index 587826fef6..7c78a50df8 100644 --- a/dan/11/30.md +++ b/dan/11/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ # ships of Kittim will come against him -The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: "an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" # Kittim -This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. # he will become afraid. He will return and be furious Some modern translations read, "he will become afraid and will turn back. He will be furious" -# be furious against the holy covenant, and he will take action - -Some modern translations read, "act in his fury against the holy covenant." - # be furious against the holy covenant "hate the holy covenant" diff --git a/dan/11/31.md b/dan/11/31.md index 43b631d443..3a1c280e09 100644 --- a/dan/11/31.md +++ b/dan/11/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # His forces will rise up -"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. # the fortress sanctuary @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ # They will put an end to the regular burnt offering -They will prevent people from offering it. Alternate translation: "They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" # the abomination that causes desolation -This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" diff --git a/dan/11/32.md b/dan/11/32.md index cd3e97e6d0..1b7bdf324c 100644 --- a/dan/11/32.md +++ b/dan/11/32.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # who know their God -Here "know" means "be faithful." Alternate translation: "who are faithful to their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"who are faithful to their God" # will be strong and will take action diff --git a/dan/11/33.md b/dan/11/33.md index 6bd771f4f5..88b24ea005 100644 --- a/dan/11/33.md +++ b/dan/11/33.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will stumble by the sword and by flame -Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here "sword" represents battles and warfare, and "flame" represents fire. Alternate translation: "they will die in battle and by burning to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will die in battle and by burning to death" # they @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites. # they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days -Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase "being robbed" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" diff --git a/dan/11/34.md b/dan/11/34.md index fb0f69e659..4cd15a05a9 100644 --- a/dan/11/34.md +++ b/dan/11/34.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will be helped with a little help -This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: "others will give them a little help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"others will give them a little help" # In hypocrisy many will join themselves with them @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not b # will join themselves -Here "join themselves" represents "come to help." Alternate translation: "will come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will come to help them" diff --git a/dan/11/35.md b/dan/11/35.md index 400421dcd1..013640d9a3 100644 --- a/dan/11/35.md +++ b/dan/11/35.md @@ -4,33 +4,33 @@ This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will en # Some of those who have insight will stumble -Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. # so that refining will happen to them -Here "so that" means "with the result that." Alternate translation: "with the result that refining will happen to them" +"with the result that refining will happen to them" # refining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying -These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. Alternate translation: "they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" # refining -This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. # cleansing -This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. # purifying -This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. # time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # the appointed time is still to come -Here "appointed time" implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has set the time in the future" +"Yahweh has set the time in the future" diff --git a/dan/11/36.md b/dan/11/36.md index 43d00e7ef9..cf9d499f7a 100644 --- a/dan/11/36.md +++ b/dan/11/36.md @@ -1,26 +1,18 @@ # The king will act according to his desires -"The king will do whatever he wants" - -# The king - -This refers to the king of the North. - -# lift himself up and make himself great - -The phrases "lift himself up" and "make himself great" mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"The king of the North will do whatever he wants" # lift himself up -Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this represents becoming very proud. # make himself great -Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. # the God of gods -This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the supreme God" or "the only true God" # astonishing things @@ -28,5 +20,5 @@ This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: "the supreme God" or "th # until the wrath is completed -This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: "until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" diff --git a/dan/11/38.md b/dan/11/38.md index 879890b99c..9ad3f4abd0 100644 --- a/dan/11/38.md +++ b/dan/11/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # the god of fortresses -The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people's fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: "the god that controls fortresses" - -# instead of these - -The word "these" refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md). +"the god that controls fortresses" diff --git a/dan/11/40.md b/dan/11/40.md index 4e33cbdcab..579f82eb23 100644 --- a/dan/11/40.md +++ b/dan/11/40.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # the time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # the king of the South ... The king of the North -These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" # will storm against him -Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: "will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" # flood them -When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](../11/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. # pass through -Nothing will stop the army. Alternate translation: "will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" diff --git a/dan/11/41.md b/dan/11/41.md index b4ce494f07..f779bd95f1 100644 --- a/dan/11/41.md +++ b/dan/11/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the Beautiful Land -This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md). +This refers to the land of Israel. # will fall -Here falling represents the action of dying. Alternate translation: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will die" # But these will escape from his hand -Here "hand" represents power. Alternate translation: "But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" diff --git a/dan/11/42.md b/dan/11/42.md index 2ee678f8d3..ee18e24d55 100644 --- a/dan/11/42.md +++ b/dan/11/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -This is still about the king of the North. - # He will extend his hand into lands -Here "hand" represents power and control. Alternate translation: "He will extend his control over various lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# into lands - -Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"He will extend his control over various lands" # the land of Egypt will not be rescued -This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "the land of Egypt will not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the land of Egypt will not escape" diff --git a/dan/11/43.md b/dan/11/43.md index 18910d36a5..033b59fa31 100644 --- a/dan/11/43.md +++ b/dan/11/43.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps -Here "footsteps" represent submission. Alternate translation: "the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" # the Libyans and the Cushites -"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. diff --git a/dan/11/44.md b/dan/11/44.md index 60cd997f24..6d794ff5fd 100644 --- a/dan/11/44.md +++ b/dan/11/44.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -This is still about the king of the North. - # he will go out with great rage -The abstract noun "rage" can be expressed with the word "angry." It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" # go out -To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. # to set many apart for destruction diff --git a/dan/11/45.md b/dan/11/45.md index ad5167b3cc..ae2cb8cdc0 100644 --- a/dan/11/45.md +++ b/dan/11/45.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Moun # the mountain of the beauty of holiness -This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. diff --git a/dan/11/intro.md b/dan/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb911c975c..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/12/01.md b/dan/12/01.md index 0365569b13..a5ea7de21f 100644 --- a/dan/12/01.md +++ b/dan/12/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md) continues speaking. - # Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title "great prince." # Michael ... will rise up -Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: "Michael ... will appear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Michael ... will appear" # your people will be saved -This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: "God will save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"God will save your people" # whose name is found written in the book -This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: "whose name God has written in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"whose name God has written in the book" diff --git a/dan/12/02.md b/dan/12/02.md index 16fc1e1ab0..26643ca08f 100644 --- a/dan/12/02.md +++ b/dan/12/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up -The phrase "sleep in the dust of the earth" is another way of referring to those who have died. Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: "those who have died will come back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"those who have died will come back to life" diff --git a/dan/12/03.md b/dan/12/03.md index 3d567480cb..41d5db35a4 100644 --- a/dan/12/03.md +++ b/dan/12/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -# hose who have insight will shine like the brightness of the sky above +# those who have insight will shine like the brightness of the sky above -This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. # those who turn many to righteousness -This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: "those who teach others to live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"those who teach others to live righteously" # those who turn ... are like the stars forever and ever -These people are compared to the stars that shine. Alternate translation: "those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" diff --git a/dan/12/04.md b/dan/12/04.md index 5f9e72effe..dba193bc71 100644 --- a/dan/12/04.md +++ b/dan/12/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # close up these words; keep the book sealed -Here "words" represents the book. Alternate translation: "close this book and keep it sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"close this book and keep it sealed" # time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase -This seems to happen before "the time of the end" during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" diff --git a/dan/12/05.md b/dan/12/05.md index 483ffad2aa..3c9a618e0c 100644 --- a/dan/12/05.md +++ b/dan/12/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). - # there were two others standing "there were two other angels standing" diff --git a/dan/12/06.md b/dan/12/06.md index 50568df5e2..c1e01f3d66 100644 --- a/dan/12/06.md +++ b/dan/12/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # the man clothed in linen -This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" # upstream along the river Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river. -# How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? - -"How long will these amazing events last?" This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. - # these amazing events -At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. +At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened, including the events in the vision from chapter 11. diff --git a/dan/12/07.md b/dan/12/07.md index 0505439d2e..6f58452b53 100644 --- a/dan/12/07.md +++ b/dan/12/07.md @@ -1,28 +1,20 @@ # the man clothed in linen -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" # the one who lives forever "God, who lives forever" -# it would be for a time, times, and half a time - -It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md). - # a time, times, and half a time "three and a half years." These "times" are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half. -# they finish shattering the power of the holy people - -The writer does not tell who he means by the word "they." Some languages use the passive here: "the power of the holy people is finally shattered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # all these things will be completed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"all these things will have happened" # all these things -At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. +At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened, and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. diff --git a/dan/12/08.md b/dan/12/08.md index 14622310a5..282d1359ed 100644 --- a/dan/12/08.md +++ b/dan/12/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,3 @@ Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as "My master" to show respect to the angel. -# of all these things - -At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. - diff --git a/dan/12/09.md b/dan/12/09.md index 5aeb294c75..bf6dabd69d 100644 --- a/dan/12/09.md +++ b/dan/12/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # for the words are shut up and sealed -The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: "for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" # the time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). - +"the final days" or "the end of the world." diff --git a/dan/12/10.md b/dan/12/10.md index 1be84b69ca..4c80fd5a9b 100644 --- a/dan/12/10.md +++ b/dan/12/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. - # Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined -Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" # refined diff --git a/dan/12/11.md b/dan/12/11.md index 8f0d84f158..c9bf7257be 100644 --- a/dan/12/11.md +++ b/dan/12/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # an end is put to the regular burnt offering and the abomination that causes complete desolation is set up -The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: "the king of the North puts an end to the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the king of the North puts an end to the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" # the abomination that causes complete desolation -This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" # 1,290 days -"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. diff --git a/dan/12/12.md b/dan/12/12.md index ca56987c04..bae567ddc4 100644 --- a/dan/12/12.md +++ b/dan/12/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. - # Blessed is the one who waits -"Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who waits" - -# who waits - -"who remains faithful" +"Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who remains faithful" # the 1,335 days -"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. diff --git a/dan/12/13.md b/dan/12/13.md index efe922db6c..efd6abf58f 100644 --- a/dan/12/13.md +++ b/dan/12/13.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # you will rest -This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." # You will rise diff --git a/dan/12/intro.md b/dan/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3307a6c81d..0000000000 --- a/dan/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 12 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/ezk/21/06.md b/ezk/21/06.md index 69661e86ba..af89aeea74 100644 --- a/ezk/21/06.md +++ b/ezk/21/06.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Yahweh is speaking to Ezekiel. # groan as your loins break -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. "groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain" or "groan deeply with great sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain" or "groan deeply with great sorrow" # In bitterness groan @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him t # before their eyes -Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"before them" or "before the Israelite people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/07.md b/ezk/21/07.md index e4c4ef3b1a..bdcafd23c9 100644 --- a/ezk/21/07.md +++ b/ezk/21/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the news that is coming -This speaks of the "news" as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. Alternate translation: "the news that they will soon hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the news that they will soon hear" # for every heart will melt -This speaks of people becoming afraid as if their hearts were melting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate translation: "for everyone will become fearful and unable to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"for everyone will become fearful and unable to act" # will falter @@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ This speaks of people becoming afraid as if their hearts were melting. Also, thi # Every spirit will grow faint -This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. Alternate translation: "Everyone will be fearful in their inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Everyone will be fearful in their inner being" # every knee will flow like water -"every knee will be as weak as water." This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. Alternate translation: "every leg will be wet with urine" or "everyone will lose control of their urine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"every leg will be wet with urine" or "everyone will lose control of their urine" # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/08.md b/ezk/21/08.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/21/08.md +++ b/ezk/21/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/09.md b/ezk/21/09.md index cc422aa58b..a93685b041 100644 --- a/ezk/21/09.md +++ b/ezk/21/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished! -This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through Ezekiel 21:17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This idea begins here and continues through Ezekiel 21:17. # It will be sharpened and polished -This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is sharp and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"It is sharp and polished" # polished -Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material. - +Someone made the sword smooth, shiny, and clean by rubbing it with a rough material. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/10.md b/ezk/21/10.md index a4738b41de..1744611eeb 100644 --- a/ezk/21/10.md +++ b/ezk/21/10.md @@ -1,32 +1,31 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh as the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. # It will be sharpened ... It will be polished in order to -These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will sharpen it ... I will polish it so that it will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will sharpen it ... I will polish it so that it will" # in order to be like lightning -This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: "so that it flashes like lightning" or "so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"so that it flashes like lightning" # Should we rejoice in my son's scepter? -This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king's power, because it cannot resist the "sword." Alternate translation: "The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." or "we should not celebrate the power of our king's scepter." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king's scepter." # Should we -The word "we" refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "we" refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel. # in my son's scepter -Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king's scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king's scepter here, as the words "every such rod" refer to the scepter. Alternate translation: "in the king's scepter" or "in the power that the king's scepter represents" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"in the power that the king's scepter represents". Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king's scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king's scepter here, as the words "every such rod" refer to the scepter. # The coming sword hates every such rod -Here the "sword" is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the "sword", as if the "sword" were hating the king's scepter. Alternate translation: "the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler" or "for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler" or "for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him" # such rod -This phrase is used to mock the king's scepter by calling it a "rod." Alternate translation: "such scepter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +"such scepter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/11.md b/ezk/21/11.md index d6bdd8341a..e57203af0f 100644 --- a/ezk/21/11.md +++ b/ezk/21/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the sword will be given to be polished -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will polish the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will polish the sword" # then to be grasped by the hand -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "then the right person will hold it in his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"then the right person will hold it in his hand" # it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it is ready for the killer to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"it is ready for the killer to use" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/12.md b/ezk/21/12.md index 2d3a3a800c..7497b587e3 100644 --- a/ezk/21/12.md +++ b/ezk/21/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # that sword has come against my people! It is against all -This speaks of Yahweh's sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. Alternate translation: "I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all" # They are thrown against the sword with my people -This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. Alternate translation: "They are killed with the sword along with my people" or "The sword will kill them along with my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They are killed with the sword along with my people" # slap your thigh -In Ezekiel's culture, slapping one's thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one's breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. Alternate translation: "beat your chests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"beat your chests". In Ezekiel's culture, slapping one's thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translations use the gesture of beating one's breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/13.md b/ezk/21/13.md index a38f970c5f..9d1dc67de7 100644 --- a/ezk/21/13.md +++ b/ezk/21/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -The original Hebrew of this verse is unclear, and scholars do not agree on what the writer intended to say. +The original Hebrew is unclear and scholars do not agree on what the writer intended to say. # the scepter -Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. Alternate translation: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the king" # does not last -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cannot resist" or "is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"cannot resist" or "is destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/14.md b/ezk/21/14.md index 1e0987e441..6d51a336d2 100644 --- a/ezk/21/14.md +++ b/ezk/21/14.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # hit your two hands together -This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. Alternate translation: "clap your hands to show that you are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"clap your hands to show that you are very sad" # even a third time -This is an idiom that means multiple times. Alternate translation: "again and again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"again and again" # A sword for the ones to be slaughtered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is a sword for slaughtering people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"It is a sword for slaughtering people" # It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is a sword for slaughtering many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"It is a sword for slaughtering many people" # piercing them everywhere @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is a sword for sla # piercing them -The word "them" refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. - +This refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/15.md b/ezk/21/15.md index d7d00e4949..2935d05fed 100644 --- a/ezk/21/15.md +++ b/ezk/21/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # to melt their hearts -This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. Alternate translation: "to fill them with terror" or "to cause them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to fill them with terror" or "to cause them to be terrified" # to multiply their fallen -Here "fallen" refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. Alternate translation: "to kill many people among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"to kill many people among them" # set the sword for slaughter -Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word "slaughter" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people" # their gates @@ -20,9 +16,8 @@ The word "their" refers to the people of Jerusalem. # It is made like lightning -This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. Alternate translation: "My sword is polished and flashes like lightning" or "It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"My sword is polished and flashes like lightning" # it is grasped for slaughter -The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "released to slaughter the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"released to slaughter the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/16.md b/ezk/21/16.md index edb78d965a..1ff08d1612 100644 --- a/ezk/21/16.md +++ b/ezk/21/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Strike sharply to the righthand side! ... Go wherever your face is turned. -Here Yahweh speaks to those who will attack his people as if they could hear him and as if they were a sword that they would use in the attack. He does this to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase "wherever your face is turned" is an idiom for "wherever you desire to go." Alternate translation: "I tell those attacking with swords, 'Strike to the right! ... Attack in every direction.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I tell those attacking with swords, 'Strike to the right! ... Attack in every direction.'" Yahweh speaks to those who will attack his people as if they could hear him and as if they were a sword that they would use in the attack. He does this to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/17.md b/ezk/21/17.md index 8e2b20dea0..719802c3df 100644 --- a/ezk/21/17.md +++ b/ezk/21/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # hit my two hands together -"clap my hands." Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. Alternate translation: "clap my hands in triumph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"clap my hands in triumph" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/18.md b/ezk/21/18.md index 2b73f2fca3..dd2e58fc5d 100644 --- a/ezk/21/18.md +++ b/ezk/21/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The word of Yahweh came to me again -The phrase "the word of Yahweh came" is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke to me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke to me again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/19.md b/ezk/21/19.md index 9c62366b21..e9546eecc6 100644 --- a/ezk/21/19.md +++ b/ezk/21/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the sword of the king of Babylon -The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: "the soldiers of the king of Babylon" or "the Babylonian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the soldiers of the king of Babylon" # a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city -This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate translation: "a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/20.md b/ezk/21/20.md index 3eb8c3c586..f333e7ab67 100644 --- a/ezk/21/20.md +++ b/ezk/21/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the sword -This is a metonym for the Babylonian army. Alternate translation: "the Babylonian army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the Babylonian army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/21.md b/ezk/21/21.md index 8f0b03f680..9555a6306b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/21.md +++ b/ezk/21/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. - # at the crossroads, at the junction -Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. Alternate translation: "at the crossroads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"at the crossroads". Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message. # He will shake some arrows and ask direction from some idols and he will examine a liver -These are divination practices. - +These are divination practices. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/22.md b/ezk/21/22.md index 33b4333ebb..eac602f1cd 100644 --- a/ezk/21/22.md +++ b/ezk/21/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # In his right hand will be a divination about Jerusalem -This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as a divination against Jerusalem in his right hand. Alternate translation: "In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem" # battering rams -A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. +A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal and was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. # to build a ramp @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they coul # siege towers -These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem. - +These were wooden towers that the soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/23.md b/ezk/21/23.md index c3cb649f61..872df241de 100644 --- a/ezk/21/23.md +++ b/ezk/21/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # in their eyes -The eyes are a metonym for thoughts or judgment about what the person sees. The word "their" refers to the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem" # accuse them of iniquity diff --git a/ezk/21/24.md b/ezk/21/24.md index b0b5ea1a67..472b94061b 100644 --- a/ezk/21/24.md +++ b/ezk/21/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. - # Because you have made your guilt to be remembered -"Because you remind me of your iniquity" +"Because you remind me of your iniquity". Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Jerusalem. # you will be taken in hand -This can be stated in active form. The "enemy's hand" represents the enemy's control. Alternate translation: "your enemy will take you in his hand" or "your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/25.md b/ezk/21/25.md index 5cc82cdb86..f9bc46acac 100644 --- a/ezk/21/25.md +++ b/ezk/21/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. - # whose day of punishment has come -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "whom Yahweh will now punish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"whom Yahweh will now punish". Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Israel. # whose time of committing iniquity has ended -"at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity" - +"at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/26.md b/ezk/21/26.md index 8bee13afdc..1ebfbdd5be 100644 --- a/ezk/21/26.md +++ b/ezk/21/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the turban -"the king's turban." A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority. +"the king's turban." This is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority. # the lowly ... the exalted -This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. Alternate translation: "those who are lowly ... those who are exalted" or "those with low status ... those with high status" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - +"those with low status ... those with high status" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/27.md b/ezk/21/27.md index aa49174742..03865c9283 100644 --- a/ezk/21/27.md +++ b/ezk/21/27.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # It will not be restored -Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: "There will no longer be a king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"There will no longer be a king". The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. # the one comes who is assigned -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the one comes who I assign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the one comes who I assign" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/28.md b/ezk/21/28.md index ab16a84863..6962daf7af 100644 --- a/ezk/21/28.md +++ b/ezk/21/28.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # concerning their coming disgrace -The word "disgrace" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "about how he will disgrace them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"about how he will disgrace them" # A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter -This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. Alternate translation: "Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter" # is drawn -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "is out of its sheath" +"is out of its sheath" # It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour -This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people" - -# so it will be like lightning - -This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: "and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/29.md b/ezk/21/29.md index b3a2731e6f..04e5a9cc3f 100644 --- a/ezk/21/29.md +++ b/ezk/21/29.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # empty visions for you ... practice divination to make up lies for you -"empty visions for you Ammonites ... with lies for you Ammonites." The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word "your" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-gendernotations]]) +"empty visions for you Ammonites ... with lies for you Ammonites." In the original Biblical language, the word "your" is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman. # empty visions -This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. Alternate translation: "visions that are not true" or "false visions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"visions that are not true" or "false visions" # the wicked -This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: "those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"those who are wicked" # who are about to be killed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who are about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"who are about to die" # whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end -The phrases "day of" and "time of" are idioms. Alternate translation: "for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end" or "for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/30.md b/ezk/21/30.md index 568342159b..c954e2bd77 100644 --- a/ezk/21/30.md +++ b/ezk/21/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. - # Return the sword to its sheath -"Later the sword will be put back in its sheath." This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh's sword is put back in its sheath. Alternate translation: "But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# sheath - -This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](../21/03.md). +"But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over". Yahweh's sword is put back in its sheath. # In the place of your creation -The word "creation" may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "In the place that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"In the place that I created you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/31.md b/ezk/21/31.md index 1544b85942..56f9ede106 100644 --- a/ezk/21/31.md +++ b/ezk/21/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # I will pour out my indignation on you -This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. Alternate translation: "I will punish you because of indignation against you" or "Out of my anger I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will punish you because of indignation against you" or "Out of my anger I will punish you" # I will fan the fire of my rage against you -This compares Yahweh's rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: "I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire" or "I will punish you in my fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire" or "I will punish you in my fierce anger" # the hand of cruel men -The "hand" of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: "the control of cruel men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the control of cruel men" # craftsmen of destruction -"men who cause great destruction" - +"men who cause great destruction" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/21/32.md b/ezk/21/32.md index 669cc4326b..4a44c6a30a 100644 --- a/ezk/21/32.md +++ b/ezk/21/32.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. - # You will become fuel for the fire -"The fire will burn up your bodies" +"The fire will burn up your bodies". Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. # Your blood will be in the midst of the land @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Ammon. # You will not be remembered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will remember you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"No one will remember you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/01.md b/ezk/22/01.md index a5d7d066d8..fa9a406053 100644 --- a/ezk/22/01.md +++ b/ezk/22/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/02.md b/ezk/22/02.md index b8c8eb68a1..5fd190e7a4 100644 --- a/ezk/22/02.md +++ b/ezk/22/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? -This rhetorical question functions as a command. Alternate translation: "Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood." # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1 # the city of blood -The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: "the city where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the city where many people murder their neighbors" # her -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/03.md b/ezk/22/03.md index be85af2155..4e252febb4 100644 --- a/ezk/22/03.md +++ b/ezk/22/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # her ... herself -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. This continues through verse 32. # This is a city that pours ... her midst -Here the "city" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people who live in this city pour ... its midst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people who live in this city pour ... its midst" # that pours out blood in her midst -The word "blood" is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: "where many people murder their neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"where many people murder their neighbors" # so that her time may come -This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate translation: "so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed" # unclean -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/04.md b/ezk/22/04.md index cd52147c32..2518bf1bd0 100644 --- a/ezk/22/04.md +++ b/ezk/22/04.md @@ -4,15 +4,11 @@ Yahweh continues to speak through Ezekiel to the people of Jerusalem. # by the blood that you have poured out -This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "because you murdered innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# unclean - -A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"because you murdered innocent people" # You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come -The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people's sin. Alternate translation: "Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time" or "You are bringing your existence to an end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] ) +"You are bringing your existence to an end". The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people's sin. # have drawn your days to a close @@ -20,7 +16,7 @@ The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both # I will make you an object of scorn to the nations and a laughingstock to all the lands -This can be reworded so that the nouns "scorn" and "laughingstock" are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: "I will make the nations scorn you and all the lands ridicule you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will make the nations scorn you and all the lands ridicule you" # an object of scorn @@ -32,5 +28,4 @@ a person whom people ridicule or mock # to all the lands -This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. Alternate translation: "of the people of every nearby land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"of the people of every nearby land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/05.md b/ezk/22/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/22/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/22/06.md b/ezk/22/06.md index b9692cb90b..96729ca4c3 100644 --- a/ezk/22/06.md +++ b/ezk/22/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. - # Behold -"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you". Yahweh speaks about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. # each one by his own power, have come @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh speaking about the ruler of Israel in Jerusalem. # come to you -Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: "come to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"come to Jerusalem". Yahweh speaks as if the city of Jerusalem were a woman who could hear him speak. # to pour out blood -This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"to murder people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/07.md b/ezk/22/07.md index f5b30fd814..d169704d6e 100644 --- a/ezk/22/07.md +++ b/ezk/22/07.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # within you ... in your midst ... within you -Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: "within Jerusalem ... in the midst of Jerusalem ... within Jerusalem." The words "you" and "your" refer to Jerusalem. +"within Jerusalem ... in the midst of Jerusalem ... within Jerusalem" # performed oppression on -"oppressed" - +"oppressed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/08.md b/ezk/22/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/22/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/22/09.md b/ezk/22/09.md index 21468780e4..af8ea367c7 100644 --- a/ezk/22/09.md +++ b/ezk/22/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # they eat on the mountains -Here "the mountains" refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: "they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols" # perform wickedness in your midst -"do evil things among you" - +"do evil things among you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/10.md b/ezk/22/10.md index b5d3ac135e..98e45f1112 100644 --- a/ezk/22/10.md +++ b/ezk/22/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. He speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. The word "you" is always feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God continues to speak through Ezekiel about the terrible things that the people of Jerusalem have done. He speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. The word "you" is always feminine singular. # Within you -In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "within this city" or "among you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"within this city" or "among you people of Jerusalem". # men uncover the nakedness of their father -This means that men shame their father by having sexual relations with their father's wife. Alternate translation: "there are men who have sexual relations with their father's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"there are men who have sexual relations with their father's wife" # they have violated unclean women during their impurity -These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: "They have raped unclean women during their impurity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"They have raped unclean women during their impurity" # unclean ... impurity -A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. The word "impurity" is a euphemism for the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. Women were considered to be unclean at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) - +A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. The word "impurity" refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. Women were considered to be unclean at this time. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/11.md b/ezk/22/11.md index 2b0048474a..52d9cafc6f 100644 --- a/ezk/22/11.md +++ b/ezk/22/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # commit abominations with their neighbors' wives ... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean ... abuse their own sisters -These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: "commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors' wives... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... rape their own sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors' wives... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... rape their own sisters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/12.md b/ezk/22/12.md index 2c0fb8ee7c..f8eaba383b 100644 --- a/ezk/22/12.md +++ b/ezk/22/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # to pour out blood -This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: "to murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to murder people" # interest -This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 18:8](../18/08.md). +This refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret "interest" in this passage as "too much interest." See Ezekiel 18:8. # you have forgotten me -Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists. # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/13.md b/ezk/22/13.md index 52daa4b51e..b0a688bfea 100644 --- a/ezk/22/13.md +++ b/ezk/22/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem by speaking directly to the city as if it were a woman. # With my hand I have struck -"I have shaken my fist against" or "I have clapped my hands against." This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: "I have shown my anger and disapproval against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"I have shown my anger and disapproval against" # the bloodshed that is done in the midst of you -"the murder that people commit in you" - +"the murder that people commit in you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/14.md b/ezk/22/14.md index 06066ba420..be430cc33f 100644 --- a/ezk/22/14.md +++ b/ezk/22/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? -Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you." # Will your heart stand -Here the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate translation: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous" # will your hands be strong -Here the whole person is referred to by his "hands." Alternate translation: "will you be strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"will you be strong" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/15.md b/ezk/22/15.md index 6c869abb75..8cb2264e17 100644 --- a/ezk/22/15.md +++ b/ezk/22/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: "So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations". See Ezekiel 12:15. # purge remove something unwanted -# uncleanness - -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the nations -Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: "the people in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people in other nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/16.md b/ezk/22/16.md index f2d5171fd8..7041190fca 100644 --- a/ezk/22/16.md +++ b/ezk/22/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations -Here the "nations" refer to the people who live in those places. The "eyes" represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "So the nations will consider you unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"So the nations will consider you unclean" # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/17.md b/ezk/22/17.md index a5d7d066d8..51dc2916fa 100644 --- a/ezk/22/17.md +++ b/ezk/22/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/18.md b/ezk/22/18.md index f51c4c835e..ef383cadc4 100644 --- a/ezk/22/18.md +++ b/ezk/22/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the house of Israel has -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites have" or "the Israelite people group has" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Israelites have" or "the Israelite people group has". See Ezekiel 3:1. # has become dross to me -Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: "has become as worthless to me as dross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"has become as worthless to me as dross". Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. # All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin ... like the dross of silver in your furnace -Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: "All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/19.md b/ezk/22/19.md index 265d5ea67d..9b1c5103e3 100644 --- a/ezk/22/19.md +++ b/ezk/22/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # behold -"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" - +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/20.md b/ezk/22/20.md index d138ae622d..957872ff60 100644 --- a/ezk/22/20.md +++ b/ezk/22/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues to describe his punishment of the people of Israel in Jerusalem as if they were metals that he was melting and purifying in a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # I will gather you in my anger and my wrath -The phrases with "anger" and "wrath" are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: "Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you" or "I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/21.md b/ezk/22/21.md index a7975a02ec..25d43c80dc 100644 --- a/ezk/22/21.md +++ b/ezk/22/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath -This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: "I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you". This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/22.md b/ezk/22/22.md index 53fb3d8c95..61f114de94 100644 --- a/ezk/22/22.md +++ b/ezk/22/22.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ The word "it" refers to Jerusalem. # have poured out my wrath on you -God speaks of punishing the people as if his wrath were a liquid that he would pour on them. Alternate translation: "have punished you in my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"have punished you in my anger" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/23.md b/ezk/22/23.md index 8bb9d55413..51ba93e955 100644 --- a/ezk/22/23.md +++ b/ezk/22/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem. - # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/24.md b/ezk/22/24.md index f6cd5d2e0e..80095ad71b 100644 --- a/ezk/22/24.md +++ b/ezk/22/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # You are a land that has not been cleansed -This can be stated in active form. The word "land" here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "You are a land and a people that is unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You are a land and a people that is unclean" # not been cleansed -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. # There is no rain on the day of wrath -Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. Alternate translation: "There is no blessing on the day of wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"There is no blessing on the day of wrath". Rain is used as an example of God's blessing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/25.md b/ezk/22/25.md index 2d3dfca573..9c618eafb8 100644 --- a/ezk/22/25.md +++ b/ezk/22/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst -The word "her" refers to Israel. Alternate translation: "The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies" +"The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies" # conspiracy @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal # like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth -This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. Alternate translation: "They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples' precious wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples' precious wealth" # they make many widows within her -The word "her" refers to Israel. They "make many widows" by killing married men. Alternate translation: "they make many women into widows by killing their husbands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"they make many women into widows by killing their husbands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/26.md b/ezk/22/26.md index f9004f8860..7f83803306 100644 --- a/ezk/22/26.md +++ b/ezk/22/26.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # the unclean and the clean -This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "things that are unclean and things that are clean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"things that are unclean and things that are clean" # They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths -This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath" Alternate translation: "They ignore my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They ignore my Sabbaths" # so that I am profaned in their midst -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and profane me among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"and profane me among themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/27.md b/ezk/22/27.md index e4cab1d38d..e14936fed7 100644 --- a/ezk/22/27.md +++ b/ezk/22/27.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ # her -This pronoun refers to Jerusalem. +This refers to Jerusalem. # Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims -This compares Israel's princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This compares Israel's princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims. # They pour out blood and destroy life -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. Alternate translation: "They murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"They murder people" # for unjust gain -"so that they can make a profit through dishonest actions" +"so that they can make a profit through dishonest actions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/28.md b/ezk/22/28.md index 6d29480a01..b7e920563d 100644 --- a/ezk/22/28.md +++ b/ezk/22/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash -This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. Alternate translation: "It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash" or "Their prophets try to hide these evil things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash" or "Their prophets try to hide these evil things" # whitewash @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This is a solution that is painted on things to make them white that is similar # their seers -The word "their" refers to the priests ([Ezekiel 22:26](../22/26.md)) and princes ([Ezekiel 22:27](../22/27.md)) . - +The word "their" refers to the priests (Ezekiel 22:26) and princes (Ezekiel 22:27). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/29.md b/ezk/22/29.md index 6c3dea658b..70bb79028d 100644 --- a/ezk/22/29.md +++ b/ezk/22/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # have oppressed ... and plundered -The understood words may be supplied. Alternate translation: "have oppressed people ... and plundered others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"have oppressed people ... and plundered others" # extortion -This refers to when someone threatens or hurts another person in order to make them give him money. +When someone threatens or hurts another person in order to make them give him money. # the poor and needy -This refers to poor and needy people. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and needy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - +"those who are poor and needy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/30.md b/ezk/22/30.md index 6340bab548..6af89460d8 100644 --- a/ezk/22/30.md +++ b/ezk/22/30.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army. # a man from them who would build up a wall -This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. Alternate translation: "a man from among them who would act like he built a wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"a man from among them who would act like he built a wall" # stand before me in its breach -Its "breach" refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Its "breach" refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city. # for the land so I would not destroy it -Here the "land" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "for the people so that I would not destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"for the people so that I would not destroy them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/31.md b/ezk/22/31.md index d77ec4ed5e..479cf1158d 100644 --- a/ezk/22/31.md +++ b/ezk/22/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # pour out my indignation upon them -This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: "I will punish the people because of my indignation for them" or "I will punish the people because of my anger against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will punish the people because of my anger against them" # indignation @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ anger of a person who has suffered injustice # I will finish them with the fire of my indignation -This speaks of how harsh Yahweh's judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as "finishing" them. Alternate translation: "I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire" or "I will destroy them with my wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) - +"I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire" or "I will destroy them with my wrath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/22/intro.md b/ezk/22/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5db8ee9148..0000000000 --- a/ezk/22/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 22 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Continuous evil - -Murder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 22:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/23/01.md b/ezk/23/01.md index 969bfcf889..393252794f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/01.md +++ b/ezk/23/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh speaks of how the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him in a metaphor in which he refers to them as two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. This continues through Ezekiel 23:34. # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/02.md b/ezk/23/02.md index 6187099126..b70b498663 100644 --- a/ezk/23/02.md +++ b/ezk/23/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" - +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/03.md b/ezk/23/03.md index 0f6f25f9c2..ff09009af7 100644 --- a/ezk/23/03.md +++ b/ezk/23/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Their breasts were squeezed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Men squeezed their breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Men squeezed their breasts" # their virgin nipples were fondled there -This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "there men fondled their virgin nipples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"there men fondled their virgin nipples". This phrase emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. # fondled -to be touched lovingly or softly - +to be touched lovingly or softly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/04.md b/ezk/23/04.md index 58088e988e..52a1718390 100644 --- a/ezk/23/04.md +++ b/ezk/23/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # they became mine -This means that he married them and they became his wives. Alternate translation: "they became my wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they became my wives" # Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem -"Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem." In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem." This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh. # Oholah -This is the name of a woman that means "her tent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a woman that means "her tent" # Oholibah -This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/05.md b/ezk/23/05.md index cda362bd19..3323fdceb0 100644 --- a/ezk/23/05.md +++ b/ezk/23/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to speak of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women and continues through Ezekiel 23:34. # when she was mine -This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: "while she was still my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"while she was still my wife" # who were dominant -"who ruled over her" - +"who ruled over her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/06.md b/ezk/23/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/23/07.md b/ezk/23/07.md index f732c4d59c..96ec90f261 100644 --- a/ezk/23/07.md +++ b/ezk/23/07.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ This identifies who the word "them" refers to. # she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols -This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: "she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols" # unclean -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/08.md b/ezk/23/08.md index 4f37a2cc57..5463e5ef0b 100644 --- a/ezk/23/08.md +++ b/ezk/23/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # when they had lain with her -The phrase "had lain with her" is a polite way of speaking about having sexual relations. Alternate translation: "when they had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"when they had sexual relations with her" # poured out their lust upon her -This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. Alternate translation: "to act lustfully toward her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to act lustfully toward her" # bosom -Here this word, which refers to the chest, shoulders, and arms is probably a euphemism for the breasts. Alternate translation: "breasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) - +"breasts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/09.md b/ezk/23/09.md index 4a275dbfcd..60fd7b3f81 100644 --- a/ezk/23/09.md +++ b/ezk/23/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians -The word "hand" refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that "her lovers" were "the Assyrians." Alternate translation: "I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +"I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/10.md b/ezk/23/10.md index ae5549dd3e..b50602b022 100644 --- a/ezk/23/10.md +++ b/ezk/23/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # they executed judgment on her -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they talked about her disgrace" or "she had a bad reputation among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"they talked about her disgrace" or "she had a bad reputation among them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/11.md b/ezk/23/11.md index 45f7afa38e..a8f01f0cba 100644 --- a/ezk/23/11.md +++ b/ezk/23/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to speak of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women, continuing through Ezekiel 23:34. # Oholibah -This is the name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +The name of a woman that means "my tent is in her." See Ezekiel 23:4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/12.md b/ezk/23/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/23/13.md b/ezk/23/13.md index 70a5feadaa..903826bdc0 100644 --- a/ezk/23/13.md +++ b/ezk/23/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# unclean - -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # It was the same for both sisters -This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate translation: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/14.md b/ezk/23/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d9c9e09bc..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/ezk/23/15.md b/ezk/23/15.md index f785624805..6512eaf02c 100644 --- a/ezk/23/15.md +++ b/ezk/23/15.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ hats made out of long cloth and wrapped around the top of a man's head # had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons -The abstract nouns "likeness" and "appearance" can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: "appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons" # chariot troops @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ soldiers who drive chariots and who run ahead of and beside them # sons of Babylonia -"Babylonians" - +"Babylonians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/16.md b/ezk/23/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d9c9e09bc..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/ezk/23/17.md b/ezk/23/17.md index 565f9a3b3c..83280ba450 100644 --- a/ezk/23/17.md +++ b/ezk/23/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # her bed of lust -This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: "her bed where she acted lustfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"her bed where she acted lustfully" # they made her unclean with their fornication -This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: "they slept with her and made her unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# unclean - -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they slept with her and made her unclean" # so she turned herself away from them -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "so she rejected them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"so she rejected them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/18.md b/ezk/23/18.md index 3d9c9e09bc..3efa8d49c8 100644 --- a/ezk/23/18.md +++ b/ezk/23/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women, continuing through Ezekiel 23:34. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/19.md b/ezk/23/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/23/20.md b/ezk/23/20.md index 4324917b58..1ee38e8203 100644 --- a/ezk/23/20.md +++ b/ezk/23/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # whose private parts were like those of donkeys -This compares the size of the mens' private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. Alternate translation: "whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey". This is an exaggeration. # whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses -This compares the volume of the mens' emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah's desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: "whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse". This is an exaggeration. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/21.md b/ezk/23/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/23/22.md b/ezk/23/22.md index f853c83a00..e9163aa1af 100644 --- a/ezk/23/22.md +++ b/ezk/23/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Behold! -"Listen!" The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +"Listen!". This alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. # I will bring them against you from every side -"I will cause them to attack you from all directions" - +"I will cause them to attack you from all directions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/23.md b/ezk/23/23.md index 627890177b..a9951d8bb3 100644 --- a/ezk/23/23.md +++ b/ezk/23/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them -This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: "soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them" # Pekod, Shoa, and Koa -These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: "those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa". These are the names places in Babylonia and represent the soldiers from these places. # strong, handsome men, governors and officials ... all of them riding on horses -This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](../23/06.md). - +This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. See Ezekiel 23:6 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/24.md b/ezk/23/24.md index c0999bcf4b..46e94597c4 100644 --- a/ezk/23/24.md +++ b/ezk/23/24.md @@ -1,23 +1,19 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # will come against you -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"will attack you" # with weapons -The Hebrew word translated here as "weapons" is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out. +The Hebrew word translated here as "weapons" is rare. Many modern versions translate it this way, but others leave it out. # They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around -These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. Alternate translation: "Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets" # they will judge you -The word "judge" is a metonym for the punishment that follows the judgment. Alternate translation: "they will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will punish you" # according to their judgments -"according to their customs" or "according to the way they punish people" or "as they think best" \ No newline at end of file +"according to their customs" or "according to the way they punish people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/25.md b/ezk/23/25.md index c5ce185b87..0f3a98b786 100644 --- a/ezk/23/25.md +++ b/ezk/23/25.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury -Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. Alternate translation: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you" # They will cut off your noses and your ears -This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate translation: "They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears" # your survivors will fall by the sword -The word "fall" is a euphemism for "die." The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. Alternate translation: "men will kill your survivors with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"men will kill your survivors with their swords" # your survivors will be devoured by fire -This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your survivors will be burned by fire" or "fire will burn your survivors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"your survivors will be burned by fire" or "fire will burn your survivors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/26.md b/ezk/23/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d9c9e09bc..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/ezk/23/27.md b/ezk/23/27.md index 382fee2466..185b64ece9 100644 --- a/ezk/23/27.md +++ b/ezk/23/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # from the land of Egypt -This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate translation: "which you began in the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"which you began in the land of Egypt". This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. # You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing -This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: "You will not look toward them with longing" or "You will not desire these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You will not look toward them with longing" or "You will not desire these things" # you will think of Egypt no longer -Here "Egypt" represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: "you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer" or "you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/28.md b/ezk/23/28.md index c9018a7027..8e27285209 100644 --- a/ezk/23/28.md +++ b/ezk/23/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Behold "Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important" # give you into the hand of the ones you hate ... into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away -These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: "allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from". This means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. # into the hand -Here the word "hand" refers to control. Alternate translation: "into the control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"into the control" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/29.md b/ezk/23/29.md index 99604730b3..c5d604a03b 100644 --- a/ezk/23/29.md +++ b/ezk/23/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # naked and bare -These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +These two words emphasize that she will be completely uncovered. # The nakedness of your fornication will be uncovered -The words "nakedness" and "fornication" here are euphemistic metonyms for the body parts that a person uses for fornication. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They will reveal the nakedness of your fornication" or "Your private parts will be uncovered and everyone will be able to see that you have been fornicating" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Your private parts will be uncovered and everyone will be able to see that you have been fornicating" # fornication ... fornications -These instances of the same English word translate two different Hebrew words that have the same meaning. Some modern translations use the idea of prostitution in one or both instances since the Bible presents both acts as the same kind of sexual immorality. +Some translations use the idea of prostitution in one or both instances, since the Bible presents both acts as the same kind of sexual immorality. # your wicked deeds -Or "your wicked plans." The word "wickedness" here is probably specifically sexual immorality. - +"your wicked plans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/30.md b/ezk/23/30.md index 2ca987e5c7..953868f207 100644 --- a/ezk/23/30.md +++ b/ezk/23/30.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # These things will be done to you in your acting -"These things will be done to you because you have acted." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "These things will happen to you because you have acted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"These things will happen to you because you have acted" # acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations -Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations' wealth and power. Alternate translation: "acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations". Ezekiel wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh will punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations' wealth and power. # became unclean with their idols -She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate translation: "became unclean by worshiping their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# unclean - -A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"became unclean by worshiping their idols". A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See Ezekiel 23:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/31.md b/ezk/23/31.md index f287115ef5..f133d372f7 100644 --- a/ezk/23/31.md +++ b/ezk/23/31.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand -This refers to Oholibah's punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. Alternate translation: "so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister". This refers to Oholibah's punishment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/32.md b/ezk/23/32.md index 4e79ef0805..8b259ad99f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/32.md +++ b/ezk/23/32.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. This metaphor continues through Ezekiel 23:34. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to speak of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women, continuing through Ezekiel 23:34. # You will drink your sister's cup -Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. Alternate translation: "You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister" # your sister's cup that is -Here the "cup" represents what is in the cup. Alternate translation: "from your sister's cup that is" or "all that is in your sister's cup, and her cup is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"all that is in your sister's cup, and her cup is" # a laughingstock ... a subject for derision -Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone. # this cup contains a great amount -This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](../23/31.md). Alternate translation: "this cup contains a great amount of punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"this cup contains a great amount of punishment". This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading Ezekiel 23:31. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/33.md b/ezk/23/33.md index c40fbbc75a..c2944e1ea6 100644 --- a/ezk/23/33.md +++ b/ezk/23/33.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow -This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: "You will become very drunk and very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You will become very drunk and very sad" # the cup of horror and devastation -"the cup that causes horror and devastation." The words "horror" and "devastation" share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: "for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation" # the cup of your sister Samaria -Oholibah's sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it's name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: "for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/34.md b/ezk/23/34.md index 832f9f848b..7e369ed5a4 100644 --- a/ezk/23/34.md +++ b/ezk/23/34.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ +# General Information + +jThis concludes the account (begun in Ezekiel 23:2) of the two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. + # tear your breasts "cut your beasts" # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/35.md b/ezk/23/35.md index 81fb642467..d1984096f2 100644 --- a/ezk/23/35.md +++ b/ezk/23/35.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # thrown me away behind your back -Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. Alternate translation: "rejected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"rejected me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/36.md b/ezk/23/36.md index 9c177e3c27..0cd7f4e9cc 100644 --- a/ezk/23/36.md +++ b/ezk/23/36.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? -Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. This question can be written as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. Alternate translation: "Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!" or "Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah." # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). - +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/37.md b/ezk/23/37.md index e3595eb320..41b79afd34 100644 --- a/ezk/23/37.md +++ b/ezk/23/37.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # there is blood on their hands -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"they have murdered people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/38.md b/ezk/23/38.md index ab9b72fbcc..a9993eea1f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/38.md +++ b/ezk/23/38.md @@ -2,11 +2,6 @@ Yahweh speaks about how the people of Jerusalem and Samaria have been unfaithful to him. -# unclean - -A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # on the same day they defile my Sabbaths -The phrase "same day" refers to the previous phrase "make my sanctuary unclean." Alternate translation: "on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/39.md b/ezk/23/39.md index 574f365245..eaa9aa3bc1 100644 --- a/ezk/23/39.md +++ b/ezk/23/39.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # in the middle of my house -This refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate translation: "in my own house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"in my own house". The word "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/40.md b/ezk/23/40.md index 39645d2f9e..1af67d1d9d 100644 --- a/ezk/23/40.md +++ b/ezk/23/40.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. # behold -"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man. # you bathed -Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/41.md b/ezk/23/41.md index 8af7cd63d5..fadd11f1ea 100644 --- a/ezk/23/41.md +++ b/ezk/23/41.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # you sat -Here the word "you" switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. # my incense and my oil -These are items used in worship to Yahweh. - +These are items used in worship to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/42.md b/ezk/23/42.md index 6af98ca0ac..926bb4745c 100644 --- a/ezk/23/42.md +++ b/ezk/23/42.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # So the sound of a carefree crowd was around her -The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: "So there was a carefree crowd around her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"So there was a carefree crowd around her" # carefree crowd -Many modern translations read "noisy crowd" because happy, carefree crowds are noisy. +Many translations read "noisy crowd" because happy, carefree crowds are noisy. # was around her ... on their hands @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ Many modern translations read "noisy crowd" because happy, carefree crowds are n # Sabeans were brought -This can be stated in active form. The word "Sabeans" refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: "Sabeans had come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Sabeans had come" # they put bracelets -The word "they" refers to the men. - +The word "they" refers to the men. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/43.md b/ezk/23/43.md index f2fc36d4ea..a9752c8594 100644 --- a/ezk/23/43.md +++ b/ezk/23/43.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to refer to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two sexually immoral women. # her who was worn out ... with her, and she with them -This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. +If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. # by adulteries -"by committing adultery so many times" +"by committing adultery so many times" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/44.md b/ezk/23/44.md index 5bf3ac78b5..7fef93f376 100644 --- a/ezk/23/44.md +++ b/ezk/23/44.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # They went to her -This is a polite way of saying that they had sexual relations with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying that they had sexual relations with her. # In this way they went to Oholah and Oholibah -"This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah" - +"This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/45.md b/ezk/23/45.md index 198bb8efd7..05041ab580 100644 --- a/ezk/23/45.md +++ b/ezk/23/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # pass judgment -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "condemn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"condemn" # who shed blood ... blood is on their hands -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "who murder people ... murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"who murder people ... murderers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/46.md b/ezk/23/46.md index ed716d9674..6911078f0a 100644 --- a/ezk/23/46.md +++ b/ezk/23/46.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # raise up a company -The phrase "raise up" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "gather a large group of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"gather a large group of people" # against them and give them @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Yahweh gives up the responsibility to take care of them and allows them to suffe # to be terrorized and plundered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for the company to terrorize and plunder them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"for the company to terrorize and plunder them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/47.md b/ezk/23/47.md index dd35305aae..d3b993349d 100644 --- a/ezk/23/47.md +++ b/ezk/23/47.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # cut them down -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "kill them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"kill them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/48.md b/ezk/23/48.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/48.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/23/49.md b/ezk/23/49.md index 19fe78de0c..52e046001f 100644 --- a/ezk/23/49.md +++ b/ezk/23/49.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # So they will set your -"So the company will set your." The word "they" refers to the "company" of people from [Ezekiel 23:47](../23/47.md). +"So the company will set your". The word "they" refers to the "company" of people from Ezekiel 23:47. # set your shameful behavior against you -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" or "punish you for your shameful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior" or "punish you for your shameful behavior" # bear the guilt of your sins with your idols -"accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols." This implies that they will be punished for their sins. Alternate translation: "receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/23/intro.md b/ezk/23/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4798945686..0000000000 --- a/ezk/23/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 23 General Notes - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -Israel and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 23:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/24/01.md b/ezk/24/01.md index 341066959a..9cf95b4689 100644 --- a/ezk/24/01.md +++ b/ezk/24/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. - # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. "Yahweh spoke this message" # in the ninth year -"in year 9." This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: "in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" # the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month -"the tenth day of the tenth month" or "the 10th day of the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +"the 10th day of the 10th month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/02.md b/ezk/24/02.md index 0a7a8cd00e..8c891267fc 100644 --- a/ezk/24/02.md +++ b/ezk/24/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. # the king of Babylon has besieged -The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: "the army of the king of Babylon has besieged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the army of the king of Babylon has besieged" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/03.md b/ezk/24/03.md index 9fc3aad13a..9a2098aa1d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/03.md +++ b/ezk/24/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +Yahweh speaks a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. # this rebellious house -This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: "this rebellious people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"this rebellious people". See Ezekiel 2:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/04.md b/ezk/24/04.md index 4fa20505e4..47bb5b7b3e 100644 --- a/ezk/24/04.md +++ b/ezk/24/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Gather pieces of food -Here "food" refers specifically to meat. Alternate translation: "Place pieces of meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"Place pieces of meat" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/05.md b/ezk/24/05.md index 573d320359..0db2681c29 100644 --- a/ezk/24/05.md +++ b/ezk/24/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here the "flock" refers to sheep, not birds. # pile up the bones under it -Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate translation: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire". Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/06.md b/ezk/24/06.md index a55644c1b4..4e30cf14f6 100644 --- a/ezk/24/06.md +++ b/ezk/24/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. They have been completely rotted. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. # the city of blood -Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." Alternate translation: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the city of murderers" # a cooking pot -Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: "it is like a cooking pot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: "it is like a cooking pot" # rust @@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually des # Take piece after piece -Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor. +Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person. # but do not cast lots for it -Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots. - +Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/07.md b/ezk/24/07.md index 57dc31d746..547fd24007 100644 --- a/ezk/24/07.md +++ b/ezk/24/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem, continuing through Ezekiel 24:14. # For her blood is in the midst of her -This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: "For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there" # her @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, which is represented by the cooking pot. # She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust -This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: "They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood" or "Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood" # has set it on the smooth rock -"has put the blood on bare rocks" - +"has put the blood on bare rocks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/08.md b/ezk/24/08.md index e235da12ca..d7e8097fd7 100644 --- a/ezk/24/08.md +++ b/ezk/24/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # so it brings fury up to exact vengeance -Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge". Yahweh is speaking about taking revenge. # so it could not be covered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that no one could cover it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"so that no one could cover it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/09.md b/ezk/24/09.md index a11a1dba2e..0a204cbc29 100644 --- a/ezk/24/09.md +++ b/ezk/24/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - # the city of blood -Here "blood" is a reference to "murder." Alternate translation: "the city of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the city of murderers" # I will also enlarge the pile of wood -It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. "I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/10.md b/ezk/24/10.md index add4b83c4a..7656541669 100644 --- a/ezk/24/10.md +++ b/ezk/24/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # let the bones be charred -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "burn the bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"burn the bones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/11.md b/ezk/24/11.md index 040008a3de..7cd8e99923 100644 --- a/ezk/24/11.md +++ b/ezk/24/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem, continuing through Ezekiel 24:14. # scorch @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ to burn the surface of something # so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion" # uncleanness -A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. # corrosion @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ rust # consumed -burned away - +burned away \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/12.md b/ezk/24/12.md index 3002779f22..6a7d84fa03 100644 --- a/ezk/24/12.md +++ b/ezk/24/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # She has become weary -Here the word "she" refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem has become tired" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Jerusalem has become tired" # toil @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ difficult labor # but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire -The phrase "has not gone out of her" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "but the fire did not burn away her corrosion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"but the fire did not burn away her corrosion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/13.md b/ezk/24/13.md index e2c3021cdc..0c8b98746b 100644 --- a/ezk/24/13.md +++ b/ezk/24/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through Ezekiel 24:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - # until I have satisfied my fury upon you. -This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his "fury" that were punishing them. Alternate translation: "until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you" or "until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/14.md b/ezk/24/14.md index c578b60751..a29f1707fa 100644 --- a/ezk/24/14.md +++ b/ezk/24/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues telling a parable to Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. This parable continues through the end of this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel about a cooking pot that represents Jerusalem, continuing through the end of this verse. # nor will I rest from it -"nor will I rest from punishing you." The word "it" refers to Yahweh punishing the people. +"nor will I rest from punishing you." This refers to Yahweh punishing the people. # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/15.md b/ezk/24/15.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/24/15.md +++ b/ezk/24/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/16.md b/ezk/24/16.md index b6f0e6997e..e0370cb93b 100644 --- a/ezk/24/16.md +++ b/ezk/24/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the delight of your eyes from -This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate translation: "your wife, whom you love very much, from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"your wife, whom you love very much, from" # delight @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ or "desire" in a good way # you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow -These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. Alternate translation: "you must not mourn nor weep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +"you must not mourn nor weep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/17.md b/ezk/24/17.md index 5f1dcf8dac..7536835ece 100644 --- a/ezk/24/17.md +++ b/ezk/24/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the dead -This refers to his dead wife. Alternate translation: "your dead wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"your dead wife" # turban @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the ankles # do not cover your facial hair -In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. Alternate translation: "do not mourn by veiling your facial hair" or "do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard". In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/18.md b/ezk/24/18.md index 0fb8df779e..72d1fba43d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/18.md +++ b/ezk/24/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # In the morning -"The next morning" - +"The next morning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/19.md b/ezk/24/19.md index f9a0184f54..994623c7f4 100644 --- a/ezk/24/19.md +++ b/ezk/24/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and Ezekiel tells them what Yahweh has said to them. - +The people of Israel question Ezekiel, and he tells them what Yahweh has said to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/20.md b/ezk/24/20.md index bf746d6241..1b881695c3 100644 --- a/ezk/24/20.md +++ b/ezk/24/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/21.md b/ezk/24/21.md index 26c06385aa..2658f4d131 100644 --- a/ezk/24/21.md +++ b/ezk/24/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. # Behold -The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. # I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of ... of your soul, and your sons @@ -12,17 +12,16 @@ The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information # the pride of your power -This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their "pride" instead of the source of their pride. Alternate translation: "the building that you are proud of" or "the source of your strong pride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the building that you are proud of" or "the source of your strong pride" # the delight of your eyes -Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." Alternate translation: "the building that you delight to look at" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the building that you delight to look at" # the yearning of your soul -Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate translation: "the building that you truly love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the building that you truly love" # your sons and your daughters ... will fall by the sword -This refers to their enemies by their swords. Alternate translation: "your sons and daughters ... will be killed in war" or "your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters ... with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters ... with their swords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/22.md b/ezk/24/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/24/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/24/23.md b/ezk/24/23.md index 8a1286703e..452e2cdc3d 100644 --- a/ezk/24/23.md +++ b/ezk/24/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # you will rot away -Here "rot away" is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. Alternate translation: "you will become very thin and slowly die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you will become very thin and slowly die" # in your iniquities -This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. Alternate translation: "and I will not forgive your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"and I will not forgive your sins" # groan -This is the sound a person makes who wants help, but who has too much pain or sorrow to speak. - +The sound a person makes who wants help, but who has too much pain or sorrow to speak. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/24.md b/ezk/24/24.md index 659b9fcc42..b1db34e0f9 100644 --- a/ezk/24/24.md +++ b/ezk/24/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # So Ezekiel will be a sign for you -Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: "So Ezekiel will be a warning for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"So Ezekiel will be a warning for you". See Ezekiel 12:6. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/25.md b/ezk/24/25.md index 5ec0993f48..abca414ae1 100644 --- a/ezk/24/25.md +++ b/ezk/24/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # that I capture their stronghold -Here "stronghold" is a metaphor for the temple. Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if he were an army invading a fortified city. Alternate translation: "that I destroy their temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"that I destroy their temple" # stronghold, the joy of their splendor, and the delight of their eyes and the burden of their soul, their sons @@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ Here "stronghold" is a metaphor for the temple. Yahweh speaks of destroying the # the joy of their splendor -"the splendor in which they take joy" or "the splendid building in which they take joy" +"the splendid building in which they take joy" # the delight of their eyes -"the temple, which they love very much." See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 24:16](../24/16.md). +"the temple, which they love very much." See Ezekiel 24:16. # the burden of their soul -Here the word "burden" is used in a good sense. "What they think most about" or "What they love the most." \ No newline at end of file +"What they think most about" or "What they love the most." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/26.md b/ezk/24/26.md index 8397fc9b19..8a288b2494 100644 --- a/ezk/24/26.md +++ b/ezk/24/26.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # refugee -someone who has been forced to leave his country because of war or another disaster - +someone who has been forced to leave his country because of war or another disaster \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/27.md b/ezk/24/27.md index f02b39265a..a1c879b8e2 100644 --- a/ezk/24/27.md +++ b/ezk/24/27.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # your mouth will be opened up -This can be stated in active form. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. Alternate translation: "I will open your mouth" or "you will know what to say" or "I will cause you to know what to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I will open your mouth" or "I will cause you to know what to say" # you will speak—you will no longer be silent -Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +These phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak. # You will be a sign for them -Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: "You will be a warning for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You will be a warning for them". See Ezekiel 12:6. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/24/intro.md b/ezk/24/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c10d4f9bac..0000000000 --- a/ezk/24/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 24 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Too many sins to be forgiven - -The people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -Jerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 24:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/25/01.md b/ezk/25/01.md index a5d7d066d8..14d2a108b2 100644 --- a/ezk/25/01.md +++ b/ezk/25/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/02.md b/ezk/25/02.md index db45c0a8cc..181f642ae9 100644 --- a/ezk/25/02.md +++ b/ezk/25/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # set your face against the people of Ammon -This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: "stare angrily at the people of Ammon" or "stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - -# set your face against the people of Ammon - -Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: "Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed". Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See Ezekiel 6:2. # the people of Ammon @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in th # prophesy against them -"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them." This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md). - +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them". See Ezekiel 4:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/03.md b/ezk/25/03.md index ac51a2a065..cb3b8026a3 100644 --- a/ezk/25/03.md +++ b/ezk/25/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. - # Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh -"Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh" +"Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh". Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. # you said, "Aha!" @@ -12,7 +8,7 @@ Yahweh tells Ezekiel what to say to the people of Ammon. # over my sanctuary when it was profaned -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it" # against the land ... against the house @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "against my sanctuary # the house of Judah -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Judah". See Ezekiel 3:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/04.md b/ezk/25/04.md index 740a5116f1..7b4797781a 100644 --- a/ezk/25/04.md +++ b/ezk/25/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # behold -"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession -This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. Alternate translation: "I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you". This speaks as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. # They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession # They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk -It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate translation: "They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/05.md b/ezk/25/05.md index d9c9a1270a..c3ab97541f 100644 --- a/ezk/25/05.md +++ b/ezk/25/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the people of Ammon a field for flocks -Here the phrase "the people of Ammon" refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. Alternate translation: "I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks" # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/06.md b/ezk/25/06.md index 8f67e5fcfa..de091b7270 100644 --- a/ezk/25/06.md +++ b/ezk/25/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet -These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +These actions show strong emotions, the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel. # all the contempt within you against the land of Israel -Here the phrase "the land of Israel" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/07.md b/ezk/25/07.md index 568d5705e6..d035266c51 100644 --- a/ezk/25/07.md +++ b/ezk/25/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # behold -"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what i am about to tell you" +"listen" or "pay attention to what i am about to tell you" # I will strike you with my hand -"I will hit you with my powerful hand." Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. Alternate translation: "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will punish you" # give you as plunder to the nations -The word "you" refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. Alternate translation: "I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder" # I will cut you off from the peoples ... make you perish from among the lands -These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +"I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/08.md b/ezk/25/08.md index 85bd2c6b14..a94b740114 100644 --- a/ezk/25/08.md +++ b/ezk/25/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Moab and Seir -These places refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "the people of Moab and Seir" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Moab and Seir" # Behold! The house of Judah is like -"Look at the house of Judah. It is like" - -# The house of Judah is - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "The Judah people group are" or "The people of Judah are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Look at the house of Judah. It is like" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/09.md b/ezk/25/09.md index d43aa9faa4..a9a7152bc2 100644 --- a/ezk/25/09.md +++ b/ezk/25/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # behold! I will open -"look! I will open" or "listen! I will open" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open" +"listen! I will open" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open" # starting at his cities -Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun "his." Alternate translation: "starting at its cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"starting at its cities" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/10.md b/ezk/25/10.md index 5f4c4c0d9c..f734e641d7 100644 --- a/ezk/25/10.md +++ b/ezk/25/10.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # I will give them up as a possession -Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. Alternate translation: "I will allow the armies to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will allow the armies to conquer them" # so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/11.md b/ezk/25/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/25/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/25/12.md b/ezk/25/12.md index 2036014294..73e9b5fef3 100644 --- a/ezk/25/12.md +++ b/ezk/25/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Edom has taken -Here "Edom" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people of Edom have taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# the house of Judah - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Judah people group" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people of Edom have taken" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/13.md b/ezk/25/13.md index 819b8fdca4..75b901c263 100644 --- a/ezk/25/13.md +++ b/ezk/25/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will strike Edom with my hand -Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](../25/07.md). Alternate translation: "I will punish Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will punish Edom" # I will make them ... from Teman to Dedan -"I will make all of Edom ... from Teman to Dedan." These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"I will make all of Edom ... from Teman to Dedan." These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom, meaning that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom. # They will fall by the sword -The word "fall" represents being killed and the word "sword" refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: "Their enemies will kill them with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Their enemies will kill them with their swords" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/14.md b/ezk/25/14.md index a9e5fb1e6f..35da2ffbcd 100644 --- a/ezk/25/14.md +++ b/ezk/25/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel -Here the "hand" of Israel is a metonym for Israel's army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. The abstract noun "vengeance" can be translated with the verb "to punish." Alternate translation: "I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom". This refers to Israel's army. # they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Here the "hand" of Israel is a metonym for Israel's army. Yahweh speaks of takin # my anger and my fury -The word "fury" means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word "anger." Alternate translation: "my furious anger" or "my extreme anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"my furious anger" or "my extreme anger" # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/15.md b/ezk/25/15.md index 97d122fee7..8eed24dcb8 100644 --- a/ezk/25/15.md +++ b/ezk/25/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # to destroy Judah -Here "Judah" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "to destroy the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to destroy the people of Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/16.md b/ezk/25/16.md index 2ceee86b1e..74ea0c2d9c 100644 --- a/ezk/25/16.md +++ b/ezk/25/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Behold - -This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" - # I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines -Here Yahweh's power is represented by his "hand." Alternate translation: "I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines" or "I will turn my great power against the Philistines" # I will cut off -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will destroy" or "I will get rid of" # Kerethites -people who lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +people who lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/25/17.md b/ezk/25/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/25/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/25/intro.md b/ezk/25/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index cb12bd3cb3..0000000000 --- a/ezk/25/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 25 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -#### Prophecy against other nations -This chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 25:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/26/01.md b/ezk/26/01.md index 43f0873f6a..66bcef3e6f 100644 --- a/ezk/26/01.md +++ b/ezk/26/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # in the eleventh year -"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" # on the first day of the month -"on day 1 of the month." It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on day 1 of the month." It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/02.md b/ezk/26/02.md index 308d5f751d..01d61c3f25 100644 --- a/ezk/26/02.md +++ b/ezk/26/02.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity". God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # Tyre has said against Jerusalem -Here the city names "Tyre" and "Jerusalem" represent the people of those cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem" # Aha! -The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. Alternate translation: "Yes!" or "This is great!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) +"Yes!" or "This is great". The word "Aha" is a sound people make when they discover something. # The gates of the people are broken -The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Armies have broken down the gates of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Armies have broken down the gates of the people". The people of Tyre refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. # She has turned to me -Here the word "she" refers to the word "gates" which have "turned" on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate translation: "The gateway has opened to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"The gateway has opened to me". Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. # I will be filled up -Here to be "filled up" represents being prosperous. Alternate translation: "I will become prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will become prosperous" # she is ruined -"Jerusalem is ruined" - +"Jerusalem is ruined" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/03.md b/ezk/26/03.md index 684f8f13c5..0a61c462ce 100644 --- a/ezk/26/03.md +++ b/ezk/26/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Behold! -"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves -Here the word "nations" refers to their armies. Alternate translation: "I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/04.md b/ezk/26/04.md index 35d733c445..cf3376f3d8 100644 --- a/ezk/26/04.md +++ b/ezk/26/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock -Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. Alternate translation: "I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/05.md b/ezk/26/05.md index c3c3bef847..c6444de71f 100644 --- a/ezk/26/05.md +++ b/ezk/26/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # She will become -The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "Tyre will become" or "It will become" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"Tyre will become" or "It will become". The city of Tyre is spoken of as if it were a woman. Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea -Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre's destruction. Alternate translation: "an empty island used for drying fishing nets" or "a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets". Part of Tyre was an island. # she will become plunder for the nations -"Plunder" means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: "the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre". "Plunder" means things that people steal or take by force. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/06.md b/ezk/26/06.md index 6cf93d1d60..bd8b68b56d 100644 --- a/ezk/26/06.md +++ b/ezk/26/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields" # Her daughters who are in the fields -Possible meanings are 1) "Her daughters" were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "Her daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: "Her daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Her daughter communities who are on the mainland". Possible meanings are: "Her daughters" were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or "Her daughters" refer to nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/07.md b/ezk/26/07.md index 0b76c2fb34..ea23ff17a0 100644 --- a/ezk/26/07.md +++ b/ezk/26/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # Behold -"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings -The phrase "king of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king" # a great crowd of people -This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar's army. - +This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar's army. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/08.md b/ezk/26/08.md index 47cf8da23e..18bd34c83e 100644 --- a/ezk/26/08.md +++ b/ezk/26/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # He will kill -Here the word "He" refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: "His army will kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# your daughters in the field - -Possible meanings are 1) "your daughters" refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or 2) "your daughters" is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: "your daughter communities who are on the mainland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"His army will kill" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/09.md b/ezk/26/09.md index 2d7e4f6d12..7655b3e5bc 100644 --- a/ezk/26/09.md +++ b/ezk/26/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -The words "he" and "his" in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army doing these actions. The word "your" refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +The words "he" and "his" in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army doing these actions. The word "your" refers to the city of Tyre. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and with his tools he will tear down your towers -Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +The battering rams and tools would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar's army against the walls and towers. # battering rams -"Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:2](../04/02.md). +"Battering rams" are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See Ezekiel 4:2. # tools -Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers - +Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/10.md b/ezk/26/10.md index 39169ec919..05b731cf70 100644 --- a/ezk/26/10.md +++ b/ezk/26/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down -Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar's army will enter into the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh describes how Nebuchadnezzar's army will enter into the city of Tyre. # whose walls have been broken down -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "after breaking down its walls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"after breaking down its walls" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/11.md b/ezk/26/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/26/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/26/12.md b/ezk/26/12.md index 11666ca2f9..36ea0ee7fe 100644 --- a/ezk/26/12.md +++ b/ezk/26/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The word "They" in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words "your" and "you" refer to the city of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise -The phrases "plunder your riches" and "loot your merchandise" mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The phrases are repeated for emphasis. # Your stones, your timber, and the rubble @@ -16,5 +8,4 @@ These refer to what is left after the walls and homes are torn down. # into the waters -"into the sea" - +"into the sea" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/13.md b/ezk/26/13.md index f11a14baf1..d076378711 100644 --- a/ezk/26/13.md +++ b/ezk/26/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The sound of your harps will be heard no more -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/14.md b/ezk/26/14.md index cfc577eeaf..673661e67d 100644 --- a/ezk/26/14.md +++ b/ezk/26/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will make you a bare rock -This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](../26/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See Ezekiel 26:4. # you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry -This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](../26/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See Ezekiel 26:5. # you will become a place where nets -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will make you a place where nets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will make you a place where nets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/15.md b/ezk/26/15.md index ea4aea5eaa..63e1d84d66 100644 --- a/ezk/26/15.md +++ b/ezk/26/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # Will not the islands quake ... in your midst? -This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre's destruction. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The islands will quake ... in your midst." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The islands will quake ... in your midst." # Will not the islands quake -Here "the islands" represents the people living on the islands. Alternate translation: "Will not the people of the islands quake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Will not the people of the islands quake with fear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/16.md b/ezk/26/16.md index a0bb915989..6e7b9cc8c6 100644 --- a/ezk/26/16.md +++ b/ezk/26/16.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # They will clothe themselves with trembling -This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing. # be appalled because of you -"be unable to speak because what has happened to you is so bad" - +"be unable to speak because what has happened to you is so bad" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/17.md b/ezk/26/17.md index 958dbefa0f..0d1493dafc 100644 --- a/ezk/26/17.md +++ b/ezk/26/17.md @@ -2,19 +2,14 @@ In these verses, "They" refers to the "princes of the sea" in the previous verse, and "you" refers to Tyre. -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # lift up "sing" # How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors" # spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them -The abstract noun "terror" can be translated using the adjective "terrified." Alternate translation: "caused all the people around them to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"caused all the people around them to be terrified" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/18.md b/ezk/26/18.md index 19725480d7..5eb5ea2783 100644 --- a/ezk/26/18.md +++ b/ezk/26/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place -These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two lines emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre. # Now the coasts tremble -Here "the coasts" represents the people living there. Alternate translation: "Now the people of the coastlands tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Now the people of the coastlands tremble" # The islands in the sea are terrified -Here "the islands in the sea" represents the people living there. Alternate translation: "The people of the islands are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of the islands are terrified" # you are no longer in your place -The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. Alternate translation: "you have departed" or "you exist no more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"you exist no more" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/19.md b/ezk/26/19.md index 8830e6e14e..294b8b7f95 100644 --- a/ezk/26/19.md +++ b/ezk/26/19.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # When I make you -The word "you" here refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language "you" here is feminine singular. +The word "you" here refers to the city of Tyre. In the original language "you" is feminine singular. # When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited -Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them. # the deeps -Here "the deeps" means the deep waters of the sea. Alternate translation: "the deep waters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - +"the deep waters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/20.md b/ezk/26/20.md index cc67378940..d2caf0dec1 100644 --- a/ezk/26/20.md +++ b/ezk/26/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest parts of the earth as in ruins of ancient times -What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. # the pit -This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. # stand in the land of the living -This represents being restored to the city's former existence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This represents being restored to the city's former existence. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/21.md b/ezk/26/21.md index 7a4e01d903..567d0d4f51 100644 --- a/ezk/26/21.md +++ b/ezk/26/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will place disaster on you -The abstract noun "disaster" can be translated using the adjective "terrible" or the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "I will bring you to a terrible end" or "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will bring you to a terrible end" or "I will destroy you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/26/intro.md b/ezk/26/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d8cfec0dd..0000000000 --- a/ezk/26/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 26 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -This chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 26:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/27/01.md b/ezk/27/01.md index a5d7d066d8..fccea48500 100644 --- a/ezk/27/01.md +++ b/ezk/27/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. +The prophecy against Tyre continues. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. It is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/02.md b/ezk/27/02.md index cd83c84e94..00149add01 100644 --- a/ezk/27/02.md +++ b/ezk/27/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. # begin a lamentation -The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." Alternate translation: "begin to lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"begin to lament" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/03.md b/ezk/27/03.md index a1c60b6590..684513c066 100644 --- a/ezk/27/03.md +++ b/ezk/27/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # say to Tyre -Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: "say to the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"say to the people of Tyre" # who lives within the gates of the sea @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation # Tyre, you have said -Here the word "Tyre" represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: "People of Tyre, you have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"People of Tyre, you have said" # I am perfect in beauty -The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." Alternate translation: "I am perfectly beautiful" or "I am entirely beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I am perfectly beautiful" or "I am entirely beautiful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/04.md b/ezk/27/04.md index 2a250614d3..4ec4b9763a 100644 --- a/ezk/27/04.md +++ b/ezk/27/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -"Your" and "you" in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +"Your" and "you" in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described as if it were a beautiful ship. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # Your borders @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # heart of the seas -"middle of the seas" - +"middle of the seas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/05.md b/ezk/27/05.md index 7fc2b0c4ac..2cf9533d25 100644 --- a/ezk/27/05.md +++ b/ezk/27/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ long, flat pieces of wood; thick boards # a mast -a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship - +a large pole on a ship that holds up the sails of the ship \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/06.md b/ezk/27/06.md index 06950d5cc3..1ec32332f2 100644 --- a/ezk/27/06.md +++ b/ezk/27/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -"They" in these verses refers to the builders of Tyre. "Your" refers to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They" refers to the builders of Tyre. "Your" refers to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as a beautiful ship. # oars @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ the parts of the boat that people can walk on # ivory -a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals - +a white, beautiful, and hard material that is made from the long teeth of some animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/07.md b/ezk/27/07.md index 32d00883db..29c666177f 100644 --- a/ezk/27/07.md +++ b/ezk/27/07.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ large pieces of cloth that move a ship when the wind blows on them # Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your signal flag -The sails of the ship are compared to the signal flags of Tyre's military. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +The sails of the ship are compared to the signal flags of Tyre's military. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/08.md b/ezk/27/08.md index 510f3b56fd..ef7e99a485 100644 --- a/ezk/27/08.md +++ b/ezk/27/08.md @@ -2,15 +2,10 @@ The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Arvad -This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria. # pilots -A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship. - +A pilot is a person who controls where a ship goes by steering the ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/09.md b/ezk/27/09.md index 94079d22ca..b7d6ea8e62 100644 --- a/ezk/27/09.md +++ b/ezk/27/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Byblos -This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name "Gebal." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-textvariants]]) +The name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name "Gebal". # filled your seams @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the na # sailors -A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship. - +A sailor is one of the team of workers on a ship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/10.md b/ezk/27/10.md index e5d7e1aa0c..8b9320423a 100644 --- a/ezk/27/10.md +++ b/ezk/27/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # Persia, Lydia ... Libya -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. # your men of war @@ -16,5 +8,4 @@ These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) # your splendor -The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." Alternate translation: "how splendid you were" or "how majestic you were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"how splendid you were" or "how majestic you were" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/11.md b/ezk/27/11.md index 16b9c764a5..d0b1e407b5 100644 --- a/ezk/27/11.md +++ b/ezk/27/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Arvad ... Helek ... Gammad -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. # They completed your beauty -The abstract noun "beauty" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful." Alternate translation: "They finished making you beautiful" or "They made you perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"They finished making you beautiful" or "They made you perfectly beautiful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/12.md b/ezk/27/12.md index 5b53cb83bf..6f46cf1c56 100644 --- a/ezk/27/12.md +++ b/ezk/27/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # Silver, iron, tin, and lead metals that were used during that time period # your wares -"the things you offered for sale" - +"the things you offered for sale" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/13.md b/ezk/27/13.md index eaf32d3973..12bd07026b 100644 --- a/ezk/27/13.md +++ b/ezk/27/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Greece -Some English translations read, "Javan." This is the name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Javan". The name of a coastal region also known as Ionia. # They handled your merchandise -"They traded for your merchandise" - +"They traded for your merchandise" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/14.md b/ezk/27/14.md index 698dff3bb9..5526a4aac2 100644 --- a/ezk/27/14.md +++ b/ezk/27/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The word "your" in these verses refers to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # Beth Togarmah -the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +the name of a place # warhorses -adult male horses - +adult male horses \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/15.md b/ezk/27/15.md index 4bfb63333e..e778bca8e1 100644 --- a/ezk/27/15.md +++ b/ezk/27/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Rhodes -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. # Merchandise was in your hand -Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: "You owned things that you sold to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You owned things that you sold to them" # horn -This refers to the tusks or elongated teeth of certain animals. +The tusks or elongated teeth of certain animals. # ebony -a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or heavy - +a dark brown to black hardwood that is very dense or heavy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/16.md b/ezk/27/16.md index f15d31626c..5fed15b10c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/16.md +++ b/ezk/27/16.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # Aram was a trading partner -Here "Aram" refers to the people of Aram. Alternate translation: "The people of Aram were trading partners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Aram were trading partners" # emeralds @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ An emerald is a type of green precious stone. # purple -Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. Alternate translation: "purple cloth" or "purple yarn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"purple cloth" or "purple yarn" # pearls @@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ beautiful beads of hard white material that come from creatures in the sea # rubies -A ruby is a type of red precious stone. - +A ruby is a type of red precious stone. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/17.md b/ezk/27/17.md index b0c4e036f6..b95eafd1e6 100644 --- a/ezk/27/17.md +++ b/ezk/27/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you -Here "Judah and the land of Israel" refers to the people of those places. Alternate translation: "The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you" # Minnith -This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place. # cakes -The meaning of the Hebrew word translated here as "cakes" is uncertain. Other versions may translate it as another type of food. +The meaning of the Hebrew word translated as "cakes" is uncertain. Other versions translate it as another type of food. # balsam -a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree - +a sweet-smelling gum or resin that comes from a tree \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/18.md b/ezk/27/18.md index 13ed021d66..338a547bf8 100644 --- a/ezk/27/18.md +++ b/ezk/27/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Helbon ... Zahar -names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +names of places # enormous wealth -"abundant wealth" or "great wealth" - +"abundant wealth" or "great wealth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/19.md b/ezk/27/19.md index 79097da6d4..5aae5dc23b 100644 --- a/ezk/27/19.md +++ b/ezk/27/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # Dan ... Javan ... Izal -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. # Dan and Javan -This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. Alternate translation: "The people of Dan and Javan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Dan and Javan" # wrought iron @@ -20,9 +12,8 @@ a form of iron that can be shaped with a hammer # cinnamon -This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia" is another name for this spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +"Cassia" is another name for this spice, which comes from the bark of a tree. # calamus -a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - +a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/20.md b/ezk/27/20.md index 9cf124d2b0..8fd4eaa584 100644 --- a/ezk/27/20.md +++ b/ezk/27/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Dedan was -This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. Alternate translation: "The people of Dedan were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Dedan were" # saddle blankets -A saddle blanket is a piece of cloth that people place on a horse beneath a saddle or seat. - +A piece of cloth that people place on a horse beneath a saddle or seat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/21.md b/ezk/27/21.md index eacc268419..6e59eb8c94 100644 --- a/ezk/27/21.md +++ b/ezk/27/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Arabia ... Kedar -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. # Arabia -This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. Alternate translation: "The people of Arabia" or "The Arabians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people of Arabia" or "The Arabians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/22.md b/ezk/27/22.md index 195a6180d6..16edbbe788 100644 --- a/ezk/27/22.md +++ b/ezk/27/22.md @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # Sheba ... Raamah -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of places. # precious gems -"valuable stones" - +"valuable stones" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/23.md b/ezk/27/23.md index 879986914a..7e865dade9 100644 --- a/ezk/27/23.md +++ b/ezk/27/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were your trading partners, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad -This refers to the people from these places. Alternate translation: "The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden traded with you in the past, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden traded with you in the past, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad" # Haran ... Kanneh ... Eden ... Sheba ... Ashur ... Kilmad -These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are the names of places. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/24.md b/ezk/27/24.md index fb040e4e46..982bcb409f 100644 --- a/ezk/27/24.md +++ b/ezk/27/24.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. - # These were your dealers "They traded with you" @@ -16,5 +8,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth -"blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" - +"blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/25.md b/ezk/27/25.md index c417566ecc..8f277299b4 100644 --- a/ezk/27/25.md +++ b/ezk/27/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise" # you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo -Tyre's abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Tyre's abundance is spoken of as a ship that was full of cargo. # heart of the seas -"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). - +"middle of the seas." See Ezekiel 27:4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/26.md b/ezk/27/26.md index 541b592130..98e4e9b9b5 100644 --- a/ezk/27/26.md +++ b/ezk/27/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. +The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # Your rowers @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. # middle of them -"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). - +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas". See Ezekiel 27:4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/27.md b/ezk/27/27.md index b35fb647ee..1a378958a0 100644 --- a/ezk/27/27.md +++ b/ezk/27/27.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ men who sail boats # all your company -Possible meanings are 1) "all the people on the ship" or 2) "all of your companions." +"all the people on the ship" or "all of your companions" # depths of the sea -"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). +"heart of the seas" or "middle of the seas." See Ezekiel 27:4. # on the day of your overthrow -The abstract noun "overthrow" can be translated using the verb "overthrow." Alternate translation: "at the time they overthrow you" or "when they destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"at the time they overthrow you" or "when they destroy you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/28.md b/ezk/27/28.md index 2c74e233fe..b24087ca16 100644 --- a/ezk/27/28.md +++ b/ezk/27/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. - # Connecting Statement: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. # Cities at the sea will tremble -Here "Cities at the sea" represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: "The people of the cities by the sea will tremble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people of the cities by the sea will tremble" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/29.md b/ezk/27/29.md index ed908c3efb..e91f3b377c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/29.md +++ b/ezk/27/29.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # All those who handle oars -"All the rowers" - +"All the rowers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/30.md b/ezk/27/30.md index 1c87d012ee..d66a4dc195 100644 --- a/ezk/27/30.md +++ b/ezk/27/30.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ because they are sad # they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes -These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/31.md b/ezk/27/31.md index a145acd997..c43bbe0c6c 100644 --- a/ezk/27/31.md +++ b/ezk/27/31.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -The word "they" in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words "you" and "your" refer to Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "they" refers to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words "you" and "your" refer to Tyre. # They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth -These are expressions of grieving and mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +These are expressions of grieving and mourning. # bald -having no hair on the head - +having no hair on the head \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/32.md b/ezk/27/32.md index 6250fbb4ae..bd60555999 100644 --- a/ezk/27/32.md +++ b/ezk/27/32.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They will lift up their wails of lamentation -The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." Alternate translation: "They will cry out and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"They will cry out and lament" # sing dirges @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ The abstract noun "lamentation" can be translated using the verb "lament." Alter # Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? -This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea." # who has now been brought to silence -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "who its enemies have now silenced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"who its enemies have now silenced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/33.md b/ezk/27/33.md index e1ff290fa6..1ef12b1fa1 100644 --- a/ezk/27/33.md +++ b/ezk/27/33.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # When your merchandise went ashore -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "When people brought your merchandise ashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"When people brought your merchandise ashore" # ashore @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "When people brough # you enriched the kings of the earth -"you made the kings of the earth rich" - +"you made the kings of the earth rich" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/34.md b/ezk/27/34.md index 31bc399096..e1b58c7d36 100644 --- a/ezk/27/34.md +++ b/ezk/27/34.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to Tyre. - # Connecting Statement: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship. # when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you" # shattered @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ To "shatter" is to break up into pieces. # all your company -Possible meanings are 1) "all the people on the ship" or 2) "all of your companions." See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 27:27](../27/27.md). - +"all the people on the ship" or "all of your companions". See Ezekiel 27:27. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/35.md b/ezk/27/35.md index 2b87c7350b..af26a2acea 100644 --- a/ezk/27/35.md +++ b/ezk/27/35.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # their kings bristled in horror -The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the verb "were afraid." Alternate translation: "their kings bristled because they were afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"their kings bristled because they were afraid" # bristled -"were taken aback" or "were startled." These are natural physical reactions to messages that surprise and frighten. +"were taken aback" or "were startled". natural physical reactions to messages that surprise and frighten # Their faces trembled -Here "faces" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "They appear to be trembling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"They appear to be trembling" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/36.md b/ezk/27/36.md index 1c28e18ccc..e235b1046a 100644 --- a/ezk/27/36.md +++ b/ezk/27/36.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # hiss at you -Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. # you have become a horror -The abstract noun "horror" can be translated using the adjective "dreadful." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have become dreadful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"you have become dreadful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/27/intro.md b/ezk/27/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 81ccd86bb8..0000000000 --- a/ezk/27/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 27 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -The prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -Tyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 27:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/28/01.md b/ezk/28/01.md index a5d7d066d8..f661fe16ac 100644 --- a/ezk/28/01.md +++ b/ezk/28/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/02.md b/ezk/28/02.md index 3934712603..72a3bebc44 100644 --- a/ezk/28/02.md +++ b/ezk/28/02.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. # Your heart is arrogant -Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: "You are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You are arrogant" # arrogant -falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important +falsely believing oneself to be important # I will sit in the seat of the gods -"I will sit on the throne of the gods." Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will sit on the throne of the gods." Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods. # heart of the seas -"middle of the seas." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:4](../27/04.md). +"middle of the seas." See Ezekiel 27:4. # you make your heart like the heart of a god -Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. Alternate translation: "you think that you have the mind of a god" or "you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"you think that you have the mind of a god" or "you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people". A god thinks of himself as better than people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/03.md b/ezk/28/03.md index b8a4e8ecbf..1f51a0e616 100644 --- a/ezk/28/03.md +++ b/ezk/28/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # you think that you are wiser than Daniel -Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/04.md b/ezk/28/04.md index ce5b4c2953..e391167f86 100644 --- a/ezk/28/04.md +++ b/ezk/28/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. +The words "you" and "your" refer to the ruler of Tyre. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. # You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill -The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "skill" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "skillful." Alternate translation: "You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill" or "You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill" # obtained gold and silver @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "skill" can be translated using the adjectives " # treasuries -places to store valuable objects and keep them safe - +places to store valuable objects and keep them safe \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/05.md b/ezk/28/05.md index 7bf77a44ec..2683acc813 100644 --- a/ezk/28/05.md +++ b/ezk/28/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth -The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "wealth" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "wealthy." Alternate translation: "By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are" # your heart is arrogant -Here "heart" represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: "you are arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you are arrogant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/06.md b/ezk/28/06.md index 99043b68c9..3dfc926e46 100644 --- a/ezk/28/06.md +++ b/ezk/28/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. - -# you have made your heart like the heart of a god - -Here "heart" represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the ruler of Tyre. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/07.md b/ezk/28/07.md index 1c8ed43664..1a76192d87 100644 --- a/ezk/28/07.md +++ b/ezk/28/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the beauty of your wisdom -The abstract nouns "beauty" and "wisdom" can be translated using the adjective "beautiful" and the adverb "wisely." Alternate translation: "the beautiful things that you have so wisely made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"the beautiful things that you have so wisely made" # profane your splendor -The abstract noun "splendor" can be translated using the adjective "splendid." Alternate translation: "profane how splendid you are" or "defile how majestic you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"profane how splendid you are" or "defile how majestic you are" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/08.md b/ezk/28/08.md index ed5deb9047..0433366f2f 100644 --- a/ezk/28/08.md +++ b/ezk/28/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. The word "They" refers to foreign armies. The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the ruler of Tyre. The word "They" refers to foreign armies. The words "you" and "your" refer to the king of Tyre. # down to the pit -Here "the pit" refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: "down to the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"down to the grave" # in the heart of the seas -"in the middle of the seas" - +"in the middle of the seas" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/09.md b/ezk/28/09.md index 71f586b2c0..9971ace41f 100644 --- a/ezk/28/09.md +++ b/ezk/28/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Will you truly say, "I am a god" to the face of one who kills you? -This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You will not say 'I am a god' to the face of one who kills you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"You will not say 'I am a god' to the face of one who kills you!" # to the face of -Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate translation: "in the presence of" or "before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"in the presence of" or "before" # in the hand of -Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. Alternate translation: "under the control of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"under the control of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/10.md b/ezk/28/10.md index ff76603a02..2620958d8c 100644 --- a/ezk/28/10.md +++ b/ezk/28/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # by the hand of foreigners -Here "hand" is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners' army. Alternate translation: "by an army of foreigners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"by an army of foreigners" # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/11.md b/ezk/28/11.md index f5ab94a4c2..24213f37e1 100644 --- a/ezk/28/11.md +++ b/ezk/28/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, -The idiom "The word of Yahweh came again to" is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said," or "Yahweh spoke this second message to me:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said". This introduces a special message from God. See Ezekiel 18:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/12.md b/ezk/28/12.md index 463f9385d3..b4c93dc917 100644 --- a/ezk/28/12.md +++ b/ezk/28/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. # lift up @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ # You were the model of perfection -The abstract nouns "model" an d "perfection" can be translated using the words "completely" and "perfect." Alternate translation: "You were completely perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"You were completely perfect" # full of wisdom and perfect in beauty -The abstract nouns "wisdom" and "beauty" can be translated using the adjectives "wise" and "beautiful." Alternate translation: "fully wise and perfectly beautiful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"fully wise and perfectly beautiful" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/13.md b/ezk/28/13.md index 76f3a145de..b537cce27b 100644 --- a/ezk/28/13.md +++ b/ezk/28/13.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl -These are all precious stones of different colors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +These are all precious stones of different colors. # settings and mountings @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ pieces of metal that hold the precious stones # It was on the day you were created that they were prepared -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I prepared them on the day that I created you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I prepared them on the day that I created you" # prepared -"made ready" - +"made ready" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/14.md b/ezk/28/14.md index 8cc47a766a..92c49ac518 100644 --- a/ezk/28/14.md +++ b/ezk/28/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -The word "you" in these verses refers to the king of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. +The word "you" refers to the king of Tyre. Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. # cherub -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:9. # the fiery stones -"the stones of fire." Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the stones of fire." Possible meanings are: the colorful and bright stones mentioned in Ezekiel 28:13 or other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/15.md b/ezk/28/15.md index 93896fb050..1270135355 100644 --- a/ezk/28/15.md +++ b/ezk/28/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # from the day you were created until injustice was found within you -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/16.md b/ezk/28/16.md index 2d43e06d46..a0c0b4917c 100644 --- a/ezk/28/16.md +++ b/ezk/28/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. - # great trade "large volume of trade" # you were filled with violence -Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun "violence" can be translated using the adjective "violent." Alternate translation: "you and your people became completely violent" or "you and your peoplewere completely violent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"you and your people became completely violent" or "you and your people were completely violent" # guardian cherub -"guarding cherub" - -# the fiery stones - -"the stones of fire." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). Possible meanings are 1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or 2) other fiery stones on the "holy mountain of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"guarding cherub" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/17.md b/ezk/28/17.md index f665d35853..b37bfcdab9 100644 --- a/ezk/28/17.md +++ b/ezk/28/17.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Your heart was arrogant -Here the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. Alternate translation: "You were arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"You were arrogant" # arrogant -falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important +falsely believing oneself to be important # Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor -The abstract nouns "beauty," wisdom" and "splendor" can be translated using the adjectives "beautiful," "wise" and "splendid." Alternate translation: "Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid" # before kings @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ The abstract nouns "beauty," wisdom" and "splendor" can be translated using the # so they may see you -"so they may look at you" - +"so they may look at you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/18.md b/ezk/28/18.md index 9d5d482ebb..c2c3302e58 100644 --- a/ezk/28/18.md +++ b/ezk/28/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "you" and "your" in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. - # it will consume you -"it will devour you." The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. Alternate translation: "it will burn you up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"it will burn you up" # turn you into ashes -This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. Alternate translation: "burn you up to ashes" or "burn you up completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"burn you up to ashes" or "burn you up completely" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/19.md b/ezk/28/19.md index c6f48065c8..72bce6b2b4 100644 --- a/ezk/28/19.md +++ b/ezk/28/19.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ shake or tremble with fear # you will be no more forever -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:36](../27/36.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 27:36. # you have become terrified -Another possible meaning is "you have become a terror" or "those who see you will be terrified." - +"you have become a terror" or "those who see you will be terrified." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/20.md b/ezk/28/20.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/28/20.md +++ b/ezk/28/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/21.md b/ezk/28/21.md index 25b9663645..8bcd0eeaf3 100644 --- a/ezk/28/21.md +++ b/ezk/28/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # set your face against Sidon -Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: "Turn toward Sidon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"Turn toward Sidon and stare angrily" or "stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed". Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See Ezekiel 6:2. # prophesy against -"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md). - +"prophesy about the bad things that will happen to". See Ezekiel 4:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/22.md b/ezk/28/22.md index e4a08f1d12..bffd00c894 100644 --- a/ezk/28/22.md +++ b/ezk/28/22.md @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ # Behold! -"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # I will be glorified in your midst -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will reveal my glory among you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will reveal my glory among you" # they will know ... within her ... in her -Here "they" and "her" refer to the people of Sidon. This can be translated with second person pronouns. Alternate translation: "you will know ... within you ... in you" + +"you will know ... within you ... in you". Here "they" and "her" refer to the people of Sidon. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. # when I execute judgments within her -The abstract noun "judgments" can be translated using the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "when I judge her" or "when I punish her the way she deserves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"when I judge her" or "when I punish her the way she deserves" # I will be shown to be holy in her -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will show that I am holy when I punish her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will show that I am holy when I punish her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/23.md b/ezk/28/23.md index 740c1f71a1..b2e4e8b34e 100644 --- a/ezk/28/23.md +++ b/ezk/28/23.md @@ -1,15 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Sidon. - # in her ... in her ... midst of her ... against her ... then they -Here "her" and "they" refer to the people of Sidon. If you used second person pronouns in the previous verse, you may want to use them here. Alternate translation: "in you ... in you ... midst of you ... against you ... then you" + +"in you ... in you ... midst of you ... against you ... then you". Here "her" and "they" refer to the people of Sidon. # blood in her streets -Here "blood" refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill. # When the sword comes against her -Here "sword" is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. Alternate translation: "When enemy armies attack her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"When enemy armies attack her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/24.md b/ezk/28/24.md index 4c408a2cca..898f11177f 100644 --- a/ezk/28/24.md +++ b/ezk/28/24.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Then there will no longer be pricking briers and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around them who despise them -Here the briers and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. Alternate translation: "Then there will no longer be people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briers, hurt them like thorns, and despise them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Then there will no longer be people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briers, hurt them like thorns, and despise them" # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. # around them ... them ... they will know -The words "them" and "they" refer to the people of Israel. - +These words refer to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/25.md b/ezk/28/25.md index 981d2e19fe..887b95abf7 100644 --- a/ezk/28/25.md +++ b/ezk/28/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # among whom they were scattered -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"among whom I scattered them" # so the nations may see @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I scatt # my servant Jacob -Here "Jacob" represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: "the descendants of my servant Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the descendants of my servant Jacob" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/26.md b/ezk/28/26.md index 83df55cdb6..35055e7399 100644 --- a/ezk/28/26.md +++ b/ezk/28/26.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # when I execute judgments on all -The abstract noun "judgments" can be translated using the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "when I judge all" or "when I punish all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"when I judge all" or "when I punish all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/28/intro.md b/ezk/28/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8cc83e4205..0000000000 --- a/ezk/28/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 28 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 28:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/29/01.md b/ezk/29/01.md index 81ff85a858..3dd604501a 100644 --- a/ezk/29/01.md +++ b/ezk/29/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # In the tenth year -It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin's exile. Alternate translation: "In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin". This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. # in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month -"on the twelfth day of the tenth month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on the twelfth day of the tenth month." This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/02.md b/ezk/29/02.md index 91009c0418..6fdcc7b17b 100644 --- a/ezk/29/02.md +++ b/ezk/29/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. Ezekiel 2:1. # set your face against Pharaoh -This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: "turn toward Pharaoh and stare" or "stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"turn toward Pharaoh and stare" or "stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed". This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See Ezekiel 6:2. # prophesy against him and against all of Egypt -"tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt" - +"tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/03.md b/ezk/29/03.md index b241264096..3c7676f491 100644 --- a/ezk/29/03.md +++ b/ezk/29/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the great sea monster -"the huge creature that lives in the water." Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - +"the huge creature that lives in the water." Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/04.md b/ezk/29/04.md index 1372fc1aed..d860cde211 100644 --- a/ezk/29/04.md +++ b/ezk/29/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as though he were a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh, speaking of him as a monster in the water and the people of Egypt were fish. # hooks @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ sharp and bent pieces of metal or wood that people use to catch fish and other a # scales -hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals - +hard pieces of skin that are on fish, crocodiles, and other animals \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/05.md b/ezk/29/05.md index c29fa53cc7..d57698ce02 100644 --- a/ezk/29/05.md +++ b/ezk/29/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # gather together or assemble -The phrase "gather together" and the word "assemble" mean the same thing and form a doublet. You may need to omit one or the other in your translation. Alternate translation: "never again gather together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"never again gather together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/06.md b/ezk/29/06.md index 593fa5d954..4da697fdc2 100644 --- a/ezk/29/06.md +++ b/ezk/29/06.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7."understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" # they have been a walking stick made of a reed -The word "they" refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A walking stick made of a reed is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. Alternate translation: "they have been as unreliable as a walking stick made of a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they have been as unreliable as a walking stick made of a reed". This refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A walking stick made of a reed is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. # reed -a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass - +a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/07.md b/ezk/29/07.md index 0ac21b21fe..8a569d710d 100644 --- a/ezk/29/07.md +++ b/ezk/29/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # When they took hold of you in their hand -God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. Alternate translation: "When they relied on you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"When they relied on you" # When they took hold of you -The word "they" refers to the Israelites and the word "you" refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt. +This refers to the Israelites and the word "you" refers to Pharaoh or Pharaoh and Egypt. # you caused their legs to be unsteady -Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: "you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady". Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/08.md b/ezk/29/08.md index ca2435b6bf..8016eacdf8 100644 --- a/ezk/29/08.md +++ b/ezk/29/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. - # Behold! -"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord's message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you". This adds emphasis to what is said next and is the Lord's message to Pharaoh. # I will bring a sword against you -Here "sword" is a metonym for battle, and "bring a sword against you" is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause your enemies to come fight against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause your enemies to come fight against you" # a sword against you -The word "you" refers to the nation of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The word "you" refers to the nation of Egypt. # I will cut off both men and animals from you -Here "cut off" is a metaphor for destroying. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "cut off" is a metaphor for destroying. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/09.md b/ezk/29/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/29/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/29/10.md b/ezk/29/10.md index d859f59dcd..b8101f88b0 100644 --- a/ezk/29/10.md +++ b/ezk/29/10.md @@ -4,25 +4,24 @@ The word "you" refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a mon # I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste -"I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste." Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste" # you will become a wasteland -Here "you" refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. Alternate translation: "your country will become a wasteland" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"your country will become a wasteland". This refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. # from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush -This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south" # Migdol -This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt. # Syene -This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan. # the borders of Cush -These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/11.md b/ezk/29/11.md index 7f6643c8cd..2107e215f3 100644 --- a/ezk/29/11.md +++ b/ezk/29/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. - # No man's foot will pass through it -Here "man's foot" represents people. Alternate translation: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"No man will walk through the land of Egypt" # no wild animal's foot will pass through it -Here "animal's foot" represents animals. Alternate translation: "not even a wild animal will walk through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"not even a wild animal will walk through it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/12.md b/ezk/29/12.md index a9be8a271f..a0a469788f 100644 --- a/ezk/29/12.md +++ b/ezk/29/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation -The abstract noun "desolation" can be expressed with the adjective "desolate." Alternate translation: "For I will make the land of Egypt desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"For I will make the land of Egypt desolate" # I will scatter Egypt among the nations -Here "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt, and "scatter" represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: "I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations" or "I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations" or "I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/13.md b/ezk/29/13.md index 2c805bf5cc..b70b5f6542 100644 --- a/ezk/29/13.md +++ b/ezk/29/13.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. # I will gather Egypt -Here "Egypt" is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and "gather" is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: "I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt" # among whom they were scattered -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "among whom I scattered them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"among whom I scattered them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/14.md b/ezk/29/14.md index a72d2e3256..40de8fc02f 100644 --- a/ezk/29/14.md +++ b/ezk/29/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will reverse the captivity of Egypt -The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. The word "Egypt" here is a metonym for the people of Egypt. Translate "will reverse the captivity" as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). Alternate translation: "free the Egyptians from their captivity" or "free the people of Egyptians from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"free the Egyptians from their captivity" or "free the people of Egyptians from those who had captured them". Translate "will reverse the captivity" as in Ezekiel 16:53. # the region of Pathros -the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt. # a lowly kingdom -Here "lowly" represents unimportant. Alternate translation: "an unimportant kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"an unimportant kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/15.md b/ezk/29/15.md index 111d9a4ec9..b67a6831fa 100644 --- a/ezk/29/15.md +++ b/ezk/29/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Pharaoh. - # the lowliest of the kingdoms -Here "lowliest" represents least important. Alternate translation: "the least important of the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the least important of the kingdoms" # it will not be lifted up any more among the nations -Here "be lifted up" represents becoming important. Alternate translation: "it will not become important again among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"it will not become important again among the nations" # I will diminish them -"I will make them small." Here "diminish them" represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will make them small." Here "diminish them" represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/16.md b/ezk/29/16.md index ad5fa4ee02..1570ea01bc 100644 --- a/ezk/29/16.md +++ b/ezk/29/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # Egypt will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel -The abstract noun "confidence" can be translated with the verbs "trust" or "rely on." Alternate translation: "The house of Israel will no longer trust in Egypt" or "The house of Israel will no longer rely on Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"The house of Israel will no longer trust in Egypt" or "The house of Israel will no longer rely on Egypt" # Egypt -Here "Egypt" represents the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: "The people of Egypt" or "The Egyptians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Egypt" or "The Egyptians" # the house of Israel -Here "house" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" # it will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed -How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns "reminder" and "iniquity" can be expressed with the verbs "remember" and "sin." Alternate translation: "when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned" # when they turned to Egypt for help -Here "turn ... for help" is a metonym for "ask ... for help." Alternate translation: "whenever they asked Egypt to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"whenever they asked Egypt to help them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/17.md b/ezk/29/17.md index 2158b10640..a82f998012 100644 --- a/ezk/29/17.md +++ b/ezk/29/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # it came about -This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks an important event in the story. # in the twenty-seventh year -This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. Alternate translation: "in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin". This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. # on the first of the first month -"on the first day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on the first day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/18.md b/ezk/29/18.md index 2189f22faa..fcf9786211 100644 --- a/ezk/29/18.md +++ b/ezk/29/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# Son of man - -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" - # to do hard work against Tyre -The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "to work hard at attacking Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"to work hard at attacking Tyre" # Every head ... every shoulder @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the # every shoulder was made raw -Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. Alternate translation: "every shoulder was rubbed raw" or "every shoulder was rubbed bare" +"every shoulder was rubbed raw" or "every shoulder was rubbed bare". Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. # he and his army received no payment from Tyre -Here "payment" represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: "he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/19.md b/ezk/29/19.md index fb117765c2..2a500a6189 100644 --- a/ezk/29/19.md +++ b/ezk/29/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Behold! -"Look!" or "Listen!" This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Pay attention to what I am about to tell you". "Listen!" This adds emphasis to what is said next. # I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon -Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt" # that will be his army's wages -God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar's army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: "his army will receive those things as if they were payment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"his army will receive those things as if they were payment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/20.md b/ezk/29/20.md index 98d6da6d45..2dacc7a728 100644 --- a/ezk/29/20.md +++ b/ezk/29/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/21.md b/ezk/29/21.md index 205057436f..ff587292b4 100644 --- a/ezk/29/21.md +++ b/ezk/29/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel -An animal horn represents the animal's strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. Alternate translation: "I will make the people of Israel strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" or "the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will make the people of Israel strong" # speak in their midst -"speak to them" - +"speak to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/29/intro.md b/ezk/29/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb2627fc89..0000000000 --- a/ezk/29/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 29 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 29:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/30/01.md b/ezk/30/01.md index 9e4ca312cb..520aa0ba12 100644 --- a/ezk/30/01.md +++ b/ezk/30/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. +Ezekiel tells about a message that Yahweh gave him. The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/02.md b/ezk/30/02.md index 4d781c093a..8360329283 100644 --- a/ezk/30/02.md +++ b/ezk/30/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # Wail @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ cry out with grief # Woe is the coming day -This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. Alternate translation: "Oh that day" or "Oh, what a frightening day is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) - +"Oh that day" or "Oh, what a frightening day is coming" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/03.md b/ezk/30/03.md index 492bd98c90..36dc89922e 100644 --- a/ezk/30/03.md +++ b/ezk/30/03.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # The day is near for Yahweh -It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you" # a day of clouds -Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: "It will be like a day with dark clouds" or "It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds" # a time of doom for nations -The abstract noun "doom" can be translated with the phrase "terrible things will happen." Alternate translation: "a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"a time when terrible things will happen to the nations" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/04.md b/ezk/30/04.md index 14420d6582..030fff4eb6 100644 --- a/ezk/30/04.md +++ b/ezk/30/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. - # Then a sword will come against Egypt -The word "sword" here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: "There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"There will be war against Egypt" or "An enemy army will attack Egypt". These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. # there will be anguish in Cush -The abstract noun "anguish" can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: "the people of Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"the people of Cush will be very sad" or "the people of Cush will suffer" # when they take her wealth @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ The abstract noun "anguish" can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. Al # when her foundations are ruined -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/05.md b/ezk/30/05.md index 98e9898d7f..bb8faf520b 100644 --- a/ezk/30/05.md +++ b/ezk/30/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya -These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: "The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia" # Libya -Libya is a country west of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Libya is a country west of Egypt. # Lydia @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ This probably refers to the kingdom of Lydia which was in what is now Turkey. # will all fall by the sword -Here the sword represents battle. Alternate translation: "will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will all die in battle" or "will all die in the war" # will all fall by the sword -The word "all" here is a generalization. It means that many people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +This means that many people will die. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/06.md b/ezk/30/06.md index 14f6eb0eec..4189f5695a 100644 --- a/ezk/30/06.md +++ b/ezk/30/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Yahweh says this -"This is what Yahweh says." This sentence introduces what the Lord would say. +"This is what Yahweh says." This introduces what the Lord would say. # So the ones @@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ # the pride of her strength will go down -This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" # From Migdol to Syene -Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: "In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"In all of Egypt" or "From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt". Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/07.md b/ezk/30/07.md index f3a2f0bf0d..fa0c66d4be 100644 --- a/ezk/30/07.md +++ b/ezk/30/07.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # their cities will be among all the ruined cities -Being "among" the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: "their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/08.md b/ezk/30/08.md index f8ba6594cc..58647418f2 100644 --- a/ezk/30/08.md +++ b/ezk/30/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. - # Then they -Possible meanings are 1) "Then people" or 2) "Then the Egyptians." +"Then people" or "Then the Egyptians". These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. # they will know that I am Yahweh -Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. # when I set fire in Egypt -Here "set fire in Egypt" represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: "when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire" # all of her helpers are destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I destroy all of the allies of Egypt" or "when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/09.md b/ezk/30/09.md index 77bbb04996..f33ec244a0 100644 --- a/ezk/30/09.md +++ b/ezk/30/09.md @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ Messengers will bring the news of Egypt's destruction to Cush, who will be frigh # there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt's doom -The abstract noun "anguish" and "doom" can be translated with the words "suffer" and "punish." Alternate translation: "the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt" # behold! -The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as "indeed!" +"indeed!" This adds emphasis to what follows. # It is coming -"It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. - +"It" refers to the "great pain" or "great sorrow" that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/10.md b/ezk/30/10.md index ad9dc2fab4..e158ba56f4 100644 --- a/ezk/30/10.md +++ b/ezk/30/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The Lord Yahweh says this -The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +This refers to what follows. See Ezekiel 5:5. # I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel # by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar -Here "the hand" represents Nebuchadnezzar's military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about. - +This represents Nebuchadnezzar's military power and he will be the one who brings this punishment about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/11.md b/ezk/30/11.md index 4359e44fc2..0d15c059f2 100644 --- a/ezk/30/11.md +++ b/ezk/30/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # He and his army with him ... will be brought to destroy the land -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army ... to destroy the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army ... to destroy the land" # He and his army ... will be brought to destroy the land -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will cause him and his army ... to go destroy the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will cause him and his army ... to go destroy the land of Egypt" # He and his army with him, the terror of nations -Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar "the terror of the nations" because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations" # they will draw out their swords against Egypt -Here "draw out their swords" represents fighting with their swords. Alternate translation: "they will use their swords and fight against Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will use their swords and fight against Egypt" # fill the land with those who have been killed -This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: "kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/12.md b/ezk/30/12.md index deb9907835..ef4523f3a3 100644 --- a/ezk/30/12.md +++ b/ezk/30/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. - # I will make the rivers into dry ground -"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt" +"I will dry up the rivers of Egypt". These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. # I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men -Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: "I will give control of the land to wicked men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will give control of the land to wicked men" # its fullness -"everything in the land" - +"everything in the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/13.md b/ezk/30/13.md index d3591a2acb..0ef31e37e6 100644 --- a/ezk/30/13.md +++ b/ezk/30/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The Lord Yahweh says this -The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +This refers to what follows. See Ezekiel 5:5. # I will bring an end to the worthless idols @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The word "this" refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel # Memphis -Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. # a prince in the land of Egypt @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. It was near modern-day Cairo. (See: # I will put fear on the land of Egypt -Here "put fear on the land" represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. Alternate translation: "I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will make the people of Egypt very afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/14.md b/ezk/30/14.md index 6f5c33543d..bd79a33104 100644 --- a/ezk/30/14.md +++ b/ezk/30/14.md @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ Zoan was another important city in Egypt. # I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes -The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. Alternate translation: "I will punish Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will punish Thebes" # Thebes -This was the capital city of southern Egypt. - +This was the capital city of southern Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/15.md b/ezk/30/15.md index c80a8d1cdc..88a183aabb 100644 --- a/ezk/30/15.md +++ b/ezk/30/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. - # For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium -Here "pour out my fury" represents punishing the people because of his great anger. Alternate translation: "For I will act in great anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"For I will act in great anger against Pelusium" or "Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely" # Pelusium -Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt. # cut off the multitude of Thebes -Here "cut off" represents killing the people. Alternate translation: "kill the very large number of people in Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"kill the very large number of people in Thebes" # Thebes -This was the capital city of southern Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:14](../03/14.md). - +This was the capital city of southern Egypt. See Ezekiel 3:14. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/16.md b/ezk/30/16.md index ae38b66af7..2b2696eaf1 100644 --- a/ezk/30/16.md +++ b/ezk/30/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # Then I will set fire in Egypt -Here "set fire" is an idiom meaning "start a fire." Alternate translation: "I will start a fire in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will start a fire in Egypt" # Pelusium will be in great agony -Here "Pelusium" is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and "be in great agony" can be translated with the verb "suffer." Alternate translation: "The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly" or "The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly" or "The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain" # Thebes will be broken up -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes" or "enemies will destroy the Thebes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes" or "enemies will destroy Thebes" # Memphis will face enemies every day -Here "face enemies" represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "The people of Memphis will have enemies every day" or "Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Memphis - -Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 30:13](../30/13.md). - +"The people of Memphis will have enemies every day" or "Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/17.md b/ezk/30/17.md index c12b6497eb..22e43d727a 100644 --- a/ezk/30/17.md +++ b/ezk/30/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words about Egypt. - # Heliopolis and Bubastis -These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These were cities in northern Egypt. # will fall by the sword -The word "sword" is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: "will die in battle" or "will die in the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will die in battle" or "will die in the war" # their cities will go into captivity -Here "cities" represents the people of the cities. The abstract noun "captivity" can be expressed with the more concrete noun "captive" or the verb "capture" Alternate translation: "the people of their cities will become captives" or "their enemies will capture their people and take them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of their cities will become captives" or "their enemies will capture their people and take them away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/18.md b/ezk/30/18.md index 05132ccb32..e300e760eb 100644 --- a/ezk/30/18.md +++ b/ezk/30/18.md @@ -4,21 +4,20 @@ This was an important city in northern Egypt. # the day will become dark -The people of Egypt losing everything they value is spoken of as being a frightening miracle like a day with no light. Alternate translation: "the day will be dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the day will be dark" # when I break the yoke of Egypt there -The word "yoke" here refers to Egypt's power to oppress people. Alternate translation: "when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"when I stop Egypt from oppressing people" or "when I end Egypt's power to cruelly control other nations" # the pride of her strength will be finished -This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: "Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong" or "Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of" # There will be a cloud covering her -Possible meanings are 1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: "It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt" or 2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: "A cloud of dust will be over Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt" or "A cloud of dust will be over Egypt" # her daughters -Possible meanings are 1) the people of the Egyptian towns or 2) the daughters of the Egyptian people - +Possible meanings are: the people of the Egyptian towns or the daughters of the Egyptian people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/19.md b/ezk/30/19.md index ccab89c0df..1c1362847f 100644 --- a/ezk/30/19.md +++ b/ezk/30/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt -The phrase "acts of judgment" refers to punishment. Alternate translation: "I will punish Egypt in many ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will punish Egypt in many ways" # so they -"so the Egyptians" - +"so the Egyptians" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/20.md b/ezk/30/20.md index f0a6a7a392..a396853a48 100644 --- a/ezk/30/20.md +++ b/ezk/30/20.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -God speaks of making Pharaoh's army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh's arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh's arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +God speaks as if he were to break Pharaoh's arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh's arm could not be healed. # Then it came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent]]) +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. # in the eleventh year -This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). +This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See Ezekiel 26:1. # in the first month, in the seventh day of the month -"in the seventh day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"in the seventh day of the first month." This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. "Yahweh spoke this message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/21.md b/ezk/30/21.md index 58cc2c755b..ca92fd3c95 100644 --- a/ezk/30/21.md +++ b/ezk/30/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # I have broken the arm of Pharaoh -Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. # Behold @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ Here "arm" represents the powerful army of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/fi # It has not been bound up for healing or set -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one has bound up his arm so it will heal or set it" or "No one has wrapped up his arm for healing or set it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"No one has wrapped up his arm for healing or set it" # set with a splint -This phrase refers to the arm being bound tightly to a straight piece of wood so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal. - +This refers to the arm being bound tightly to a straight piece of wood so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/22.md b/ezk/30/22.md index 8675e07070..dc800a636a 100644 --- a/ezk/30/22.md +++ b/ezk/30/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -God continues speaking of Pharaoh's army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +God continues speaking of Pharaoh's army as if it were a broken arm. He also speaks of strengthening the army of Babylon as if it were the arms of the king of Babylon. # the Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/11.md). +See Ezekiel 3:11. # both the strong one and the broken one @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/11.md). # I will make the sword fall from his hand -"I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh's hand" - +"I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh's hand" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/23.md b/ezk/30/23.md index 75acd2ae4b..c69b4a1a91 100644 --- a/ezk/30/23.md +++ b/ezk/30/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +See how you translated similar phrases in Ezekiel 12:15. # among the lands -"among the places in which people live" - +"among the places in which people live" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/24.md b/ezk/30/24.md index 455886fe4a..6fb9c8a2eb 100644 --- a/ezk/30/24.md +++ b/ezk/30/24.md @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ A groan is a noise that people make when they have a lot of pain or are dying. # with the groans of a dying man -"as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying" - +"as a man who is dying groans" or "like a man who is dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/25.md b/ezk/30/25.md index c64345b21a..8b68f345a0 100644 --- a/ezk/30/25.md +++ b/ezk/30/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king's hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +God continues speaking of the armies of Egypt and Babylon as if the armies were the arms of their kings. He also speaks of making the army of Babylon strong to attack others as if he had a sword and put it in the Babylonian king's hand. # For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon -Here "arms" are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: "I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong" # while Pharaoh's arms will fall -Here "Pharaoh's arms" is a metonym for his army, and "will fall" represents being weak. Alternate translation: "but Pharaoh's army will be unable to defeat enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"but Pharaoh's army will be unable to defeat enemies" # Then they -The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the Egyptians" or 2) "all people who hear what Yahweh has done." +"the Egyptians" or "all people who hear what Yahweh has done." # for he will attack the land of Egypt with it -"and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword" - +"and the king of Babylon will attack the land of Egypt with my sword" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/26.md b/ezk/30/26.md index 0fcf8e539d..9ac9157e5d 100644 --- a/ezk/30/26.md +++ b/ezk/30/26.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +See how you translated similar phrases in Ezekiel 12:15. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/30/intro.md b/ezk/30/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d4bf121dd3..0000000000 --- a/ezk/30/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 30 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 30:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/31/01.md b/ezk/31/01.md index 54ba5321f4..d6f991f81a 100644 --- a/ezk/31/01.md +++ b/ezk/31/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # it came about -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. The same things will now happen to Egypt. # in the eleventh year -"in year 11." This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). Alternate translation: "in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin". The eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See Ezekiel 26:1. # in the third month, on the first day of the month -"on the first day of the third month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on the first day of the third month." This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/02.md b/ezk/31/02.md index 10e0d20053..db5358deba 100644 --- a/ezk/31/02.md +++ b/ezk/31/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # In your greatness, who are you like? -"Who is as great as you are?" Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. Alternate translation: "You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/03.md b/ezk/31/03.md index cfe7d13d85..53fd9c5db4 100644 --- a/ezk/31/03.md +++ b/ezk/31/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - # Behold! -"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you". These are God's words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree. # Assyria was a cedar -In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. Alternate translation: "Assyria was like a cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) +In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. "Assyria was like a cedar". # the branches formed its treetop -"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." - +"its top was above the branches of the other trees" or "the top of the tree was in the clouds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/04.md b/ezk/31/04.md index 801a692a37..2bd7c864f5 100644 --- a/ezk/31/04.md +++ b/ezk/31/04.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field -"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field" - +"and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/05.md b/ezk/31/05.md index d5cb4b65ec..28e770578e 100644 --- a/ezk/31/05.md +++ b/ezk/31/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field "The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field" @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. # because of many waters as they grew -"because it had a lot of water" - +"because it had a lot of water" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/06.md b/ezk/31/06.md index b1bb818a70..ace7d9e08c 100644 --- a/ezk/31/06.md +++ b/ezk/31/06.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # All of the many nations lived under its shade -"All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree." Here "nations" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/07.md b/ezk/31/07.md index 67083a35c0..224679bdc7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/07.md +++ b/ezk/31/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches -"It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long" - +"It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/08.md b/ezk/31/08.md index 99c4e65bff..79c6d8c354 100644 --- a/ezk/31/08.md +++ b/ezk/31/08.md @@ -1,32 +1,27 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it -Since these were God's words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: "The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree" # the garden of God -This is another way of referring to "the garden of Eden." +"the garden of Eden" # None among the cypress trees matched its branches -Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: "None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar" # cypress trees -Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated "cypress" in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/05.md). +Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated "cypress" in Ezekiel 27:5. # the plane tree could not equal its boughs -It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate translation: "the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree" or "no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree" # plane tree -A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches, similar to a sycamore tree. # was like it in its beauty -"was as beautiful as the cedar tree" - +"was as beautiful as the cedar tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/09.md b/ezk/31/09.md index a5604eccae..0416ff1066 100644 --- a/ezk/31/09.md +++ b/ezk/31/09.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # envied it -"were jealous of the cedar tree" - +"were jealous of the cedar tree". This parable ends in this verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/10.md b/ezk/31/10.md index 89a9e4bc38..f37085940d 100644 --- a/ezk/31/10.md +++ b/ezk/31/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this -Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - -# it set its treetop between its branches - -"its top was above the branches of the other trees." Some versions of the Bible translate this as "the top of the tree was in the clouds." - +"Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/11.md b/ezk/31/11.md index 3a1a5047d5..fb4a6d58ca 100644 --- a/ezk/31/11.md +++ b/ezk/31/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations -The word "hand" represents control. Alternate translation: "I put it in the power of the strongest nation" or "I gave the strongest nation power over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I gave the strongest nation power over it" # I have thrown it out -"I sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" - +"I sent the cedar away from the cedar's land because the cedar was wicked" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/12.md b/ezk/31/12.md index 38c3bfc35e..02a30ad9f3 100644 --- a/ezk/31/12.md +++ b/ezk/31/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # who were the terror of all the nations -The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." And here "nations" represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "who made the people of all the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"who made the people of all the nations afraid" # cut it off @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branche # came out from under its shade -"left the shade of the cedar" - +"left the shade of the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/13.md b/ezk/31/13.md index 512a64ec27..ffc4bdad7d 100644 --- a/ezk/31/13.md +++ b/ezk/31/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # All the birds of the sky "All the birds that fly in the sky" @@ -10,11 +6,6 @@ Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. "rested on the remains of the cedar" -# trunk - -The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree. - # every animal of the field came to its branches -"the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar" - +"the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/14.md b/ezk/31/14.md index 3934c7fea9..ce74d2acd7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/14.md +++ b/ezk/31/14.md @@ -2,17 +2,13 @@ "that no other trees that get a lot of water" -# will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees - -"will grow taller than the branches of other trees." Some Bibles translate this as "will set their tops among the clouds." - # that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height "that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again" # All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below -This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun "death" can be stated "die." Alternate translation: "For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground" # among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ This can be stated in active form. And the abstract noun "death" can be stated " # the pit -This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See Ezekiel 26:20. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/15.md b/ezk/31/15.md index 301093592e..12978c19f8 100644 --- a/ezk/31/15.md +++ b/ezk/31/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. Here, Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar. +Yahweh speaks about the great sadness caused by the tree being cut down as if even the waters, Lebanon, and the wild trees all mourned for the cedar. # On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol -The phrase "went down to Sheol" means "died." Alternate translation: "On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"On the day that the cedar died" or "On the day that the cedar was chopped down" # I brought mourning to the earth -The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I caused the earth to mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I caused the earth to mourn" # I covered the deep waters over it -The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: "I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" or "it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar" # I held back the ocean waters @@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ The word "covered" possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate # I brought mourning to Lebanon for him -The abstract noun "mourning" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/16.md b/ezk/31/16.md index a5dc86c0ab..b7f75a5387 100644 --- a/ezk/31/16.md +++ b/ezk/31/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit -Here "threw it down to Sheol" is an idiom that means to kill. "The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](../31/14.md). Alternate translation: "when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead". See Ezekiel 31:14. # in the lowest parts of the earth -"that were already deep down in the ground." This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "that had already died and are now in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"that had already died and are now in Sheol" # the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters -"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water." This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. +"the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water". This describes the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth. # the choicest -This is something that everyone would want because it is very good. - +This is something that everyone would want because it is very good. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/17.md b/ezk/31/17.md index 2943046d7e..2a057c8dd7 100644 --- a/ezk/31/17.md +++ b/ezk/31/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh's parable about the cedar continues. - # they also went down with it to Sheol -Here "went down ... to Sheol" is an idiom that means to die. Alternate translation: "those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar" # who had been killed by the sword -Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"whom enemies had killed with swords" or "who had died in battle" # These were its strong arm -"These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm." The phrase "strong arm" represents "power." Alternate translation: "These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" or "These trees strengthened the cedar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/18.md b/ezk/31/18.md index a950b6b71a..0045f5b4cb 100644 --- a/ezk/31/18.md +++ b/ezk/31/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? -"Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?" God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with "So Pharaoh" or "So Egypt." Alternate translation: "None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!" # For you will be brought down -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For I will bring you down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"For I will bring you down" # with the trees of Eden @@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For I will bring you # you will lie down with those who were killed by the sword -"Lie down" is an idiom that means "die." Alternate translation: "you will die and join those who were killed by the sword" or "you will die, like those who were killed by the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"you will die and join those who were killed by the sword" + # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/31/intro.md b/ezk/31/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index f227522245..0000000000 --- a/ezk/31/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 31 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 31:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/32/01.md b/ezk/32/01.md index 9ab6257b6a..c3f2787376 100644 --- a/ezk/32/01.md +++ b/ezk/32/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Then it happened -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as "he" and "him." However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as "she" and "her," as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. # in the twelfth month ... on the first of the month -This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. # of the twelfth year -This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: "of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin" # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/02.md b/ezk/32/02.md index 0f4c1ef06b..7beca1449b 100644 --- a/ezk/32/02.md +++ b/ezk/32/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # lift up @@ -8,17 +8,12 @@ # You are like a young lion ... like a monster in the seas -Possible meanings are 1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or 2) he was like a lion and a monster. +Possible meanings are: he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or he was like a lion and a monster. # like a young lion among the nations -Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. # like a monster in the seas -Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# monster - -A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md). - +Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See Ezekiel 29:3. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/03.md b/ezk/32/03.md index 12c2ed2d1e..12eecc6e62 100644 --- a/ezk/32/03.md +++ b/ezk/32/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to speak of him as if he were a monster, perhaps a crocodile, in the water. - # The Lord Yahweh says this -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 5:5. # So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples -God's punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: "So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/04.md b/ezk/32/04.md index 56939f5aae..23353f5891 100644 --- a/ezk/32/04.md +++ b/ezk/32/04.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you -This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/05.md b/ezk/32/05.md index d087f9a3cf..840b84250d 100644 --- a/ezk/32/05.md +++ b/ezk/32/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh and to compare him to a monster that lives in the water. - # your worm-filled corpse -The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: "your rotting body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"your rotting body" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/06.md b/ezk/32/06.md index 413123ed59..e70a8f8e6d 100644 --- a/ezk/32/06.md +++ b/ezk/32/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the stream beds will be filled with your blood -This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "I will fill the streams with your blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will fill the streams with your blood" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/07.md b/ezk/32/07.md index 440f790022..b02d22d5d9 100644 --- a/ezk/32/07.md +++ b/ezk/32/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt. - # when I extinguish you -It was common to speak of a person's life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. Alternate translation: "When I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"When I destroy you". Yahweh continues telling Pharaoh what he will do to Egypt. # I will cover the heavens -Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. Alternate translation: "I will make everything in the sky go dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will make everything in the sky go dark" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/08.md b/ezk/32/08.md index 98d6da6d45..2dacc7a728 100644 --- a/ezk/32/08.md +++ b/ezk/32/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/09.md b/ezk/32/09.md index 8b43de6056..8c566b47b6 100644 --- a/ezk/32/09.md +++ b/ezk/32/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. - # I will terrify the heart of many peoples -Here "heart" represents the people's emotions. Alternate translation: "I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid" or "I will cause many people to be terrified" # in lands that you do not know -The way that Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about. +The way Yahweh destroys Egypt will make afraid even people in lands that Pharaoh never knew about. # when I bring about your destruction among the nations -The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. Alternate translation: "when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when nations hear about the way I destroyed you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/10.md b/ezk/32/10.md index fadd37167d..abb60ffd3d 100644 --- a/ezk/32/10.md +++ b/ezk/32/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # when I swing my sword -Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. Alternate translation: "when I use my sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"when I use my sword" # Every moment each one will tremble because of you -Here "tremble" is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. Alternate translation: "Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" +"Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear" # on the day of your ruin -The idea of becoming a ruin represents dying. Alternate translation: "when I destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when I destroy you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/11.md b/ezk/32/11.md index ea2428e790..874b44814c 100644 --- a/ezk/32/11.md +++ b/ezk/32/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh. - # The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you -Here "sword" represents an army. Alternate translation: "The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The army of the king of Babylon will attack you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/12.md b/ezk/32/12.md index acd06d6fee..e165724fc5 100644 --- a/ezk/32/12.md +++ b/ezk/32/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # each warrior a terror of nations -The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrifies" or "afraid." Alternate translation: "Each warrior terrifies the nations" or "each one of them makes the nations afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Each warrior terrifies the nations" # will devastate the pride of Egypt -The abstract noun "pride" can be stated as "proud." Alternate translation: "will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud" # destroy all of its multitudes -Here "all" is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: "kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/13.md b/ezk/32/13.md index 952abd1462..4e36e2ab88 100644 --- a/ezk/32/13.md +++ b/ezk/32/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking. - # from beside the plentiful waters "in the places where there is a lot of water" # the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up -The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet" # stir the waters @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ make clear water muddy # the hooves of cattle stir them -The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: "cattle stir them with their hooves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"cattle stir them with their hooves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/14.md b/ezk/32/14.md index a444558c64..b535ae64e7 100644 --- a/ezk/32/14.md +++ b/ezk/32/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Then I will calm their waters -Possible meanings are 1) "I will make the water calm" or 2) "I will make the water clear." When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. - +"I will make the water calm" or "I will make the water clear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/15.md b/ezk/32/15.md index 843cd5440e..e76c465e48 100644 --- a/ezk/32/15.md +++ b/ezk/32/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking. - # When I make the land of Egypt a desolation -This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living" # when the land is made desolate of all its fullness @@ -12,13 +8,12 @@ This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "When I make the land o # when I attack all the inhabitants in her -Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: "when I destroy all who live in her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"when I destroy all who live in her" # in her -It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: "in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"in it". It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/16.md b/ezk/32/16.md index f0fed69b72..747d48833e 100644 --- a/ezk/32/16.md +++ b/ezk/32/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # over her -It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: "over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"over it" # the daughters of the nations -Possible meanings are 1) "the women of other nations" or 2) "people of other nations" +"the women of other nations" or "people of other nations" # over Egypt, over all her multitudes -"about Egypt, about all her multitudes" or "about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes" - +"about Egypt, about all her multitudes" or "about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/17.md b/ezk/32/17.md index 8cef0f3419..cedb0c9988 100644 --- a/ezk/32/17.md +++ b/ezk/32/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Then it happened -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This marks the beginning of a new message. # in the twelfth year -Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are: this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/18.md b/ezk/32/18.md index 4dbda596ad..661d4c93da 100644 --- a/ezk/32/18.md +++ b/ezk/32/18.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command. -# her - -Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman. - # the daughters of majestic nations -Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations" or 2) "other powerful nations." +"the people of powerful nations" or "other powerful nations" # the lowest earth -"to the places under the ground." When people died, they were put in the ground. So "bring them down ... to the lowest earth" means "make them die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"make them die" # with those who have gone down to the pit @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "the people of powerful nations" or 2) "other powerful # the pit -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See Ezekiel 31:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/19.md b/ezk/32/19.md index 1ae0cb4238..32889cc8dc 100644 --- a/ezk/32/19.md +++ b/ezk/32/19.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. He speaks of the people of Egypt as if they were a woman. # Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. -This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: "Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'" # Go down -It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: "Go down to Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Go down to Sheol" # lie down -as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here. +as in death # Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? -This question really makes a statement. Alternate translation: "You are not more beautiful than anyone else." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"You are not more beautiful than anyone else." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/20.md b/ezk/32/20.md index 146ff7767e..f5711053fd 100644 --- a/ezk/32/20.md +++ b/ezk/32/20.md @@ -4,17 +4,16 @@ # who were killed by the sword -The word "sword" is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "whom enemy soldiers killed with swords" or "who died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"whom enemy soldiers killed with swords" or "who died in battle" # The sword has been drawn! -The word "sword" here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "War has begun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"War has begun" # She has been given to the sword -This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "I have given Egypt to the sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have given Egypt to the sword" # they will seize her and her multitudes -"her enemies will seize Egypt and her people" - +"her enemies will seize Egypt and her people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/21.md b/ezk/32/21.md index afd0c237a7..175b00fa9a 100644 --- a/ezk/32/21.md +++ b/ezk/32/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # about Egypt and her allies -"about the Egyptians and those who join them" - +"about the Egyptians and those who join them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/22.md b/ezk/32/22.md index 0dcfc9103f..9d70eda5e4 100644 --- a/ezk/32/22.md +++ b/ezk/32/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these verses and the following verses. +Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. Because what God is showing Ezekiel may be for future time, either the present tense or the future tense is suitable for these and following verses. # Assyria is there with all her assembly -The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: "The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol" # her assembly @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: "The peopl # all of them were killed by the sword -The word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "Soldiers used swords to kill them all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Soldiers used swords to kill them all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/23.md b/ezk/32/23.md index ed18fe4842..83e27edf69 100644 --- a/ezk/32/23.md +++ b/ezk/32/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # are set in the recesses of the pit -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](../32/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The pit" refers to the grave; which was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead and also represents that world. See Ezekiel 32:18. # all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword -This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "all those whom enemies killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"all those whom enemies killed in battle" # fell by the sword -The word "fell" here is a euphemism for "died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"died" # those who brought terror on the land of the living -The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." Alternate translation: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" # the land of the living -This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +This represents the people who were alive. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/24.md b/ezk/32/24.md index 2e96960c7c..cc85bedacc 100644 --- a/ezk/32/24.md +++ b/ezk/32/24.md @@ -1,30 +1,18 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. - # Elam is there -Here "Elam" refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: "The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Elam are also there in Sheol" # her multitudes -Possible meanings are 1) her many people or 2) her army. - -# Her graves surround her - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md). +Possible meanings are: her many people or her army. # all of them were killed -Here "them" refers to the people of Elam. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "enemies killed all the people of Elam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# those who fell by the sword - -Translate "who fell by the sword" as in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). +"enemies killed all the people of Elam" # by the sword -Here "the sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"in battle" # who have gone down uncircumcised @@ -32,21 +20,8 @@ Here "the sword" is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Altern # to the lowest parts of the earth -"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See how you translated "in the lowest realms of the earth" in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). - -# who brought their terrors - -The abstract noun "terrors" can be stated as "afraid." See how you translated "brought terror" in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: "those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# the land of the living - -This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated "the land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"to places deep down in the ground" or "to the land deep down in the ground." See Ezekiel 26:20. # who carry their own shame -Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. Alternate translation: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the pit - -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/25.md b/ezk/32/25.md index 27844fbc98..e29f1e2fd3 100644 --- a/ezk/32/25.md +++ b/ezk/32/25.md @@ -1,26 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: -Ezekiel continues to speak about Elam. - # they have made a bed for her -Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. Alternate translation: "they have prepared a place for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they have prepared a place for her" # All of them are uncircumcised -The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised. # pierced by the sword, because -The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "their enemies have killed them with swords because" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"their enemies have killed them with swords because" # they had brought their terrors on the land of the living -The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "afraid." The phrase "the land of the living" represents people who were alive. Alternate translation: "they had caused those who are in the land of the living to be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# So they carry their shame with those who go down to the pit -Here "shame" is spoken about as if it were an object that a person carries. Alternate translation: "So they are ashamed as they go with others down to the pit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the pit - -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"they had caused those who are in the land of the living to be extremely afraid" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/26.md b/ezk/32/26.md index 10d38ad210..ef2f7ff81e 100644 --- a/ezk/32/26.md +++ b/ezk/32/26.md @@ -4,21 +4,12 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. # Meshech ... Tubal -See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 27:13](../27/13.md). - -# Their graves surround them - -See how you translated "her graves surround her" in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md). +See how you translated these names in Ezekiel 27:13. # killed by the sword -Here "the sword" represents warfare. Alternate translation: "killed in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"killed in battle" # they had brought their terrors on the land of the living -Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun "terrors" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "they terrified everyone in the land of the living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# All of them ... land of the living - -See how you translated "All of them ... land of the living" in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). - +"they terrified everyone in the land of the living" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/27.md b/ezk/32/27.md index c1f86e00e8..ed07501750 100644 --- a/ezk/32/27.md +++ b/ezk/32/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # their iniquities over their bones -The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. # they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The warriors' iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that thei # in the land of the living -The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: "while they were alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"while they were alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/28.md b/ezk/32/28.md index 58ad6008d2..acafb12651 100644 --- a/ezk/32/28.md +++ b/ezk/32/28.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking. - # you ... will be broken -"Broken" here represents "destroyed." This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy you" # in the midst of @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh continues speaking. # those who were pierced -The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: "those whose enemies have killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"those whose enemies have killed them" # by the sword -This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/29.md b/ezk/32/29.md index 77d33d3883..1b1c924d6e 100644 --- a/ezk/32/29.md +++ b/ezk/32/29.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders -Here "Edom" represents all the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# the pit - -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/30.md b/ezk/32/30.md index 92b20ec423..ef6bb4cff7 100644 --- a/ezk/32/30.md +++ b/ezk/32/30.md @@ -10,23 +10,10 @@ "went down to Sheol" -# had been pierced - -The word "pierced" here is a metonym for "killed." This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: "whom enemies had killed with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # now they lie down there in shame -"Lie down" is an idiom that means "die." Alternate translation: "now they lie dead there in shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"now they lie dead there in shame" # by the sword -This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: "in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# They carry their own shame - -Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: "who feel ashamed" or "who are now disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the pit - -"The pit" refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](../32/29.md). - +"in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/31.md b/ezk/32/31.md index ab957f89b3..a8d2a6a68f 100644 --- a/ezk/32/31.md +++ b/ezk/32/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Pharaoh will look -It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate translation: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations" # be comforted about all his multitudes -It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate translation: "will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/32.md b/ezk/32/32.md index 8394cd531e..814fa2d99b 100644 --- a/ezk/32/32.md +++ b/ezk/32/32.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised -This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/32/intro.md b/ezk/32/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index be3d106fce..0000000000 --- a/ezk/32/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 32 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as "he" and "him." However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as "she" and "her," as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 32:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/33/01.md b/ezk/33/01.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/33/01.md +++ b/ezk/33/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/02.md b/ezk/33/02.md index 40496276de..d1303c032d 100644 --- a/ezk/33/02.md +++ b/ezk/33/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # a sword against any land -The word "sword" refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, "land" refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "an army to attack the people of any land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"an army to attack the people of any land" # make him a watchman -"appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard" - +"appoint him as a guard" or "make him guard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/03.md b/ezk/33/03.md index 0512475317..dbb9484d53 100644 --- a/ezk/33/03.md +++ b/ezk/33/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # He looks for the sword -Here "sword" represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: "He looks for an enemy army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"He looks for an enemy army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/04.md b/ezk/33/04.md index 3cb307ce94..6275cdd171 100644 --- a/ezk/33/04.md +++ b/ezk/33/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # each one's blood is on his own head -Here "blood" represents death. The phrase "on his own head" is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: "it is their own fault if they die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"it is their own fault if they die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/05.md b/ezk/33/05.md index bec389fa79..882c60d79e 100644 --- a/ezk/33/05.md +++ b/ezk/33/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. - # his blood is on him -Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "on him" is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: "it will be his own fault that he dies" +"it will be his own fault that he dies". Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. # save his own life -"will keep himself from dying" - +"will keep himself from dying" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/06.md b/ezk/33/06.md index cdfc1c1d6e..d06a6bcc12 100644 --- a/ezk/33/06.md +++ b/ezk/33/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # the sword as it is coming -The word "sword" refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the enemy army as it is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the enemy army as it is coming" # with the result that the people are not warned -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and he does not warn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and he does not warn the people" # the sword comes and takes anyone's life -Here "sword" represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the enemy army comes and kills anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the enemy army comes and kills anyone" # that person dies in his own iniquity @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ Here "sword" represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: "the enemy army co # I will require his blood from the watchman -Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "I will require his blood from" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: "I will consider that person's death to be the fault of the watchman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I will consider that person's death to be the fault of the watchman" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/07.md b/ezk/33/07.md index 5c73426a8d..8a84f4ce5b 100644 --- a/ezk/33/07.md +++ b/ezk/33/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - # the house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Israel" # you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf -Here "mouth" represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: "you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf" # warn them on my behalf -"warn them as my representative" or "give them the warning from me" - +"give them the warning from me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/08.md b/ezk/33/08.md index 7fee86dc13..45f1eb4735 100644 --- a/ezk/33/08.md +++ b/ezk/33/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # about his way -"the way he acts" or "the things he does." See how you translated "your ways" in [Ezekiel 7:3](../07/03.md). +"the way he acts" or "the things he does." See Ezekiel 7:3. # I will require his blood from your hand -Here "blood" represents a person's death. The phrase "require ... from your hand" is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: "I will consider you responsible for his death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I will consider you responsible for his death" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/09.md b/ezk/33/09.md index 68008e83c2..2d63bc1125 100644 --- a/ezk/33/09.md +++ b/ezk/33/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way -A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: "he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things" # will have saved your own life -"will have kept yourself alive" - +"will have kept yourself alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/10.md b/ezk/33/10.md index fd6d02bfd0..97666e55d3 100644 --- a/ezk/33/10.md +++ b/ezk/33/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. - -# the house of Israel - -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # You are saying this "This is what you have said" # Our transgressions and our sins are on us -Possible meanings are 1) "on us" is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or 2) "on us" is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are: they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. # we are rotting away in them -"we are rotting away because of them." Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person's flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: "they are destroying us" or "they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they are destroying us" or "they are killing us" # in them @@ -24,5 +16,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "on us" is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for t # How can we live? -The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: "We have no hope of living." or "We will certainly die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"We have no hope of living." or "We will certainly die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/11.md b/ezk/33/11.md index c38a00447d..58fbdc5d65 100644 --- a/ezk/33/11.md +++ b/ezk/33/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I do not delight in the death of the wicked -The abstract noun "death" can be stated as "die." And the nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "wicked people." Alternate translation: "It does not make me happy when wicked people die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"It does not make me happy when wicked people die". God does not want sinners to die but to repent and live. # if the wicked repents from his way -Here "way" represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: "if the wicked person stops doing bad things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"if the wicked person stops doing bad things" # For why should you die, house of Israel? -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: "Do not choose to die, house of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Do not choose to die, house of Israel!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/12.md b/ezk/33/12.md index 901c7a0b98..298807892c 100644 --- a/ezk/33/12.md +++ b/ezk/33/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. - # The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! -The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." It is implied that they will not be saved from God's punishment. Alternate translation: "If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them" # The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish -The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked." Alternate translation: "A person who does what is wicked will not perish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"A person who does what is wicked will not perish" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/13.md b/ezk/33/13.md index d83a23e1cc..9b82a8cfb3 100644 --- a/ezk/33/13.md +++ b/ezk/33/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # if he trusts in his righteousness -The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as the adjective "right." Alternate translation: "if he depends on the right things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"if he depends on the right things he has done" # commits injustice @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, eve # I will not call to mind -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I will not think about" or "I will not recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will not think about" or "I will not recall" # for the wickedness he committed -The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as the adjective "wicked" Alternate translation: "because of the wicked things he has done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"because of the wicked things he has done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/14.md b/ezk/33/14.md index 9d4cb5379d..524d16b88a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/14.md +++ b/ezk/33/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. - # to the wicked -The nominal adjective "the wicked" can be stated as "the wicked person." Alternate translation: "to the wicked person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) - +"to the wicked person" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/15.md b/ezk/33/15.md index d96b2c6d36..d0d146aa09 100644 --- a/ezk/33/15.md +++ b/ezk/33/15.md @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ something a person leaves with another person to show that he will keep his prom # walks in the statutes that give life -Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: "lives according to the laws that give life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"lives according to the laws that give life" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/16.md b/ezk/33/16.md index e9d1c1ca32..782404a176 100644 --- a/ezk/33/16.md +++ b/ezk/33/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # will be called to mind for him -The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase "will be called" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "will I think about" or "will I recall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"will I think about" or "will I recall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/17.md b/ezk/33/17.md index f5d6e81dce..db30f084d1 100644 --- a/ezk/33/17.md +++ b/ezk/33/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. - # your people These are the people of Israel. The word "your" refers to Ezekiel. # The way of the Lord ... your ways that are not fair -Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: "What the Lord does ... the things you do that are not fair" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"What the Lord does ... the things you do that are not fair" # but it is your ways -The word "your" refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: "but it is their ways" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"but it is their ways" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/18.md b/ezk/33/18.md index 614be3cda7..e99a5b043a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/18.md +++ b/ezk/33/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # turns away from his righteousness -No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: "stops doing what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"stops doing what is right" # die in it -"die because of his sins" - +"die because of his sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/19.md b/ezk/33/19.md index 6801366ee7..e9a8912162 100644 --- a/ezk/33/19.md +++ b/ezk/33/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # turns away from his wickedness -No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: "stops doing wicked things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"stops doing wicked things" # because of those things -"because he does what is just and righteous" - +"because he does what is just and righteous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/20.md b/ezk/33/20.md index 93484d0d40..9e16b7edec 100644 --- a/ezk/33/20.md +++ b/ezk/33/20.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ These are the people of Israel. # house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/21.md b/ezk/33/21.md index 1c241fbfe2..57b376c0e1 100644 --- a/ezk/33/21.md +++ b/ezk/33/21.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # It happened -This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. # the twelfth year ... fifth day ... tenth month -"year 12 ... day 5 ... month 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"year 12 ... day 5 ... month 10" # on the fifth day of the tenth month -This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. # of our captivity -Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon". This refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. # a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since t # The city has been captured -The phrase "the city" refers to "Jerusalem." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/22.md b/ezk/33/22.md index f8fcd4ad34..a7679237e0 100644 --- a/ezk/33/22.md +++ b/ezk/33/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # The hand of Yahweh had been on me -The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh was controlling me". See Ezekiel 1:3. # my mouth was opened -This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in [Ezekiel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: "I was able to speak" or "Yahweh enabled me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh enabled me to speak". See how you translated "I will open your mouth" in Ezekiel 3:27. # dawn -The word "dawn" refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. +The time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. # I was no longer mute -"I was no longer forced to be silent" or "I was no longer unable to speak" Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md). - +"I was no longer forced to be silent" or "I was no longer unable to speak". Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since Ezekiel 3:26. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/23.md b/ezk/33/23.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/33/23.md +++ b/ezk/33/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/24.md b/ezk/33/24.md index 0e346bb525..5bcc8f9712 100644 --- a/ezk/33/24.md +++ b/ezk/33/24.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # those ruins -Possible meanings are 1) "those ruined buildings" or 2) "those ruined cities" +"those ruined buildings" or "those ruined cities" # he inherited the land -Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave him the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yahweh gave him the land" # the land @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. # The land has been given to us -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has given us the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh has given us the land" # as a possession -The abstract noun "possession" can be stated as "possess." Alternate translation: "so that we can possess it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"so that we can possess it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/25.md b/ezk/33/25.md index ccf002444e..8949aed13c 100644 --- a/ezk/33/25.md +++ b/ezk/33/25.md @@ -4,17 +4,16 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the rui # You eat blood -It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate translation: "You eat meat with blood in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You eat meat with blood in it". Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. # you lift up your eyes towards your idols -"you look to your idols" This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "you worship your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"you worship your idols" # you pour out people's blood -Here "blood" represents a person's life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: "you murder people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"you murder people" # Should you really possess the land? -Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You should not possess this land!" or "You do not deserve this land!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"You should not possess this land!" or "You do not deserve this land!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/26.md b/ezk/33/26.md index 196476f5f5..df9a669ad1 100644 --- a/ezk/33/26.md +++ b/ezk/33/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # You have depended on your swords -Here "swords" represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: "You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want" # done abominations @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Here "swords" represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: "You have c # each man defiles his neighbor's wife -It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: "each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/27.md b/ezk/33/27.md index 9ec4c30815..664aaeeab3 100644 --- a/ezk/33/27.md +++ b/ezk/33/27.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people who were living in the ruins of Israel. - # As I live -"As surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I solemnly swear". Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See Ezekiel 5:11. # the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword -The phrase "fall by the sword" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins" # those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies wh # caves -Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. - +Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/28.md b/ezk/33/28.md index 11818cde05..ce09fb2dc7 100644 --- a/ezk/33/28.md +++ b/ezk/33/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the pride of its might will end -The word "it" refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong" # the mountains of Israel will be deserted -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will live in the mountains of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"no one will live in the mountains of Israel" # there will be no one to pass through them -"there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains" - +"there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/29.md b/ezk/33/29.md index 415eabeb3c..e69b0b1226 100644 --- a/ezk/33/29.md +++ b/ezk/33/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. # all the abominations that they have done -The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things I hate." Alternate translation: "all the things they have done that I hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"all the things they have done that I hate" # they have done -"the people have done" - +"the people have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/30.md b/ezk/33/30.md index 14b09832fd..8f49e5e39a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/30.md +++ b/ezk/33/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - # that comes out from Yahweh -"that Yahweh tells him to speak" or "that Yahweh gives him" - +"that Yahweh tells him to speak" or "that Yahweh gives him". Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/31.md b/ezk/33/31.md index 259a4fa373..ffe066544e 100644 --- a/ezk/33/31.md +++ b/ezk/33/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit -Here "mouths" represent speaking. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit" or 2) Alternate translation: "They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit" or "They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit" # their hearts are going after unjust profit -Here "hearts" represents desire. Alternate translation: "in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" or "they desire to get things in ways that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/32.md b/ezk/33/32.md index a46a48e77f..fb8c679c14 100644 --- a/ezk/33/32.md +++ b/ezk/33/32.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. - # you are like a lovely song to them -Here "you" refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel's message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: "they think that your words are like a lovely song" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"they think that your words are like a lovely song". The people enjoy listening to Ezekiel, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. # a lovely song -Possible meanings are 1) "a beautiful song" or 2) "a love song" or "a song about love." +"a beautiful song" or "a love song" # that is well played on a stringed instrument -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument" # stringed instrument -something that has strings and people use to make music - +something that has strings and people use to make music \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/33.md b/ezk/33/33.md index ca085ae90a..e44b7c873a 100644 --- a/ezk/33/33.md +++ b/ezk/33/33.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # behold! -The word "behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "indeed!" +"indeed!" # that a prophet has been among them -"that I really sent you as a prophet to them" - +"that I really sent you as a prophet to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/33/intro.md b/ezk/33/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1ca636c728..0000000000 --- a/ezk/33/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 33 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Repentance - -God does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 33:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/34/01.md b/ezk/34/01.md index d7faae5520..485f5af38f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/01.md +++ b/ezk/34/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +In chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/02.md b/ezk/34/02.md index 995281d02e..9f4d35c677 100644 --- a/ezk/34/02.md +++ b/ezk/34/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # the shepherds of Israel -The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. Alternate translation: "the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds" # are shepherding themselves -The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. Alternate translation: "are feeding and taking care of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"are feeding and taking care of themselves" # Should not shepherds guard the flock? -Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. Alternate translation: "Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/03.md b/ezk/34/03.md index 0d17227a71..998f1ede3f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/03.md +++ b/ezk/34/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # You eat the fatty portions ... clothe yourselves in wool -This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. Alternate translation: "You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions ... clothe yourselves in wool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions ... clothe yourselves in wool". This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. # You eat the fatty portions -The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats" # clothe yourselves in wool @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: "Yo # do not shepherd at all -"do not feed and take care of the flock" - +"do not feed and take care of the flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/04.md b/ezk/34/04.md index 1da55a2c26..1eb8d5141f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/04.md +++ b/ezk/34/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # You do not bind up the ones who are broken "You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded" @@ -20,9 +16,8 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh con # the lost -The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the sheep or goats that are lost" # through strength and violence -"forcefully and cruelly" - +"forcefully and cruelly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/05.md b/ezk/34/05.md index a282a67fc8..37587a7749 100644 --- a/ezk/34/05.md +++ b/ezk/34/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Then they were scattered without a shepherd -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd" # they became food for all the living beasts in the fields -"all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" - +"all of the wild animals could attack and eat them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/06.md b/ezk/34/06.md index 38b897c91b..b8809d61f2 100644 --- a/ezk/34/06.md +++ b/ezk/34/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # it is dispersed over the entire surface of the earth -"my flock is spread out all over the earth" - +"my flock is spread out all over the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/07.md b/ezk/34/07.md index f071e50b3f..d19306ff27 100644 --- a/ezk/34/07.md +++ b/ezk/34/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # hear the word of Yahweh -This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "listen to Yahweh's message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"listen to Yahweh's message". This introduces a special message from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/08.md b/ezk/34/08.md index d9aa0d2787..ecf5f51785 100644 --- a/ezk/34/08.md +++ b/ezk/34/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields -This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: "because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them" # plunder @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ things that are stolen # all the beasts in the fields -Here "all" is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. Alternate translation: "all the wild animals in the fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"all the wild animals in the fields". This refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. # because there was no shepherd @@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ Here "all" is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat shee # did not shepherd my flock -"did not feed and care for my flock" - +"did not feed and care for my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/09.md b/ezk/34/09.md index 3b0ab06878..afeb35674b 100644 --- a/ezk/34/09.md +++ b/ezk/34/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # hear the word of Yahweh -"listen to Yahweh's message." This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"listen to Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/10.md b/ezk/34/10.md index b7443924c6..219254fc7e 100644 --- a/ezk/34/10.md +++ b/ezk/34/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # The Lord Yahweh says this -This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" # Behold! -The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!" +"Indeed!" # I am against the shepherds @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "In # I will require my flock from their hand -The phrase "require ... from their hand" is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. Alternate translation: "I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock" or "I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock" # I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock @@ -24,9 +24,8 @@ The phrase "require ... from their hand" is an idiom that means to hold or consi # from their mouths -Here "mouths" represent eating. Alternate translation: "so they cannot eat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"so they cannot eat them" # my flock will no longer be food for them -"the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock" - +"the shepherds will no longer eat the sheep and the goats of my flock" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/11.md b/ezk/34/11.md index b8315d74a6..45ac3c572c 100644 --- a/ezk/34/11.md +++ b/ezk/34/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were their shepherd and will take care of them. # For the Lord Yahweh says this -This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" # Behold! -The word "Behold" here alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This alerts the shepherds to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. # will seek out -"will look for" - +"will look for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/12.md b/ezk/34/12.md index 506026702c..c0150d2f2b 100644 --- a/ezk/34/12.md +++ b/ezk/34/12.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # they were scattered -It is is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them" # on the day of clouds and darkness -"on the cloudy and dark day." Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. Alternate translation: "when terrible disasters happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"on the cloudy and dark day" or "when terrible disasters happened to them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/13.md b/ezk/34/13.md index ebbb4dfbf1..0573709b38 100644 --- a/ezk/34/13.md +++ b/ezk/34/13.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # I will put them in pastures ... every settlement in the land -Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks as if he were their shepherd, putting his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water. # pastures @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ land that has grass and small plants that sheep and goats can eat # settlement -This is a place where people live. Usually they live in houses in a settlement. - +This is a place where people live, usually living in houses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/14.md b/ezk/34/14.md index 98539a1311..b21d4affe4 100644 --- a/ezk/34/14.md +++ b/ezk/34/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. Here he speaks of himself as their shepherd who will take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # their grazing places "places where they can eat" @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh con # graze -eat grass and other plants - +eat grass and other plants \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/15.md b/ezk/34/15.md index 17d49a9e68..bd9422eb98 100644 --- a/ezk/34/15.md +++ b/ezk/34/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I myself -The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "myself" adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it. # will shepherd -"will feed and take care of" - +"will feed and take care of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/16.md b/ezk/34/16.md index ff33dd474c..68c53bd082 100644 --- a/ezk/34/16.md +++ b/ezk/34/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the lost -The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: "the sheep or goats that are lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the sheep or goats that are lost" # restore the outcast @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The words "the sheep or goats" are left out of this phrase, but they are intende # the fat and the strong -The word "sheep" is understood. Alternate translation: "the fat sheep and the strong sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"the fat sheep and the strong sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/17.md b/ezk/34/17.md index 9265d90f3a..fbec615db7 100644 --- a/ezk/34/17.md +++ b/ezk/34/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. # behold, I @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel his message. Now it is to the people of Israel. # rams and male goats -The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. - +The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/18.md b/ezk/34/18.md index aa65de51ce..fcd827237e 100644 --- a/ezk/34/18.md +++ b/ezk/34/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Is it not enough ... feet -God uses these questions to scold Israel's leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +God uses these questions to scold Israel's leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/19.md b/ezk/34/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/34/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/34/20.md b/ezk/34/20.md index 295fbbdce4..4528cd6832 100644 --- a/ezk/34/20.md +++ b/ezk/34/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the Lord Yahweh says this -This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" # to them @@ -12,11 +8,11 @@ This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "this is what I, the # Behold! -The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!" +"Indeed!" # I myself -The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. # will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ The word "myself" emphasizes that it is Yahweh who will judge. (See: [[rc://en/t # the fat sheep and the thin ones -The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/21.md b/ezk/34/21.md index f47cc98382..6cd4efde62 100644 --- a/ezk/34/21.md +++ b/ezk/34/21.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The word "you" refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep # have gored -Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "have pierced" +"have stabbed" or "have pierced" # scattered them @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "have pushed" or "have shoved" 2) "have stabbed" or "ha # away from the land -"away from the land of Israel" - +"away from the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/22.md b/ezk/34/22.md index 403039d822..276c58720c 100644 --- a/ezk/34/22.md +++ b/ezk/34/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # they will no longer be plunder -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will not allow anyone to plunder them" or "I will not allow anyone to steal them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will not allow anyone to steal them" # will no longer be plunder -"will no longer be things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock. - +"will no longer be things that are stolen." The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh's flock. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/23.md b/ezk/34/23.md index ae3952d0c3..d9bce9ce0b 100644 --- a/ezk/34/23.md +++ b/ezk/34/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will set over them one shepherd -The phrase "set over" is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. Alternate translation: "I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats" # my servant David -Here "David" refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: "a descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a descendant of my servant David" # He will shepherd them -The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/24.md b/ezk/34/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/34/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/34/25.md b/ezk/34/25.md index 28b3a5abd4..5c2f99b781 100644 --- a/ezk/34/25.md +++ b/ezk/34/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # a covenant of peace "a covenant that brings peace" # the evil wild animals -These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. - +These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/26.md b/ezk/34/26.md index f6613b6e74..1ee893212f 100644 --- a/ezk/34/26.md +++ b/ezk/34/26.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill -Some versions of the Bible translate this as "I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing." +"I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing." # my hill -This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to Mount Zion. # I will send out showers @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ This refers to Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) # These will be showers of blessing -"This rain will be a blessing" - +"This rain will be a blessing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/27.md b/ezk/34/27.md index a9bee12d58..17f5adaf5b 100644 --- a/ezk/34/27.md +++ b/ezk/34/27.md @@ -6,15 +6,10 @@ "will be safe" -# know that I am Yahweh - -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # when I break the bars of their yoke -Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: "when I free them from being slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"when I free them from being slaves" # from the hand of those who enslaved them -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "from the control of those who made them slaves" or "from those who made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"from the control of those who made them slaves" or "from those who made them slaves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/28.md b/ezk/34/28.md index bb338061cb..cfe43c6e43 100644 --- a/ezk/34/28.md +++ b/ezk/34/28.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. - # They will no longer be plunder for the nations -Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "The people of the nations will no longer steal from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of the nations will no longer steal from them" # plunder -These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See how you translated "plunder" in [Ezekiel 7:21](../07/21.md). - +These are things that are stolen or taken by force. See Ezekiel 7:21. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/29.md b/ezk/34/29.md index 9da01bf795..833f2edad8 100644 --- a/ezk/34/29.md +++ b/ezk/34/29.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # they will not bear the insults of the nations -Here "nations" represents the people of the nations. The abstract noun "insults" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/30.md b/ezk/34/30.md index 5243c18b71..90804c08e5 100644 --- a/ezk/34/30.md +++ b/ezk/34/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I, Yahweh their God, am with them -Here "I ... am with them" is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. Alternate translation: "I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I, Yahweh their God, am helping them" # with them. They are my people -This can be stated as one sentence. Alternate translation: "with them, and that they are my people" - +"with them, and that they are my people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/31.md b/ezk/34/31.md index 6477da35a8..4688f2f8a9 100644 --- a/ezk/34/31.md +++ b/ezk/34/31.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture -This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/34/intro.md b/ezk/34/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index fac5377c79..0000000000 --- a/ezk/34/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 34 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### God protects the people - -God is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -The people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 34:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/35/01.md b/ezk/35/01.md index 371a98e743..9b1889bc2d 100644 --- a/ezk/35/01.md +++ b/ezk/35/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom. +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. He is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom. Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed. # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. "Yahweh spoke this message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/02.md b/ezk/35/02.md index 4cc8c1da9b..bae59da52c 100644 --- a/ezk/35/02.md +++ b/ezk/35/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # set your face against Mount Seir -Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: "turn toward Mount Seir and stare angrily" or "stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed". Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See Ezekiel 6:2. # Mount Seir and prophesy against it -"the mountain of Seir." Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/03.md b/ezk/35/03.md index 094f9cb3c7..c4c676cc77 100644 --- a/ezk/35/03.md +++ b/ezk/35/03.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ # Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did" # Behold! -The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Listen!" or "Indeed!" +"Listen!" or "Indeed!" # I am against you @@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Li # I will strike you with my hand -Here "hand" represents power. Alternate translation: "I will use my power to strike you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will use my power to strike you" # make you a desolation -The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "make you desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"make you desolate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/04.md b/ezk/35/04.md index 30c5d5c104..872a234a56 100644 --- a/ezk/35/04.md +++ b/ezk/35/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message i # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/05.md b/ezk/35/05.md index 32ca482355..da37e1428b 100644 --- a/ezk/35/05.md +++ b/ezk/35/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # you poured them out into the hands of the sword -Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) "you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or 2) "you killed them with swords." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords" or "you killed them with swords" # at the time of their distress -"at a time of disaster" - +"at a time of disaster" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/06.md b/ezk/35/06.md index 91bf6546d5..d551256d71 100644 --- a/ezk/35/06.md +++ b/ezk/35/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will prepare you for bloodshed -Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: "I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you" # bloodshed will pursue you -Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: "your enemies will chase you down and kill you you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"your enemies will chase you down and kill you you" # Since you did not hate bloodshed -Here "bloodshed" is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: "Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/07.md b/ezk/35/07.md index 7654fd641b..06fbd971fc 100644 --- a/ezk/35/07.md +++ b/ezk/35/07.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message i # when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again -Possible meanings are 1) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: "I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" or 2) "cut off" is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it" or "I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/08.md b/ezk/35/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e6c3387d92..0000000000 --- a/ezk/35/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# those who were killed by the sword - -Here "sword" represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: "those whom enemies have killed with swords" or "those who have died in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/ezk/35/09.md b/ezk/35/09.md index cc40f1f1e2..d2cf1ea61f 100644 --- a/ezk/35/09.md +++ b/ezk/35/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # a perpetual desolation -"desolate forever." This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"desolate forever." This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. # Your cities will not be inhabited -This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: "People will not live in your cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"People will not live in your cities" # but you will know -Here "you" is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Here "you" is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/10.md b/ezk/35/10.md index c8098a4da1..70cbb99fa1 100644 --- a/ezk/35/10.md +++ b/ezk/35/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. - # You have said -The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "Your people said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"Your people said". The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. # these two lands @@ -12,7 +8,7 @@ The word "You" refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mounta # will become mine -The word "mine" can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: "will become ours" +"will become ours". # we @@ -20,5 +16,4 @@ The word "we" refers to the people of Edom. # even when Yahweh was present with them -It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/11.md b/ezk/35/11.md index d3e181e0b1..a3d63588c4 100644 --- a/ezk/35/11.md +++ b/ezk/35/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy -Possible meanings are 1) "I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or 2) "just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy." - +"I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy" or "just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/12.md b/ezk/35/12.md index e9cf20dc4e..1f57d101e6 100644 --- a/ezk/35/12.md +++ b/ezk/35/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. - # against the mountains of Israel -Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel. # They have been destroyed -This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They are in ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"They are in ruins" # they have been given over to us to devour -The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: "they are here for us to devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they are here for us to devour". The people of Mount Seir are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/13.md b/ezk/35/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/35/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/35/14.md b/ezk/35/14.md index 7f1cd8539b..c7361d85c8 100644 --- a/ezk/35/14.md +++ b/ezk/35/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. - # The Lord Yahweh says this -This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say" # I will make you a desolation -Here "you" refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "Because of what your people did I will make you desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Because of what your people did I will make you desolate" # the entire earth rejoices -Here "earth" represents the people of the earth. The word "entire" is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: "people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice". The word "entire" refers only to people near Mount Seir. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/15.md b/ezk/35/15.md index 5f61c4a4b6..19c381feac 100644 --- a/ezk/35/15.md +++ b/ezk/35/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation -This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: "As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate" # I will do the same to you -Possible meanings are 1) I will make your land desolate" or 2) "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or 3) "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation." +"I will make your land desolate" or "I will rejoice when your land is desolate" or "I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation." # Then they will know -The word "they" possibly refers to 1) "the people of the earth" or 2) "the people of Israel and Judah." - +"the people of the earth" or "the people of Israel and Judah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/35/intro.md b/ezk/35/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f654015cb..0000000000 --- a/ezk/35/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 35 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Edom - -Because the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed. - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 35:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/36/01.md b/ezk/36/01.md index ac1998c261..d7f99f2b33 100644 --- a/ezk/36/01.md +++ b/ezk/36/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. +Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" - -# prophesy to the mountains of Israel - -God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/02.md b/ezk/36/02.md index e9e77360ba..78b2a9cdf6 100644 --- a/ezk/36/02.md +++ b/ezk/36/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Aha -This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This is great." +"I am very happy" or "This is great" # The ancient high places @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This is an expression of joy. It can be translated as "I am very happy" or "This # have become our possession -"now belong to us" - +"now belong to us" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/03.md b/ezk/36/03.md index 2d4139f42f..fa0cb7dec6 100644 --- a/ezk/36/03.md +++ b/ezk/36/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Because of your desolation -The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate." Alternate translation: "Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate" # because of the attacks that came on you from all sides @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The abstract noun "desolation" can be stated as "desolate." Alternate translatio # you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories -Here, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. Alternate translation: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/04.md b/ezk/36/04.md index 7ddbaa0ace..a0207fba77 100644 --- a/ezk/36/04.md +++ b/ezk/36/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains of Israel. The message is for all of the people of Israel. It may be helpful to use a verse bridge here, as the UDB does, to arrange the text in a more logical order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-versebridge]]) +It may be helpful to use a verse bridge to arrange the text in a more logical order. # listen to the word of the Lord Yahweh @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ This continues the message that Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the mountains o # the uninhabited desolations -The abstract noun "desolations" can be stated as "desolate cities." Alternate translation: "the desolate cities which have no people living in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"the desolate cities which have no people living in them" # the abandoned cities -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the cities that people have left behind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the cities that people have left behind" # that have become plunder -"that enemies have stolen from" - +"that enemies have stolen from" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/05.md b/ezk/36/05.md index 9a6723ca4d..508130502f 100644 --- a/ezk/36/05.md +++ b/ezk/36/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # in the fire of my zeal -This speaks of Yahweh's zeal as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. Alternate translation: "because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"because of my intense jealousy" or "because of my very strong anger". Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. # against Edom and all @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This speaks of Yahweh's zeal as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much # had both joy in their heart and contempt in their spirit, as they seized my land -Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's inner being. The ideas of having joy and disdain can be expressed with the verbs "rejoiced" and "despised." Alternate translation: "who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/06.md b/ezk/36/06.md index afa8c8ef5c..6be5fdf7cf 100644 --- a/ezk/36/06.md +++ b/ezk/36/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Behold! -The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!" +"Indeed!" # In my zeal and in my anger -The words "zeal" and "anger" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: "Because I am extremely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Because I am extremely angry" # you have borne the insults of nations -"other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you" - +"other nations have insulted you" or "other nations have mocked you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/07.md b/ezk/36/07.md index 07c913b674..3cb73a6112 100644 --- a/ezk/36/07.md +++ b/ezk/36/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. - # I myself will lift up my hand to swear -Here "lift up my hand" is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"I solemnly swear" # that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame -The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: "that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you" # surround you -The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. - +The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/08.md b/ezk/36/08.md index 5bf3619a25..d0e4416033 100644 --- a/ezk/36/08.md +++ b/ezk/36/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. +This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel and is intended for the people of Israel. Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. # you will grow branches and bear fruit -Here "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"your trees will grow branches and bear fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/09.md b/ezk/36/09.md index 3949848a1d..ed53c48d77 100644 --- a/ezk/36/09.md +++ b/ezk/36/09.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # I am for you -"I want to do good things to you." The word "you" refers to the mountains of Israel. +"I want to do good things to you" This refers to the mountains of Israel. # I treat you with favor @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ # you will be plowed and sown with seed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/10.md b/ezk/36/10.md index 2d56440bc7..a32337d937 100644 --- a/ezk/36/10.md +++ b/ezk/36/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is intended for the people of Israel. - # So I will multiply upon you -Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you" # even the whole house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "all of the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"all of the people of Israel" # The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/11.md b/ezk/36/11.md index 11a04d132e..8b9483dd04 100644 --- a/ezk/36/11.md +++ b/ezk/36/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # they will multiply and be fruitful -Here "be fruitful" is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. Alternate translation: "they will become very many people and have very many children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"they will become very many people and have very many children" # you to be inhabited as you previously were -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people to live on you mountains as they did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people to live on you mountains as they did before" # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/12.md b/ezk/36/12.md index fa6af20f3f..36d8489f47 100644 --- a/ezk/36/12.md +++ b/ezk/36/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance -The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: "They will possess you permanently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They will possess you permanently" # you will no longer cause their children to die -It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +It is implied that children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/13.md b/ezk/36/13.md index 36abd22e23..602004ab90 100644 --- a/ezk/36/13.md +++ b/ezk/36/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues Yahweh's message to the mountains of Israel. The message is meant for the people of Israel. - # they are saying to you "other nations are saying to you mountains" # You devour men -Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: "You cause many people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You cause many people to die". This speaks as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. # bereaving your nation of children -"you cause your people's children to die" - +"you cause your people's children to die" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/14.md b/ezk/36/14.md index bc6912d0d2..9ea620f445 100644 --- a/ezk/36/14.md +++ b/ezk/36/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # you will not consume people any longer -Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. Alternate translation: "you will no longer cause the people to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"you will no longer cause the people to die" # This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/15.md b/ezk/36/15.md index cc2ab9f75e..147d05b1f2 100644 --- a/ezk/36/15.md +++ b/ezk/36/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer -This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. Alternate translation: "I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you" # you will no longer have to suffer the scorn of the peoples -Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. Alternate translation: "the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/16.md b/ezk/36/16.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/36/16.md +++ b/ezk/36/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/17.md b/ezk/36/17.md index cfcf4535c0..224f3d54e9 100644 --- a/ezk/36/17.md +++ b/ezk/36/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # the house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Israel" # with their ways and their deeds @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (S # Their ways were like the uncleanness of the impurity before me -The words "the impurity" are a euphemism for the unclean rags a woman uses at the time of the month when she bleeds from her womb. This simile emphasizes how disgusting the people's behavior was to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman". This emphasizes how disgusting the people's behavior was to Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/18.md b/ezk/36/18.md index c37e386c69..6a3363cdec 100644 --- a/ezk/36/18.md +++ b/ezk/36/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I poured out my fury against them -Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: "I did things to them that showed how angry I was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I did things to them that showed how angry I was" # for the blood that they poured out on the land -This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. Alternate translation: "because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land" or "because they murdered many people" # for their pollution of it by their idols -The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. Alternate translation: "because they defiled the land with their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"because they defiled the land with their idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/19.md b/ezk/36/19.md index c3e5e948f0..b12c9cb34a 100644 --- a/ezk/36/19.md +++ b/ezk/36/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel. - # I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: "I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" # they were dispersed through the lands -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I dispersed them through the lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I dispersed them through the lands" # their ways and their deeds -Here "ways" and "deeds" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "the things that they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"the things that they have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/20.md b/ezk/36/20.md index 308a11928b..063113c042 100644 --- a/ezk/36/20.md +++ b/ezk/36/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they profaned my holy name -Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "they mocked me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they mocked me" # when people @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "they m # Are these really the people of Yahweh? -The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" # For they have been thrown out of his land -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" # his land -This refers to the land of Israel. - +This refers to the land of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/21.md b/ezk/36/21.md index 5e3349e807..b359928bcc 100644 --- a/ezk/36/21.md +++ b/ezk/36/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there -Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" # I had compassion for my holy name @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "When t # the house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/22.md b/ezk/36/22.md index d6218a7c94..ae16db1fb9 100644 --- a/ezk/36/22.md +++ b/ezk/36/22.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel, and he gives him a message to Israel. - -# the house of Israel - -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # for your sake "because of you" or "in order to help you" # but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone -Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: "but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy" # you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone -"you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone" - +"you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/23.md b/ezk/36/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/36/24.md b/ezk/36/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f244e0208..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. - diff --git a/ezk/36/25.md b/ezk/36/25.md index eac6e30fba..be5a15cfc0 100644 --- a/ezk/36/25.md +++ b/ezk/36/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be clean; you will be purified from all of your uncleanness, and I will purify you from all of your idols -Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase "you will be purified" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will forgive you and cause you not to sin as if I were sprinkling pure water on you so you will be clean; I will purify you from all of your uncleanness, and I will purify you from all of your idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will forgive you and cause you not to sin as if I were sprinkling pure water on you so you will be clean; I will purify you from all of your uncleanness, and I will purify you from all of your idols" # all of your uncleanness -"all the things that made you unclean" - +"all the things that made you unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/26.md b/ezk/36/26.md index 5eed882f13..5d1ba4dd2b 100644 --- a/ezk/36/26.md +++ b/ezk/36/26.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. - # I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh -Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit. God will forgive Israel's sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the word "heart." # a new heart and a new spirit -Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated "heart" and "spirit" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). +Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See Ezekiel 11:19. # in your innermost parts @@ -16,7 +12,7 @@ Here "heart" and "spirit" represent a person's thoughts, attitudes, and emotions # the heart of stone -This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated "stone heart" in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: "the heart that is as hard as stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the heart that is as hard as stone". See Ezekiel 11:19. # your flesh @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See # a heart of flesh -People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: "a heart that is soft like flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"a heart that is soft like flesh". See Ezekiel 11:19. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/27.md b/ezk/36/27.md index f3c6d61286..f027b93aa5 100644 --- a/ezk/36/27.md +++ b/ezk/36/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # enable you to walk in my statutes -A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). Alternate translation: "enable you to obey my statutes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"enable you to obey my statutes". See Ezekiel 11:20. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/28.md b/ezk/36/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/36/29.md b/ezk/36/29.md index ed5f6f44fa..998c20c0b1 100644 --- a/ezk/36/29.md +++ b/ezk/36/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. - # For I will save you from all of your uncleanness -Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "For I will save you from everything that made me reject you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"For I will save you from everything that made me reject you" # I will summon the grain -"I will call the grain to come." This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel" # I will no longer put famine upon you -Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. Alternate translation: "I will no longer cause there to be a famine" or "I will no longer cause there to be no food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will no longer cause there to be a famine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/30.md b/ezk/36/30.md index e4075e0c1b..32e45950de 100644 --- a/ezk/36/30.md +++ b/ezk/36/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations -Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. Alternate translation: "the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/31.md b/ezk/36/31.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/31.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/36/32.md b/ezk/36/32.md index 35052ccebb..e72efc6e72 100644 --- a/ezk/36/32.md +++ b/ezk/36/32.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. - # let this be known to you -"know this" or "you can be sure of this." Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"know this" or "you can be sure of this." Yahweh emphasizes that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse. # So be ashamed and disgraced -The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: "So be very ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"So be very ashamed" # because of your ways @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ The words "ashamed" and "disgraced" share similar meanings. Together they emphas # house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/33.md b/ezk/36/33.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/33.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/36/34.md b/ezk/36/34.md index da99202f9e..937aabf0c8 100644 --- a/ezk/36/34.md +++ b/ezk/36/34.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # before the eyes of all who pass by -The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: "to those who pass by and see it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to those who pass by and see it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/35.md b/ezk/36/35.md index f26d007682..4760139c61 100644 --- a/ezk/36/35.md +++ b/ezk/36/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. - # Then they The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ The word "they" refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. # that were torn down -This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "that enemies had torn down" or 2) Alternate translation: "that people could not get into" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that enemies had torn down" or "that people could not get into" # are now fortified and inhabited -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/36.md b/ezk/36/36.md index 6da810a2e1..262a66e602 100644 --- a/ezk/36/36.md +++ b/ezk/36/36.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # replanted the deserted places -"planted crops in the desolate land" - +"planted crops in the desolate land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/37.md b/ezk/36/37.md index a755131a7f..aa3d000603 100644 --- a/ezk/36/37.md +++ b/ezk/36/37.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - # I will be asked by the house of Israel -Here "house" represents people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel will ask me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people of Israel will ask me" # to increase them like a flock of people -Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: "to make them multiply like a flock of sheep" or "to make the people multiply quickly like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"to make them multiply like a flock of sheep" or "to make the people multiply quickly like sheep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/38.md b/ezk/36/38.md index 4c92a6faf7..1c476ba1ab 100644 --- a/ezk/36/38.md +++ b/ezk/36/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts -The phrase "is set apart" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts" # so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people -This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/36/intro.md b/ezk/36/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index db3e7262b0..0000000000 --- a/ezk/36/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 36 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Israel restored - -Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -#### New hearts - -God will forgive Israel's sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym "heart." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 36:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/37/01.md b/ezk/37/01.md index d559fc97e1..46b9fecf84 100644 --- a/ezk/37/01.md +++ b/ezk/37/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Ezekiel is speaking. - # The hand of Yahweh was upon me -The word "hand" is often used to refer to someone's power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh was controlling me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh was controlling me". Ezekiel is speaking. See Ezekiel 1:3. # in the midst -"in the middle" - +"in the middle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/02.md b/ezk/37/02.md index 136e36f33c..0604bb39ca 100644 --- a/ezk/37/02.md +++ b/ezk/37/02.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # Behold! -The word "Behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. - +This alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/03.md b/ezk/37/03.md index 6187099126..b70b498663 100644 --- a/ezk/37/03.md +++ b/ezk/37/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" - +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/04.md b/ezk/37/04.md index 10abc46113..393ec4cba5 100644 --- a/ezk/37/04.md +++ b/ezk/37/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks to Ezekiel. - # Listen to the word of Yahweh -"Listen to Yahweh's message" - +"Listen to Yahweh's message" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/05.md b/ezk/37/05.md index 16f54d6840..b14bf9b5b2 100644 --- a/ezk/37/05.md +++ b/ezk/37/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Behold -"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # to put breath into you -The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathe." Alternate translation: "I will cause you to breathe" +"I will cause you to breathe". The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. # breath -The Hebrew word translated as "breath" in these verses is translated as "spirit" by a few modern versions. It is also translated as "wind" in [Ezekiel 37:9](../37/09.md). - +The Hebrew word translated as "breath" is translated as "spirit" by a few modern versions. See Ezekiel 37:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/06.md b/ezk/37/06.md index 9fdc021bc2..3803563e8c 100644 --- a/ezk/37/06.md +++ b/ezk/37/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ the tissue that connects muscles to bones # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/07.md b/ezk/37/07.md index 9d588a724b..0e7001dd1d 100644 --- a/ezk/37/07.md +++ b/ezk/37/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Ezekiel is speaking. - # as I was commanded -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh had commanded me to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"as Yahweh had commanded me to speak" # behold -The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. - +This shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/08.md b/ezk/37/08.md index 8a914b6b7a..4fe0583b14 100644 --- a/ezk/37/08.md +++ b/ezk/37/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# sinews - -This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](../37/06.md). - # But there was still no breath in them -The noun "breath" can be stated as the verb "breathing." Alternate translation: "But they were not breathing" or "But they were not alive" - +"But they were not breathing" or "But they were not alive" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/09.md b/ezk/37/09.md index 42a31032cb..a99c42f70b 100644 --- a/ezk/37/09.md +++ b/ezk/37/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the breath -Possible meanings are: 1) "breath" or 2) "spirit" or 3) "wind." +"breath" or "spirit" or "wind." # from the four winds -"from the four directions that the wind can blow in." This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"from every direction" # these who have been killed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "these people that enemies and disasters have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"these people that enemies and disasters have killed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/10.md b/ezk/37/10.md index 29d5df7379..d5be612a29 100644 --- a/ezk/37/10.md +++ b/ezk/37/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # as I was commanded -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh had commanded me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"as Yahweh had commanded me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/11.md b/ezk/37/11.md index adcf78d0ba..c1cfa6c281 100644 --- a/ezk/37/11.md +++ b/ezk/37/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the entire house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See Ezekiel 3:1. # Behold! -The word "Behold" here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: "Indeed!" +"Indeed!" # We have been cut off -The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. Alternate translation: "Our nation is destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - + "Our nation is destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/12.md b/ezk/37/12.md index 6dd90e6a62..94cc6d6f7f 100644 --- a/ezk/37/12.md +++ b/ezk/37/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will open your graves and lift you out from them -Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh speaks as if he will bring them back to life again. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/13.md b/ezk/37/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f497a8817..0000000000 --- a/ezk/37/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -These are Yahweh's words to the house of Israel. - diff --git a/ezk/37/14.md b/ezk/37/14.md index c5849a550e..0a36b6f24d 100644 --- a/ezk/37/14.md +++ b/ezk/37/14.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/15.md b/ezk/37/15.md index a5d7d066d8..a6fb9db0e9 100644 --- a/ezk/37/15.md +++ b/ezk/37/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/16.md b/ezk/37/16.md index 5a769d7685..f291504f98 100644 --- a/ezk/37/16.md +++ b/ezk/37/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # For Judah -Here "For" means "representing." Alternate translation: "Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah" +"Representing Judah" or "Belonging to Judah". God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. # Judah -The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom. # the people of Israel, his companions -This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: "all the tribes of Judah" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" +"all the tribes of Judah" or "the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah" # For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim -Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom. # all the people of Israel, their companions -This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: "all the tribes of Israel" or "the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel" - +"all the tribes of Israel" or "the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/17.md b/ezk/37/17.md index 6a37948acd..75d8f86676 100644 --- a/ezk/37/17.md +++ b/ezk/37/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # into one stick -"so that they become one stick" - +"so that they become one stick" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/18.md b/ezk/37/18.md index 8afca67eb0..3f69afec9e 100644 --- a/ezk/37/18.md +++ b/ezk/37/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - # what these things of yours mean -"what your sticks mean" or "why you have these sticks" - +"what your sticks mean" or "why you have these sticks" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/19.md b/ezk/37/19.md index 672e078a4a..9c674cda36 100644 --- a/ezk/37/19.md +++ b/ezk/37/19.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Behold! -This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # the branch of Joseph -"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the stick of Joseph." This represents the kingdom of Israel. # that is in the hand of Ephraim -The word "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"that is in the power of Ephraim" or "that the tribe of Ephraim rules over" # the tribes of Israel his companions @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ The word "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "that is in the power of # the branch of Judah -"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the stick of Judah." This represents the kingdom of Judah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/20.md b/ezk/37/20.md index 01f3200df6..1aa81e7d8d 100644 --- a/ezk/37/20.md +++ b/ezk/37/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # before their eyes -Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: "while they watched you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"while they watched you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/21.md b/ezk/37/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index f70be0aceb..0000000000 --- a/ezk/37/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - -# Behold! - -"Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" - diff --git a/ezk/37/22.md b/ezk/37/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/37/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/37/23.md b/ezk/37/23.md index 7d6420e8f5..fda5e5ff4d 100644 --- a/ezk/37/23.md +++ b/ezk/37/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # they will be my people and I will be their God -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 11:20. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/24.md b/ezk/37/24.md index 514d05421e..f11207f807 100644 --- a/ezk/37/24.md +++ b/ezk/37/24.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. - # David my servant -Yahweh said "David" to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated "my servant David" in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). Alternate translation: "A descendant of my servant David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"A descendant of my servant David". See Ezekiel 34:23. # one shepherd over them -This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See Ezekiel 34:23. # over them @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. Se # will walk according to my decrees -This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. Alternate translation: "will live as I have commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"will live as I have commanded" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/25.md b/ezk/37/25.md index 0218a24086..ca73829a91 100644 --- a/ezk/37/25.md +++ b/ezk/37/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # had stayed -"had lived" - +"had lived" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/26.md b/ezk/37/26.md index b29a814e26..b60e10e2a6 100644 --- a/ezk/37/26.md +++ b/ezk/37/26.md @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel. # a covenant of peace -"a covenant that brings peace." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:25](../34/25.md). +"a covenant that brings peace." See Ezekiel 34:25. # I will establish them -It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel" # multiply them @@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate # in their midst -"among them" - +"among them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/27.md b/ezk/37/27.md index 998da7f6d6..d07b49ce86 100644 --- a/ezk/37/27.md +++ b/ezk/37/27.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # I will be their God, and they will be my people -See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). - +See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 11:20. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/37/28.md b/ezk/37/28.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/37/28.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/37/intro.md b/ezk/37/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 25d6fef4d9..0000000000 --- a/ezk/37/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 37 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Israel restored -God will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -The people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 37:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/38/01.md b/ezk/38/01.md index bf746d6241..5cf0067631 100644 --- a/ezk/38/01.md +++ b/ezk/38/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The word of Yahweh came -This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke this message" or "Yahweh spoke these words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message". This introduces something that God told his prophets or his people. See Ezekiel 3:16. This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/02.md b/ezk/38/02.md index 303b7025f7..0d2d7244ea 100644 --- a/ezk/38/02.md +++ b/ezk/38/02.md @@ -1,28 +1,27 @@ # set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince ... Tubal -This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: "Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal" or "Stare at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal" or "Stare at Gog, the chief prince ... Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed". This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See Ezekiel 4:3. # set your face -Here "face" is a metonym for attention or gaze, and "set your face" represents staring. Alternate translation: "stare" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"stare" # Gog, the land of Magog -It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. Alternate translation: "Gog who rules over the land of Magog" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Gog who rules over the land of Magog" # Gog -This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog. # Magog -This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. +The name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. # the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal -This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. Alternate translation: "who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal". Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. # Meshech ... Tubal -See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 32:26](../32/26.md). - +See how you translated these names in Ezekiel 32:26. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/03.md b/ezk/38/03.md index 3abcf09571..41ca59b2d1 100644 --- a/ezk/38/03.md +++ b/ezk/38/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Behold! -This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # I am against you -This idiom means "I am your enemy." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I am your enemy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/04.md b/ezk/38/04.md index 7051bbf5fe..cc64aac56c 100644 --- a/ezk/38/04.md +++ b/ezk/38/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -These verses list the various nations who will join Gog's army. - -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. +These verses list the various nations who will join Gog's army. Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. # set hooks in your jaw -Here "hooks in your jaw" represents God's control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This represents God's control over Gog. People used hooks so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted. # in full armor ... holding swords -These phrases describe an army that is ready for battle. - +These phrases describe an army that is ready for battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/05.md b/ezk/38/05.md index f6edd08193..2a1ffc9805 100644 --- a/ezk/38/05.md +++ b/ezk/38/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # with shields and helmets -This phrase describes an army that is ready for battle. - +This phrase describes an army that is ready for battle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/06.md b/ezk/38/06.md index c6dd017a7d..f5b0da918f 100644 --- a/ezk/38/06.md +++ b/ezk/38/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ a nation that lived north of the Black Sea # Beth Togarmah -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 27:14](../27/14.md). - +See Ezekiel 27:14. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/07.md b/ezk/38/07.md index b63e357283..52b9facfed 100644 --- a/ezk/38/07.md +++ b/ezk/38/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. - # your troops assembled with you -"all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" or "all of your army that you have brought together for yourself" - +"all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/08.md b/ezk/38/08.md index 228956da8e..3fd52fc972 100644 --- a/ezk/38/08.md +++ b/ezk/38/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # You will be called -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will call you to come for war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will call you to come for war" # recovered from the sword -Here the "sword" represents war. Alternate translation: "recovered from war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"recovered from war" # that has been gathered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that I have gathered together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that I have gathered together" # from many peoples @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that I have gathered # the land's people will be brought out -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bring the Israelites out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will bring the Israelites out" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/09.md b/ezk/38/09.md index 7fcd0e2cf6..75624680e8 100644 --- a/ezk/38/09.md +++ b/ezk/38/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # you will go up as a storm goes -This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does. # a cloud covering the land -This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +This means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/10.md b/ezk/38/10.md index 4d54c4411e..6ce4a638bf 100644 --- a/ezk/38/10.md +++ b/ezk/38/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues speaking to Gog. - # on that day that "at that time" # plans will form in your heart ... you will devise wicked schemes -These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "you will plan to do something very evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"you will plan to do something very evil" # plans will form in your heart -Here "heart" refers to his thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will think of plans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you will think of plans" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/11.md b/ezk/38/11.md index f4dde63600..434ad63edc 100644 --- a/ezk/38/11.md +++ b/ezk/38/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will -Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate translation: "My army and I will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"My army and I will" # the open land -The following phrases explain that this refers to a land without walls or bars or gates. - +The following phrases explain that this refers to a land without walls or bars or gates. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/12.md b/ezk/38/12.md index b7278b8de2..16c87489d2 100644 --- a/ezk/38/12.md +++ b/ezk/38/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # capture booty and steal plunder -These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "take away all their valuable possessions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"take away all their valuable possessions" # bring my hand -Here "hand" refers to Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "hand" refers to Gog's military power. # against the ruins -Here "ruins" refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. Alternate translation: "against the people who live in the ruins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"against the people who live in the ruins" # at the center of the earth -"in the middle of the most important countries in the world" - +"in the middle of the most important countries in the world" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/14.md b/ezk/38/14.md index 64348f4b0e..b07fc73992 100644 --- a/ezk/38/14.md +++ b/ezk/38/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Yahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # On that day ... learn about them? -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. Alternate translation: "On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/15.md b/ezk/38/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/38/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/38/16.md b/ezk/38/16.md index c190b8d756..3247eb996a 100644 --- a/ezk/38/16.md +++ b/ezk/38/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# like a cloud that covers the land - -This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](../38/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # In the latter days -This refers to the distant future before the world ends. Alternate translation: "In the last days" or "At the end of time" or "In the distant future" +"In the last days" or "At the end of time". This refers to the distant future before the world ends. # In the latter days ... to be holy before their eyes @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ All the nations will understand that Yahweh is holy when they see what he does t # might know me -"might know who I am" - +"might know who I am" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/17.md b/ezk/38/17.md index 6ca60e777e..8c4e401576 100644 --- a/ezk/38/17.md +++ b/ezk/38/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues telling Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog. - # Are you not the one ... bring you against them? -Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "You are the one ... bring you against them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You are the one ... bring you against them". Yahweh emphasizes that he brought Gog to the land of Israel. # of whom I spoke @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to th # by the hand of my servants -Here "hand" refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh's message. Alternate translation: "by means of my servants" or "through my servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"by means of my servants" or "through my servants" # against them -"against the people of Israel" - +"against the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/18.md b/ezk/38/18.md index bd3ddeedc8..fd5598a647 100644 --- a/ezk/38/18.md +++ b/ezk/38/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. # my wrath will mount up in my anger -Here "mount up" means "rise up" and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words "wrath" and "anger" mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: "my anger will greatly increase" or "I will be very angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"my anger will greatly increase" or "I will be very angry with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/19.md b/ezk/38/19.md index b0340dc282..dabe30b527 100644 --- a/ezk/38/19.md +++ b/ezk/38/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. - # In my zeal -Here "zeal" refers to Yahweh's desire to defend his honor against Gog's attacks. +This refers to Yahweh's desire to defend his honor against Gog's attacks. # in the fire of my anger -The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. Alternate translation: "because my anger was intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"because my anger was intense" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/20.md b/ezk/38/20.md index 47fc94028f..9e822160cc 100644 --- a/ezk/38/20.md +++ b/ezk/38/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The mountains will be thrown down -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will make mountains fall down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Yahweh will make mountains fall down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/21.md b/ezk/38/21.md index 83133abb08..2498e86833 100644 --- a/ezk/38/21.md +++ b/ezk/38/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message about Gog. He speaks of the people of Gog as if they were one man. # I will summon a sword against him -The word "sword" here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: "I will cause soldiers to attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause soldiers to attack him" # each man's sword will be against his brother -Here "sword" is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: "all of his soldiers will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"all of his soldiers will fight each other" # his brother -"his fellow soldier" - +"his fellow soldier" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/22.md b/ezk/38/22.md index a017234918..7e34ea76bf 100644 --- a/ezk/38/22.md +++ b/ezk/38/22.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # With plague and blood I will enter into judgment with him -Here "blood" is a metonym for injury and death. Alternate translation: "I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him" # I will rain on him and on his troops—and on the many nations with him—a torrential downpour and hailstones, fire and sulfur -It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: "I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones, fire, and burning sulfur upon him and his troops—and on the many nations with him" +"I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones, fire, and burning sulfur upon him and his troops—and on the many nations with him" # hailstones -ice that falls out of the sky - +ice that falls out of the sky \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/23.md b/ezk/38/23.md index 962b7bbadf..df77d09b0b 100644 --- a/ezk/38/23.md +++ b/ezk/38/23.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # show my greatness and my holiness -The abstract nouns "greatness" and "holiness" can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "show that I am great and holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"show that I am great and holy" # I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations -Here "eyes" refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: "I will cause many nations to understand who I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause many nations to understand who I am" # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/38/intro.md b/ezk/38/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 44a6e0d57a..0000000000 --- a/ezk/38/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 38 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel. - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 38:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/39/01.md b/ezk/39/01.md index 9b5563c1ac..ea1aa570e0 100644 --- a/ezk/39/01.md +++ b/ezk/39/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Connecting Statement: -Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog. +Yahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog and this chapter concludes the prophecy. God will destroy Gog and his army. # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # Behold! -This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # I am against you @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate transl # chief of Meshech and Tubal -Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: "who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal". Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See Ezekiel 38:2. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/02.md b/ezk/39/02.md index f2c9335b41..7c8a4d7eef 100644 --- a/ezk/39/02.md +++ b/ezk/39/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will turn you and lead you on -God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal. # bring you up -God speaks of bringing Gog "up" to Israel because it was located in the mountains. - +God speaks of bringing Gog "up" to Israel because it was located in the mountains. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/03.md b/ezk/39/03.md index cadf85a125..f5675a52d6 100644 --- a/ezk/39/03.md +++ b/ezk/39/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. -Knocking Gog's bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog's military power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Knocking Gog's bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog's military power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/04.md b/ezk/39/04.md index 93bf45df0c..f428c4990b 100644 --- a/ezk/39/04.md +++ b/ezk/39/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. - # your troops and the soldiers -These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: "all your soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"all your soldiers" # I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food -The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/05.md b/ezk/39/05.md index 98d6da6d45..2dacc7a728 100644 --- a/ezk/39/05.md +++ b/ezk/39/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/06.md b/ezk/39/06.md index 290df15bf6..04015882cf 100644 --- a/ezk/39/06.md +++ b/ezk/39/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I will send out fire on Magog -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or 2) "fire" is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are: Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or "fire" refers to the destruction that it causes. # Magog -This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). +This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See Ezekiel 38:2. # know that I am Yahweh -When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God". Yahweh implies that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See Ezekiel 6:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/07.md b/ezk/39/07.md index d213ac9c06..74111e22b8 100644 --- a/ezk/39/07.md +++ b/ezk/39/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. - # I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel -Here the metonym "my holy name" refers to Yahweh's character. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/08.md b/ezk/39/08.md index f4384cae7e..08a28fb30f 100644 --- a/ezk/39/08.md +++ b/ezk/39/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Behold! -This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look!" or "Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" +"Listen!" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!" # is coming ... will take place -These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. Alternate translation: "is surely going to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"is surely going to happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/09.md b/ezk/39/09.md index 4a83e4092d..9d8eec196b 100644 --- a/ezk/39/09.md +++ b/ezk/39/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. - # to kindle and make fires -These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. Alternate translation: "to start fires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"to start fires". The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. # small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears -This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general. +This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. # clubs -wooden sticks used as a weapon - +wooden sticks used as a weapon \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/10.md b/ezk/39/10.md index 054cc6f8a7..705ac57d6d 100644 --- a/ezk/39/10.md +++ b/ezk/39/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # wanted to take ... wanted to plunder -Here "to take" and "to plunder" mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel's possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +Gog intended to take Israel's possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that. # will plunder ... wanted to plunder -Translate "plunder" as in [Ezekiel 23:46](../23/46.md). - +Translate "plunder" as in Ezekiel 23:46. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/11.md b/ezk/39/11.md index c8dcbc8dc1..44189914df 100644 --- a/ezk/39/11.md +++ b/ezk/39/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. - # it will happen on that day that -This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. +This signals an important event. Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. # to the east of the sea -A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as "to the east toward the sea." +"to the east toward the sea" # It will block -Possible meanings are 1) "The grave will block" or 2) "The dead army will block." +"The grave will block" or "The dead army will block." # There they @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "The grave will block" or 2) "The dead army will block. # Valley of Hamon Gog -"Valley of the Great Army of Gog" - +"Valley of the Great Army of Gog" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/12.md b/ezk/39/12.md index 5c497e3ff6..3b010023f9 100644 --- a/ezk/39/12.md +++ b/ezk/39/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. - -# seven months - -"7 months." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. # will bury them in order to purify the land -In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. # bury them -"bury the soldiers of Gog's army" - +"bury the soldiers of Gog's army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/13.md b/ezk/39/13.md index 98d6da6d45..2dacc7a728 100644 --- a/ezk/39/13.md +++ b/ezk/39/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/14.md b/ezk/39/14.md index f2a12669ff..77c467df68 100644 --- a/ezk/39/14.md +++ b/ezk/39/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. - # through the land "through the land of Israel" @@ -12,13 +8,4 @@ This refers to the dead bodies of Gog's soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they ente # so that they may bury them -"so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies" - -# to cleanse the land - -In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# seventh month - -This "seventh" is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +"so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/15.md b/ezk/39/15.md index 46544b84b8..c8b05abf5a 100644 --- a/ezk/39/15.md +++ b/ezk/39/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time. # they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it -There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them. - +There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/16.md b/ezk/39/16.md index 34ffe94ca8..c5308f7953 100644 --- a/ezk/39/16.md +++ b/ezk/39/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# purify the land - -In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Hamonah -This name means "Great Army." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +"Great Army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/17.md b/ezk/39/17.md index 61ffaad815..2a6d072525 100644 --- a/ezk/39/17.md +++ b/ezk/39/17.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what the # son of man -"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "mortal person" or "human" +"son of a human being" or "son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # to the sacrifice -"to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. - +"to the feast" or "to the slaughter." Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/18.md b/ezk/39/18.md index 49f7938c18..c38d4f8c20 100644 --- a/ezk/39/18.md +++ b/ezk/39/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls -Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. Alternate translation: "as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls". Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. # they were all fattened in Bashan -That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they all became fat while grazing in Bashan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they all became fat while grazing in Bashan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/19.md b/ezk/39/19.md index 0709350be7..d2f42ceaed 100644 --- a/ezk/39/19.md +++ b/ezk/39/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog. - # to your satisfaction -The abstract noun "satisfaction" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "until you are satisfied" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"until you are satisfied" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/20.md b/ezk/39/20.md index f7a26c458b..c8bdf2d6b3 100644 --- a/ezk/39/20.md +++ b/ezk/39/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # chariot -The metonym "chariot" refers to the men in the chariots. Alternate translation: "chariot driver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"chariot driver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/21.md b/ezk/39/21.md index 659dea3b17..6dca5e4a6a 100644 --- a/ezk/39/21.md +++ b/ezk/39/21.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. - # I will set my glory among the nations -Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. Alternate translation: "I will make the nations see my glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will make the nations see my glory". Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. # my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them -Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: "the way that I will judge them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"the way that I will judge them" # my hand -Here the metonym "hand" refers to Yahweh's power that he uses to bring punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to Yahweh's power that he uses to bring punishment. # against them -"against Gog and his great army" - +"against Gog and his great army" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/22.md b/ezk/39/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e61d23d31..0000000000 --- a/ezk/39/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# The house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/ezk/39/23.md b/ezk/39/23.md index 8f5887c592..31d6d33ab8 100644 --- a/ezk/39/23.md +++ b/ezk/39/23.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. - -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me -The abstract noun "iniquity" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "because they sinned and betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"because they sinned and betrayed me" # I hid my face from them -Here "face" refers to Yahweh's help and protection. Alternate translation: "I stopped protecting them and taking care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I stopped protecting them and taking care of them" # gave them into the hand of their adversaries -Here the metonym "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "gave their enemies power over them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"gave their enemies power over them" # all of them fell by the sword -Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: "their enemies killed them all in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"their enemies killed them all in battle". See Ezekiel 32:23. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/24.md b/ezk/39/24.md index 86a7d043e1..0fec10b425 100644 --- a/ezk/39/24.md +++ b/ezk/39/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # their uncleanness and their sins -This speaks of the people's disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here "uncleanness" means basically the same as "sins." Alternate translation: "their disgusting behavior and their sins" or "their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"their disgusting behavior and their sins" or "their sins" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/25.md b/ezk/39/25.md index 95698c208d..c5753cf103 100644 --- a/ezk/39/25.md +++ b/ezk/39/25.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. - # will reverse the captivity of Jacob -The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. See how similar words are translated in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). Alternate translation: or "free Jacob from those who had captured him" or "cause Jacob to live well again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"free Jacob from those who had captured him" or "cause Jacob to live well again". See Ezekiel 16:53. # Jacob "the descendants of Jacob" -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # act with zeal for my holy name -"make sure that they honor me" - +"make sure that they honor me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/26.md b/ezk/39/26.md index c352517796..964170389a 100644 --- a/ezk/39/26.md +++ b/ezk/39/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # they will bear their shame and all the treachery -Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are 1) "they will regret their shame and all the treachery" or 2) "they will forget their shame and all the treachery." +"they will regret their shame and all the treachery" or "they will forget their shame and all the treachery". Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. # the treachery -"the unfaithfulness" - +"the unfaithfulness" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/27.md b/ezk/39/27.md index 8eaab80f8c..fa02ae5d53 100644 --- a/ezk/39/27.md +++ b/ezk/39/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations -Here "sight" is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: "many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/28.md b/ezk/39/28.md index bf043ca435..cee7d79940 100644 --- a/ezk/39/28.md +++ b/ezk/39/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. - # I sent them into captivity ... I will gather them back to their land -At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon. - +At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/29.md b/ezk/39/29.md index b4472a6318..be207c783e 100644 --- a/ezk/39/29.md +++ b/ezk/39/29.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ # I will no longer hide my face from them -Here "no longer hide my face" is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: "I will no longer abandon them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will no longer abandon them" # when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel -Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to "pour out" the Spirit. Alternate translation: "when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/39/intro.md b/ezk/39/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 58e927fa24..0000000000 --- a/ezk/39/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 39 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army. - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 39:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/40/01.md b/ezk/40/01.md index 363a7de215..7a48929790 100644 --- a/ezk/40/01.md +++ b/ezk/40/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# twenty-fifth ... tenth ... fourteenth - -These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - # of our captivity -Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +"after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon" # the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month -This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. # the city was captured -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem" # the hand of Yahweh -Here "hand" refers to Yahweh's power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). - +This refers to Yahweh's power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See Ezekiel 1:3. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/02.md b/ezk/40/02.md index 4d57a305e9..8b19849565 100644 --- a/ezk/40/02.md +++ b/ezk/40/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra's day. + # He brought me to rest -"He put me down" - +"He put me down" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/03.md b/ezk/40/03.md index f513198cb3..32e60923a3 100644 --- a/ezk/40/03.md +++ b/ezk/40/03.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. # His appearance was like the appearance of bronze -The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears" # linen cord @@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translatio # linen -This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). +This is a type of cloth. See Ezekiel 9:2. # measuring stick -This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. - +This is a tool for measuring shorter distances. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/04.md b/ezk/40/04.md index 726ed1d6f5..d4b158f63b 100644 --- a/ezk/40/04.md +++ b/ezk/40/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # fix your mind on -This idiom means "pay attention to" or "think about." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"pay attention to" or "think about" # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/05.md b/ezk/40/05.md index 4a89795c42..2634f27b30 100644 --- a/ezk/40/05.md +++ b/ezk/40/05.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth". Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. # a handbreadth -"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"the width of a hand." This was about 8 centimeters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/06.md b/ezk/40/06.md index a967d1bc3b..d8403237a7 100644 --- a/ezk/40/06.md +++ b/ezk/40/06.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # the temple gate that faced east -This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. Alternate translation: "the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard" +"the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple" or "the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard". The gate was part of the wall surrounding the temple area but wasn't part of the temple building itself. # up its steps @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part # in depth -"from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge" - +"from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/07.md b/ezk/40/07.md index 4bb8ea6299..09b73c5041 100644 --- a/ezk/40/07.md +++ b/ezk/40/07.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to prote # five cubits -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 2.7 meters # there were five cubits between any two of the chambers -"the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart" or "there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it" +"the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart" # the chambers @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) # portico -This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/08.md b/ezk/40/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7a5f13614e..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# portico - -This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - -# one stick - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - diff --git a/ezk/40/09.md b/ezk/40/09.md index 3d37188c23..5cde994811 100644 --- a/ezk/40/09.md +++ b/ezk/40/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # the portico of the gate facing the temple -Here "facing the temple" means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: "the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple" +"the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple". Here "facing the temple" means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. # two cubits -about one meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - +about one meter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/10.md b/ezk/40/10.md index fe43c55a37..79eea3581b 100644 --- a/ezk/40/10.md +++ b/ezk/40/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # had the same measurement -"were the same size" - +"were the same size" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/11.md b/ezk/40/11.md index 17f3a2ec73..7197a669ca 100644 --- a/ezk/40/11.md +++ b/ezk/40/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # ten cubits -about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +about 5.4 meters # thirteen cubits -about 7 meters - +about 7 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/12.md b/ezk/40/12.md index 02a3179ddd..86d3a87933 100644 --- a/ezk/40/12.md +++ b/ezk/40/12.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ about 3.2 meters # one cubit -"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" - +"54 centimeters" or "about one-half meter" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/13.md b/ezk/40/13.md index a3e0a8e606..1287289a62 100644 --- a/ezk/40/13.md +++ b/ezk/40/13.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ about 13.5 meters # that of the second -"the entrance of the second chamber" - +"the entrance of the second chamber" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/14.md b/ezk/40/14.md index 0a0739d875..af5a1505c5 100644 --- a/ezk/40/14.md +++ b/ezk/40/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # sixty cubits -about 32 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +about 32 meters # portico -This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/15.md b/ezk/40/15.md index db9d962984..e14cf47355 100644 --- a/ezk/40/15.md +++ b/ezk/40/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # fifty cubits -about 27 meters - +about 27 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/16.md b/ezk/40/16.md index 55d1411888..4ee4f2d34b 100644 --- a/ezk/40/16.md +++ b/ezk/40/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # closed windows -Possible meanings are 1) "closed windows" or 2) "windows with shutters" or 3) "narrow windows." +"closed windows" or "windows with shutters" or "narrow windows" # it was the same for the porches @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "closed windows" or 2) "windows with shutters" or 3) "n # each jamb -jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door - +jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/17.md b/ezk/40/17.md index 51db07a7df..df26fad6c9 100644 --- a/ezk/40/17.md +++ b/ezk/40/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. +There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. # the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer # outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). +See Ezekiel 10:5. # Behold @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ a flat floor that is made out of rocks # with thirty rooms next to the pavement -"and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"and there were 30 rooms all around the pavement" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/18.md b/ezk/40/18.md index 57a92d52dc..8e7143bc26 100644 --- a/ezk/40/18.md +++ b/ezk/40/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # went up to -"went all the way to" - +"went all the way to" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/19.md b/ezk/40/19.md index 5bc9dcdd50..ffbaa325b9 100644 --- a/ezk/40/19.md +++ b/ezk/40/19.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate -The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: "the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate" +"the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate" # one hundred cubits -about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +about 54 meters # the same on the north side -"it was the same on the north side" or "on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits" - +"it was the same on the north side" or "on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/20.md b/ezk/40/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/40/21.md b/ezk/40/21.md index 57b4af68ef..699618e020 100644 --- a/ezk/40/21.md +++ b/ezk/40/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # chambers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). +See Ezekiel 40:7. # portico -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +See Ezekiel 8:16. # measured the same @@ -12,13 +12,8 @@ See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). # fifty cubits -about 27 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +about 27 meters. # twenty-five cubits -about 13.5 meters - +about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/22.md b/ezk/40/22.md index 936400dd1f..b982f5ccc2 100644 --- a/ezk/40/22.md +++ b/ezk/40/22.md @@ -4,13 +4,8 @@ Ezekiel continues to describe the vision of the temple and of the man who looked # Its windows -The word "Its" refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: "The northern gate's windows" - -# chambers - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). +"The northern gate's windows" # corresponded to the gate that faced east -"were like those of the eastern gate" or "were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard" - +"were like those of the eastern gate" or "were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/23.md b/ezk/40/23.md index 72a18baf93..5b1c9354af 100644 --- a/ezk/40/23.md +++ b/ezk/40/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # inner courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +See Ezekiel 8:16. # in front of the gate facing north @@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). "just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard" or "just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate" -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # one hundred cubits -about 54 meters - +about 54 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/24.md b/ezk/40/24.md index 6a66426083..8d49f03800 100644 --- a/ezk/40/24.md +++ b/ezk/40/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # measured the same as the other outer gates -"had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates" - +"had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/25.md b/ezk/40/25.md index 1a850f904f..26b80527ee 100644 --- a/ezk/40/25.md +++ b/ezk/40/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # fifty cubits -about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 27 meters # twenty-five cubits -about 13.5 meters - +about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/26.md b/ezk/40/26.md index 4fe20b23eb..666ca17c1e 100644 --- a/ezk/40/26.md +++ b/ezk/40/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # portico -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md) +See Ezekiel 8:16. # on either side -"on both sides" - +"on both sides" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/27.md b/ezk/40/27.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9e71874eb0..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/27.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -# one hundred cubits - -about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - diff --git a/ezk/40/28.md b/ezk/40/28.md index e2b918419c..741f8180cb 100644 --- a/ezk/40/28.md +++ b/ezk/40/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# inner courtyard - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - # by way of its southern gate -"through its southern gate" - +"through its southern gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/29.md b/ezk/40/29.md index 35503e8a46..9996edc4ff 100644 --- a/ezk/40/29.md +++ b/ezk/40/29.md @@ -1,22 +1,10 @@ # chambers -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md). - -# porticos - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - -# measured the same - -"had the same measurements" - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:7. # fifty cubits -about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 27 meters # twenty-five cubits @@ -24,5 +12,4 @@ about 13.5 meters # five cubits -about 2.7 meters - +about 2.7 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/30.md b/ezk/40/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/40/31.md b/ezk/40/31.md index 99f22d9b06..9d324db264 100644 --- a/ezk/40/31.md +++ b/ezk/40/31.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # with carved palm trees -"and it had carvings of palm trees" - +"and it had carvings of palm trees" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/32.md b/ezk/40/32.md index 8426928965..0a8e9e93d7 100644 --- a/ezk/40/32.md +++ b/ezk/40/32.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # to the inner courtyard by the eastern way -"to the east side of the inner courtyard" - +"to the east side of the inner courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/33.md b/ezk/40/33.md index 1a850f904f..26b80527ee 100644 --- a/ezk/40/33.md +++ b/ezk/40/33.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # fifty cubits -about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 27 meters # twenty-five cubits -about 13.5 meters - +about 13.5 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/34.md b/ezk/40/34.md index cb2a741a1d..3a5e7b7713 100644 --- a/ezk/40/34.md +++ b/ezk/40/34.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Its portico faced the outer courtyard -The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard - +The entrance of its portico was towards the outer courtyard \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/35.md b/ezk/40/35.md deleted file mode 100644 index cf4e9d1e05..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/35.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# measured the same - -"had the same measurements" - diff --git a/ezk/40/36.md b/ezk/40/36.md index 1a850f904f..e14cf47355 100644 --- a/ezk/40/36.md +++ b/ezk/40/36.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # fifty cubits -about 27 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# twenty-five cubits - -about 13.5 meters - +about 27 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/37.md b/ezk/40/37.md index 1d9547c638..3cf8194109 100644 --- a/ezk/40/37.md +++ b/ezk/40/37.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # on either side of it -"on both sides of it" - +"on both sides of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/38.md b/ezk/40/38.md index d086e4b6ed..10d929e14b 100644 --- a/ezk/40/38.md +++ b/ezk/40/38.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # they rinsed the burnt offerings -Possible meanings for "they" are 1) the people who were bringing offerings or 2) the priests who killed the animals. +Possible meanings for "they" are: the people who were bringing offerings or the priests who killed the animals. # the burnt offerings -the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings - +the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/39.md b/ezk/40/39.md index f2668bea7d..2595f543c0 100644 --- a/ezk/40/39.md +++ b/ezk/40/39.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ there were four tables—two on each side of each portico # the burnt offering was slaughtered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they killed the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they killed the burnt offering" or "they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/40.md b/ezk/40/40.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/40.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/40/41.md b/ezk/40/41.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/41.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/40/42.md b/ezk/40/42.md index b7bfb7fda3..f14b98238a 100644 --- a/ezk/40/42.md +++ b/ezk/40/42.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # There were four tables of cut stone -These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone" # of cut stone "that were made out of stone that had been cut" -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # one and a half cubits -about 0.8 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 0.8 meter # one cubit -about one-half meter - +about one-half meter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/43.md b/ezk/40/43.md index d5483188e6..d68ef91e93 100644 --- a/ezk/40/43.md +++ b/ezk/40/43.md @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on # a handbreadth in length -about 8 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 8 centimeters # the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/44.md b/ezk/40/44.md index d2b0d5deba..b0fb8b1e59 100644 --- a/ezk/40/44.md +++ b/ezk/40/44.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This is the inner gate on the north. # one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north -The word "chamber" or "room" is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase "facing south" means that its door is on its south side, and "facing north" means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: "one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/45.md b/ezk/40/45.md index 287f1baf81..9d3d270bb7 100644 --- a/ezk/40/45.md +++ b/ezk/40/45.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # This room facing south -This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: "This room whose door is on its south side" or "This room on the north side of the inner courtyard" +"This room whose door is on its south side" or "This room on the north side of the inner courtyard" # who are on duty in the temple -"who are working in the temple" or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" - +"who are working in the temple" or "who are responsible for guarding the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/46.md b/ezk/40/46.md index dac5100e62..39a60de4ba 100644 --- a/ezk/40/46.md +++ b/ezk/40/46.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The man continues speaking to Ezekiel in the vision. - # The room facing north -This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: "This room whose door is on its north side" or "This room on the south side of the inner courtyard" +"This room whose door is on its north side" or "This room on the south side of the inner courtyard" # the priests on duty at the altar @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of th # come near to Yahweh to serve him -"approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him" - +"approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/47.md b/ezk/40/47.md index 12cd17c183..12ddae8fe8 100644 --- a/ezk/40/47.md +++ b/ezk/40/47.md @@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ "the man measured" -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # one hundred cubits -about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 54 meters # with the altar @@ -16,5 +12,4 @@ about 54 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) # the house -This refers to the temple. - +This refers to the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/48.md b/ezk/40/48.md index 4fc133c421..84731fa7c8 100644 --- a/ezk/40/48.md +++ b/ezk/40/48.md @@ -1,18 +1,6 @@ -# portico - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - -# the house - -this refers to the temple - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - # five cubits -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 2.7 meters # fourteen cubits @@ -20,5 +8,4 @@ about 7.5 meters # three cubits -about 1.6 meters - +about 1.6 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/49.md b/ezk/40/49.md index b4d5fcfb3b..85a6b94f95 100644 --- a/ezk/40/49.md +++ b/ezk/40/49.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ about 6 meters # columns -pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building - +pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/40/intro.md b/ezk/40/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index faf38c3646..0000000000 --- a/ezk/40/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 40 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -#### The new temple and city - -In a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 40:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../39/intro.md) | [>>](../41/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/41/01.md b/ezk/41/01.md index 0fcf7e0b5b..ce6fdfae1b 100644 --- a/ezk/41/01.md +++ b/ezk/41/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The man in Ezekiel's vision ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)) continues to show Ezekiel around the temple. +The man in Ezekiel's vision Ezekiel 40:3 continues to show Ezekiel around the temple. Instructions for the new temple and city continue and focus on the measurements for the construction of the temple to be built. # the temple's holy place @@ -8,13 +8,8 @@ the room in the temple in front of the "most holy place" # six cubits in width on either side -These cubits were the "long" cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "they were six cubits in width on both sides" +"they were six cubits in width on both sides". 54 centimeters. These cubits were the "long" cubits Ezekiel 40:5. # six cubits -about 3.2 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +about 3.2 meters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/02.md b/ezk/41/02.md index d5d85e2a8d..0cc897e47d 100644 --- a/ezk/41/02.md +++ b/ezk/41/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # ten cubits -about 5.4 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 5.4 meters # five cubits -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 2.7 meters # the dimensions @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) # forty cubits -about 22 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 22 meters # twenty cubits -about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +about 11 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/03.md b/ezk/41/03.md index bb4d4d1203..8a757f5cbe 100644 --- a/ezk/41/03.md +++ b/ezk/41/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # two cubits -about 1.1 meter (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 1.1 meter # six cubits -about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +about 3.2 meters # seven cubits -about 3.8 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +about 3.8 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/04.md b/ezk/41/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 948f57e1ed..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# twenty cubits - -about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - diff --git a/ezk/41/05.md b/ezk/41/05.md index cfa3b4fe0c..4c1aa07195 100644 --- a/ezk/41/05.md +++ b/ezk/41/05.md @@ -2,15 +2,6 @@ the temple -# six cubits - -about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - # four cubits -about 2 meters - +about 2 meters \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/06.md b/ezk/41/06.md index 289a934f06..79ec09a055 100644 --- a/ezk/41/06.md +++ b/ezk/41/06.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # There were ledges around the wall of the house -"The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around." This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall. +"The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around". The side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall. # to support @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ # for there was no support put in the wall of the house -"for there were no supports in the wall of the house." The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary. - +"for there were no supports in the wall of the house." The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/07.md b/ezk/41/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/08.md b/ezk/41/08.md index 841fb6a14b..8768efe484 100644 --- a/ezk/41/08.md +++ b/ezk/41/08.md @@ -8,13 +8,4 @@ small rooms # a full stick -Translate "stick" as in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). - -# cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# six cubits - -about 3.2 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +Translate "stick" as in Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/09.md b/ezk/41/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 817711f393..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# five cubits - -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - diff --git a/ezk/41/10.md b/ezk/41/10.md index c16e6c1104..4d5a6589f0 100644 --- a/ezk/41/10.md +++ b/ezk/41/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ # the priests' outer side rooms -"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" - -# twenty cubits - -about 11 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - -# cubits - -See how you translated these "long" cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"the side rooms of the priests that were further out from the sanctuary" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/11.md b/ezk/41/11.md index 4957b9f6ae..7d024e9ffc 100644 --- a/ezk/41/11.md +++ b/ezk/41/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# five cubits - -about 2.7 meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - # The width of this open area was five cubits all around -"The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple" - +"The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/12.md b/ezk/41/12.md index d57b68d9b4..c451dcf834 100644 --- a/ezk/41/12.md +++ b/ezk/41/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width -This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width" +"There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width" # seventy cubits ... five cubits ... ninety cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "70 cubits ... 5 cubits ... 90 cubits" or "about 38 meters ... about 2.7 meters ... about 49 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 38 meters ... about 2.7 meters ... about 49 meters". Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/13.md b/ezk/41/13.md index b50f17930d..ea0832fe00 100644 --- a/ezk/41/13.md +++ b/ezk/41/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # one hundred cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "100 cubits" or "about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 54 meters". See Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/14.md b/ezk/41/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/15.md b/ezk/41/15.md index 3f60b114b4..0f9e60b11c 100644 --- a/ezk/41/15.md +++ b/ezk/41/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # the galleries -"the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. - -# one hundred cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). "100 cubits" or "about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"the balconies." The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go onto the balconies and look down on the main floor of the building. # the portico -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/16.md b/ezk/41/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/17.md b/ezk/41/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/18.md b/ezk/41/18.md index 0a700c5ca3..ec627a35a8 100644 --- a/ezk/41/18.md +++ b/ezk/41/18.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # cherubim -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 9:3. # cherub -This is the singular form of "cherubim." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). - +This is the singular form of "cherubim." See Ezekiel 10:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/19.md b/ezk/41/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/20.md b/ezk/41/20.md index 4718df7c03..1a85a71d06 100644 --- a/ezk/41/20.md +++ b/ezk/41/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the house -"the temple" - +"the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/21.md b/ezk/41/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/22.md b/ezk/41/22.md index 6b54eb7c19..d84eeb1c02 100644 --- a/ezk/41/22.md +++ b/ezk/41/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was -These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words "Their appearance was like the appearance of" in verse 21. Possible meanings of the sentence are 1) as it is translated in the ULB or 2) "The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was." The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were". These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words "Their appearance was like the appearance of" in verse 21. # three cubits ... two cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 1.6 meters ... about 1.1 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 1.6 meters ... about 1.1 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/23.md b/ezk/41/23.md index bf63c8292b..18a55dd935 100644 --- a/ezk/41/23.md +++ b/ezk/41/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place -"The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" - +"The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/24.md b/ezk/41/24.md index 95c0de739c..2d61226d92 100644 --- a/ezk/41/24.md +++ b/ezk/41/24.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # two panels for one door and two panels for the other -"both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts" - +"both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/25.md b/ezk/41/25.md index 435b030ec8..8f6eb45f89 100644 --- a/ezk/41/25.md +++ b/ezk/41/25.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # portico -covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/41/26.md b/ezk/41/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/41/intro.md b/ezk/41/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d35962ebb..0000000000 --- a/ezk/41/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 41 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the measurements for the construction of the temple to be built. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 41:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../40/intro.md) | [>>](../42/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/42/01.md b/ezk/42/01.md index 10047d769f..b37148b92c 100644 --- a/ezk/42/01.md +++ b/ezk/42/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue and focus on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. + # the outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/02.md b/ezk/42/02.md index 3901bb6909..10c5f032bd 100644 --- a/ezk/42/02.md +++ b/ezk/42/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # one hundred cubits ... fifty cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "100 cubits ... 50 cubits" or "about 54 meters ... about 27 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"100 cubits ... 50 cubits" or "about 54 meters ... about 27 meters". Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/03.md b/ezk/42/03.md index 852d139ad4..d1f20a90fb 100644 --- a/ezk/42/03.md +++ b/ezk/42/03.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # twenty cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "20 cubits" or "about 11 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"20 cubits" or "about 11 meters" # Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard -"Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard" or "The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard" +"The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard" # inner courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16. # were open to them @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). # Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard -"Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard" or "The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard" - +"The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/04.md b/ezk/42/04.md index 73c414834c..6b0c026731 100644 --- a/ezk/42/04.md +++ b/ezk/42/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # ten cubits ... one hundred cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "10 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 5.4 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 5.4 meters ... about 54 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/05.md b/ezk/42/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/06.md b/ezk/42/06.md index 111171b798..e0c46753a7 100644 --- a/ezk/42/06.md +++ b/ezk/42/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # smaller in size compared to the rooms -"smaller than the rooms" - +"smaller than the rooms" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/07.md b/ezk/42/07.md index e30ffc8722..6c90cd6e2e 100644 --- a/ezk/42/07.md +++ b/ezk/42/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # fifty cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "50 cubits" or "about 27 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 27 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/08.md b/ezk/42/08.md index d3cb0cf503..7f97a07d8a 100644 --- a/ezk/42/08.md +++ b/ezk/42/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # fifty cubits ... one hundred cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "50 cubits ... 100 cubits" or "about 27 meters ... about 54 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 27 meters ... about 54 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/09.md b/ezk/42/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/10.md b/ezk/42/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/11.md b/ezk/42/11.md index e291f45957..cb9079c4fa 100644 --- a/ezk/42/11.md +++ b/ezk/42/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side -The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/12.md b/ezk/42/12.md index 320b49120e..5011a79ed0 100644 --- a/ezk/42/12.md +++ b/ezk/42/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # at its head -"at its beginning" - +"at its beginning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/13.md b/ezk/42/13.md index f4fd9596d5..0d8eabfa59 100644 --- a/ezk/42/13.md +++ b/ezk/42/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the food offering -the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God - +the grain or flour that the people offered to show that they were thankful to God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/14.md b/ezk/42/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/15.md b/ezk/42/15.md index bbe4cc434f..7e98d654b6 100644 --- a/ezk/42/15.md +++ b/ezk/42/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # to the gate that faced the east -"out to the east gate" or "out through the east gate" - +"out to the east gate" or "out through the east gate" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/16.md b/ezk/42/16.md index aea35d825a..427305a116 100644 --- a/ezk/42/16.md +++ b/ezk/42/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # He measured -The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze ([Ezekiel 40:3](../40/03.md)). +The word "he" refers to the man who looked like bronze. See Ezekiel 40:3. # measuring stick -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:5. # five hundred cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 270 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/17.md b/ezk/42/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/18.md b/ezk/42/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/19.md b/ezk/42/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/42/20.md b/ezk/42/20.md index c5bd6ce653..e2eaebb144 100644 --- a/ezk/42/20.md +++ b/ezk/42/20.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # five hundred cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "500 cubits" or "about 270 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 270 meters" # profane -not holy - +not holy \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/42/intro.md b/ezk/42/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 61c768061c..0000000000 --- a/ezk/42/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 42 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 42:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../41/intro.md) | [>>](../43/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/43/01.md b/ezk/43/01.md index d778b3d918..c95a367059 100644 --- a/ezk/43/01.md +++ b/ezk/43/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -This page has intentionally been left blank. - +Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/02.md b/ezk/43/02.md index f4a36137e6..83c50b5420 100644 --- a/ezk/43/02.md +++ b/ezk/43/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Behold! -The word "Behold" here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. +This word alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. # many waters -This simply means "a lot of water." It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). +"a lot of water". See Ezekiel 1:24. It could refer to a loud river or large waterfall or waves crashing at the ocean. # the earth shone with his glory -"the earth was full of bright light from his glory" - +"the earth was full of bright light from his glory" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/03.md b/ezk/43/03.md index 32f18b7967..3e6b36fba9 100644 --- a/ezk/43/03.md +++ b/ezk/43/03.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ # It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city -Possible meanings are 1) the second phrase beginning with "according to" explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with "according to." Alternate translation: "It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" or 2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God's glory. Alternate translation: "The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" +"It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" or "The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" # according to the appearance of the vision -The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "just like what appeared in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"just like what appeared in the vision" # according to the vision @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translatio # when he had come to destroy the city -"when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city." If the earlier Hebrew reading "when I had come to destroy the city" is used, then "destroy the city" is a synecdoche for "prophesy that the city will be destroyed." Alternate translation: "when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed" or "when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed" or "when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/04.md b/ezk/43/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/43/05.md b/ezk/43/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 410e015433..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# Behold - -Your language may have a different word to show that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. - diff --git a/ezk/43/06.md b/ezk/43/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/43/07.md b/ezk/43/07.md index d62f137a30..9f29373254 100644 --- a/ezk/43/07.md +++ b/ezk/43/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the corpses of their kings -The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. Alternate translation: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/08.md b/ezk/43/08.md index 06219ebc98..558a78c938 100644 --- a/ezk/43/08.md +++ b/ezk/43/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # disgusting practices -"the disgusting things they did." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). +"the disgusting things they did". God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See Ezekiel 5:9. # consumed them with my anger -The phrase "consumed" here means "completely destroyed." Alternate translation: "completely destroyed them because I was angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"completely destroyed them because I was angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/09.md b/ezk/43/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 000cc88a6b..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the corpses of their kings - -The idols that the people's kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](../43/07.md). Alternate translation: "the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/ezk/43/10.md b/ezk/43/10.md index 14495f31d9..c13b9f1ba0 100644 --- a/ezk/43/10.md +++ b/ezk/43/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this description -"this pattern" or "this plan" - +"this pattern" or "this plan" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/11.md b/ezk/43/11.md index fa726efe01..4ae4d36f88 100644 --- a/ezk/43/11.md +++ b/ezk/43/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # before their eyes -Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"before the Israelite people". See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:6. # will keep to all its design -"will keep its pattern" - +"will keep its pattern" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/12.md b/ezk/43/12.md index d1bf8db097..466d02fea2 100644 --- a/ezk/43/12.md +++ b/ezk/43/12.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # the surrounding border -The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. +This probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the temple. # most holy @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The word "border" probably refers to the wall that goes all the way around the t # Behold! -"This is important!" Your language may have a way of indicating that the words that follow are important. - +"This is important!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/13.md b/ezk/43/13.md index 9e1036ec0d..c267f5d64f 100644 --- a/ezk/43/13.md +++ b/ezk/43/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a cubit -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 54 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 54 centimeters". Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. Ezekiel 40:5. # The border around its surrounding edge @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this i # one span -A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. Alternate translation: "about 23 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 23 centimeters" # This will be the base of the altar @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you # the base of the altar -"the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar" - +"the bottom supporting the altar" or "the foundation of the altar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/14.md b/ezk/43/14.md index 16e6321737..8904b47e1f 100644 --- a/ezk/43/14.md +++ b/ezk/43/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # two cubits ... four cubits -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 1.1 meters ... about 2.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 1.1 meters ... about 2.2 meters" # ledge -a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall - +a narrow and flat surface that sticks out from a wall \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/15.md b/ezk/43/15.md index db1f9de2ca..baa64dbafc 100644 --- a/ezk/43/15.md +++ b/ezk/43/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ the place where sacrifices were either cooked or burnt up with fire # four cubits -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 2.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 2.2 meters" # horns -The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. - +The horns were at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/16.md b/ezk/43/16.md index 0720484a1b..11a54ee9ba 100644 --- a/ezk/43/16.md +++ b/ezk/43/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # twelve cubits -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 2.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 2.2 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/17.md b/ezk/43/17.md index 953d125a52..af24dbd2c4 100644 --- a/ezk/43/17.md +++ b/ezk/43/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # fourteen cubits ... a half cubit ... a cubit -Each "long cubit" was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of "cubits" as the UDB does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 7.6 meters ... about 27 centimeters ... about 54 centimeters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 7.6 meters ... about 27 centimeters ... about 54 centimeters" # with its steps facing east -"with steps on the east side of the altar" or "and the altar's steps are on its east side" - +"with steps on the east side of the altar" or "and the altar's steps are on its east side" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/18.md b/ezk/43/18.md index 349ec7ffbf..30425bd4fd 100644 --- a/ezk/43/18.md +++ b/ezk/43/18.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. See Ezekiel 2:1. # the regulations -"the rules" or "the instructions" - +"the rules" or "the instructions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/19.md b/ezk/43/19.md index e3e6a5c298..3c80942093 100644 --- a/ezk/43/19.md +++ b/ezk/43/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # You will -The word "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The word "you" is singular. # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/20.md b/ezk/43/20.md index 22a8228a5c..9532aed819 100644 --- a/ezk/43/20.md +++ b/ezk/43/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Then you will take -The word "you" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - -# four horns - -The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:15](../43/15.md). - +The word "you" is singular. See Ezekiel 43:19. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/21.md b/ezk/43/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/43/22.md b/ezk/43/22.md index 4045504a54..2e1bb40fb8 100644 --- a/ezk/43/22.md +++ b/ezk/43/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # you will offer -The word "you" and the command refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +The word "you" and the command refer to Ezekiel and are singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/23.md b/ezk/43/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8b197d8dae..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# you finish ... offer - -All instances of "you" and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - diff --git a/ezk/43/24.md b/ezk/43/24.md index bd985da4ac..8d9fc44966 100644 --- a/ezk/43/24.md +++ b/ezk/43/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Offer them before Yahweh -The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells. - +The altar on which they sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/25.md b/ezk/43/25.md index ed5fe3ee19..6f87174862 100644 --- a/ezk/43/25.md +++ b/ezk/43/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # You must prepare -This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word "You" is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +This is spoken to Ezekiel, so the word "You" is singular. See Ezekiel 43:19. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/26.md b/ezk/43/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/43/27.md b/ezk/43/27.md index b94b558b3e..18a34178a8 100644 --- a/ezk/43/27.md +++ b/ezk/43/27.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # it will come about that -This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. +This phrase marks an important part of the instructions. # your burnt offerings ... your peace offerings ... accept you -The words "your" and "you" are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The words "your" and "you" are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. # will accept you -"will gladly receive you" - +"will gladly receive you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/43/intro.md b/ezk/43/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index ddcd94343a..0000000000 --- a/ezk/43/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 43 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 43:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../42/intro.md) | [>>](../44/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/44/01.md b/ezk/44/01.md index 08e188d6d9..87865efe21 100644 --- a/ezk/44/01.md +++ b/ezk/44/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. + # to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east -"to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple" - +"to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/02.md b/ezk/44/02.md index 1dbb2bfa7c..abab72c52e 100644 --- a/ezk/44/02.md +++ b/ezk/44/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # it will not be opened -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will open it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"no one will open it" # the God of Israel -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4](../08/04.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:4. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/03.md b/ezk/44/03.md index e3d2611d81..d60522a49d 100644 --- a/ezk/44/03.md +++ b/ezk/44/03.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of # portico -covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +A covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See Ezekiel 8:16. # before Yahweh -"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" - +"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/04.md b/ezk/44/04.md index bbea528c6d..57c68d8b83 100644 --- a/ezk/44/04.md +++ b/ezk/44/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Then he -Possible meanings are 1) "Then the man" or 2) "Then Yahweh." +"Then the man" or "Then Yahweh." # behold -The word "behold" here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. +The word "behold" shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. # the glory of Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 1:28. # I fell to my face -"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I bowed down to the ground" or "I lay on the ground." Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See Ezekiel 1:28. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/05.md b/ezk/44/05.md index 79c68b7897..697d2e2f00 100644 --- a/ezk/44/05.md +++ b/ezk/44/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # set your heart -"pay attention to" or "think about." Translate as you translated "fix your mind on" in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"pay attention to" or "think about". Translate as you translated "fix your mind on" in Ezekiel 40:4. # all its laws -"all the instructions about the house of Yahweh" - +"all the instructions about the house of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/06.md b/ezk/44/06.md index 84a3f89323..7ad63662d2 100644 --- a/ezk/44/06.md +++ b/ezk/44/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. # Let all of your disgusting practices be enough for you @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this ca # disgusting practices -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). - +See Ezekiel 5:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/07.md b/ezk/44/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/08.md b/ezk/44/08.md index da433ba3bc..bf4dd2d023 100644 --- a/ezk/44/08.md +++ b/ezk/44/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/09.md b/ezk/44/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/10.md b/ezk/44/10.md index 834f473cc2..a6d3a08728 100644 --- a/ezk/44/10.md +++ b/ezk/44/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - # went far from me ... wandered away from me, going after their idols -The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: "stopped worshiping me ... stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"stopped worshiping me ... stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/11.md b/ezk/44/11.md index 99e161e63f..2f9d81f237 100644 --- a/ezk/44/11.md +++ b/ezk/44/11.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # they will stand before the people and serve them -"these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" - +"these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/12.md b/ezk/44/12.md index 138a8dad06..ce68d98707 100644 --- a/ezk/44/12.md +++ b/ezk/44/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel -A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. Alternate translation: "became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" # I will lift up my hand to swear an oath -In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: "I will solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"I will solemnly swear". A person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See Ezekiel 20:6. # against them @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. # they will bear their punishment -The abstract noun "punishment" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will certainly punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will certainly punish them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/13.md b/ezk/44/13.md index 083bc48eb6..b9961a2a08 100644 --- a/ezk/44/13.md +++ b/ezk/44/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - # They -Here "They" refers to the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md)). +Here "They" refers to the Levites See Ezekiel 44:10. # They will not come near @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Here "They" refers to the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md)). # will bear their shame and their disgusting practices -"will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them for the disgusting practices" or "will be ashamed of the their disgusting practices" +"will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them for the disgusting practices" # disgusting practices -"the disgusting things." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated "disgusting practices" in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md). - +"the disgusting things." God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See Ezekiel 5:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/14.md b/ezk/44/14.md index b78b4647df..41b682419c 100644 --- a/ezk/44/14.md +++ b/ezk/44/14.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ people who guard or take care of something # that is done in it -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that they need to do in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"that they need to do in it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/15.md b/ezk/44/15.md index aea0f836fc..9dd0274c1f 100644 --- a/ezk/44/15.md +++ b/ezk/44/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - # and the descendants of Zadok who fulfilled -"who are descendants of Zadok and who fulfilled" - +"who are descendants of Zadok and who fulfilled" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/16.md b/ezk/44/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/17.md b/ezk/44/17.md index 822cd61011..53e14ac132 100644 --- a/ezk/44/17.md +++ b/ezk/44/17.md @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the des # the inner courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 8:16. # linen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). +See Ezekiel 9:2. # wool -cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep - +cloth or clothing made of the soft hair of sheep \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/18.md b/ezk/44/18.md index 68f5673749..85cc367015 100644 --- a/ezk/44/18.md +++ b/ezk/44/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # turbans -A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. - +A turban is a head covering that is that is made of a long cloth wrapped around the head. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/19.md b/ezk/44/19.md index 9391393c67..df4131e8b6 100644 --- a/ezk/44/19.md +++ b/ezk/44/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about how the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests are to do their duties. - # outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/20.md b/ezk/44/20.md index 5808ea6dcd..0694714f2a 100644 --- a/ezk/44/20.md +++ b/ezk/44/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. - # must trim the hair of their heads -must keep their hair neat - +must keep their hair neat \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/21.md b/ezk/44/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/22.md b/ezk/44/22.md index 2615d49b98..3eeba1566f 100644 --- a/ezk/44/22.md +++ b/ezk/44/22.md @@ -4,9 +4,4 @@ a woman whose husband has died # from the line of the house of Israel -"who is a descendant of the people of Israel" - -# the house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"who is a descendant of the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/23.md b/ezk/44/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index 079717cef4..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. - diff --git a/ezk/44/24.md b/ezk/44/24.md index 3f68eb0a9e..9d65dc68a4 100644 --- a/ezk/44/24.md +++ b/ezk/44/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees -"When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws" - +"When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/25.md b/ezk/44/25.md deleted file mode 100644 index 079717cef4..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/25.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. - diff --git a/ezk/44/26.md b/ezk/44/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/27.md b/ezk/44/27.md index 98d6da6d45..2dacc7a728 100644 --- a/ezk/44/27.md +++ b/ezk/44/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/28.md b/ezk/44/28.md index 540fc3347a..e4c6a72d8c 100644 --- a/ezk/44/28.md +++ b/ezk/44/28.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the des # you -The word "you" refers to the people of Israel and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pronouns]]) +This refers to the people of Israel and is plural. # property @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family # in Israel -"in the land of Israel" - +"in the land of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/29.md b/ezk/44/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/44/30.md b/ezk/44/30.md index 1ac7ba414e..e96ff1f021 100644 --- a/ezk/44/30.md +++ b/ezk/44/30.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel about the descendants of Zadok who serve as priests. - # every contribution, anything from all of your contributions "every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts" or "all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts" # so that blessing may rest on your house -This phrase means "so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/31.md b/ezk/44/31.md index 103d8595d4..016a958794 100644 --- a/ezk/44/31.md +++ b/ezk/44/31.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # or animal torn by a wild animal, whether bird or beast -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/44/intro.md b/ezk/44/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b69129180..0000000000 --- a/ezk/44/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 44 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 44:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../43/intro.md) | [>>](../45/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/45/01.md b/ezk/45/01.md index 7bd8af6ce0..d38ae5f002 100644 --- a/ezk/45/01.md +++ b/ezk/45/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. Instructions for the new temple and city continue. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. # twenty-five thousand cubits in length ... ten thousand cubits in width -Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits long ... 10,000 cubits wide" or "about 13.5 kilometers long ... about 5.4 kilometers wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 13.5 kilometers long ... about 5.4 kilometers wide". Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See Ezekiel 40:5. # all its area round about -"all of the area inside of the borders around it" - +"all of the area inside of the borders around it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/02.md b/ezk/45/02.md index ef4840c851..eb67b6c27b 100644 --- a/ezk/45/02.md +++ b/ezk/45/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # five hundred cubits ... fifty cubits in width -Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: "500 cubits ... 50 cubits wide" or "about 270 meters ... about 27 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 270 meters ... about 27 meters wide" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/03.md b/ezk/45/03.md index 73a7007fea..30977f827f 100644 --- a/ezk/45/03.md +++ b/ezk/45/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - # this area the temple and the border surrounding it @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ the temple and the border surrounding it # twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers ... about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 13.5 kilometers ... about 5.4 kilometers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/04.md b/ezk/45/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/45/05.md b/ezk/45/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/45/06.md b/ezk/45/06.md index 8395a73ddd..905b26bb56 100644 --- a/ezk/45/06.md +++ b/ezk/45/06.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. # five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "5,000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits" or "about 2.7 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"about 2.7 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" # reserved for the holy place -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that you gave for the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"that you gave for the holy place" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/07.md b/ezk/45/07.md index 26ab7f1893..a859a5269b 100644 --- a/ezk/45/07.md +++ b/ezk/45/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions -It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes" # from the west to the east -It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. "from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River" - +"from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/08.md b/ezk/45/08.md index f7788a3811..75d8ed1e70 100644 --- a/ezk/45/08.md +++ b/ezk/45/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. - # This land will be property for the prince in Israel -"This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" - +"This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/09.md b/ezk/45/09.md index ee8fe00efd..b77285b0c8 100644 --- a/ezk/45/09.md +++ b/ezk/45/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. # It is enough for you -"You have done too many bad things" or "You have been acting badly for far too long" - +"You have done too many bad things" or "You have been acting badly for far too long" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/10.md b/ezk/45/10.md index 071c5e69e3..97fe54bc92 100644 --- a/ezk/45/10.md +++ b/ezk/45/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # scales -instruments that were used to weigh things that people sold or bought - +instruments that were used to weigh things that people sold or bought \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/11.md b/ezk/45/11.md index 29cd0280ab..a689fd5ac5 100644 --- a/ezk/45/11.md +++ b/ezk/45/11.md @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ # The ephah and the bath -An ephah and a bath are measurments that are equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) + +An ephah and a bath are measurments that are equal to about 22 liters. # so that a bath will be a tenth of a homer @@ -7,5 +8,4 @@ An ephah and a bath are measurments that are equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[r # homer -A homer is equal to about 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) - +A homer is equal to about 220 liters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/12.md b/ezk/45/12.md index b98e47c6e4..9cfbdbd6ed 100644 --- a/ezk/45/12.md +++ b/ezk/45/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # shekel -about 11 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bweight]]) +about 11 grams # gerahs -about 0.55 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bweight]]) +about 0.55 grams # mina -about 660 grams (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bweight]]) - +about 660 grams \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/13.md b/ezk/45/13.md index 68766c1446..db2bbda47c 100644 --- a/ezk/45/13.md +++ b/ezk/45/13.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. # for every homer of wheat -It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"for every homer of wheat from the harvest" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/14.md b/ezk/45/14.md index 45cf11bb60..d9ee7ddff3 100644 --- a/ezk/45/14.md +++ b/ezk/45/14.md @@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ "You must offer one tenth of a bath of oil" # bath -This equals about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +This equals about 22 liters. # cor -This equals about 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +This equals about 220 liters. # homer -This equals about 220 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) - +This equals about 220 liters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/15.md b/ezk/45/15.md index dc12d64c66..c2ccf26ee6 100644 --- a/ezk/45/15.md +++ b/ezk/45/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # These will be used for the grain offerings, the burnt offerings, and the peace offerings -The word "These" refers to the items listed in verses 13 through 15. Alternate translation: "The wheat or barley and the oil will be used for the grain offerings, and the sheep or goats will be used for the burnt offerings and the peace offerings" +"The wheat or barley and the oil will be used for the grain offerings, and the sheep or goats will be used for the burnt offerings and the peace offerings". # will be used for -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will use for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"you will use for" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/16.md b/ezk/45/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 021d79f48f..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - diff --git a/ezk/45/17.md b/ezk/45/17.md index 4ec31e63cd..eaf1669f08 100644 --- a/ezk/45/17.md +++ b/ezk/45/17.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ the festivals that happen at the same time every year or month or week # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: "the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the Israelites" or "the Israelite people group". See Ezekiel 3:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/18.md b/ezk/45/18.md index e466748674..eb97fcf198 100644 --- a/ezk/45/18.md +++ b/ezk/45/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # The Lord Yahweh says this -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I, the Lord Yahweh, say this". Yahweh speaks of himself to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See Ezekiel 6:11. # In the first month, on the first day of the month -This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. # you will take -The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +The word "you" is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/19.md b/ezk/45/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/45/20.md b/ezk/45/20.md index 331f19d6c1..83272c6bf4 100644 --- a/ezk/45/20.md +++ b/ezk/45/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # on the seventh of the month -"on the seventh day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on the seventh day of the first month" # for each person's sin by accident or ignorance -"for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning" or "for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right" - +"for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/21.md b/ezk/45/21.md index 15da29e3d9..b6ae2f0ce1 100644 --- a/ezk/45/21.md +++ b/ezk/45/21.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month -This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. # for you -The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +The word "you" is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/22.md b/ezk/45/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/45/23.md b/ezk/45/23.md index 3a14765f5b..60d39c4d47 100644 --- a/ezk/45/23.md +++ b/ezk/45/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # Seven bulls and seven unblemished rams -"Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" - +"Seven bulls and seven rams that are completely healthy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/24.md b/ezk/45/24.md index a2d74ddf8c..582da5acac 100644 --- a/ezk/45/24.md +++ b/ezk/45/24.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ This is also called a "grain offering." # an ephah -You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +"twenty-two liters" # a hin -You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "four liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +"four liters" # each ephah -You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "each twenty-two liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) - +"each twenty-two liters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/25.md b/ezk/45/25.md index 5824ef0aaf..ea06aa3ccd 100644 --- a/ezk/45/25.md +++ b/ezk/45/25.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month -This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. # at the festival -This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before. - +This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/45/intro.md b/ezk/45/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index b85be3ab42..0000000000 --- a/ezk/45/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 45 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 45:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../44/intro.md) | [>>](../46/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/46/01.md b/ezk/46/01.md index 89e2da3a54..46aec41d92 100644 --- a/ezk/46/01.md +++ b/ezk/46/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. Instructions for the new temple and city continue and focus on many of the temple's rules. # The Lord Yahweh says this -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I, the Lord Yahweh, say this". Yahweh speaks of himself to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See Ezekiel 6:11. # The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he i # inner courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +See Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/02.md b/ezk/46/02.md index 1426840fab..6e2fc5b43d 100644 --- a/ezk/46/02.md +++ b/ezk/46/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # inner gate -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/19.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 40:19. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/03.md b/ezk/46/03.md index 9150006296..a3e7a5d139 100644 --- a/ezk/46/03.md +++ b/ezk/46/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # before Yahweh -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/24.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 43:24. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/04.md b/ezk/46/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/05.md b/ezk/46/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/06.md b/ezk/46/06.md index 4c99e319e3..2ed01a90a9 100644 --- a/ezk/46/06.md +++ b/ezk/46/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - # unblemished -perfectly healthy and normal - +perfectly healthy and normal \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/07.md b/ezk/46/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/08.md b/ezk/46/08.md index f12de33d31..445449b858 100644 --- a/ezk/46/08.md +++ b/ezk/46/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # portico -covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). - +covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See Ezekiel 8:16. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/09.md b/ezk/46/09.md index 8b65af373b..2bd23919f1 100644 --- a/ezk/46/09.md +++ b/ezk/46/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # before Yahweh -"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh." See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/03.md). +"in front of Yahweh" or "in the presence of Yahweh." See Ezekiel 44:3. # appointed festivals -Translate as you translated "appointed feasts" in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md). - +Translate as you did in Ezekiel 36:37. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/10.md b/ezk/46/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/11.md b/ezk/46/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/12.md b/ezk/46/12.md index b7935ff951..6d40ae7f68 100644 --- a/ezk/46/12.md +++ b/ezk/46/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the gate facing east will be opened for him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Levites will open the gate facing east for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the Levites will open the gate facing east for him" # the gate facing east -"the eastern gate" or "the gate on the east side of the courtyard" - +"the eastern gate" or "the gate on the east side of the courtyard" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/13.md b/ezk/46/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 021d79f48f..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the princes of Israel. - diff --git a/ezk/46/14.md b/ezk/46/14.md index 0b55a66cae..6203778bb3 100644 --- a/ezk/46/14.md +++ b/ezk/46/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # to moisten -"which will soak" - +"which will soak" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/15.md b/ezk/46/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/16.md b/ezk/46/16.md index b788592ab4..622db0a6ba 100644 --- a/ezk/46/16.md +++ b/ezk/46/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The Lord Yahweh says this -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: "I, the Lord Yahweh, say this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"I, the Lord Yahweh, say this". Yahweh speaks of himself to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See Ezekiel 6:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/17.md b/ezk/46/17.md index 3ac96778b5..abfe44e26f 100644 --- a/ezk/46/17.md +++ b/ezk/46/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # year of liberty -This is the year that a servant gains freedom. This is also called the "Year of Jubilee." - +"Year of Jubilee". This is the year that a servant gains freedom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/18.md b/ezk/46/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/19.md b/ezk/46/19.md index 2f6b8b26f5..402d0c8e8c 100644 --- a/ezk/46/19.md +++ b/ezk/46/19.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # behold! -Ezekiel saw something interesting. - +Ezekiel saw something interesting. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/20.md b/ezk/46/20.md index 754c7a7d09..df4131e8b6 100644 --- a/ezk/46/20.md +++ b/ezk/46/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # outer courtyard -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 10:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/21.md b/ezk/46/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index 754c7a7d09..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# outer courtyard - -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md). - diff --git a/ezk/46/22.md b/ezk/46/22.md index 87ff4512f3..973a2199ab 100644 --- a/ezk/46/22.md +++ b/ezk/46/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # forty cubits ... thirty -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "40 cubits ... 30 cubits" or "about 21.6 meters ... about 16.2 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 21.6 meters ... about 16.2 meters". Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/23.md b/ezk/46/23.md index bdcb00f91c..f2dbcc1736 100644 --- a/ezk/46/23.md +++ b/ezk/46/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # cooking hearths -places where people can build fire and cook food - +places where people can build fire and cook food \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/46/24.md b/ezk/46/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/46/intro.md b/ezk/46/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 30b83397b5..0000000000 --- a/ezk/46/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 46 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple's rules. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 46:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../45/intro.md) | [>>](../47/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/47/01.md b/ezk/47/01.md index 9c526491b1..895d389c50 100644 --- a/ezk/47/01.md +++ b/ezk/47/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. + # to the right of the altar -This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. Alternate translation: "on the south side of the altar" - +"on the south side of the altar". The right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/02.md b/ezk/47/02.md index 00677abeda..811972a26a 100644 --- a/ezk/47/02.md +++ b/ezk/47/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the gate facing east -"the eastern gate" or "the eastern gate of the outer wall" - +"the eastern gate" or "the eastern gate of the outer wall" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/03.md b/ezk/47/03.md index 37334355ce..5d54693030 100644 --- a/ezk/47/03.md +++ b/ezk/47/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances # one thousand cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: "1,000 cubits" or "about 540 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 540 meters". Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/04.md b/ezk/47/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/05.md b/ezk/47/05.md index c6c3b5d674..094a111873 100644 --- a/ezk/47/05.md +++ b/ezk/47/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # a river that could not be crossed -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "a river that no one could cross on foot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"a river that no one could cross on foot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/06.md b/ezk/47/06.md index 8a07fd0aa0..36d88759a6 100644 --- a/ezk/47/06.md +++ b/ezk/47/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Son of man -"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: "Mortal person" or "Human" +"Son of a human being" or "Son of humanity." God emphasizes that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful. Ezekiel 2:1. # do you see this? -Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: "think about this." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"think about this". Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See Ezekiel 8:15. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/07.md b/ezk/47/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/08.md b/ezk/47/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/09.md b/ezk/47/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/10.md b/ezk/47/10.md index 1a87a63848..284699ae0e 100644 --- a/ezk/47/10.md +++ b/ezk/47/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Then it will happen -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/07.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:7. # En Gedi -This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. # a place to dry out the fishing nets @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ This is the name of a very large spring on the western side of the Salt Sea. (Se # En Eglaim -This is the name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +The name of a large spring on the eastern side of the Salt Sea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/11.md b/ezk/47/11.md index c469592931..ad67124c11 100644 --- a/ezk/47/11.md +++ b/ezk/47/11.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ places with shallow water and trees growing in deep mud # marshes -places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud - +places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/12.md b/ezk/47/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/13.md b/ezk/47/13.md index a78f77f635..cec0579fae 100644 --- a/ezk/47/13.md +++ b/ezk/47/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Joseph will have two portions -The person is a metonym for his descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/14.md b/ezk/47/14.md index 08cfb7d7c3..1010bd0c6d 100644 --- a/ezk/47/14.md +++ b/ezk/47/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I lifted up my hand and swore -In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +A person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/15.md b/ezk/47/15.md index 323af60b80..5c3b4f3f25 100644 --- a/ezk/47/15.md +++ b/ezk/47/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ the end of an area of land # Hethlon ... Zedad -These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are the names of towns. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/16.md b/ezk/47/16.md index f4788523c7..5590d7f721 100644 --- a/ezk/47/16.md +++ b/ezk/47/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Berothah ... Sibraim ... Hazer Hattikon ... Hauran -These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are the names of towns. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/17.md b/ezk/47/17.md index 887492cb7b..990a04bccb 100644 --- a/ezk/47/17.md +++ b/ezk/47/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Hazar Enan -the name of a town (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +the name of a town # border -where two areas of land meet - +where two areas of land meet \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/18.md b/ezk/47/18.md index 908983b04e..fea6672041 100644 --- a/ezk/47/18.md +++ b/ezk/47/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Hauran -This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/19.md b/ezk/47/19.md index 47a4619685..f0f0210c05 100644 --- a/ezk/47/19.md +++ b/ezk/47/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh -These are the names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of towns. # the brook of Egypt -a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai - +a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/20.md b/ezk/47/20.md index 2a5bb1d9fd..31a4cd77b3 100644 --- a/ezk/47/20.md +++ b/ezk/47/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Hamath -This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a town. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/21.md b/ezk/47/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/22.md b/ezk/47/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/47/23.md b/ezk/47/23.md index 4178dec9e0..291b4e7546 100644 --- a/ezk/47/23.md +++ b/ezk/47/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Then it will happen that -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:7](../21/07.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 21:7. # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/47/intro.md b/ezk/47/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 51a3c5f050..0000000000 --- a/ezk/47/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 47 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 47:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../46/intro.md) | [>>](../48/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/ezk/48/01.md b/ezk/48/01.md index 0434024b92..af06d2eccc 100644 --- a/ezk/48/01.md +++ b/ezk/48/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +Instructions for the new temple and city continue and there is more dividing of the land between the tribes. + # one portion of land "one piece of the land that you will distribute" @@ -8,13 +12,12 @@ # Hethlon -This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15](../47/15.md). +This is the name of a town. See Ezekiel 47:15. # Lebo Hamath -This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:15](../47/15.md) or [Ezekiel 47:20](../47/20.md) +This is the name of a town. See Ezekiel 47:15. # Hazar Enan -This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:17](../47/17.md). - +This is the name of a town. See Ezekiel 47:17. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/02.md b/ezk/48/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/03.md b/ezk/48/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/04.md b/ezk/48/04.md index 4b482e096f..cae68b8869 100644 --- a/ezk/48/04.md +++ b/ezk/48/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# one portion - -Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](../48/01.md). - # from the east side to the west -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:3](../48/03.md). - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 48:3. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/05.md b/ezk/48/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/06.md b/ezk/48/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/07.md b/ezk/48/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/08.md b/ezk/48/08.md index 7d733114cf..227e25dbd4 100644 --- a/ezk/48/08.md +++ b/ezk/48/08.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. # twenty-five thousand cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"13.5 kilometers". Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See Ezekiel 40:5. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/09.md b/ezk/48/09.md index cc49b34716..94d833b624 100644 --- a/ezk/48/09.md +++ b/ezk/48/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/10.md b/ezk/48/10.md index 35f58e7533..f89390a0fe 100644 --- a/ezk/48/10.md +++ b/ezk/48/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # The priests will have land assigned to them -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/11.md b/ezk/48/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/12.md b/ezk/48/12.md index 6099d1952c..16b14ddc14 100644 --- a/ezk/48/12.md +++ b/ezk/48/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land -"This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land" - +"This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/13.md b/ezk/48/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc49b34716..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# twenty-five thousand cubits ... ten thousand cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits ... 10,000 cubits" or "13.5 kilometers ... 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - diff --git a/ezk/48/14.md b/ezk/48/14.md index ce14587cf8..6d6b53cdf7 100644 --- a/ezk/48/14.md +++ b/ezk/48/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this firstfruits -"this land which is the firstfruits." Here "firstfruits" probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh's use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"this land which is the firstfruits." This probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh's use. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/15.md b/ezk/48/15.md index 5a1eeb7d50..863527ee0f 100644 --- a/ezk/48/15.md +++ b/ezk/48/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # five thousand cubits ... twenty-five thousand cubits -"5000 cubits ... 25,000 cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "almost 2.3 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) +"almost 2.3 kilometers ... about 13.5 kilometers" # will be for the collective use of the city @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # the houses, and the pastureland -"as a place for houses and for an open space" - +"as a place for houses and for an open space" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/16.md b/ezk/48/16.md index 27be18b5e3..80ee9764ae 100644 --- a/ezk/48/16.md +++ b/ezk/48/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # 4,500 cubits -"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 2.4 kilometers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/17.md b/ezk/48/17.md index a20b7e02c5..f7fc229b80 100644 --- a/ezk/48/17.md +++ b/ezk/48/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # 250 cubits -"two hundred and fifty cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 135 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 135 meters" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/18.md b/ezk/48/18.md index 2acb8f7e34..de8133104f 100644 --- a/ezk/48/18.md +++ b/ezk/48/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# ten thousand cubits - -"10,000 cubits." A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 5.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - # its produce -"the food that grows there" - +"the food that grows there" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/19.md b/ezk/48/19.md index c3c0df7c18..b6a94ade3b 100644 --- a/ezk/48/19.md +++ b/ezk/48/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. - +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/20.md b/ezk/48/20.md index e77d812816..e9f5d7f514 100644 --- a/ezk/48/20.md +++ b/ezk/48/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# twenty-five thousand cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - # In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. "You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city" # you -This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. # the holy offering -the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple - +the land that the people of Israel gave to Yahweh for the Levites, the priests, and the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/21.md b/ezk/48/21.md index a03e0b39ed..cb2e28550e 100644 --- a/ezk/48/21.md +++ b/ezk/48/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # the holy offering -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 48:18](../48/18.md). - -# twenty-five thousand cubits - -Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "25,000 cubits" or "about 13.5 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 48:18. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/22.md b/ezk/48/22.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/22.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/23.md b/ezk/48/23.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a2a0384a7..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/23.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# one portion - -Translate as you translated "one portion of land" in [Ezekiel 48:1](../48/01.md). - diff --git a/ezk/48/24.md b/ezk/48/24.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/24.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/25.md b/ezk/48/25.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/25.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/26.md b/ezk/48/26.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/26.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/27.md b/ezk/48/27.md index c3c0df7c18..b6a94ade3b 100644 --- a/ezk/48/27.md +++ b/ezk/48/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. - +Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the people of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/28.md b/ezk/48/28.md index 848e93fda7..b81be70c95 100644 --- a/ezk/48/28.md +++ b/ezk/48/28.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Tamar ... Meribah Kadesh -names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Names of towns. See Ezekiel 47:19. # the brook of Egypt -a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +A very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See Ezekiel 47:19. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/29.md b/ezk/48/29.md index 43c06a78df..ea0bc6b76a 100644 --- a/ezk/48/29.md +++ b/ezk/48/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # you -This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +This is plural and refers to the people of Israel. # cast lots -See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 45:1](../45/01.md). +See how you translated this in Ezekiel 45:1. # This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: "This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared" or "This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/30.md b/ezk/48/30.md index 27be18b5e3..80ee9764ae 100644 --- a/ezk/48/30.md +++ b/ezk/48/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # 4,500 cubits -"four thousand five hundred cubits." Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: "about 2.4 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"about 2.4 kilometers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/31.md b/ezk/48/31.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/31.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/32.md b/ezk/48/32.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/32.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/33.md b/ezk/48/33.md index 892dff22b5..c82612497b 100644 --- a/ezk/48/33.md +++ b/ezk/48/33.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # 4,500 cubits -"four thousand five hunded cubits." This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +This is about 2.4 kilometers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/48/34.md b/ezk/48/34.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/34.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/35.md b/ezk/48/35.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/35.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/ezk/48/intro.md b/ezk/48/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 100cc066a2..0000000000 --- a/ezk/48/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Ezekiel 48 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -Instructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well. - -## Links: - -* __[Ezekiel 48:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../47/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hab/01/01.md b/hab/01/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5fa3d7a881..0000000000 --- a/hab/01/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The prophecy that Habakkuk the prophet saw - -This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the prophecy that Habakkuk the prophet saw." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/hab/01/02.md b/hab/01/02.md index 5988660097..6761701970 100644 --- a/hab/01/02.md +++ b/hab/01/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # how long will I cry for help, and you will not hear? -The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. Alternate translation: "how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" diff --git a/hab/01/03.md b/hab/01/03.md index e45efafd7a..e4f4019ec7 100644 --- a/hab/01/03.md +++ b/hab/01/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues his prayer to God. - # Destruction and violence are before me -The words "destruction" and "violence" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom "before me" means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. Alternate translation: "I witness people destroying things and acting violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I witness people destroying things and acting violently" # contention rises up -The word "contention" refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. Alternate translation: "there is more conflict between people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"there is more conflict between people" diff --git a/hab/01/04.md b/hab/01/04.md index 7296f521f6..7ba520abb6 100644 --- a/hab/01/04.md +++ b/hab/01/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # the law is weakened -Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. Alternate translation: "no one enforces the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"no one enforces the law" # the wicked surround the righteous -Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. # twisted justice goes out -Habakkuk speaks of judges giving decisions that they say are just but that are not as if "twisted justice" were going out to the people. Alternate translation: "judges make decisions that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"judges make decisions that are not just" # twisted justice -Justice that is "twisted" is injustice, the opposite of "straight justice," which is truly just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Justice that is "twisted" is injustice, the opposite of "straight justice," which is truly just. diff --git a/hab/01/05.md b/hab/01/05.md index f58bd4e059..5dad7826b3 100644 --- a/hab/01/05.md +++ b/hab/01/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -In 1:5-11 Yahweh responds to Habakkuk. - -# be amazed and astonished - -The words "amazed" and "astonished" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. Alternate translation: "be very amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - # in your days -This idiom refers to Habakkuk's lifetime. Alternate translation: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"during your lifetime" # when it is reported to you -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" diff --git a/hab/01/06.md b/hab/01/06.md index b0d5b5397c..77732f7626 100644 --- a/hab/01/06.md +++ b/hab/01/06.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "violent" or 2) "hasty." # the breadth of the land -This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. diff --git a/hab/01/07.md b/hab/01/07.md index f6b5c70cb8..3c5de0ddfe 100644 --- a/hab/01/07.md +++ b/hab/01/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # They are terrifying and fearsome -The words "terrifying" and "fearsome" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: "They cause others to be greatly terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"They cause others to be greatly terrified" # their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves -The word "splendor" represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: "because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" diff --git a/hab/01/08.md b/hab/01/08.md index f02953b7fd..3bc7507e27 100644 --- a/hab/01/08.md +++ b/hab/01/08.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ the horses of the Chaldean soldiers # leopards -large, swift cats (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +large, swift cats # the evening wolves @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses # they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat -Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. diff --git a/hab/01/09.md b/hab/01/09.md index b0c2f1c4d0..6e88c051f3 100644 --- a/hab/01/09.md +++ b/hab/01/09.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # their multitudes go like the desert wind -Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. # they gather captives like sand -Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: "they gather captives as one gathers sand" or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: "they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" diff --git a/hab/01/10.md b/hab/01/10.md index 4722ec726b..6ffbf40791 100644 --- a/hab/01/10.md +++ b/hab/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers. - # So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "mockery" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" diff --git a/hab/01/11.md b/hab/01/11.md index a70d86d823..d3ff884ce0 100644 --- a/hab/01/11.md +++ b/hab/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the wind will rush on -Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. # guilty men, those whose might is their god diff --git a/hab/01/12.md b/hab/01/12.md index 9dfd0c342b..1d4a78bc87 100644 --- a/hab/01/12.md +++ b/hab/01/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk speaks to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - # Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One? -Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." # from ancient times @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can # has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction -The word "them" refers to the Chaldeans. The words "judgment" and "correction" can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh's people. Alternate translation: "has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" # Rock -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. diff --git a/hab/01/13.md b/hab/01/13.md index c82782e9ee..eea408f6c4 100644 --- a/hab/01/13.md +++ b/hab/01/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - # Your eyes are too pure -Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate translation: "You are too pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"You are too pure" # those who betray @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ This refers to the Chaldeans. The word "betray" refers to people who have been d # Why are you silent while the wicked devour those more righteous than they are? -Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. Alternate translation: "Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" # those more righteous than they are -This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. diff --git a/hab/01/14.md b/hab/01/14.md index 02751ba272..ab0b626ba2 100644 --- a/hab/01/14.md +++ b/hab/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You make men like fish in the sea -Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. Alternate translation: "You cause men to become no more important than fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"You cause men to become no more important than fish" # like creeping things without a ruler over them -The words "creeping things" refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "you make men like creeping things without a ruler over them" or "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"you make men like creeping things without a ruler over them" or "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" diff --git a/hab/01/15.md b/hab/01/15.md index 5d54c57a16..8430a336ef 100644 --- a/hab/01/15.md +++ b/hab/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - -# He brings ... he drags ... his fishnet ... he gathers ... his dragnet ... he rejoices ... he is glad - -The words "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "They bring ... they drag ... their fishnets ... they gather ... their dragnet ... they rejoice ... they are glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# all of them ... drags men away ... gathers them - -Here "them" and "men" refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. Alternate translation: "all of us ... drags us away ... gathers us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - # He brings all of them up with a fishhook ... in his dragnet -Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. # fishhook ... fishnet ... dragnet diff --git a/hab/01/16.md b/hab/01/16.md index 2c3941d206..16c93531f9 100644 --- a/hab/01/16.md +++ b/hab/01/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # he sacrifices ... his net ... his dragnet ... he lives ... his food -Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. The words "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "they sacrifice ... their nets ... their dragnets ... they live ... their food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. diff --git a/hab/01/17.md b/hab/01/17.md index b6b2cee0d1..982994beab 100644 --- a/hab/01/17.md +++ b/hab/01/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will he continually slaughter the nations without mercy? -Habakkuk asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how long Yahweh will allow the Chaldeans to continue to destroy people and nations. Alternate translation: "Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# Will he ... keep emptying his net ... will he continually slaughter - -In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "Will they ... keep emptying their net ... will they continually slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" # keep emptying his net -Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. diff --git a/hab/01/intro.md b/hab/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 32accc1a5a..0000000000 --- a/hab/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:1-17. - -This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Injustice - -Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) - -#### Chaldeans -Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh. - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Habakkuk intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hab/02/01.md b/hab/02/01.md index 2a5f6ca29c..6829de29d8 100644 --- a/hab/02/01.md +++ b/hab/02/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. # to see what he will say to me @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakk # how I should turn from my complaint -Here the word "turn" refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. diff --git a/hab/02/02.md b/hab/02/02.md index b52a97aeda..21fd16fd4b 100644 --- a/hab/02/02.md +++ b/hab/02/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh answers Habakkuk. - -# Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets - -Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: "Write this vision clearly on the tablets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. # so that the one reading them might run -Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" diff --git a/hab/02/03.md b/hab/02/03.md index 9c1218c95d..543ccfaab4 100644 --- a/hab/02/03.md +++ b/hab/02/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the vision ... will testify -Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: "the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" # will testify @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations read, "will reach its goal," and others read, "will finally sp # Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry -Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. # will not tarry diff --git a/hab/02/04.md b/hab/02/04.md index 8e7f876203..d247652c7f 100644 --- a/hab/02/04.md +++ b/hab/02/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Look! The word "Look!" here adds emphasis to what follows. # is puffed up -Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were "puffed up." Alternate translation: "is very prideful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"is very prideful" diff --git a/hab/02/05.md b/hab/02/05.md index dc1fb23bb2..eafdc0b97c 100644 --- a/hab/02/05.md +++ b/hab/02/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # as wine is treacherous, even so an arrogant man does not stay at home -Yahweh speaks of how drinking too much wine impairs a person's judgment as if the wine itself were a person who is treacherous and deceives the one who drinks it. Yahweh compares the treachery of an arrogant man to the treachery of wine. Alternate translation: "Just as wine harms people, the arrogant man also goes out to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Just as wine harms people, the arrogant man also goes out to harm people" # wine @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Some modern translations read, "wealth." # He has made his throat as wide as Sheol; and like death, he is never satisfied -God speaks of the arrogant person being greedy as if the person made his throat extremely wide so he could eat far more than he needed. Because no one can escape death and Sheol, people thought of Sheol and death as being like a hungry person who is never satisfied. Yahweh used this images to show how extremly greedy the the arrogant person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +God speaks of the arrogant person being greedy as if the person made his throat extremely wide so he could eat far more than he needed. Because no one can escape death and Sheol, people thought of Sheol and death as being like a hungry person who is never satisfied. Yahweh used this images to show how extremly greedy the the arrogant person is. # He has gathered together all the nations, and he has assembled to himself all the people -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of the arrogant man conquering nations and capturing the people as if he were gathering nations and peoples to himself. Alternate translation: "He conquers for himself the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"He conquers for himself the people of every nation" diff --git a/hab/02/06.md b/hab/02/06.md index f2dd75e248..2b25d9a201 100644 --- a/hab/02/06.md +++ b/hab/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Will all these not take up ... saying, 'Woe ... taken?' -The words "all these" refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](../02/05.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "All of these nations and peoples will certainly take up ... saying,'Woe ... taken.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"All of these nations and peoples will certainly take up ... saying,'Woe ... taken.'" # take up a proverb and mockery, riddles @@ -16,13 +12,8 @@ This is a question to which the one who asks knows the answer but hides it with # Woe to the one increasing what is not his -It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. Alternate translation: "Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" # For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? -The word "pledges" refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases. - -# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? - -The Chaldeans robbing the people of the nations of their wealth is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were a person who forces others to give him pledges and to pay him what they do not owe. Alternate translation: "For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" diff --git a/hab/02/07.md b/hab/02/07.md index 0999119529..b2a965c628 100644 --- a/hab/02/07.md +++ b/hab/02/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Will the ones biting at you not rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken? -This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." # the ones biting at you -The Hebrew word translated here as "the ones biting" can also mean "the ones paying interest" or "debtors." In this context, the word probably has both meanings. The phrase is a metaphor in which those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. # the ones terrifying you @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This refers to the same debtors. They will terrify the Chaldeans by attacking th # rise up ... awaken -The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. diff --git a/hab/02/08.md b/hab/02/08.md index 3742baacce..da2cd728b2 100644 --- a/hab/02/08.md +++ b/hab/02/08.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ to rob or take things by force # you have shed human blood -The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." Alternate translation: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you have murdered people" diff --git a/hab/02/09.md b/hab/02/09.md index fd6927d80c..daf5de3dfe 100644 --- a/hab/02/09.md +++ b/hab/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the one who gets evil gains for his house -Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: "the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family" and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: "the one who makes his family rich by violent means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the one who makes his family rich by violent means" # so he can set his nest on high to deliver himself from the hand of evil -The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. # from the hand of evil -Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power, and the word "evil" is a metonym for people who do evil things. Alternate translation: "from the power of evil" or "from people who will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"from the power of evil" or "from people who will harm him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/10.md b/hab/02/10.md index 3b5daaeb9c..16c7faed03 100644 --- a/hab/02/10.md +++ b/hab/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # You have devised shame for your house -Here to "devise shame" means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. One possible meaning is that the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. Alternate translation: "By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built" Another possibility is that the word "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate translation: "By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" # cutting off many people -Killing many people is spoken of as if it were cutting those people off, like one would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "killing many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"killing many people" # have sinned against your life -This idiom means that the person has done things that will result in his own death or destruction. Alternate translation: "have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" diff --git a/hab/02/11.md b/hab/02/11.md index 7a70a23d49..d14a227fbd 100644 --- a/hab/02/11.md +++ b/hab/02/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them -Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. # cry out diff --git a/hab/02/12.md b/hab/02/12.md index 63e210fcf1..934d5cf403 100644 --- a/hab/02/12.md +++ b/hab/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" # the one who builds a city with blood -Here the word "blood" is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Alternate translation: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" # who establishes a town in iniquity -It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word "establishes" means "to begin." Alternate translation: "who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" diff --git a/hab/02/13.md b/hab/02/13.md index 33463b5770..2b9acb2dba 100644 --- a/hab/02/13.md +++ b/hab/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire, and nations weary themselves in vain? -This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." # peoples labor for fire -This means that the people labor to build things that will go into the fire before the people can use them. Alternate translation: "peoples labor to build things that the fire will burn up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"peoples labor to build things that the fire will burn up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/14.md b/hab/02/14.md index 629878850a..9c0be88ab9 100644 --- a/hab/02/14.md +++ b/hab/02/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea - -This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh's glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh -The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" diff --git a/hab/02/15.md b/hab/02/15.md index 903fffc7f6..f3dffcbdea 100644 --- a/hab/02/15.md +++ b/hab/02/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the one who forces his neighbors to drink ... you make them drunk -The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the one who forces his neighbors to drink - -It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: "the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. # in order to look at their nakedness -"so you can look at them when they are naked." This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: "so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" diff --git a/hab/02/16.md b/hab/02/16.md index 6222a12d6f..cbe352f174 100644 --- a/hab/02/16.md +++ b/hab/02/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ # You will be filled with shame instead of glory -The Chaldeans passionately pursuing their own glory is spoken of as if they were eating or drinking it greedily and excessively. Instead of attaining glory, they will find only shame. Alternate translation: "You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" # Drink -Others treating the Chaldeans the way that the Chaldeans had treated others is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were to drink the wine that they had forced others to drink. Alternate translation: "Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" # you will expose your uncircumcised foreskin -This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. # The cup in Yahweh's right hand is coming around to you -Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The cup in Yahweh's right hand - -"The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand" or "The cup that Yahweh is holding" +Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. # is coming around to you @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink # disgrace will cover your glory -The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: "disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" diff --git a/hab/02/17.md b/hab/02/17.md index e52f8ce937..842c6cc540 100644 --- a/hab/02/17.md +++ b/hab/02/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you - -The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - # The violence done to Lebanon -Possible meanings for the word "Lebanon" are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "The violence done to the trees of Lebanon" or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "The violence done to the people of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The violence done to the people of Lebanon" # the devastation of animals will terrify you -The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if what they had done were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# For you have shed the blood of man ... all who live in them - -See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md). +The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if what they had done were a person who will terrify them. # you have shed the blood of man -The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." Alternate translation: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you have murdered people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/18.md b/hab/02/18.md index 2da399cd13..1ded5701b2 100644 --- a/hab/02/18.md +++ b/hab/02/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # What profit is there in a carved image? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The carved figure does no one any good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The carved figure does no one any good!" # Or a cast metal figure, a teacher of lies? -This rhetorical question continues the idea in the first two sentences. You may need to add the ideas omitted in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: "Or what good is a cast metal figure? It is a teacher of lies" or "And a cast metal figure can does no one any good because it is a teacher of lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Or what good is a cast metal figure? It is a teacher of lies" or "And a cast metal figure can does no one any good because it is a teacher of lies" # a teacher of lies -This phrase personifies the cast metal figure as a teacher. People who look at a skillfully made idol falsely believe that it has power. Alternate translation: "a thing about which people believe lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"a thing about which people believe lies" # worthless idols diff --git a/hab/02/19.md b/hab/02/19.md index 5c0dfe48ef..9dc9accbd5 100644 --- a/hab/02/19.md +++ b/hab/02/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Or to the silent stone -The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" # Do these things teach? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." # See, it is overlaid @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The # it is overlaid with gold and silver -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" # there is no breath at all within it -The idiom "no breath ... within it" means that it is not alive, but dead. Alternate translation: "it is not alive" or "it is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"it is not alive" or "it is dead" diff --git a/hab/02/20.md b/hab/02/20.md index 83241d3148..bb675d00ad 100644 --- a/hab/02/20.md +++ b/hab/02/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # all the land -Here the word "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: "everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/intro.md b/hab/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6e069117e3..0000000000 --- a/hab/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:1-20. - -This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### "The righteous will live by his faith" -This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hab/03/01.md b/hab/03/01.md index d722f898d2..3c365bdf4c 100644 --- a/hab/03/01.md +++ b/hab/03/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: -These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." diff --git a/hab/03/02.md b/hab/03/02.md index 3af8f9accb..6aa89feaad 100644 --- a/hab/03/02.md +++ b/hab/03/02.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done in t # revive your work -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: "bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" # in the midst of these years -This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: "in our own times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"in our own times" # make it known diff --git a/hab/03/03.md b/hab/03/03.md index efb057372e..f0f2a9898f 100644 --- a/hab/03/03.md +++ b/hab/03/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through Habakkuk 3:15. It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai. @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) concealed, hid to keep people from seeing, or 2) clothe # the earth was full of his praise -Here the word "praise" is a metonym for God's qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: "the earth was full of his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the earth was full of his glory" diff --git a/hab/03/04.md b/hab/03/04.md index 599c9a9f8b..f2c962636a 100644 --- a/hab/03/04.md +++ b/hab/03/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # With brightness like the light Here the word "brightness" likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh's glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like the rising of the sun. # two-pronged rays flash from his hand -Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. # there he hid his power diff --git a/hab/03/05.md b/hab/03/05.md index 8f6a770d47..4f71c4f8ba 100644 --- a/hab/03/05.md +++ b/hab/03/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Deadly disease went before him -The writer describes God making people ill with diseases as if that disease were a person who walked in front of God and told them that God was coming. Alternate translation: "God caused people to die from diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"God caused people to die from diseases" # the plague came out at his feet -The writer describes God making people ill with the plague as if the plague were a small animal following close behind God's feet. Alternate translation: "he brought a plague on the people" or "God made the people ill with the plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he brought a plague on the people" or "God made the people ill with the plague" diff --git a/hab/03/06.md b/hab/03/06.md index c1c8586a26..051a0fe491 100644 --- a/hab/03/06.md +++ b/hab/03/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position. @@ -16,17 +12,12 @@ The nations shook with fear because he looked at them. This is the fear a guilty # eternal mountains ... everlasting hills -"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the UDB has done. +"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." # Even the eternal mountains were shattered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the everlasting hills bowed down - -The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the everlasting hills collapsed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" # His path is everlasting -Possible meanings are 1) the words "His path" may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: "He is everlasting" or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: "He walks along an ancient path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"He walks along an ancient path" diff --git a/hab/03/07.md b/hab/03/07.md index 4d30b8cf35..efd505c173 100644 --- a/hab/03/07.md +++ b/hab/03/07.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. # I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling -Possible meanings are 1) the words "the tents" and "the fabric of the tents" are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: "I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: "I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" # Cushan -This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. diff --git a/hab/03/08.md b/hab/03/08.md index 85fcf3ca81..dac3bf26d8 100644 --- a/hab/03/08.md +++ b/hab/03/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots -The phrases "your horses" and "your victorious chariots" both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: "you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" diff --git a/hab/03/09.md b/hab/03/09.md index c0812ffe64..48fcb14839 100644 --- a/hab/03/09.md +++ b/hab/03/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # You have brought out your bow without a cover -This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: "You have prepared to shoot your bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You have prepared to shoot your bow" # You divided the earth with rivers diff --git a/hab/03/10.md b/hab/03/10.md index f7d7ef97e9..0d7a1ee7c7 100644 --- a/hab/03/10.md +++ b/hab/03/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The mountains saw you and twisted in pain -The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. # Downpours of water passed over them @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain c # the deep sea raised a shout -The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: "the deep sea became loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the deep sea became loud" # It lifted up its hands -The waves of the sea are spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts his hands in praise to God. Alternate translation: "Waves began to form in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"Waves began to form in the sea" diff --git a/hab/03/11.md b/hab/03/11.md index 97d0ed555a..2c776e3d8a 100644 --- a/hab/03/11.md +++ b/hab/03/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # The sun and moon stood still -The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. Alternate translation: "The sun and moon stopped moving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"The sun and moon stopped moving" # in their high places "in the sky" -# at the flash of your arrows ... at the lightning of your flashing spear - -These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the flash of your arrows as they fly "the flash of your flying arrows" diff --git a/hab/03/12.md b/hab/03/12.md index 9a3c2e46b4..6c69565c87 100644 --- a/hab/03/12.md +++ b/hab/03/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ anger of a person who has suffered injustice # you have threshed the nations -Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. diff --git a/hab/03/13.md b/hab/03/13.md index d63f6c83ce..f72918cb53 100644 --- a/hab/03/13.md +++ b/hab/03/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the Translation Notes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it. - # You went out for the salvation of your people -The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "You went out to save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"You went out to save your people" # your anointed one @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "You # You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck -Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and "base" and "neck" represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: "You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building" or "You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation" or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person's head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the "head," and "house" represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: "The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" diff --git a/hab/03/14.md b/hab/03/14.md index 5222bbd7a6..45d31035a6 100644 --- a/hab/03/14.md +++ b/hab/03/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own spears -The word "his" refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: "You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors" or 2) the word "head" refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: "With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" # spears @@ -12,9 +8,9 @@ Some modern translations read, "arrows." # they came like a storm -The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: "they came quickly like a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"they came quickly like a storm" # their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place -The word "gloating" here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: "they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" diff --git a/hab/03/15.md b/hab/03/15.md index d23c793b8e..a8aa875c5c 100644 --- a/hab/03/15.md +++ b/hab/03/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # heaped up the great waters -Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. Alternate translation: "caused the great waters to surge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"caused the great waters to surge" diff --git a/hab/03/16.md b/hab/03/16.md index d32bd54bea..cd8481ecbc 100644 --- a/hab/03/16.md +++ b/hab/03/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. - # I heard -You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" # my inner parts trembled -The word translated here as "inner parts" is literally "belly." If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: "my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" # My lips quivered at the sound @@ -16,9 +12,9 @@ Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. # Decay comes into my bones -Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: "My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" # under myself I tremble -The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." diff --git a/hab/03/17.md b/hab/03/17.md index 037be17292..b7ff14adcb 100644 --- a/hab/03/17.md +++ b/hab/03/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. - # though the produce of the olive tree disappoints "though the produce of the olive tree fails" or "though the olive tree fails to produce olives" # though the flock is cut off from the fold -The word "flock" may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word "fold" refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/18.md b/hab/03/18.md index 2ea9cfe29d..ec7afdb253 100644 --- a/hab/03/18.md +++ b/hab/03/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him. - # the God of my salvation -The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"the God who saves me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/19.md b/hab/03/19.md index bad638e5e5..245fe74f9f 100644 --- a/hab/03/19.md +++ b/hab/03/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # he makes my feet like the deer's. He makes me go forward on my high places -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. diff --git a/hab/03/intro.md b/hab/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f9255ca03..0000000000 --- a/hab/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:1-19. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Poetry -Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hab/front/intro.md b/hab/front/intro.md index dd6ce79f76..77a4af6996 100644 --- a/hab/front/intro.md +++ b/hab/front/intro.md @@ -13,35 +13,4 @@ ### What is the Book of Habakkuk about? -Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) - -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Habakkuk" or just "Habakkuk." Translators may choose to call it "The Sayings of Habakkuk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -### Who wrote the Book of Habakkuk? - -The prophet Habakkuk wrote this book. Scripture does not mention Habakkuk except in this book. - -The Chaldean empire is another name for the Babylonian empire. The Book of Habakkuk mentions it several times. This helps us to date Habakkuk's life. The Chaldean empire had power from about 720 to 538 B.C. Habakkuk probably prophesied about the time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum during the reigns of Kings Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Why did Yahweh use an evil nation to punish Judah? - -Habakkuk wanted to know why Yahweh used an evil nation to punish Judah. Yahweh responded that he will judge the evil nations also. But righteous people will live by being faithful to Yahweh. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### How do I identify the speaker? - -Habakkuk spoke to Yahweh and Yahweh answered him. The translator should be careful to identify whether the speaker is Habakkuk or Yahweh in each section. The translator may wish to make the identity of the speaker explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -### What style of writing is the Book of Habakkuk? - -In the first two chapters, Habakkuk asks Yahweh questions and Yahweh answers him. The third chapter is a psalm. Habakkuk ends by telling the choirmaster to use stringed instruments. - -### Does Habakkuk question or challenge Yahweh? - -Habakkuk spoke directly to Yahweh and seems to be challenging God. Habakkuk was not questioning the authority of Yahweh. He was telling Yahweh that he does not understand what Yahweh is doing. In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. - +Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/01.md b/hag/01/01.md index 572ad75ad3..4797dd6d4b 100644 --- a/hag/01/01.md +++ b/hag/01/01.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ # In the second year of Darius the king -"In the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "After Darius had been king for more than a year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"In the second year of the reign of Darius the king" # Darius ... Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jozadak -These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are all names of men. # in the sixth month, on the first day of the month -"on the first day of the sixth month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on the first day of the sixth month." This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of August on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yawheh spoke this message". This introduces a special message from God. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # by the hand of Haggai -Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"through Haggai". Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/02.md b/hag/01/02.md index f915193593..7a80dc9a2e 100644 --- a/hag/01/02.md +++ b/hag/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the house of Yahweh -the temple - +the temple \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/03.md b/hag/01/03.md index 0f89a62dad..b206514c7d 100644 --- a/hag/01/03.md +++ b/hag/01/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yawheh spoke this message". This introduces a special message from God. # by the hand of Haggai -Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"through Haggai" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/04.md b/hag/01/04.md index 53e51079b8..c4b120da84 100644 --- a/hag/01/04.md +++ b/hag/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Is it a time for you ... ruined? -Yahweh is rebuking the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Now is not the time for you ... ruined." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Now is not the time for you ... ruined". Yahweh is rebuking the people. # this house -the temple of Yahweh - +the temple of Yahweh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/05.md b/hag/01/05.md index 71f6ccec09..4d3e1efe8b 100644 --- a/hag/01/05.md +++ b/hag/01/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Consider your ways -"Think carefully about how you are living" - +"Think carefully about how you are living" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/06.md b/hag/01/06.md index 9a7dd677c5..4270542014 100644 --- a/hag/01/06.md +++ b/hag/01/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ +# General Information + +Scripture frequently uses the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. The statement "You have sown much seed, but bring in little harvest" indicates that they had done a lot but have very little to show for it. The ULB sets poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text. + # bring in little -"harvest little" or "bring in only a small crop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"harvest little" or "bring in only a small crop" # but cannot get drunk @@ -8,5 +12,4 @@ There is not enough wine to satisfy the people's thirst and not nearly enough fo # the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holes -Not earning enough money to buy necessary goods is spoken of as if the person were losing the money that falls out through holes in the money bag. Alternate translation: "the money the worker earns is gone before he finishes buying everything he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the money the worker earns is gone before he finishes buying everything he needs". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/07.md b/hag/01/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hag/01/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hag/01/08.md b/hag/01/08.md index b9deef0a60..e1ae818c03 100644 --- a/hag/01/08.md +++ b/hag/01/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # bring timber -This represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +This represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/09.md b/hag/01/09.md index fcf9b64aa9..859a703b70 100644 --- a/hag/01/09.md +++ b/hag/01/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # behold -"look" or "listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" +"listen" or "pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # I blew it away -The people not being able to find what they were looking for is spoken of as if Yahweh had blown on dust so it would go away. Alternate translation: "I made sure there was nothing there for you to find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I made sure there was nothing there for you to find" # declares Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. # runs to his own house -"is always working to build his own house." The word "runs" emphasizes that the people consider building their own houses the most important thing they can do. - +"is always working to build his own house." This emphasizes that the people consider building their own houses the most important thing they can do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/10.md b/hag/01/10.md index 3935796871..7cfbb64be3 100644 --- a/hag/01/10.md +++ b/hag/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the heavens withhold the dew from you -The dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: "the sky does not allow the dew to fall" or "no dew forms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the sky does not allow the dew to fall" or "no dew forms" # the earth withholds its produce -The earth is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: "the earth does not allow food you grow" or "no food grows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the earth does not allow food you grow" or "no food grows" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/11.md b/hag/01/11.md index 521fda3223..5ff216cdfa 100644 --- a/hag/01/11.md +++ b/hag/01/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I have summoned a drought upon the land -Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: "I have kept the rain from falling on the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"I have kept the rain from falling on the land" # upon the new wine, upon the oil -"Wine" and "oil" are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Wine" and "oil" are metonyms for grapes and olives. # what the earth sends forth @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Rain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to # all the labor of your hands -The abstract noun "labor" can be translated using the phrase "work hard." The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "everything you have worked hard to make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"everything you have worked hard to make" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/12.md b/hag/01/12.md index 06082057aa..fffe646143 100644 --- a/hag/01/12.md +++ b/hag/01/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jozadak ... Haggai -See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these men's names in Haggai 1:1. # obeyed the voice of Yahweh ... the words of Haggai -The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: "obeyed Yahweh and Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"obeyed Yahweh and Haggai" # the people feared the face of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "the people feared Yahweh" or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person's presence. Alternate translation: "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people feared Yahweh" or "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/13.md b/hag/01/13.md index 4e52063c97..c5a87aa829 100644 --- a/hag/01/13.md +++ b/hag/01/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" - +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/14.md b/hag/01/14.md index f35c270632..a4d77f463f 100644 --- a/hag/01/14.md +++ b/hag/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people -Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Alternate translation: "Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act" # remnant -people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem - +people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/15.md b/hag/01/15.md index b8f10294c6..fe9b2e174f 100644 --- a/hag/01/15.md +++ b/hag/01/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month -This is just 23 days after he received the vision. This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is just 23 days after he received the vision. This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. # the second year of Darius the king -"second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "after Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +"second year of the reign of Darius the king" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/01/intro.md b/hag/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19cf047948..0000000000 --- a/hag/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Haggai 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Farming imagery -Scripture frequently uses the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. The statement "You have sown much seed, but bring in little harvest" indicates that they had done a lot but have very little to show for it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Haggai 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Haggai intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hag/02/01.md b/hag/02/01.md index c1afc2af25..257a58e923 100644 --- a/hag/02/01.md +++ b/hag/02/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the month -This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yawheh spoke this message". This introduces a special message from God. See how you translated this in Haggai 1:1. # by the hand of Haggai -Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "through Haggai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"through Haggai". Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See Haggai 1:1. # Haggai -See how you translated this man's name in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +See how you translated this man's name in Haggai 1:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/02.md b/hag/02/02.md index a505f3116a..a148e39e6d 100644 --- a/hag/02/02.md +++ b/hag/02/02.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This is a urgent exhortation. # Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jozadak -See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +See how you translated these men's names in Haggai 1:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/03.md b/hag/02/03.md index 5ec8428ca1..c35c8d78ca 100644 --- a/hag/02/03.md +++ b/hag/02/03.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ Yahweh speaks to the people about the new temple they are building. They are bui # Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory? -Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention". Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. # How do you see it now? -Yahweh is telling them that he knows what they are thinking about the new temple. He speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know what you think of this new temple." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I know what you think of this new temple". Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. # Is it not like nothing in your eyes? -Yahweh is telling the people that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know that you think it is not important at all." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"I know that you think it is not important at all". Yahweh is telling the people that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/04.md b/hag/02/04.md index 3845660a13..04a2ee3d14 100644 --- a/hag/02/04.md +++ b/hag/02/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Haggai 1:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/05.md b/hag/02/05.md index 129fcc89f7..e014b25a68 100644 --- a/hag/02/05.md +++ b/hag/02/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # my Spirit stands among you -Possible meanings are 1) "my Spirit lives among you" or "my Spirit will fight against your enemies" as a helper, or 2) "my Spirit is a witness to you," testifying that God is still with them. - +"my Spirit lives among you" or "my Spirit will fight against your enemies" as a helper, or "my Spirit is a witness to you". This testifies that God is still with them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/06.md b/hag/02/06.md index 92d6558c31..f9d14e9c06 100644 --- a/hag/02/06.md +++ b/hag/02/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will ... shake the heavens ... the earth ... the sea ... the dry land -The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake," and that earthquake would shake "the sea" as well as "the dry land," a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake," and that earthquake would shake "the sea" as well as "the dry land". Yahweh speaks as if they were solid objects that he could shake. # shake -Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. - +Use the word for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/07.md b/hag/02/07.md index 1d03a5a4b3..831f6ea323 100644 --- a/hag/02/07.md +++ b/hag/02/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will shake every nation -The metaphor that begins with the words "I will ... shake the heavens" in verse 6 ends here. Yahweh speaks of every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +The idea that begins with the words "I will ... shake the heavens" in verse 6 ends here. # I will fill this house with glory -Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: "I will make this house very beautiful" or 2) the "precious things" that "every nation will bring" include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: "I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"I will make this house very beautiful" or "I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/08.md b/hag/02/08.md index a040f4b252..1039e3239d 100644 --- a/hag/02/08.md +++ b/hag/02/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Haggai 1:9. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/09.md b/hag/02/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hag/02/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hag/02/10.md b/hag/02/10.md index faa83e693d..112021b69d 100644 --- a/hag/02/10.md +++ b/hag/02/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. # in the second year of Darius -"in the second year of the reign of Darius" or "when Darius had been king for more than one year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"in the second year of the reign of Darius" # Darius ... Haggai -See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +See how you translated these men's names in Haggai 1:1. # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yawheh spoke this message". This introduces a special message from God. See Haggai 1:1. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/11.md b/hag/02/11.md index f96c10839e..1da78e51c6 100644 --- a/hag/02/11.md +++ b/hag/02/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Ask the priests -This is an urgent exhortation. - +This is an urgent exhortation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/12.md b/hag/02/12.md index b9765bf27f..0e4a9935d4 100644 --- a/hag/02/12.md +++ b/hag/02/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # meat that is set apart to Yahweh ... holy -The words "that is set apart to Yahweh" and the word "holy" translate the same Hebrew word. "holy meat ... holy" - +"holy meat ... holy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/13.md b/hag/02/13.md index fe4f5c014d..56b19a7d3f 100644 --- a/hag/02/13.md +++ b/hag/02/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # because of death -"because he has touched a dead body" - +"because he has touched a dead body". In this chapter, Haggai refers to issues related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/14.md b/hag/02/14.md index 25cd0b00a2..20bbf84664 100644 --- a/hag/02/14.md +++ b/hag/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # So Haggai answered and said, "So it is ... is unclean -Haggai answers the priests with the words that Yahweh told Haggai to tell the priests. Alternate translation: "So Haggai answered and told them Yahweh's words: 'So it is ... is unclean" +"So Haggai answered and told them Yahweh's words: 'So it is ... is unclean" # So it is with this people and this nation before me @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Haggai answers the priests with the words that Yahweh told Haggai to tell the pr # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Haggai 1:9. # the work of their hands -The hands are a synecdoche for the people whose hands they are. Alternate translation: "everything they have done" or "everything they make with their hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"everything they have done" or "everything they make with their hands" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/15.md b/hag/02/15.md index bd4e9cfd46..a90d992b4b 100644 --- a/hag/02/15.md +++ b/hag/02/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This is an urgent exhortation. # Before stone was placed upon stone in the temple -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Before you laid the first stones for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Before you laid the first stones for the temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/16.md b/hag/02/16.md index 4c0d0edb2a..6d44e297e1 100644 --- a/hag/02/16.md +++ b/hag/02/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # twenty measures -"20 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +"20 measures". A "measure" is an unknown amount. # fifty measures -"50 measures." A "measure" is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) - +"50 measures" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/17.md b/hag/02/17.md index 44eeb0a873..f723d6fa40 100644 --- a/hag/02/17.md +++ b/hag/02/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # all the work of your hands -"everything you made" or "your crops" - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"everything you made" or "your crops" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/18.md b/hag/02/18.md index dffb8770eb..94f5bdc401 100644 --- a/hag/02/18.md +++ b/hag/02/18.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ This is an urgent exhortation. # the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month -This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See Haggai 2:10. # the day that the foundation of the temple of Yahweh was laid -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the day that you laid the foundation of Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the day that you laid the foundation of Yahweh's temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/19.md b/hag/02/19.md index e51bec2739..abead51ad9 100644 --- a/hag/02/19.md +++ b/hag/02/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Is there still seed in the storehouse? -Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse". Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. # The vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. This rh # the pomegranate -This is a type of sweet fruit. You may need to make explicit that the tree is being spoken of. Alternate translation: "the pomegranate tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +"the pomegranate tree". This is a type of sweet fruit. # have not borne -"have not produced fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"have not produced fruit" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/20.md b/hag/02/20.md index 37496dd0d3..ce6ba56d10 100644 --- a/hag/02/20.md +++ b/hag/02/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# Haggai - -This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Yawheh spoke this message" # on the twenty-fourth day of the month -You may need to make explicit which month is spoken of. Alternate translation: "on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/21.md b/hag/02/21.md index 090c62820a..629f84a54d 100644 --- a/hag/02/21.md +++ b/hag/02/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ +# General Information + +The ULB sets poetry (2:21-23) farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. + # Zerubbabel -This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +See how you translated this man's name in Haggai 1:1. # I will shake the heavens and the earth -The words "I will shake the earth" could be translated as "I will cause an earthquake." Yahweh speaks of the heavens as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. See how these ideas are translated in [Haggai 2:6](../02/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# shake - -Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:6](../02/06.md). +See how these ideas are translated in Haggai 2:6. # the heavens and the earth -This is a merism for "the whole universe" or "everything that exists." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - +"the whole universe" or "everything that exists" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/22.md b/hag/02/22.md index 78f24e0fbe..68c540c67b 100644 --- a/hag/02/22.md +++ b/hag/02/22.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms -The throne is a metonym for the person sitting on the throne. Alternate translation: "I will take kings off of their thrones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will take kings off of their thrones" # the throne of kingdoms -Here "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on it. Alternate translation: "government ruled by kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"government ruled by kings" # I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations -You may need to make explicit that "the nations" are Israel's enemies. Alternate translation: "I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong" # each one because of his brother's sword -The sword here is a metonym for violent death. Alternate translation: "each one because his brother has killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"each one because his brother has killed him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/23.md b/hag/02/23.md index 11bdcfe303..c904311cc5 100644 --- a/hag/02/23.md +++ b/hag/02/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared". See how you translated this in Haggai 1:9. # Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel -See how you translated these men's names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +See how you translated these men's names in Haggai 1:1. # I will make you like a signet ring -Kings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority. Zerubbabel would have authority from Yahweh because he would speak Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Kings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority. Zerubbabel would have authority from Yahweh because he would speak Yahweh's words. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/intro.md b/hag/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 423aedf51b..0000000000 --- a/hag/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Haggai 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:3-9, 21-23. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Unclean -Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Haggai 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hag/front/intro.md b/hag/front/intro.md index d6f07b3234..44946b12db 100644 --- a/hag/front/intro.md +++ b/hag/front/intro.md @@ -1,37 +1,29 @@ # Introduction to Haggai -## Part 1: General Introduction - -### Outline of Haggai +## Outline of Haggai 1. The people must finish the temple for Yahweh to bless them again (1:1–15) 1. This temple will be more glorious than the first temple (2:1–9) 1. Yahweh will bless a defiled people (2:10–19) 1. Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish his ruler (2:20–23) -### What is the Book of Haggai about? +## What is the Book of Haggai about? The people of Israel lacked food and warm clothes. The prophet Haggai told them it was because they were not obeying Yahweh. If they would listen to him and start rebuilding the temple, then Yahweh would send rain and bless them again. The people listened and began to work on the temple. Yahweh encouraged the people, the priests, and the leaders. He told them that he was with them and would bless them. -### How should the title of this book be translated? +## How should the title of this book be translated? -This book traditionally has been titled "Haggai" or "The Book of Haggai." Translators may decide to call it "The Sayings of Haggai." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This book traditionally has been titled "Haggai" or "The Book of Haggai." Translators may decide to call it "The Sayings of Haggai." -### Who wrote the Book of Haggai? +## Who wrote the Book of Haggai? The prophet Haggai wrote this book. He wrote it after the exiles returned from Babylon. They returned during the reign of the Persian king Darius I. Haggai probably gave all the prophesies in this book during a four-month period of time. - Very little is known about Haggai. He lived at the same time as the prophet Zechariah. -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? +## Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah? It is likely that Haggai prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What does "consider your ways" mean? - -Yahweh told the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved. +## What does "consider your ways" mean? +Yahweh told the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/01.md b/hos/01/01.md index 01a5242053..227f442f60 100644 --- a/hos/01/01.md +++ b/hos/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # the word of Yahweh that came -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "the word that Yahweh God spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the word that Yahweh God spoke" # Beeri -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man.) # Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... Joash -The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. diff --git a/hos/01/02.md b/hos/01/02.md index 4adf22a20d..b95e8438d3 100644 --- a/hos/01/02.md +++ b/hos/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # great prostitution -Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. diff --git a/hos/01/03.md b/hos/01/03.md index 58737a68a7..cc3a6eebf2 100644 --- a/hos/01/03.md +++ b/hos/01/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Gomer ... Diblaim -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are names of people. diff --git a/hos/01/04.md b/hos/01/04.md index f087ab0cd0..24522efeb0 100644 --- a/hos/01/04.md +++ b/hos/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the house of Jehu -Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. # the house of Israel -This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. diff --git a/hos/01/05.md b/hos/01/05.md index a8a1a4d6af..c6220f167c 100644 --- a/hos/01/05.md +++ b/hos/01/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the bow of Israel -Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. Alternate translation: "the military power of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the military power of Israel" diff --git a/hos/01/06.md b/hos/01/06.md index 29566933e4..bf367ad664 100644 --- a/hos/01/06.md +++ b/hos/01/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Lo-Ruhamah -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"No Mercy" diff --git a/hos/01/07.md b/hos/01/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/01/08.md b/hos/01/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index c5e1e4922c..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# Lo-Ruhamah - -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - diff --git a/hos/01/09.md b/hos/01/09.md index 1015d1b6e9..7fe1f8160b 100644 --- a/hos/01/09.md +++ b/hos/01/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Lo-Ammi -This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Not My People" diff --git a/hos/01/10.md b/hos/01/10.md index c7d4fd1eab..ae4a076f29 100644 --- a/hos/01/10.md +++ b/hos/01/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # like the sand of the seashore -This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. # which cannot be measured or counted -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"which no one can measure or count" # It will be that where it was said to them -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Where God said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Where God said to them" # where it was said to them @@ -20,5 +16,5 @@ This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been commi # it will be said to them -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will say to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God will say to them" diff --git a/hos/01/11.md b/hos/01/11.md index 6ad8920e37..2648aac4da 100644 --- a/hos/01/11.md +++ b/hos/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # will be gathered together -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God will gather them together" # go up from the land @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in capti # the day of Jezreel -This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. diff --git a/hos/01/intro.md b/hos/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2271fbfc5d..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-11. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Hosea's marriage -God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) - -Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Hosea intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/02/01.md b/hos/02/01.md index d19f5f0af4..1844e66a18 100644 --- a/hos/02/01.md +++ b/hos/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # My people! -This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) +"You are my people!" # You have been shown compassion -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has shown you compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh has shown you compassion" # compassion diff --git a/hos/02/02.md b/hos/02/02.md index de53f4c3a4..e7f29d3f3f 100644 --- a/hos/02/02.md +++ b/hos/02/02.md @@ -1,28 +1,24 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. # your mother -Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. # for she is not my wife -Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. # neither am I her husband -Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. # her acts of adultery -A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. # from between her breasts -This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/02/03.md b/hos/02/03.md index acb2cab939..5fcebe393e 100644 --- a/hos/02/03.md +++ b/hos/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born -Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. # I will make her like the wilderness -Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. # I will make her die from thirst -Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. diff --git a/hos/02/04.md b/hos/02/04.md index f28c1f01d5..13e17faa05 100644 --- a/hos/02/04.md +++ b/hos/02/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # for they are children of prostitution -The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. diff --git a/hos/02/05.md b/hos/02/05.md index 55abb6400b..1da22c75c8 100644 --- a/hos/02/05.md +++ b/hos/02/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # For their mother has been a prostitute -The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. # I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink -Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. diff --git a/hos/02/06.md b/hos/02/06.md index 51847eb998..5bf10a3ac0 100644 --- a/hos/02/06.md +++ b/hos/02/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking to Hosea. - # Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way -This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. diff --git a/hos/02/07.md b/hos/02/07.md index 713ee67584..a0f53ac8c5 100644 --- a/hos/02/07.md +++ b/hos/02/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now." -Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. diff --git a/hos/02/08.md b/hos/02/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index ea5f3bdd47..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - diff --git a/hos/02/09.md b/hos/02/09.md index 9c2f22f1ae..2d2c8a06cf 100644 --- a/hos/02/09.md +++ b/hos/02/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness -This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. # were used to cover her nakedness -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the people used to clothe themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that the people used to clothe themselves" diff --git a/hos/02/10.md b/hos/02/10.md index af81ab81cd..6801cd63f1 100644 --- a/hos/02/10.md +++ b/hos/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - -# Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers - -This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # no one will rescue her out of my hand -No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. diff --git a/hos/02/12.md b/hos/02/12.md index 625080b345..4e393467fa 100644 --- a/hos/02/12.md +++ b/hos/02/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. - -# These are the wages that my lovers gave me - -This refers to payment that Israel received from the false gods or Baals. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "that these were the wages that her lovers had given to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) - # make them a forest -Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. diff --git a/hos/02/13.md b/hos/02/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index da55a605a7..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - diff --git a/hos/02/14.md b/hos/02/14.md index feacc3064f..b6e910bd5c 100644 --- a/hos/02/14.md +++ b/hos/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # to allure her to attract her diff --git a/hos/02/15.md b/hos/02/15.md index 2b6cd104e9..9201420195 100644 --- a/hos/02/15.md +++ b/hos/02/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,5 @@ As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor s # She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt -Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# She will answer - -Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean "She will sing." +Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. diff --git a/hos/02/16.md b/hos/02/16.md index b3a82d4985..024d14becd 100644 --- a/hos/02/16.md +++ b/hos/02/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # My husband -This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. # My Baal -"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. diff --git a/hos/02/17.md b/hos/02/17.md index 8f4ae8b541..77a7f7b6d4 100644 --- a/hos/02/17.md +++ b/hos/02/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth -The Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. Alternate translation: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" diff --git a/hos/02/18.md b/hos/02/18.md index ccdcb88beb..e551eba318 100644 --- a/hos/02/18.md +++ b/hos/02/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. - # On that day This phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh. @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals. # I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety -Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. # lie down in safety -This expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +This expression refers to living in safety. diff --git a/hos/02/19.md b/hos/02/19.md index ed9937ea74..6ebdefc03b 100644 --- a/hos/02/19.md +++ b/hos/02/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - # I will promise to be your husband forever -Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. # in righteousness, justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy -This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. Alternate translation: "and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" diff --git a/hos/02/21.md b/hos/02/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index a13bce1f1c..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - diff --git a/hos/02/22.md b/hos/02/22.md index d41e2a629a..d5ef2563db 100644 --- a/hos/02/22.md +++ b/hos/02/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel -The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. # Jezreel -Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. diff --git a/hos/02/23.md b/hos/02/23.md index bfaeaf9e29..cd95dea593 100644 --- a/hos/02/23.md +++ b/hos/02/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - # I will plant her for myself in the land -When God makes his people safe and prosperous in their land again, they are spoken of if they were agricultural crops. Alternate translation: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" # Lo-Ruhamah -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"No Mercy" # Lo-Ammi -This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Not My People" diff --git a/hos/02/intro.md b/hos/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8865876591..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/03/01.md b/hos/03/01.md index fbafd8bc67..dbcd474ff4 100644 --- a/hos/03/01.md +++ b/hos/03/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress -This refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/02.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. +Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. # Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel -By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. # they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes diff --git a/hos/03/02.md b/hos/03/02.md index 34e1ee8459..069b5c31b9 100644 --- a/hos/03/02.md +++ b/hos/03/02.md @@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ This was the price to buy a slave. -# fifteen pieces - -"15 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # a homer and a lethek of barley -This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: "330 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +"330 liters of barley" diff --git a/hos/03/03.md b/hos/03/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/03/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/03/05.md b/hos/03/05.md index e3d94e72eb..7791bebf85 100644 --- a/hos/03/05.md +++ b/hos/03/05.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "seek" means they are asking God to accept them and their worship. # David their king -Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: "a descendant of David to be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a descendant of David to be their king" # in the last days @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: "a # they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness -Here "trembling" represents feelings of awe and humility. Alternate translation: "they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" diff --git a/hos/03/intro.md b/hos/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 141d99d752..0000000000 --- a/hos/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/04/01.md b/hos/04/01.md index 50132e387b..83431757c9 100644 --- a/hos/04/01.md +++ b/hos/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites. - # Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the land -Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. # lawsuit -This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). - +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. diff --git a/hos/04/02.md b/hos/04/02.md index e457a3fc58..b58644eb48 100644 --- a/hos/04/02.md +++ b/hos/04/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The people have broken all bounds -Here "bounds" stands for the limits of what the law allows. Alternate translation: "The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" # bloodshed comes after bloodshed -Here "bloodshed" stands for "murder" which often involves making the victim bleed. Alternate translation: "you commit one murder after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you commit one murder after another" diff --git a/hos/04/03.md b/hos/04/03.md index c836155f85..69d3dd3a9e 100644 --- a/hos/04/03.md +++ b/hos/04/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the land mourns, and everyone living in it is wasting away -The phrase "the land mourns" is either 1) a metaphor for the land drying up because of a drought, when no rain falls for a long time. Alternate translation: "the land dries up, and everyone living in it is wasting away" Or 2) a metonym for the people of the land mourning because they have nothing to eat. Alternate translation: "the people living on the land mourn and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people living on the land mourn and waste away" # wasting away @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food # the beasts ... sea, are being taken away -Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: "the beasts ... sea, are dying" Or 2) this can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God is taking away the beasts ... sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) - +"God is taking away the beasts ... sea" diff --git a/hos/04/05.md b/hos/04/05.md index c18b477251..ffbe807e2d 100644 --- a/hos/04/05.md +++ b/hos/04/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You priests will stumble -Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. # I will destroy your mother -Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. diff --git a/hos/04/06.md b/hos/04/06.md index d534023e29..cb35daafd5 100644 --- a/hos/04/06.md +++ b/hos/04/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. - # My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" # knowledge -Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. diff --git a/hos/04/07.md b/hos/04/07.md index 2446a83068..bd446e988b 100644 --- a/hos/04/07.md +++ b/hos/04/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # They exchanged their honor for shame -Possible meanings are 1) "honor" is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and "shame" is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: "They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. diff --git a/hos/04/08.md b/hos/04/08.md index f9d2cbaab6..07bb498a9b 100644 --- a/hos/04/08.md +++ b/hos/04/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. - # They feed on the sin of my people -When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. # they are greedy for more of their iniquity -The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. diff --git a/hos/04/10.md b/hos/04/10.md index 43853df354..7bd3c61922 100644 --- a/hos/04/10.md +++ b/hos/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # but not increase "but not have children" # to Yahweh -Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"to me" diff --git a/hos/04/11.md b/hos/04/11.md index 490420c1ea..dc7507c165 100644 --- a/hos/04/11.md +++ b/hos/04/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Prostitution, wine, and new wine take away understanding -The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/04/12.md b/hos/04/12.md index 9b2f4084f6..d5021f17a5 100644 --- a/hos/04/12.md +++ b/hos/04/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,8 @@ # their walking sticks give them prophecies -Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. # A spirit of prostitution has led them astray -Here "spirit" refers to a person's desire. Here "prostitution" refers to spiritual prostitution that the people commit when they worship idols. Alternate translation: "Their desire to act as a prostitute has led them astray" -# has led them astray - -Causing someone to sin is described as leading a person in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: "has caused the people to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Their desire to act as a prostitute has caused them to sin" diff --git a/hos/04/13.md b/hos/04/13.md index 4f1890f376..066f643e36 100644 --- a/hos/04/13.md +++ b/hos/04/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # on the tops of the mountains ... on the hills It was common for the people to set up idols in these places, often called "high places" in the Old Testament. diff --git a/hos/04/14.md b/hos/04/14.md index 63d82d7512..43a8bf949b 100644 --- a/hos/04/14.md +++ b/hos/04/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# daughters-in-law - -Some modern translations read, "brides." See how you translated this word in [Hosea 4:13](./13.md). - # sacred prostitutes These were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods. # So this people who does not understand will be thrown down -Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. diff --git a/hos/04/15.md b/hos/04/15.md index ece02f3cb0..14808bd698 100644 --- a/hos/04/15.md +++ b/hos/04/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # may Judah not become guilty God knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing. @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth A # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/04/16.md b/hos/04/16.md index 18994e298d..35259943b8 100644 --- a/hos/04/16.md +++ b/hos/04/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # like a stubborn heifer -Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. # How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he cannot continue to take care of the people because they are stubborn. Yahweh no longer taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were a shepherd that could not take his lambs into the field to eat because they are stubborn. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." # How can Yahweh -Here Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "How can I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"How can I" diff --git a/hos/04/17.md b/hos/04/17.md index 576832f609..75b8f5a8a2 100644 --- a/hos/04/17.md +++ b/hos/04/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone -Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. diff --git a/hos/04/19.md b/hos/04/19.md index 351074d017..1e7cd94504 100644 --- a/hos/04/19.md +++ b/hos/04/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The wind will wrap her up in its wings -Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. diff --git a/hos/04/intro.md b/hos/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9495620eb4..0000000000 --- a/hos/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 4 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Lawsuits - -Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metonymy - -Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/05/01.md b/hos/05/01.md index 4caa29ca26..8b7a81fb12 100644 --- a/hos/05/01.md +++ b/hos/05/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor -A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. diff --git a/hos/05/02.md b/hos/05/02.md index 7ffbd9ed87..41a029ed3a 100644 --- a/hos/05/02.md +++ b/hos/05/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,4 @@ # The rebels stand deep in slaughter -Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The rebels - -The translator can represent this as "You rebels," because God is really talking to the rebellious people of Israel. - -# in slaughter - -Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness. - -# I will punish all of them - -The translator can represent this as "I will punish all of you." +Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. diff --git a/hos/05/03.md b/hos/05/03.md index 27cc340be1..74dd8c2bab 100644 --- a/hos/05/03.md +++ b/hos/05/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me -Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. # Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute -Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. diff --git a/hos/05/04.md b/hos/05/04.md index 9282ff4c07..ee31c97c42 100644 --- a/hos/05/04.md +++ b/hos/05/04.md @@ -6,7 +6,3 @@ This means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship id The translator can represent this as "to turn to me ... they do not know me," or "to turn to me ... they do not know me, Yahweh." -# they do not know Yahweh - -Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God. - diff --git a/hos/05/05.md b/hos/05/05.md index 1f2b1fea68..2227d538c4 100644 --- a/hos/05/05.md +++ b/hos/05/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # The pride of Israel testifies against him -This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. # so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them -The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. diff --git a/hos/05/06.md b/hos/05/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/05/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/05/07.md b/hos/05/07.md index e4bd9c815b..7e072b5857 100644 --- a/hos/05/07.md +++ b/hos/05/07.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from oth # Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields -The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. diff --git a/hos/05/08.md b/hos/05/08.md index a060daa8f2..4147ea3a15 100644 --- a/hos/05/08.md +++ b/hos/05/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' -Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/05/09.md b/hos/05/09.md index 9105b5b678..3cd9820d0a 100644 --- a/hos/05/09.md +++ b/hos/05/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the day of rebuke -Many versions understand the word "rebuke" here as a euphemism for "punishment." +Many versions understand the word "rebuke" here as "punishment." # Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen diff --git a/hos/05/10.md b/hos/05/10.md index 9e185705f0..85052a46a2 100644 --- a/hos/05/10.md +++ b/hos/05/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone -To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. # I will pour my wrath on them like water -Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. diff --git a/hos/05/11.md b/hos/05/11.md index 3392acaa26..c68f13787e 100644 --- a/hos/05/11.md +++ b/hos/05/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Ephraim is oppressed -"Ephraim" is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them" # he is crushed in judgment -The word "he" refers to "Ephraim," which is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. The word "crushed" is a metaphor for "severely oppressed." The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed using the verb "judge," the subject of which is either Yahweh or the enemies of the people of Israel. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them" # walked after idols -Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# idols - -The Hebrew word translated here as "idols" is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways. - +Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. diff --git a/hos/05/12.md b/hos/05/12.md index bed93d9d60..26f7f58a0c 100644 --- a/hos/05/12.md +++ b/hos/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah -A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# moth ... rot - -These two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain. - +A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. diff --git a/hos/05/13.md b/hos/05/13.md index 3982d54722..24cefe82b5 100644 --- a/hos/05/13.md +++ b/hos/05/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound -Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. # then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king diff --git a/hos/05/14.md b/hos/05/14.md index 9ff7b8528f..1ddb06d116 100644 --- a/hos/05/14.md +++ b/hos/05/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # So I will be like a lion to Ephraim -Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. # like a young lion to the house of Judah -Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. # I, even I @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his # will tear -As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. diff --git a/hos/05/15.md b/hos/05/15.md index 0d8e7dbc22..c9a49c1618 100644 --- a/hos/05/15.md +++ b/hos/05/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Yahweh will leave his rebellious people. # seek my face -Try to come into God's presence by means of worship and sacrifice. Alternate translation: "ask me to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"ask me to pay attention to them" diff --git a/hos/05/intro.md b/hos/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 639835d89a..0000000000 --- a/hos/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 5 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/06/01.md b/hos/06/01.md index 5ee4af4995..f780390278 100644 --- a/hos/06/01.md +++ b/hos/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -The people of Israel confess their need to repent. - # he has torn us apart ... he has injured us -God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. # he will heal us ... he will bandage our wounds -Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. diff --git a/hos/06/02.md b/hos/06/02.md index d7b6a02fe3..b619d16f90 100644 --- a/hos/06/02.md +++ b/hos/06/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day -This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. # two days ... the third day -"2 days ... day 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +"2 days ... day 3" diff --git a/hos/06/03.md b/hos/06/03.md index 4aa3709389..b8bf88fe52 100644 --- a/hos/06/03.md +++ b/hos/06/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here "know" means not only to learn God's character and laws, but also to become # His coming out is as sure as the dawn -Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. diff --git a/hos/06/04.md b/hos/06/04.md index 7fc4f0a882..4aec3979f0 100644 --- a/hos/06/04.md +++ b/hos/06/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # what will I do with you? -God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. Alternate translation: "it is hard to know what to do with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"it is hard to know what to do with you!" diff --git a/hos/06/05.md b/hos/06/05.md index be10d967c3..233ffd34a4 100644 --- a/hos/06/05.md +++ b/hos/06/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets -Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. # Your judgments are like the light that shines out -Yahweh has judged Ephraim [Hosea 6:4](./04.md) in a way that people can see plainly and cannot avoid. Alternate translation: "The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# Your judgments - -Some modern translations read, "My judgments," referring to the actions Yahweh has taken against Ephraim. +"The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" diff --git a/hos/06/06.md b/hos/06/06.md index 5550318de6..9577748084 100644 --- a/hos/06/06.md +++ b/hos/06/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # For I delight in covenant faithfulness and not sacrifice -This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more" +"For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more" diff --git a/hos/06/07.md b/hos/06/07.md index 004c3fc081..a3cabdd502 100644 --- a/hos/06/07.md +++ b/hos/06/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Like Adam -These words could be 1) a literal reference to Adam, the first man or 2) a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: "Like the people in the city of Adam" or 3) a literal reference to people in general. The word "Adam" means "man" or "humankind." Alternate translation: "Like all of humankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Like all of humankind" diff --git a/hos/06/08.md b/hos/06/08.md index 3de1b78064..f922a9e00b 100644 --- a/hos/06/08.md +++ b/hos/06/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Gilead is a city ... with footprints of blood -"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. diff --git a/hos/06/10.md b/hos/06/10.md index 256d5edcc5..71b854aca7 100644 --- a/hos/06/10.md +++ b/hos/06/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim's prostitution -Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. # Israel has become unclean diff --git a/hos/06/11.md b/hos/06/11.md index 9be8c1b0d5..a9e7404888 100644 --- a/hos/06/11.md +++ b/hos/06/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" # harvest -Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. # I will reverse the captivity of my people -"I will reverse the captivity of my people." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: "I will free my people from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will free my people from those who had captured them" diff --git a/hos/06/intro.md b/hos/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 24408a9266..0000000000 --- a/hos/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Change in speaker -There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/07/01.md b/hos/07/01.md index e8192a2991..6b20a0d4ce 100644 --- a/hos/07/01.md +++ b/hos/07/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I want to heal Israel -Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. # for they practice deceit -The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. # marauding band diff --git a/hos/07/02.md b/hos/07/02.md index 6669ed0ae1..8b935a4c95 100644 --- a/hos/07/02.md +++ b/hos/07/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # their deeds surround them -The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. # they are before my face -Here God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate translation: "and I see it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"and I see it all" diff --git a/hos/07/03.md b/hos/07/03.md index 2539ae16c6..82537cad84 100644 --- a/hos/07/03.md +++ b/hos/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk. - # by their lies the officials -The missing information can be supplied. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "by their lies they make the officials glad" or 2) Alternate translation: "by their lies the officials make the king glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"by their lies the officials make the king glad" diff --git a/hos/07/04.md b/hos/07/04.md index 273571561d..5b1fb5d56b 100644 --- a/hos/07/04.md +++ b/hos/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # They are all adulterers -The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. # like an oven heated by the baker -This can be stated in active form. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: "like an oven which the baker heats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"like an oven which the baker heats" # kneading of the dough diff --git a/hos/07/05.md b/hos/07/05.md index 92040e29a1..e3f37bb27e 100644 --- a/hos/07/05.md +++ b/hos/07/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is perhaps a festival held by the king. # He reached out with his hand -This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. diff --git a/hos/07/06.md b/hos/07/06.md index ae4a0f870a..89ef5a30b3 100644 --- a/hos/07/06.md +++ b/hos/07/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king. - # For with hearts like an oven -This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." # Their anger smolders -The word "smolders" means something is burning slowly without a flame. Alternate translation: "Their anger grows slowly and quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Their anger grows slowly and quietly" # it burns high like a flaming fire -The intensity of their anger is spoken of as if it was a very hot fire. Alternate translation: "it gets very intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"it gets very intense" diff --git a/hos/07/07.md b/hos/07/07.md index 8c3d5ad33e..61d6a13642 100644 --- a/hos/07/07.md +++ b/hos/07/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# They all are as hot as an oven - -This compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # they devour those who rule over them -This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. diff --git a/hos/07/08.md b/hos/07/08.md index 5bb38304c6..929c19e40e 100644 --- a/hos/07/08.md +++ b/hos/07/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack. # Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over -This can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" diff --git a/hos/07/09.md b/hos/07/09.md index 86d58edc24..8272714080 100644 --- a/hos/07/09.md +++ b/hos/07/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Gray hairs are sprinkled on him -Here "gray hairs" represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "gray hairs" represent old age. # but he does not know it -However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." diff --git a/hos/07/10.md b/hos/07/10.md index 3d0a5429c8..824c1cf955 100644 --- a/hos/07/10.md +++ b/hos/07/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # The pride of Israel testifies against him -This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. # nor have they sought him -Israel's lack of interest in Yahweh is spoken of as if he was lost and they were not trying to find him. Alternate translation: "nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" # in spite of all this diff --git a/hos/07/11.md b/hos/07/11.md index faae955d4b..b65b009ece 100644 --- a/hos/07/11.md +++ b/hos/07/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense -Doves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Doves were thought to be foolish birds. # Egypt ... Assyria diff --git a/hos/07/12.md b/hos/07/12.md index 05625b5dac..f9a8ae4082 100644 --- a/hos/07/12.md +++ b/hos/07/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will spread my net over them -This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. # I will bring them down like the birds of the sky -Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he would catch in a net. Alternate translation: "I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" # in their flocking together -This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. Alternate translation: "when they gather together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when they gather together" diff --git a/hos/07/13.md b/hos/07/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/07/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/07/14.md b/hos/07/14.md index 9b8ee6669f..f21e79261d 100644 --- a/hos/07/14.md +++ b/hos/07/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # they wail on their beds It was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds. @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "they slash themselves" to make themselves bleed. # they turn away from me -Here no longer worshiping God is spoken of as turning away from him. Alternate translation: "they no longer worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"they no longer worship me" diff --git a/hos/07/15.md b/hos/07/15.md index 9db4694579..aa183a2db1 100644 --- a/hos/07/15.md +++ b/hos/07/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Though I trained them and strengthened their arms -This may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God was training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. diff --git a/hos/07/16.md b/hos/07/16.md index 7a7976a326..b6826a8a9b 100644 --- a/hos/07/16.md +++ b/hos/07/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # They are like a slack bow -That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. # because of the insolence of their tongues -Here "tongue" refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: "because they insult me" or "because they curse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because they insult me" or "because they curse me" # This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt -The abstract noun "mockery" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" diff --git a/hos/07/intro.md b/hos/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f09c29e3f..0000000000 --- a/hos/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Baking - -Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Israel and Ephraim -This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 7:1](../../hos/07/01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/08/01.md b/hos/08/01.md index 2e3ae0eebb..bd202b800c 100644 --- a/hos/08/01.md +++ b/hos/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom. - # An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh -The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: "As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" # broken my covenant -Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." diff --git a/hos/08/03.md b/hos/08/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/08/04.md b/hos/08/04.md index 000a04838f..63167ebfc9 100644 --- a/hos/08/04.md +++ b/hos/08/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # but it was only so they might be cut off -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but the result will be that I will destroy the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"but the result will be that I will destroy the people" diff --git a/hos/08/05.md b/hos/08/05.md index 8416c43e4a..aec0171954 100644 --- a/hos/08/05.md +++ b/hos/08/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Your calf has been rejected -Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has rejected your calf" or 2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: "I myself have rejected your calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I myself have rejected your calf" # Your calf -The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: "Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" # My anger is burning against these people -Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I am very angry with these people" # For how long will they be incapable of innocence? -Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) Yahweh is expressing his anger about his people being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." Or 2) he is threatening to punish them soon. Alternate translation: "They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." diff --git a/hos/08/06.md b/hos/08/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0eb9de3e0..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/08/07.md b/hos/08/07.md index 86fab9405a..08ebe39b0d 100644 --- a/hos/08/07.md +++ b/hos/08/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind -To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. # The standing grain has no heads -Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. # If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it -If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. diff --git a/hos/08/08.md b/hos/08/08.md index f976199b68..b31ceb033f 100644 --- a/hos/08/08.md +++ b/hos/08/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Israel is swallowed up -"swallowed" means to be defeated and taken into exile. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" diff --git a/hos/08/09.md b/hos/08/09.md index e5aecdf01b..530354d5c7 100644 --- a/hos/08/09.md +++ b/hos/08/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # like a wild donkey all alone -People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. # Ephraim has hired lovers for herself -Ephraim's alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" diff --git a/hos/08/11.md b/hos/08/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0eb9de3e0..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/08/12.md b/hos/08/12.md index 4e5017acf8..81ec1a4880 100644 --- a/hos/08/12.md +++ b/hos/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # I could write down my law for them ten thousand times, but they would -Ten thousand is a very large number. It did not matter how many times God might give the law to the people of Israel; they would view it as strange to them. Alternate translation: "Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] - -# ten thousand - -"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" # they would view it as something strange to them diff --git a/hos/08/13.md b/hos/08/13.md index 57e565d58a..1cae2d63b9 100644 --- a/hos/08/13.md +++ b/hos/08/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # They will return to Egypt Because of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians. diff --git a/hos/08/14.md b/hos/08/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/08/intro.md b/hos/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7384bbf0f6..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 8 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him. -Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -This chapter contains some references to the "calf of Samaria." This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/09/01.md b/hos/09/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index bd554aa982..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/09/02.md b/hos/09/02.md index 9defa6a1fa..8f586f445f 100644 --- a/hos/09/02.md +++ b/hos/09/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them -This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. # the new wine will fail them diff --git a/hos/09/03.md b/hos/09/03.md index fda109362e..3ecea01773 100644 --- a/hos/09/03.md +++ b/hos/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Yahweh's land This expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites. # unclean food -This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/09/04.md b/hos/09/04.md index e6abcb19ac..4244e80555 100644 --- a/hos/09/04.md +++ b/hos/09/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food -Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. # For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of Yahweh -The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. - -# it will not come into the house of Yahweh - -The unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/05.md b/hos/09/05.md index dc959ba7fe..c60028ad0a 100644 --- a/hos/09/05.md +++ b/hos/09/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh? -Hosea uses this question to emphasize that the people will no longer be able to observe their festivals when their enemies defeat them and take them captive. Alternate translation: "You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for Yahweh - -Both of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." diff --git a/hos/09/06.md b/hos/09/06.md index dc054ecbfb..f1c182bfd4 100644 --- a/hos/09/06.md +++ b/hos/09/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # if they escape -Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this is second person. Alternate translation: "if you escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"if you escape" # Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them -Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" # As for their precious things of silver—sharp briers will possess them -Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents - -Here "sharp briers" and "thorns" mean the same thing. To have briers and thorns growing represents a land that has become desolate and like a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" # their tents -Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. diff --git a/hos/09/07.md b/hos/09/07.md index 9bab8025e1..94e31d31c6 100644 --- a/hos/09/07.md +++ b/hos/09/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming -Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. # The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane -These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane - -Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. # because of your abundant iniquity and great hostility -The phrases "abundant iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. diff --git a/hos/09/08.md b/hos/09/08.md index 04856c15e4..57f8911918 100644 --- a/hos/09/08.md +++ b/hos/09/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim -A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. The prophet warning the people when they are sinning and are in danger of having his God punish them is spoken of as if he were a watchman for the city. Alternate translation: "The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim - -Some versions translate this passage as "The prophet with my God is the watchman over Ephraim." - -# The prophet is - -This refers to prophets in general that God has appointed. Alternate translation: "Prophets are" or "True prophets are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) +"The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" # Ephraim -Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. # a bird snare is on all of his paths -A "bird snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. This means the people of Israel do whatever they can to stop God's prophet. Alternate translation: "the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" diff --git a/hos/09/10.md b/hos/09/10.md index cb5e817c06..fc6ad4c149 100644 --- a/hos/09/10.md +++ b/hos/09/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # When I found Israel This refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people. # it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig tree -Both of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. # Baal Peor -This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. diff --git a/hos/09/11.md b/hos/09/11.md index b774e125c9..aeecc2e2f5 100644 --- a/hos/09/11.md +++ b/hos/09/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # their glory will fly away like a bird -The people of Ephraim, or the northern kingdom of Israel, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. Their glory will quickly disappear, as a bird flies away. Alternate translation: "their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" diff --git a/hos/09/12.md b/hos/09/12.md index 3915eb9f1b..d630f1fe16 100644 --- a/hos/09/12.md +++ b/hos/09/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # when I turn away from them -When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. diff --git a/hos/09/13.md b/hos/09/13.md index 4e75843841..3c7d786b6d 100644 --- a/hos/09/13.md +++ b/hos/09/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre, planted in a meadow -This speaks of the people being in a safe place as if they were a tree planted in a peaceful meadow. Alternate translation: "The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" # Ephraim ... Tyre -Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. # but Ephraim will bring out his children -The word "children" are the people from that nation. Alternate translation: "but the people of Israel will bring out their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"but the people of Israel will bring out their children" diff --git a/hos/09/14.md b/hos/09/14.md index 10a57117eb..09c45361aa 100644 --- a/hos/09/14.md +++ b/hos/09/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them? Give them -Hosea uses a question to emphasize that he wants Yahweh to give the people of Israel what they deserve. Alternate translation: "This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" # a miscarrying womb diff --git a/hos/09/15.md b/hos/09/15.md index 9208757c47..f83c32e717 100644 --- a/hos/09/15.md +++ b/hos/09/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will drive them out of my house -Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. # their officials diff --git a/hos/09/16.md b/hos/09/16.md index 66ac06464d..1e883242cd 100644 --- a/hos/09/16.md +++ b/hos/09/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17. - # Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit -Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. diff --git a/hos/09/17.md b/hos/09/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/09/intro.md b/hos/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 448069c72e..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 9 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Exile -Because the covenant has been broken, the people will be exiled into another land. This actually shows the mercy of God toward his people. He did not destroy them; he simply moved them to another place. However, this chapter goes into detail about many parts of their society to show how far they have moved away from truly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Change in speaker -In verse 16, Yahweh is speaking; but in verse 17, Hosea starts speaking. There is a change in pronouns; the use of "my God" must imply that someone other than Yahweh is speaking. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/10/01.md b/hos/10/01.md index 3006bf006b..56032d157c 100644 --- a/hos/10/01.md +++ b/hos/10/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit -Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a luxuriant vine - -This vine produces more fruit than normal. +Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. # As his fruit increased ... As his land produced more diff --git a/hos/10/02.md b/hos/10/02.md index 14a8fb0f57..a6ec1da28f 100644 --- a/hos/10/02.md +++ b/hos/10/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Their heart is deceitful -The "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. Alternate translation: "They are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"They are deceitful" # now they must bear their guilt -Here "guilt" is a metonym for the punishment that is associated with it. This punishment is spoken of as if it was a heavy load for them to carry. Alternate translation: "now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" diff --git a/hos/10/03.md b/hos/10/03.md index c97ef3e7ba..034a6ed443 100644 --- a/hos/10/03.md +++ b/hos/10/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # and a king—what could he do for us? -The people wills say that their kings could not have helped them. Alternate translation: "Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." diff --git a/hos/10/04.md b/hos/10/04.md index ef6992677e..9c4dfae78f 100644 --- a/hos/10/04.md +++ b/hos/10/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # They speak empty words -Here "empty words" refers to lies. Alternate translation: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"They speak lies" # So justice springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -What they people called justice in their laws and legal decisions is spoken of as if it were a plant sprouting up. Alternate translation: "So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" # like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. diff --git a/hos/10/05.md b/hos/10/05.md index c2812c4c28..c410bfc7f0 100644 --- a/hos/10/05.md +++ b/hos/10/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/10/06.md b/hos/10/06.md index d68b54b9fd..30b7cc90fa 100644 --- a/hos/10/06.md +++ b/hos/10/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They will be carried to Assyria -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will carry them away" # the great king @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some modern translations read, "King Jareb." # Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" # its idol diff --git a/hos/10/07.md b/hos/10/07.md index 6d11c8ee7f..616c3506ec 100644 --- a/hos/10/07.md +++ b/hos/10/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Samaria's king will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" # like a chip of wood on the surface of the water -This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. diff --git a/hos/10/08.md b/hos/10/08.md index 4f2582ceff..b4fb42e14b 100644 --- a/hos/10/08.md +++ b/hos/10/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The high places of wickedness will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" # The people will say to the mountains, "Cover us!" and to the hills, "Fall on us!" -People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. Alternate translation: "The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" diff --git a/hos/10/09.md b/hos/10/09.md index 99c490ce39..a30506ad62 100644 --- a/hos/10/09.md +++ b/hos/10/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # days of Gibeah -This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md). +This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. # there you have remained -This passage probably means that the people of the present time continue to act in the same ways that their ancestors did at Gibeah. Alternate translation: "and you think just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"and you think just as they did" # Will not war overtake the sons of wrong in Gibeah? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that those in Gibeah who do wrong will certainly have to endure war. And this speaks of the people having to endure war when their enemies come as if war were a person that would catch up with them. Alternate translation: "War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." # the sons of wrong -Here "son of" is an idiom that means "having the characteristic of." Alternate translation: "those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" diff --git a/hos/10/10.md b/hos/10/10.md index f9f83ae1a7..1b8c3efc88 100644 --- a/hos/10/10.md +++ b/hos/10/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # double iniquity This refers to the many sins of Israel. diff --git a/hos/10/11.md b/hos/10/11.md index af5913477c..817d00f1a2 100644 --- a/hos/10/11.md +++ b/hos/10/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh -A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. # I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim -Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. # her fair neck -The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. # Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself -Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. # harrow diff --git a/hos/10/12.md b/hos/10/12.md index bee6c8bae7..fed1fef99c 100644 --- a/hos/10/12.md +++ b/hos/10/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Sow righteousness for yourselves, and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness -Righteousness and covenant faithfulness are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "right" and "faithful." Alternate translation: "Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" # Break up your unplowed ground -When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. diff --git a/hos/10/13.md b/hos/10/13.md index c879cccd8f..fc98890294 100644 --- a/hos/10/13.md +++ b/hos/10/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice -Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. # You have eaten the fruit of deception -The result of deception are spoken of as if they were a food that could be eaten. Alternate translation: "You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/14.md b/hos/10/14.md index a1758d2e8c..e80bd6c6eb 100644 --- a/hos/10/14.md +++ b/hos/10/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The coming war is being compared to a battle long ago. # Shalman -This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. # Beth Arbel -This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. diff --git a/hos/10/15.md b/hos/10/15.md index e986817bcc..4d513bd60d 100644 --- a/hos/10/15.md +++ b/hos/10/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness -Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. diff --git a/hos/10/intro.md b/hos/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e59b579347..0000000000 --- a/hos/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in poetic form and continues the theme of Israel's many sins against Yahweh. Even though Israel prospered for a time as they multiplied their sins, Yahweh was leading them toward destruction. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -Yahweh's relationship to his people was not based on his people's actions. Even though they rebelled, Yahweh still desired to rescue them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Jacob - -The repeated use of different names for the two kingdoms can be confusing. In verse 11, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel, and "Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. However, Jacob is also mentioned. This use of "Jacob" makes us think of the earlier unified nation and may also refer to a future unified nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/11/01.md b/hos/11/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2252d1fe69..0000000000 --- a/hos/11/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child. - -# When Israel was a young man - -Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# I called my son out of Egypt - -"son" refers to the people of God the Father. Alternate translation: "I led my son out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/hos/11/02.md b/hos/11/02.md index bc220945a0..cb2be6e573 100644 --- a/hos/11/02.md +++ b/hos/11/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The more they were called, the more they went away from me -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" diff --git a/hos/11/03.md b/hos/11/03.md index 70d8725038..6228a1415e 100644 --- a/hos/11/03.md +++ b/hos/11/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel. - # it was I who taught Ephraim to walk -Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. # lifted them up by their arms -This expression continues the metaphor. Alternate translation: "took care of them" +"took care of them" diff --git a/hos/11/04.md b/hos/11/04.md index e0bd297f0a..7591937103 100644 --- a/hos/11/04.md +++ b/hos/11/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love -Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. # I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws -Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. # I bent down to them and fed them diff --git a/hos/11/05.md b/hos/11/05.md index 8c0ff9a7fb..3d9e853652 100644 --- a/hos/11/05.md +++ b/hos/11/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # Will they not return to the land of Egypt? -This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. # Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me? -The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/11/06.md b/hos/11/06.md index 599c4e9b60..bca5a5868e 100644 --- a/hos/11/06.md +++ b/hos/11/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The sword will fall on their cities -Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. # destroy the bars of their gates -Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. diff --git a/hos/11/07.md b/hos/11/07.md index 47d1ff689f..639c4d2599 100644 --- a/hos/11/07.md +++ b/hos/11/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Though they call to the Most High -Here God is speaking about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "Though they call to me, the Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"Though they call to me, the Most High" # no one will help them diff --git a/hos/11/08.md b/hos/11/08.md index 8e12db9ae4..a98129e457 100644 --- a/hos/11/08.md +++ b/hos/11/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? -Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." # How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? -Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" # My heart has changed within me -Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. diff --git a/hos/11/09.md b/hos/11/09.md index 72f4a354fd..c8fba32b9c 100644 --- a/hos/11/09.md +++ b/hos/11/09.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge. # I will not come in wrath -The abstract noun "wrath" can be stated as the adjective "angry." Alternate translation: "I will not come to you and be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will not come to you and be angry with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/10.md b/hos/11/10.md index 6d69397f66..6baa1701af 100644 --- a/hos/11/10.md +++ b/hos/11/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people. - # They will follow Yahweh -Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him # he will roar like a lion -Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. diff --git a/hos/11/11.md b/hos/11/11.md index ff9899ad32..15b7e7151f 100644 --- a/hos/11/11.md +++ b/hos/11/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # They will come trembling like a bird ... like a dove -They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God # the declaration of Yahweh -"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](../02/13.md). - +"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." diff --git a/hos/11/12.md b/hos/11/12.md index 0d2cac9025..aa40d7f591 100644 --- a/hos/11/12.md +++ b/hos/11/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah. - # Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit -Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. # But Judah is still going about with God and is faithful to the Holy One @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Many modern translations read, "And Judah is rebelling against God and against t # Judah is ... is -Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah are ... are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Judah are ... are" # God and ... the Holy One -Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "me, God, and ... me, the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"me, God, and ... me, the Holy One" diff --git a/hos/11/intro.md b/hos/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d585d3ca87..0000000000 --- a/hos/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -#### Rhetorical question - -Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/12/01.md b/hos/12/01.md index 6f4ffd137a..eb430abf00 100644 --- a/hos/12/01.md +++ b/hos/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Ephraim feeds on the wind -Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. # follows after the east wind -East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. # carry olive oil to Egypt diff --git a/hos/12/02.md b/hos/12/02.md index 41505a4993..67029ad3a7 100644 --- a/hos/12/02.md +++ b/hos/12/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh also has a lawsuit against Judah -Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. # against Judah ... punish Jacob for what he has done ... repay him for his deeds -Here "Judah" and "Jacob" both represent the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# lawsuit - -This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). - +"against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/03.md b/hos/12/03.md index 02e4e4be31..5df2453f7f 100644 --- a/hos/12/03.md +++ b/hos/12/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites. - # In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel -Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. diff --git a/hos/12/04.md b/hos/12/04.md index f360b00224..45e8c55b67 100644 --- a/hos/12/04.md +++ b/hos/12/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # He struggled with the angel and won -Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. diff --git a/hos/12/05.md b/hos/12/05.md index fcb18f69e5..79ffd5adf4 100644 --- a/hos/12/05.md +++ b/hos/12/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # is his name to be called on -This can be stated in active form. Here "name" represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: "is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" diff --git a/hos/12/07.md b/hos/12/07.md index b92a5f5de9..d5aad7778c 100644 --- a/hos/12/07.md +++ b/hos/12/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel. - # The merchants have deceitful scales in their hands -The phrase "deceitful scales" is a metonym for the merchants who use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling so that they can get higher prices for what they sell and lower prices for what they buy. Alternate translation: "These deceitful merchants use the scales in their hands to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"These deceitful merchants use the scales in their hands to deceive people" # they love to defraud diff --git a/hos/12/08.md b/hos/12/08.md index b25633f02d..f7a5a98bbd 100644 --- a/hos/12/08.md +++ b/hos/12/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself - -These two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # I have found wealth -Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. Alternate translation: "I have made much money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I have made much money" # they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. Alternate translation: "they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" diff --git a/hos/12/09.md b/hos/12/09.md index dd228a1ea7..7a1ede42a0 100644 --- a/hos/12/09.md +++ b/hos/12/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are 1) "I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt" or 2) "I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt" or 3) "I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt" # I will again make you live in tents -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. diff --git a/hos/12/10.md b/hos/12/10.md index 3381c688d6..7c08514a69 100644 --- a/hos/12/10.md +++ b/hos/12/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # By the hand of the prophets -Here "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate translation: "Through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Through the prophets" diff --git a/hos/12/11.md b/hos/12/11.md index 73339b1a64..6a255fe458 100644 --- a/hos/12/11.md +++ b/hos/12/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields -The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. diff --git a/hos/12/13.md b/hos/12/13.md index 8329a2c763..14660136e0 100644 --- a/hos/12/13.md +++ b/hos/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # by a prophet That is, Moses. diff --git a/hos/12/14.md b/hos/12/14.md index b3a7ec6767..be06eb756b 100644 --- a/hos/12/14.md +++ b/hos/12/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great. # So his Lord will leave his blood on him -Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. # will turn back on him his disgrace -The idea of making someone suffer the results of his own actions is spoken of as if those actions were objects that were thrown back at him. Alternate translation: "will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/intro.md b/hos/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08c7d03aed..0000000000 --- a/hos/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 12 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Jacob - -There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/13/01.md b/hos/13/01.md index 50a5a43cae..2a78e2f921 100644 --- a/hos/13/01.md +++ b/hos/13/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # When Ephraim spoke -Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. # there was trembling -It is understood that people were trembling because they were afraid of Ephraim. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "there was trembling among the people" or "people trembled in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]) +"there was trembling among the people" or "people trembled in fear" # He exalted himself in Israel -Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. # but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died -When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. diff --git a/hos/13/02.md b/hos/13/02.md index 04749d7bda..7437b0d11f 100644 --- a/hos/13/02.md +++ b/hos/13/02.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here "they" refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who # These men who sacrifice kiss calves -Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. diff --git a/hos/13/03.md b/hos/13/03.md index b822f9387a..0010450c05 100644 --- a/hos/13/03.md +++ b/hos/13/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimney -These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. # that is driven by the wind away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that the wind blows away" diff --git a/hos/13/04.md b/hos/13/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29e365fc6e..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own. - diff --git a/hos/13/06.md b/hos/13/06.md index e605f37aa5..1660d7cfc9 100644 --- a/hos/13/06.md +++ b/hos/13/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ The image of sheep is continued with this expression. # your heart became lifted up -Becoming arrogant is spoken of as one's heart being lifted up. Alternate translation: "you became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"you became proud" diff --git a/hos/13/07.md b/hos/13/07.md index 124b2b7c5d..78d3c28eeb 100644 --- a/hos/13/07.md +++ b/hos/13/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # like a lion ... like a leopard -These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. diff --git a/hos/13/08.md b/hos/13/08.md index 91dec97571..5ad2f50afa 100644 --- a/hos/13/08.md +++ b/hos/13/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beast - -These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # as a bear that is robbed of her cubs -The words "would attack" are left out because they are understood. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" # as a lion -The words "would devour them" are left out because they are understood. Alternate translation: "as a lion would devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"as a lion would devour them" diff --git a/hos/13/09.md b/hos/13/09.md index 9caaa43d15..8bbd59f914 100644 --- a/hos/13/09.md +++ b/hos/13/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # who will be able to help you? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "there will be no on able to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"there will be no on able to help you." diff --git a/hos/13/10.md b/hos/13/10.md index 88080adcf6..2f9045a043 100644 --- a/hos/13/10.md +++ b/hos/13/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'? -Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. diff --git a/hos/13/11.md b/hos/13/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/13/12.md b/hos/13/12.md index 4e78257176..c4402c4cd6 100644 --- a/hos/13/12.md +++ b/hos/13/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim's iniquity -Possible meanings are 1) the word "iniquity" refers to the actual acts of iniquity, or 2) it is a metonym for the guilt that God attaches to iniquity, or 3) it is a metonym for the punishment God will give for that iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "iniquity" refers to the actual acts of iniquity, or 2) the guilt that God attaches to iniquity, or 3) the punishment God will give for that iniquity. # has been bound up -Yahweh speaks of his own remembering Ephraim's iniquity as if he were a scribe who had written down a record of them, rolled up the scroll, bound it, and put it away so he could show it to people in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of his own remembering Ephraim's iniquity as if he were a scribe who had written down a record of them, rolled up the scroll, bound it, and put it away so he could show it to people in the future. # his sin has been stored up -Ephraim's guilt is spoken of as if it were a solid object that a person could store for later use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# his sin - -Possible meanings are 1) the word "sin" refers to the actual acts of sin, or 2) it is a metonym for the guilt that God attaches to sin, or 3) it is a metonym for the punishment God will give for that sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Ephraim's guilt is spoken of as if it were a solid object that a person could store for later use. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/13.md b/hos/13/13.md index d7bc993c31..ebd0f27134 100644 --- a/hos/13/13.md +++ b/hos/13/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Pains of childbirth will come on him -Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. # but he is not a wise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb -Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/13/14.md b/hos/13/14.md index a4651e2781..29f6e58545 100644 --- a/hos/13/14.md +++ b/hos/13/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? -Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: "I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." # Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? -Yahweh speaks to "death" and "Sheol" as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: "Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." # Compassion is hidden from my eyes -Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" diff --git a/hos/13/15.md b/hos/13/15.md index fbebe60e79..23e4d708fc 100644 --- a/hos/13/15.md +++ b/hos/13/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # his brothers -This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. # an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh -A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. # Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water -Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. # his storehouse -This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. diff --git a/hos/13/16.md b/hos/13/16.md index 55d6bdda25..952f272a1e 100644 --- a/hos/13/16.md +++ b/hos/13/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God -Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. # They will fall -Here to "fall" represents dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +Here to "fall" represents dying. # by the sword -Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. # their young children will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women will be ripped open -These phrases can be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: "the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" diff --git a/hos/13/intro.md b/hos/13/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19a7132aa3..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 13 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter uses poetry to communicate Yahweh's disgust and anger with the northern kingdom of Israel. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -"Israel" and "Ephraim" are terms used to speak about the people of the northern kingdom. Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly decimated as a people. They will no longer exist as a nation. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical question - -Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 13:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/14/01.md b/hos/14/01.md index bee90b95ed..c39fed1b66 100644 --- a/hos/14/01.md +++ b/hos/14/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # for you have stumbled because of your iniquity -The people sinning is spoken of here as if they were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The people sinning is spoken of here as if they were stumbling. diff --git a/hos/14/02.md b/hos/14/02.md index 5496c96473..e8a21c9b14 100644 --- a/hos/14/02.md +++ b/hos/14/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Take with you words -This probably means words of confession and praise. Alternate translation: "Confess your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Confess your sins" # the fruit of our lips -What a person says is called the fruit of his lips. Modern versions have different translations of this difficult passage. Alternate translation: "our words and songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"our words and songs of praise" diff --git a/hos/14/03.md b/hos/14/03.md index 98ba73742b..87969e545d 100644 --- a/hos/14/03.md +++ b/hos/14/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking - # to the work of our hands -Here people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: "to the idols we made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"to the idols we made" # the orphan @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormou # finds compassion -Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "finds one who is compassionate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"finds one who is compassionate" diff --git a/hos/14/04.md b/hos/14/04.md index e3cf8d2a85..2941ccec9f 100644 --- a/hos/14/04.md +++ b/hos/14/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will heal their apostasy -Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. diff --git a/hos/14/05.md b/hos/14/05.md index 8d43b3fd7f..70ca2bf1e1 100644 --- a/hos/14/05.md +++ b/hos/14/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily -God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. # take root like a cedar in Lebanon -The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. diff --git a/hos/14/06.md b/hos/14/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 213e4f634d..0000000000 --- a/hos/14/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in Lebanon - -This passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - diff --git a/hos/14/07.md b/hos/14/07.md index 9402f69fc6..f6721099d0 100644 --- a/hos/14/07.md +++ b/hos/14/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # The people who live in his shade will return -The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# they will revive like grain and blossom like vines - -Israel's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. # His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon -Just as Lebanon's wine was famous, so Israel will be famous. Alternate translation: "People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" diff --git a/hos/14/08.md b/hos/14/08.md index 774fbddaf5..921a05223a 100644 --- a/hos/14/08.md +++ b/hos/14/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # what more have I to do with idols? -This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. # a cypress whose leaves are always green -A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. # from me comes your fruit -Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/14/09.md b/hos/14/09.md index 6dbc0446b0..db13a23102 100644 --- a/hos/14/09.md +++ b/hos/14/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them? -The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. # For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in them -Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. # stumble -Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. diff --git a/hos/14/intro.md b/hos/14/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7aea7619a2..0000000000 --- a/hos/14/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 14 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Speaker -The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them. -There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 14:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hos/front/intro.md b/hos/front/intro.md index fcfa25c8ef..cbc163bd97 100644 --- a/hos/front/intro.md +++ b/hos/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Hosea -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of Hosea 1. God tells Hosea to marry Gomer as a picture of how Israel relates to Yahweh (1:1–3:5) @@ -23,39 +21,7 @@ This book contains the prophecies of Hosea, son of Beeri. Hosea lived in the nor Hosea began to prophesy around 753 B.C., just before King Jeroboam II died. At this time, the kingdom of Israel was prosperous but spiritually weak. Hosea warned how Yahweh would punish Israel unless the people turned back to Yahweh and were faithful to him. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -This book is traditionally named "The Book of Hosea" or just "Hosea." Translators may also call it "The Book About Hosea" or "The Sayings of Hosea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Hosea? -Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wrote the book himself. It was probably written after Samaria, the capital of the norther kingdom, was destroyed in 721 B.C. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? - -God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### What is a lawsuit? - -Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through law courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. The Book of Hosea contains some legal terms. This is because Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a husband accusing his wife in court of being unfaithful to him. Part of the Book of Hosea follows the form of a lawsuit. A problem is identified (4:1), someone is accused (4:4), someone is found guilty (4:15), and the guilty ones will be punished (5:1). - -### Who did the people of the kingdom of Israel worship? - -Israel was supposed to worship Yahweh alone. But they worshiped both Yahweh and the Canaanite gods such as Baal. This was a major reason why Yahweh judged the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What does the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" mean? - -The prophet used the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" to mark a message as truly coming from God. - -### Why are English translations of Hosea very different? - -Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyond how we currently understand the Hebrew language. Many English versions have translated these difficult sections very differently. - -### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? - -In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]]) +Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wrote the book himself. It was probably written after Samaria, the capital of the norther kingdom, was destroyed in 721 B.C. diff --git a/isa/66/12.md b/isa/66/12.md index 02acc26e01..5e6993345f 100644 --- a/isa/66/12.md +++ b/isa/66/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother ([Isaiah 66:7-8](./07.md)). +Yahweh continues speaking about Jerusalem as if it were a mother (Isaiah 66:7-8). # like a river ... like an overflowing stream diff --git a/jol/01/01.md b/jol/01/01.md index 4456de2f09..ec22caada6 100644 --- a/jol/01/01.md +++ b/jol/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # the word of Yahweh that came to Joel -This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Joel. Alternate translation: "the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # Pethuel -Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Joel's father diff --git a/jol/01/02.md b/jol/01/02.md index e465197864..e2d6aa8f2c 100644 --- a/jol/01/02.md +++ b/jol/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors? -Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" diff --git a/jol/01/03.md b/jol/01/03.md index fc18f2e493..081c5b3527 100644 --- a/jol/01/03.md +++ b/jol/01/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # their children the next generation -You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. Alternate translation: "let their children tell the generation after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"let their children tell the generation after them" diff --git a/jol/01/04.md b/jol/01/04.md index ca3d4204b1..4527c36e91 100644 --- a/jol/01/04.md +++ b/jol/01/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the swarming locust -large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops # swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar diff --git a/jol/01/05.md b/jol/01/05.md index 6c521a7c5f..0f639c7a28 100644 --- a/jol/01/05.md +++ b/jol/01/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army. - # you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine -If your language has only one word for "weep" and "wail," you can combine the lines: "you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" diff --git a/jol/01/06.md b/jol/01/06.md index 52524d572c..12e9da53e4 100644 --- a/jol/01/06.md +++ b/jol/01/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a nation -The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The locust swarm is like an invading army. # His teeth ... he has the teeth @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nat # His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness. -These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. # my land diff --git a/jol/01/07.md b/jol/01/07.md index 8bea2128c3..920e9dc6c5 100644 --- a/jol/01/07.md +++ b/jol/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# He has made ... He has stripped - -The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they," or to the invader as one person. - # my vineyard ... my fig tree Yahweh's vineyard and fig tree diff --git a/jol/01/08.md b/jol/01/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e167ecc99c..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues speaking to the people of Israel. - diff --git a/jol/01/09.md b/jol/01/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/01/10.md b/jol/01/10.md index 8e3c46da3f..6275e2499b 100644 --- a/jol/01/10.md +++ b/jol/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the ground is mourning -Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: "the farmers are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"the farmers are mourning" # the grain has been destroyed -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" diff --git a/jol/01/11.md b/jol/01/11.md index 117fc36cd8..50d2af843b 100644 --- a/jol/01/11.md +++ b/jol/01/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # barley -a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - +a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread diff --git a/jol/01/12.md b/jol/01/12.md index 7e38f3ba98..96d47e3501 100644 --- a/jol/01/12.md +++ b/jol/01/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ dried up and died # fig ... pomegranate ... apple -different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - +different types of fruit diff --git a/jol/01/13.md b/jol/01/13.md index dc6a5eee58..e307938b3e 100644 --- a/jol/01/13.md +++ b/jol/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God speaks to the priests in Israel - # the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple diff --git a/jol/01/15.md b/jol/01/15.md index a3b4dc8955..1f75244e4b 100644 --- a/jol/01/15.md +++ b/jol/01/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -This is what God is telling the priests to say. - # With it will come destruction from the Almighty -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: "On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" diff --git a/jol/01/16.md b/jol/01/16.md index 6a0876e9c9..aaf79d11b3 100644 --- a/jol/01/16.md +++ b/jol/01/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? -It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." # from before our eyes -"from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. # joy and gladness from the house of our God -You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: "joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# joy and gladness - -These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/18.md b/jol/01/18.md index bb19c49edf..0884bfb280 100644 --- a/jol/01/18.md +++ b/jol/01/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel. - # groan make a deep sound because of pain diff --git a/jol/01/19.md b/jol/01/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/01/intro.md b/jol/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 586969940f..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULB is written in poetic form, but the UDB has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Locusts -This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. - -It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical Questions -The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Joel intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/jol/02/01.md b/jol/02/01.md index ab040eed04..5fa4b3f8f9 100644 --- a/jol/02/01.md +++ b/jol/02/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# Blow the ram's horn ... sound an alarm +# # Blow the ram's horn ... sound an alarm Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming. diff --git a/jol/02/02.md b/jol/02/02.md index 0165a934d5..2d6fede88e 100644 --- a/jol/02/02.md +++ b/jol/02/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # day of darkness and gloom -The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: "day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" # gloom @@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ total or partial darkness # day of clouds and thick darkness -This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: "day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"day full of dark storm clouds" # Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching -When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" # a large and mighty army -The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) it could stand for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. diff --git a/jol/02/03.md b/jol/02/03.md index 46efc4824b..25fb279d40 100644 --- a/jol/02/03.md +++ b/jol/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel's description of the coming army continues. - # A fire is consuming everything in front of it -A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" , whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. # behind it a flame is burning -After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns # land is like the garden of Eden -The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. diff --git a/jol/02/04.md b/jol/02/04.md index ffc66e79b5..57afe8b635 100644 --- a/jol/02/04.md +++ b/jol/02/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The description continues with the noises of an army of horses. - # The army's appearance is like horses -The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. # horses -A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - -# they run like horsemen - -Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. diff --git a/jol/02/05.md b/jol/02/05.md index d6cdd8e061..cd53709bca 100644 --- a/jol/02/05.md +++ b/jol/02/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly. # a noise like that of chariots ... like the sound of fiery flames ... like a mighty army ready for battle -These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel's readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: "a noise that frightens everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"a noise that frightens everyone" diff --git a/jol/02/06.md b/jol/02/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 56f8b1c752..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh. - diff --git a/jol/02/07.md b/jol/02/07.md index 81b33d7c27..154d8764d3 100644 --- a/jol/02/07.md +++ b/jol/02/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers -The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. # walls diff --git a/jol/02/08.md b/jol/02/08.md index 4ad8aba183..ed18727829 100644 --- a/jol/02/08.md +++ b/jol/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues. - # they break through the defenses they overcome the soldiers defending the city. diff --git a/jol/02/09.md b/jol/02/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/10.md b/jol/02/10.md index 7285b69193..03981da743 100644 --- a/jol/02/10.md +++ b/jol/02/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble -Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: "Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" # the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining -This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +This claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. diff --git a/jol/02/11.md b/jol/02/11.md index b3c3754ce4..10736b2614 100644 --- a/jol/02/11.md +++ b/jol/02/11.md @@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ "Yahweh speaks loudly" to give commands. -# great and very terrible - -In this phrase both descriptions mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "greatly terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hendiadys]]) - # Who can endure it? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one will be strong enough to endure Yahweh's judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"No one will be strong enough to endure Yahweh's judgment." # endure diff --git a/jol/02/12.md b/jol/02/12.md index 1ce84a741e..c1787aaca3 100644 --- a/jol/02/12.md +++ b/jol/02/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Return to me with all your heart -The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Alternate translation: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" diff --git a/jol/02/13.md b/jol/02/13.md index d5f4c80a10..e58f7badc2 100644 --- a/jol/02/13.md +++ b/jol/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Tear your heart and not only your garments -The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. Alternate translation: "Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" # abounding in steadfast love -The abstract noun "love" can be stated with the verb "love." Alternate translation: "always showing you that he loves you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"always showing you that he loves you" diff --git a/jol/02/14.md b/jol/02/14.md index a015dee3bf..ddc89ee551 100644 --- a/jol/02/14.md +++ b/jol/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Will he perhaps turn ... God? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." # leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering diff --git a/jol/02/15.md b/jol/02/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/17.md b/jol/02/17.md index c3270b6527..49099164ad 100644 --- a/jol/02/17.md +++ b/jol/02/17.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # your inheritance -Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God's inheritance. Alternate translation: "your special people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your special people" # Why should they say among the nations, 'Where is their God?' -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." diff --git a/jol/02/20.md b/jol/02/20.md index 21b54cac36..ad19a86825 100644 --- a/jol/02/20.md +++ b/jol/02/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues his promise to Israel. - -# northern ... eastern ... western - -These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. - # the eastern sea the Dead Sea @@ -13,8 +5,3 @@ the Dead Sea # the western sea the Mediterranean Sea - -# he has done great things - -That is, Yahweh has done great things. Another possible meaning is that the writer speaks of the invading army, "it has done very bad things." - diff --git a/jol/02/21.md b/jol/02/21.md index 256696a475..5c45a870ac 100644 --- a/jol/02/21.md +++ b/jol/02/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Do not fear, land -Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid, you people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"Do not be afraid, you people of the land" diff --git a/jol/02/22.md b/jol/02/22.md index 02a9f0ec2a..98444d026a 100644 --- a/jol/02/22.md +++ b/jol/02/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Do not fear, you wild animals -Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" # the pastures of the wilderness will sprout -The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. Alternate translation: "plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" diff --git a/jol/02/24.md b/jol/02/24.md index 242da89897..20b40ff8bb 100644 --- a/jol/02/24.md +++ b/jol/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites. - # vats large containers for liquids diff --git a/jol/02/25.md b/jol/02/25.md index 5f06b83fdb..0271165a8b 100644 --- a/jol/02/25.md +++ b/jol/02/25.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust -These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). - +These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. diff --git a/jol/02/26.md b/jol/02/26.md index 2e50cfd5ef..78517ffb9f 100644 --- a/jol/02/26.md +++ b/jol/02/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # praise the name of Yahweh -The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: "praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" ) # the name of Yahweh ... who has done wonders -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: "my name ... because I have done wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"my name ... because I have done wonders" diff --git a/jol/02/27.md b/jol/02/27.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/27.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/28.md b/jol/02/28.md index d3094200cf..d8465a8fe1 100644 --- a/jol/02/28.md +++ b/jol/02/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # It will come about afterward that I "This is what I will do after that: I" # I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh -Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. Alternate translation: "I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# all flesh - -Here "flesh" represents people. Alternate translation: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"I will give my Spirit generously to all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/29.md b/jol/02/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/30.md b/jol/02/30.md index 46aae5935d..571511968e 100644 --- a/jol/02/30.md +++ b/jol/02/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # blood, fire, and pillars of smoke -"blood" is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: "death, fire and pillars of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"death, fire and pillars of smoke" diff --git a/jol/02/31.md b/jol/02/31.md index 95fc99fa34..35738f0832 100644 --- a/jol/02/31.md +++ b/jol/02/31.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # the moon into blood -Here the word "blood" refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: "the moon will turn into blood" or "the moon will become red" or "the moon will become as red as blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"the moon will turn into blood" or "the moon will become red" or "the moon will become as red as blood" diff --git a/jol/02/32.md b/jol/02/32.md index c2b9090dd5..a5c30cefe5 100644 --- a/jol/02/32.md +++ b/jol/02/32.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # It will be that everyone "This is what will happen: everyone" # everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved -The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem - -These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" # among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls -The phrase "there will be" is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" # survivors diff --git a/jol/02/intro.md b/jol/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 84b1534a2d..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Locusts - -This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -#### Metaphor -The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/jol/03/01.md b/jol/03/01.md index 027169f1fb..928e2f6651 100644 --- a/jol/03/01.md +++ b/jol/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Behold "Listen" or "Pay attention" # in those days and at that time -The phrase "at that time" means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase "in those days." Alternate translation: "in those very days" or "at that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"in those very days" or "at that very time" # when I reverse the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem -The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. Alternate translation: "when I cause Judah and Jerusalem to live well again" or "free Judah and Jerusalem from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Judah and Jerusalem - -The names of the cities are metaphors for the people who lived in the cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when I cause the people of Judah and Jerusalem to live well again" or "free the people of Judah and Jerusalem from those who had captured them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/02.md b/jol/03/02.md index 36d325783c..209542eb07 100644 --- a/jol/03/02.md +++ b/jol/03/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. - -# my people and my inheritance Israel - -These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel, who are my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - diff --git a/jol/03/03.md b/jol/03/03.md index 2247a9a947..c48ac47709 100644 --- a/jol/03/03.md +++ b/jol/03/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink -These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: "and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" diff --git a/jol/03/04.md b/jol/03/04.md index 60701b198b..c97fc7b8f5 100644 --- a/jol/03/04.md +++ b/jol/03/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # why are you angry at me ... Philistia? -Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." # Will you repay me? -"Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: "You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." # I will immediately return your repayment on your own head -Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to suffer the way you wanted me to suffer when you repaid me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will cause you to suffer the way you wanted me to suffer when you repaid me" # repayment diff --git a/jol/03/05.md b/jol/03/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/06.md b/jol/03/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/07.md b/jol/03/07.md index c3374ff608..802e226680 100644 --- a/jol/03/07.md +++ b/jol/03/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Look "Pay attention" or "Listen" # out of the place where you sold them -The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. # return payment diff --git a/jol/03/08.md b/jol/03/08.md index ae454c4515..833d5a4c40 100644 --- a/jol/03/08.md +++ b/jol/03/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah -The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" # Sabeans -the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +the people of the land of Sabea diff --git a/jol/03/09.md b/jol/03/09.md index e6d30dea32..384a0cadcb 100644 --- a/jol/03/09.md +++ b/jol/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # rouse the mighty men "make the mighty men ready for action" diff --git a/jol/03/10.md b/jol/03/10.md index f23e9432bf..557ddc2d87 100644 --- a/jol/03/10.md +++ b/jol/03/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears -These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. # plowshares diff --git a/jol/03/11.md b/jol/03/11.md index a58560a3f9..b1281a2fb3 100644 --- a/jol/03/11.md +++ b/jol/03/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - -# Hurry and come ... together there - -These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # gather yourselves together -The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "gather yourselves together for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"gather yourselves together for battle" # Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors -Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. +Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. diff --git a/jol/03/12.md b/jol/03/12.md index 7608865d2f..d651bcb7c6 100644 --- a/jol/03/12.md +++ b/jol/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Let the nations wake themselves ... all the surrounding nations The words "the nations" and "the surrounding nations" refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. - -# Valley of Jehoshaphat - -Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md). - diff --git a/jol/03/13.md b/jol/03/13.md index da8690133a..eda3972222 100644 --- a/jol/03/13.md +++ b/jol/03/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ # Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full -Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe - -Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word "sickle," you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Put in the sickle - -"Swing the sickle to cut the grain." This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. # sickle @@ -20,9 +12,9 @@ a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain # Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full -Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: "Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" # The vats overflow, for their wickedness is great -Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. diff --git a/jol/03/14.md b/jol/03/14.md index 2071b683c8..563431781d 100644 --- a/jol/03/14.md +++ b/jol/03/14.md @@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that the large crowds will make very much noise. -# Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment - -This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen. - # Valley of Judgment -There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "judge" or "punish." Alternate translation: "Valley Where Yahweh Judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Valley Where Yahweh Judges" diff --git a/jol/03/15.md b/jol/03/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/16.md b/jol/03/16.md index 81fcf92682..6d1abd20b2 100644 --- a/jol/03/16.md +++ b/jol/03/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. - # Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem -Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# Yahweh will roar - -Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will roar like a lion" or 2) "Yahweh will roar like thunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" # The heavens and earth will shake -Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh's roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: "Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# will shake - -This word is the past form of the word translated "tremble" in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). +"Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" # Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel -Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" diff --git a/jol/03/17.md b/jol/03/17.md index 003439c2c5..0619a5b6f4 100644 --- a/jol/03/17.md +++ b/jol/03/17.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # foreigners will not pass through her -The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. Foreign armies invading Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were people from another land coming through the city and doing whatever they wanted to do. Alternate translation: "foreign armies will not invade the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"foreign armies will not invade the city" diff --git a/jol/03/18.md b/jol/03/18.md index e7c1f3949a..246173d7f4 100644 --- a/jol/03/18.md +++ b/jol/03/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. - -# It will come about on that day that the mountains - -"This is what will happen on that day: the mountains" Translate "It will come about" as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md). - # the mountains will drip with sweet wine -"sweet wine will drip from the mountains." This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: "On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" # the hills will flow with milk -"milk will flow from the hills." The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" # all the brooks of Judah will flow with water @@ -24,5 +16,4 @@ God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. # Shittim -This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." diff --git a/jol/03/19.md b/jol/03/19.md index d95826f4e2..b207baa9c0 100644 --- a/jol/03/19.md +++ b/jol/03/19.md @@ -6,11 +6,5 @@ "Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there" -# because of the violence done to the people of Judah - -"because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah" - -# because they shed innocent blood in their land - -The word "they" refers to "Edom" and "Egypt" and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words "innocent blood" are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: "because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" diff --git a/jol/03/20.md b/jol/03/20.md index b65b32ea00..c0040e7b9a 100644 --- a/jol/03/20.md +++ b/jol/03/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. - -# Judah will be inhabited forever - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will live in Judah forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" diff --git a/jol/03/21.md b/jol/03/21.md index 8518f96e0f..138b5cb25c 100644 --- a/jol/03/21.md +++ b/jol/03/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged -Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" diff --git a/jol/03/intro.md b/jol/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 855489dea9..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Israel -The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole. - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/jol/front/intro.md b/jol/front/intro.md index 945a6f8724..b40227eb3e 100644 --- a/jol/front/intro.md +++ b/jol/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Joel -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Joel 1. The land ruined; the day of Yahweh is coming (1:1–2:11) @@ -22,33 +20,6 @@ The people of Israel looked forward to "the day of Yahweh" as a day that Yahweh Joel's message applies to the people of God in the church age. For Yahweh says, "I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh" and "everyone who calls on Yahweh will be saved" (2:28 and 2:32, quoted by Peter in Acts 2:17 and 2:21). -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Joel" or just "Joel." Translators may also call it the "The Book about Joel" or "The Sayings of Joel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Joel? This book contains the prophecies of an Israelite named Joel, son of Pethuel. The book does not tell when Joel prophesied. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What is the meaning of the locust attacks in Joel 1 and 2, and of the drought in Joel 2? - -Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. In Chapters 1 and 2, Joel described locust attacks using military terms. He may have been speaking of enemy invaders coming and destroying the land its people. - -There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. - -Joel also described a drought in Chapter 2. It might have been a real lack of rain. Or Joel may have been speaking of either enemy invaders or Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. - -Translators should simply translate the locust attacks and drought as Joel described them and not worry about the various possible meanings. - -### What did Joel prophesy about the future for God's people? - -Joel prophesied that God will defeat Israel's enemies, rebuild the city of Jerusalem, and rule as victorious king over the whole world. At the same time, God will give his Spirit to all his people, and they will receive messages from him in dreams and visions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### How should one translate the poetry of the Book of Joel? - -All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry. The ULB presents it in this way. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose. Translators may choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who want to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - diff --git a/mal/01/01.md b/mal/01/01.md index b3aa4ca109..6903b975eb 100644 --- a/mal/01/01.md +++ b/mal/01/01.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ This can be expressed as a statement. "This is the burden of the word of Yahweh # burden -This is a metaphor for a serious message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for a serious message. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # by the hand of Malachi -The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. Alternate translation: "through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/02.md b/mal/01/02.md index 44e521048a..550997a09a 100644 --- a/mal/01/02.md +++ b/mal/01/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # How have you loved us? -This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have not shown that you love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You have not shown that you love us." # Was not Esau Jacob's brother? -This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." # declares Yahweh @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, # I have loved Jacob -Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" # I have loved Jacob -This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. diff --git a/mal/01/03.md b/mal/01/03.md index 609df59aa7..d7b3e51d8f 100644 --- a/mal/01/03.md +++ b/mal/01/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "hated" implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However # Esau I have hated -This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. # his mountains @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequen # his inheritance -Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. diff --git a/mal/01/04.md b/mal/01/04.md index 58376cc115..05b3e1d7d5 100644 --- a/mal/01/04.md +++ b/mal/01/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # If Edom says -Here "Edom" stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "If the people of Edom say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"If the people of Edom say" # I will throw down -Here "throw down" stands for "destroy." Alternate translation: "I will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy" # country of wickedness -Here "wickedness" stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. Alternate translation: "country of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"country of wicked people" diff --git a/mal/01/05.md b/mal/01/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 809ec28e8c..0000000000 --- a/mal/01/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# Your own eyes will see this - -Here "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. Alternate translation: "You yourselves will see this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - diff --git a/mal/01/06.md b/mal/01/06.md index 15597631b8..ae6e2be851 100644 --- a/mal/01/06.md +++ b/mal/01/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong. - # despise my name -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"treat me as though you hate me" # How have we despised your name? -Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." diff --git a/mal/01/07.md b/mal/01/07.md index 3ee0ca35a7..cd153aa18e 100644 --- a/mal/01/07.md +++ b/mal/01/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # polluted bread -Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. # How have we polluted you? -Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# polluted you - -This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." # table @@ -16,7 +12,7 @@ This refers to an altar. # By saying that Yahweh's table is contemptible. -This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "You have polluted my altar by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"You have polluted my altar by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" # contemptible diff --git a/mal/01/08.md b/mal/01/08.md index 71575ff3a5..290f390687 100644 --- a/mal/01/08.md +++ b/mal/01/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,18 @@ # When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil? -Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" # When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil? -Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? -Here the imperative functions as a condition. Alternate translation: "If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-imperative]]) +"And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!" # Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? -Here Yahweh asks this question in order to remind the people that their governor would never accept defective animals from them. Alternate translation: "If you present that to your governor, you know that the he will not accept you. He will not lift up your face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?" # will he lift up your face -Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: "will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" # Present diff --git a/mal/01/09.md b/mal/01/09.md index 1826acb948..e6a88757ef 100644 --- a/mal/01/09.md +++ b/mal/01/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -# Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us - -Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them. - # keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious -They were speaking nicely to God hoping to convince him to stop being angry with them. Alternate translation: "keep begging God to be gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"keep begging God to be gracious" # with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces? -Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: "if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# with such an offering in your hand - -This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions. +"if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces." # in your hand -Here "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate translation: "brought by you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"brought by you" # would he lift up any of your faces -Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: "would he accept any of you with favor" or "would he agree to help any of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"would he accept any of you with favor" or "would he agree to help any of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/10.md b/mal/01/10.md index aead7df4a9..02a9c2e7c8 100644 --- a/mal/01/10.md +++ b/mal/01/10.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ This expresses great desire. # so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain -Here "light fires on my altar" stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh's altar. Alternate translation: "so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" # from your hand -Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from you" diff --git a/mal/01/11.md b/mal/01/11.md index a942551f8f..8f1837e471 100644 --- a/mal/01/11.md +++ b/mal/01/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # from the rising of the sun to its setting -This double expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +This expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" # my name will be great among the nations -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh's reputation and honor. Alternate translation: "I will be honored in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will be honored in other nations" # in every place incense and pure grain offerings will be offered in my name -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "in these nations people will worship me by offering incense and pure grain offerings to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"in these nations people will worship me by offering incense and pure grain offerings to me" # in my name -Here "name" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/13.md b/mal/01/13.md index ab81a8584f..1bd12a71cf 100644 --- a/mal/01/13.md +++ b/mal/01/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # snort at it -show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +show great disrespect by making noises through the nose # what has been torn @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "what you have stolen from others" or 2) "what a wild a # Should I accept this from your hand? -Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# from your hand - -Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"I should certainly not accept this from you!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/14.md b/mal/01/14.md index 14b23e13d4..9543fad040 100644 --- a/mal/01/14.md +++ b/mal/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # my name will be honored among the nations -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "people in the other nations honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people in the other nations honor my name" # my name will be honored -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will be honored" diff --git a/mal/01/intro.md b/mal/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97e39cba68..0000000000 --- a/mal/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 1 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Yahweh of hosts -This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical questions -There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Malachi intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/02/01.md b/mal/02/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mal/02/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mal/02/02.md b/mal/02/02.md index 668a513830..3a85a9bc1c 100644 --- a/mal/02/02.md +++ b/mal/02/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # lay it on your heart -This refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: "consider it to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# give honor to my name - -The abstract noun "honor" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"consider it to be very important" # my name -Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here this expression refers to God. # I will send a curse on you -The abstract noun "curse" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will curse you" # you are not laying my command on your heart -This refers to considering God's command to be very important. Alternate translation: "you are not considering my command to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you are not considering my command to be very important" diff --git a/mal/02/03.md b/mal/02/03.md index 67dd50bc19..98823058ec 100644 --- a/mal/02/03.md +++ b/mal/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # I will spread dung on your faces -Here "dung on your faces" stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: "I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" # the dung from your festivals -Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. # he will take you away with it -This difficult expression can be translated as "God will take you away with it," that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# he will take you away with it - -Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" diff --git a/mal/02/04.md b/mal/02/04.md index d4862bc80b..664a66cb63 100644 --- a/mal/02/04.md +++ b/mal/02/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Levi -Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: "so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/05.md b/mal/02/05.md index a052000651..a946e18cc2 100644 --- a/mal/02/05.md +++ b/mal/02/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # My covenant with him was life and peace -Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: "The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" # fear, and he feared me -This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: "My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" # in awe of my name -Here "my name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "my name" stands for God himself. diff --git a/mal/02/06.md b/mal/02/06.md index 417480cb3e..a65e5b3bc5 100644 --- a/mal/02/06.md +++ b/mal/02/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ # nothing false was found -Here finding something stands for that thing existing. Alternate translation: "there was no falsehood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"there was no falsehood" # on his lips -Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. # He walked with me -Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. # in peace and uprightness -Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. Alternate translation: "peacefully and uprightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"peacefully and uprightly" # he turned many away from iniquity -Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: "he persuaded many people to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# lips - -Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he persuaded many people to stop sinning" diff --git a/mal/02/07.md b/mal/02/07.md index e963c583b2..54663b7543 100644 --- a/mal/02/07.md +++ b/mal/02/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # For a priest's lips should keep knowledge -Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. # seek instruction -Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "instruction." Alternate translation: "want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# from his mouth - -Here "mouth" stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/08.md b/mal/02/08.md index 047fe7d031..3c690326d8 100644 --- a/mal/02/08.md +++ b/mal/02/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # you have turned away from the true path -The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# You have caused many to stumble - -Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. # You have caused many to stumble with respect to the law -The expression "with respect to the law" gives the context for the "stumbling." Alternate translation: "You have caused many to disobey the law" +"You have caused many to disobey the law" # corrupted the covenant of Levi diff --git a/mal/02/09.md b/mal/02/09.md index 40c456943e..f882631e10 100644 --- a/mal/02/09.md +++ b/mal/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,9 @@ -# before all the people - -This spatial idea stands for the people's awareness of the priests' evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) # kept my ways -Here "ways" stands for "desires" and "behavior." These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. Alternate translation: "followed my desires in how you should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"followed my desires in how you should live" # shown partiality in matters of the law "set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like" -# shown partiality - -Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. Alternate translation: "made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/mal/02/10.md b/mal/02/10.md index 9bb1695dbc..a75d77239f 100644 --- a/mal/02/10.md +++ b/mal/02/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites. - # Is there not one Father for us all? Has not one God created us? -Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. Alternate translation: "You know that we all have one Father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the Father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that we all have one Father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the Father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." # Has not one God created us? -This question is meant to express a statement. Alternate translation: "Certainly it is the same God who has created us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# created us - -This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation. +"Certainly it is the same God who has created us." # Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? -Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. This question may be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." diff --git a/mal/02/11.md b/mal/02/11.md index 962b22fe40..e91cf6724e 100644 --- a/mal/02/11.md +++ b/mal/02/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Judah has been faithless -Here "Judah" stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named "Judah." Alternate translation: "The people of Judah have been faithless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Judah have been faithless" # A disgusting thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" # For Judah has profaned the holy place of Yahweh -Here "Judah" refers again to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" # has married the daughter of a foreign god -The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named "Judah." Alternate translation: "have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" diff --git a/mal/02/12.md b/mal/02/12.md index 1afdff7f2a..f3c942ff3f 100644 --- a/mal/02/12.md +++ b/mal/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who -Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. Alternate translation: "May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" # the tents of Jacob -Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Jacob - -Here "Jacob" stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. # the one who is awake and the one who answers -This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." diff --git a/mal/02/13.md b/mal/02/13.md index 7784307a5b..78a80a7bd9 100644 --- a/mal/02/13.md +++ b/mal/02/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites. - -# You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears - -This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # with weeping and sighing -The words "weeping" and "sighing" share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: "with great weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"with great weeping" # does not turn toward the offering -Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# does not turn toward the offering - -This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. # from your hand -Here "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from you" diff --git a/mal/02/14.md b/mal/02/14.md index e040078af6..ba233e71a3 100644 --- a/mal/02/14.md +++ b/mal/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Why does he not? -The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is "Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" # the wife of your youth @@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is "Why does he not turn to # Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth -This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This statement assumes that this woman is still living. # a witness between you and the wife of your youth -Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. # she was your companion and your wife by covenant -This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. # by covenant diff --git a/mal/02/15.md b/mal/02/15.md index fa0bf53530..2970bc3241 100644 --- a/mal/02/15.md +++ b/mal/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit? -This question may be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." # make them one -This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. Alternate translation: "make husband and wife one flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +"make husband and wife one flesh" # an offspring from God diff --git a/mal/02/16.md b/mal/02/16.md index 28ad0e1a04..992c343d42 100644 --- a/mal/02/16.md +++ b/mal/02/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I hate divorce -Here "divorce" stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. Alternate translation: "I hate it when a man divorces his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I hate it when a man divorces his wife" # the one who covers his garment with violence -This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. # So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless diff --git a/mal/02/17.md b/mal/02/17.md index bb493507fa..4329b482b7 100644 --- a/mal/02/17.md +++ b/mal/02/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ # You have wearied Yahweh -Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that the people have repeatedly offended Yahweh. Alternate translation: "You have offended Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have offended Yahweh" # How have we wearied him? -This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have certainly not wearied him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have certainly not wearied him." # By saying -The complete idea here is, "You have wearied him by saying." This is the prophet's answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You have wearied him by saying." # in the eyes -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"in the opinion" or "in the judgment" # Where is the God of justice? -The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. Alternate translation: "God certainly does not punish evil people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"God certainly does not punish evil people!" # the God of justice diff --git a/mal/02/intro.md b/mal/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 13e0a9c451..0000000000 --- a/mal/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 2 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Levites -The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - -#### Marital unfaithfulness -Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/03/01.md b/mal/03/01.md index bac6bc633e..6e04b2536d 100644 --- a/mal/03/01.md +++ b/mal/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2. - # See "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # he will prepare the way before me -Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Then the Lord, whom you seek ... The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight - -Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULB does. - -# The messenger of the covenant - -Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between "messenger" and "the covenant." The UDB presents "the messenger" as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant. +Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. diff --git a/mal/03/02.md b/mal/03/02.md index c77d6b25e7..d5d0e9f19b 100644 --- a/mal/03/02.md +++ b/mal/03/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # But who will be able to endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears? -These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: "However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." # the day of his coming -Here "day" stands for "time." Alternate translation: "the time when he comes" +"the time when he comes" # be able to stand -Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. # For he will be like a refiner's fire and like laundry soap -This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. diff --git a/mal/03/03.md b/mal/03/03.md index 336b369af4..e0cdb8bbd9 100644 --- a/mal/03/03.md +++ b/mal/03/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# he will purify the sons of Levi +# he will purify the descendants of Levi -Forgiving the sons of Levi and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. Alternate translation: "he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the sons of Levi - -Here "sons" refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# He will sit - -Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" # He will refine them like gold and silver -Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. # they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh -Here "of righteousness" means "motivated by righteous desires to worship God." Alternate translation: "they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" +"they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" diff --git a/mal/03/04.md b/mal/03/04.md index 46d3868aef..f46402fd06 100644 --- a/mal/03/04.md +++ b/mal/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5. - # the offering of Judah and Jerusalem -Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" stand for the people in those places. Alternate translation: "the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" # as in the days of old, and as in ancient years -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "as it was in the distant past" or "as it was a long time ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +"as it was in the distant past" or "as it was a long time ago" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/05.md b/mal/03/05.md index 679b00e8a1..8fa8714137 100644 --- a/mal/03/05.md +++ b/mal/03/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Then I will approach you for judgment -Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: "Then I will approach you in order to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Then I will approach you in order to judge you" # oppress the hired worker in his wages @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: "Then I wil # turn away the foreigner -That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: "deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" diff --git a/mal/03/06.md b/mal/03/06.md index 940e5ce8f0..78da0baa1f 100644 --- a/mal/03/06.md +++ b/mal/03/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # you descendants of Jacob have not been consumed -This can be translated in active form. The word "consumed" is a metaphor for "destroyed." Alternate translation: "I have not consumed you descendants of Jacob" or "you descendants of Jacob have not perished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have not consumed you descendants of Jacob" or "you descendants of Jacob have not perished" diff --git a/mal/03/07.md b/mal/03/07.md index 234ffdd603..fe658976f0 100644 --- a/mal/03/07.md +++ b/mal/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them -Disobeying God's statutes is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: "You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors" # Return to me, and I will return to you -Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: "Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" # How will we return? -The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." diff --git a/mal/03/08.md b/mal/03/08.md index c9c39dfaec..aca661f254 100644 --- a/mal/03/08.md +++ b/mal/03/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # Would a person rob God? -This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: "A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." # How have we robbed you? -This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: "We have certainly not robbed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have certainly not robbed you." # In tithes and offerings -This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: "You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" diff --git a/mal/03/09.md b/mal/03/09.md index cac6e0769d..647fd99b09 100644 --- a/mal/03/09.md +++ b/mal/03/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You are cursed with a curse -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I have certainly cursed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have certainly cursed you" # you are robbing me, the whole nation -Here "nation" stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: "all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" +"all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" diff --git a/mal/03/10.md b/mal/03/10.md index 7755ea99ef..96d89423e6 100644 --- a/mal/03/10.md +++ b/mal/03/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # the full tithe "all the tithes" # my house -Here "house" stands for the temple. Alternate translation: "my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my temple" # and test me now in this ... if I do not open to you the windows of heaven -Here the command "test me" stands for something that the people can do and should do: "if you test me." This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: "And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" diff --git a/mal/03/11.md b/mal/03/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mal/03/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mal/03/12.md b/mal/03/12.md index 1d5c0478ac..9bc9ae8738 100644 --- a/mal/03/12.md +++ b/mal/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # All the nations will call you blessed -Here to be called blessed stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: "All the nations will know that you have been blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# All the nations - -This expression stands for the people in all the nations. Alternate translation: "The people in all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +""The people in all the nations will know that you have been blessed" # a land of delight -Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. diff --git a/mal/03/13.md b/mal/03/13.md index f33a93fc3f..afcdf930ce 100644 --- a/mal/03/13.md +++ b/mal/03/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # Your words against me have been strong -Here "strong" stands for "harsh" or "terrible." And "Your words" stands for "What you have said." Alternate translation: "What you have said about me is terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"What you have said about me is terrible" # What have we said among ourselves against you? -The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not said anything among ourselves against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"We have not said anything among ourselves against you." diff --git a/mal/03/14.md b/mal/03/14.md index ddc5731fe3..abacbe17ca 100644 --- a/mal/03/14.md +++ b/mal/03/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts? -The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: "It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." # walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts -Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# before Yahweh of hosts - -Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. diff --git a/mal/03/15.md b/mal/03/15.md index 6b5adf9d88..74695f85c0 100644 --- a/mal/03/15.md +++ b/mal/03/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # we call those who do evil blessed -Here to "call ... blessed" stands for being blessed. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we say that God has blessed those who do evil" or "we say that those who do evil are well off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"we say that God has blessed those who do evil" or "we say that those who do evil are well off" # escape -That is, "they escape God's punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +That is, "they escape God's punishment." diff --git a/mal/03/16.md b/mal/03/16.md index 90401a8c93..5ed9e637f4 100644 --- a/mal/03/16.md +++ b/mal/03/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins. - # a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. -# book of remembrance - -This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # honored his name -Here "his name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "his name" stands for God himself. diff --git a/mal/03/17.md b/mal/03/17.md index 26285ce30c..aa99414a5a 100644 --- a/mal/03/17.md +++ b/mal/03/17.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # my own treasured possession -Here "possession" refers to one's personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: "they will belong completely to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"they will belong completely to me" # I act diff --git a/mal/03/intro.md b/mal/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcf408eb1f..0000000000 --- a/mal/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 3 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Messiah -There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical questions -Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/04/01.md b/mal/04/01.md index ed80c4aba4..2ff0a2347a 100644 --- a/mal/04/01.md +++ b/mal/04/01.md @@ -4,21 +4,16 @@ # the day is coming, burning like a furnace -The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# arrogant ... evildoers - -See how you translated these wordsd in [Malachi 3:15](../03/15.md). +The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. # all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble -These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: "all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" # The day that is coming will burn them up -Here "the day" stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: "On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"On that day I will burn them up" # it will leave them neither root nor branch -This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: "nothing will be left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"nothing will be left" diff --git a/mal/04/02.md b/mal/04/02.md index 9eea92d4c5..08ec15792a 100644 --- a/mal/04/02.md +++ b/mal/04/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # you who fear my name -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. # the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings @@ -8,13 +8,8 @@ This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his peo # healing in its wings -Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. # wings -It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall - -Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/03.md b/mal/04/03.md index f3bc15bc49..8b7cd42f68 100644 --- a/mal/04/03.md +++ b/mal/04/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet -Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. # they will be ashes -The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)). +The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes diff --git a/mal/04/04.md b/mal/04/04.md index 3602aa3ca1..1a81788070 100644 --- a/mal/04/04.md +++ b/mal/04/04.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is another name for Sinai. # all Israel -Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. # the statutes diff --git a/mal/04/05.md b/mal/04/05.md index a4df39d729..5b38a20343 100644 --- a/mal/04/05.md +++ b/mal/04/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh -Here the occurrence of this day is spoken of as if it were coming. Alternate translation: "before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" # the great and fearful day of Yahweh diff --git a/mal/04/06.md b/mal/04/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf385b9bc1..0000000000 --- a/mal/04/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers - -Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/mal/04/intro.md b/mal/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0d91465bd3..0000000000 --- a/mal/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 4 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Last days -Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/mal/front/intro.md b/mal/front/intro.md index 399bee467a..ed8e55baa1 100644 --- a/mal/front/intro.md +++ b/mal/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Malachi -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of Malachi 1. The word of Yahweh comes to Israel (1:1) @@ -17,17 +15,6 @@ The Book of Malachi is about the prophecies that Malachi spoke to the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. And the Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. Malachi rebuked them for not trusting in Yahweh. But he also promised them that Yahweh would do everything that he promised to do. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -This book traditionally has been titled "Malachi" or "The Book of Malachi." Translators may decide to call it "The Book about Malachi" or "The Sayings of Malachi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Malachi? The prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since "Malachi" means "my messenger," it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, we do not know his real name. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What was meant by the day of Yahweh? - -Malachi spoke about "the day" several times. This is the same as "the day of Yahweh." In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - diff --git a/mic/01/01.md b/mic/01/01.md index b49b93c053..d82133fc70 100644 --- a/mic/01/01.md +++ b/mic/01/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # General Information: -God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel. Micah is written mainly in a poetic form. Most of the prophets wrote to either the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. Micah wrote to both of them at times without clear distinction, as he did in this chapter. # the word of Yahweh that came -This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. Alternate translation: "the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the message that Yahweh spoke" # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # Moresheth -This is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is a town in Judah. # in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ This is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) # which he saw -"which he heard in a vision" - +"which he heard in a vision" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/02.md b/mic/01/02.md index 66c4ce2a3f..a4d64232ba 100644 --- a/mic/01/02.md +++ b/mic/01/02.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria. # Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you -This begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - +This begins Micah's prophecy. He speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/03.md b/mic/01/03.md index 3125e796ea..c10bdf6441 100644 --- a/mic/01/03.md +++ b/mic/01/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # he will come down and tread on the high places of the earth -Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. # he will ... tread @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and begi # the high places of the earth -"the high mountains" - +"the high mountains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/04.md b/mic/01/04.md index 525586f66d..46f571d679 100644 --- a/mic/01/04.md +++ b/mic/01/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart, like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place -Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a hot, solid object that melted the earth as it moved. Alternate translation: "He will crush the mountains and the valleys as he marches over them; he will destroy them, and they will completely disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"He will crush the mountains and the valleys as he marches over them; he will destroy them, and they will completely disappear". Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a hot, solid object that melted the earth as it moved. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/05.md b/mic/01/05.md index 96969bb86a..9af7a0cf46 100644 --- a/mic/01/05.md +++ b/mic/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # because of the sins of the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "because the people of Israel have sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because the people of Israel have sinned against me" # All this is @@ -8,17 +8,16 @@ The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this ca # What is Jacob's transgression? -The name "Jacob" is a metonym for those of his descendants who live in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +The name "Jacob" refers to those of his descendants who live in the northern kingdom of Israel. # Is it not Samaria? -Here "Samaria" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that it is Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that it is Samaria." # What is Judah's high place? -Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?" # Is it not Jerusalem? -Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that it is Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"You know that it is Jerusalem." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/06.md b/mic/01/06.md index cd02d6fda8..eb70980e64 100644 --- a/mic/01/06.md +++ b/mic/01/06.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Here "I" refers to Yahweh. # Samaria ... her stones ... her foundations -Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. Alternate translation: "Samaria ... its stones ... the foundations of the buildings in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Samaria ... its stones ... the foundations of the buildings in the city". Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. # I will pour her stones -Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. - +Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/07.md b/mic/01/07.md index 91c0ab3a82..7c1f156674 100644 --- a/mic/01/07.md +++ b/mic/01/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # her carved figures ... her gifts that she received ... her idols -Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. Alternate translation: "the carved figures in the city ... the gifts that people gave to the temple in the city ... the idols in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the carved figures in the city ... the gifts that people gave to the temple in the city ... the idols in the city" # All her carved figures will be broken to pieces -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will break all her carved figures to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will break all her carved figures to pieces" # all her gifts ... will be burned with fire -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will burn with fire all the gifts that she received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will burn with fire all the gifts that she received" # she received @@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will burn with # I will make all her idols desolate -Making desolate is a metaphor for destroying. Alternate translation: "I will destroy all her idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will destroy all her idols" # Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes again -Yahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Yahweh speaks as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/08.md b/mic/01/08.md index 21a184851a..130774a6dc 100644 --- a/mic/01/08.md +++ b/mic/01/08.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Here "I" refers to Micah. # I will go barefoot and naked -This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. Another possible meaning is "I will look like someone has taken off my clothes; I will be naked" +"I will look like someone has taken off my clothes; I will be naked". This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. # naked @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ probably wearing only a loincloth # like the jackals ... like owls -Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/09.md b/mic/01/09.md index 3ab06b46b1..7d06ca6b44 100644 --- a/mic/01/09.md +++ b/mic/01/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # For her wound is incurable -Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army from destroying the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the city of Samaria and means nothing can stop the enemy army from destroying the people who live there. # for it has come to Judah -Micah uses contagious disease as a metaphor for the army that Yahweh has sent to judge Samaria. Here "it" refers to the "wound," that is, to the army that God will use to punish Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "it" refers to the "wound," that is, to the army that God will use to punish Samaria. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/10.md b/mic/01/10.md index 8f410dd2c8..73ff4775af 100644 --- a/mic/01/10.md +++ b/mic/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Beth Leaphrah -You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" # I roll myself in the dust -People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. Alternate translation: "I roll myself on the ground" or "I roll myself in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"I roll myself on the ground" or "I roll myself in the mud". People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/11.md b/mic/01/11.md index 3b5c7fd159..d19e9c639a 100644 --- a/mic/01/11.md +++ b/mic/01/11.md @@ -1,24 +1,23 @@ # General Information: -The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote. +The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote. # Shaphir -The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." # in nakedness and shame -This idiom makes explicit that the people will be totally naked. Alternate translation: "totally naked and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"totally naked and ashamed" # Zaanan -The name of this city means "go out." They are too afraid to go out and help. +The name of this city means "go out". They are too afraid to go out and help. # Beth Ezel -The name of this city means "house of taking away." +The name of this city means "house of taking away". # for their protection is taken away -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"for I have taken away everything that might protect them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/12.md b/mic/01/12.md index b647e1685b..b4981a1b7d 100644 --- a/mic/01/12.md +++ b/mic/01/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ The name of this city means "bitterness." # disaster has come down from Yahweh -The abstract noun "disaster" is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has caused bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Yahweh has caused bad things to happen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/13.md b/mic/01/13.md index 67f9bffb8c..fb031b1cc4 100644 --- a/mic/01/13.md +++ b/mic/01/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Lachish -The name "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +The name "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. This passage sounds unusual in English because of its construction in Hebrew. The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. # the daughter of Zion -The word "daughter" is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" # for the transgressions of Israel were found in you -This idiom can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/14.md b/mic/01/14.md index 24617f93f4..c603b22c6c 100644 --- a/mic/01/14.md +++ b/mic/01/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Moresheth Gath -You may want to add a footnote saying "The name 'Moresheth' means 'to depart.' It is also similar in sound to the word for 'fiancée.'" In this metaphor, Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes, and the "parting gift" is the dowry, the gift her family gives for her to take into the marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +You may want to add a footnote saying "The name 'Moresheth' means 'to depart.' It is also similar in sound to the word for 'fiancée'". Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes, and the "parting gift" is the dowry, the gift her family gives for her to take into the marriage. # houses of Akzib -The word "houses" here is a metonym for the people who live in the houses. Alternate translation: "people of Akzib" or "town of Akzib" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of Akzib" or "town of Akzib" # Akzib -You may want to add a footnote saying "This name sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'" - +You may want to add a footnote: "This name sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/15.md b/mic/01/15.md index 83173e80ba..96918fb1fc 100644 --- a/mic/01/15.md +++ b/mic/01/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Here "I" refers to Yahweh. # Mareshah -You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for 'conqueror.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +You may want to make a footnote: "The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for 'conqueror'". # Adullam -This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/16.md b/mic/01/16.md index 35d1a8d9ae..4b09b7528f 100644 --- a/mic/01/16.md +++ b/mic/01/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Shave your head and cut off your hair -Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "Shave larger spots than usual on your heads" or 2) "Cut off all your hair and shave your heads," stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"Shave larger spots than usual on your heads" or "Cut off all your hair and shave your heads". Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. # eagles -This word can also be translated "vultures." - +This word can also be translated "vultures". \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/01/intro.md b/mic/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d4726c141..0000000000 --- a/mic/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Micah is written mainly in a poetic form. Most of the prophets wrote to either the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. Micah wrote to both of them at times without clear distinction, as he did in this chapter. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### City Names - -This passage sounds unusual in English because of its construction in Hebrew. It contains several "puns" or "plays on words." The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This poetic element might metaphors describing the actual way they will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Micah intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/02/01.md b/mic/02/01.md index e383491a6f..66ff549a1a 100644 --- a/mic/02/01.md +++ b/mic/02/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # General Information: -Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. - +Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands. This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/02.md b/mic/02/02.md index 082a1be9bf..8f78cfcd80 100644 --- a/mic/02/02.md +++ b/mic/02/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # They oppress a man -"They oppress any man they choose to oppress." This is a generalization. Micah is not speaking of one individual man here. - +"They oppress any man they choose to oppress". Micah is not speaking of one individual man here. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/03.md b/mic/02/03.md index 8fa237f0b9..c5d8109e63 100644 --- a/mic/02/03.md +++ b/mic/02/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah begins to quote a long speech by Yahweh. - # Look -"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention" +"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention". Micah begins to quote a long speech by Yahweh. # disaster -See how you translated this in [Micah 1:12](../01/12.md). +See how you translated this in Micah 1:12. # this clan -This "clan" refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation. +This refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation. # from which you will not remove your necks -Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were putting a yoke around their necks. Alternate translation: "from which you will not be able to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"from which you will not be able to escape". Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were putting a yoke around their necks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/04.md b/mic/02/04.md index 17581a74d1..42d7146fe7 100644 --- a/mic/02/04.md +++ b/mic/02/04.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech to the people. - # sing a taunting song about you "sing a song to make fun of you" # lament with a wailing lamentation -"they will cry loudly." They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"they will cry loudly." They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. # We Israelites ... to traitors -This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. # Yahweh changes the portion of my people -This is probably a euphemism that means that Yahweh has given the land to other people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gives away the land that belongs to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +"Yahweh gives away the land that belongs to my people" # How can he remove it from me? -The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "How wrong he is to take it from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +"How wrong he is to take it from me!" The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/05.md b/mic/02/05.md index 43120cbda8..8065f57a38 100644 --- a/mic/02/05.md +++ b/mic/02/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech to the people. - # Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh -Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. - +Possible meanings are: Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/06.md b/mic/02/06.md index ef47da136d..7464e47a3b 100644 --- a/mic/02/06.md +++ b/mic/02/06.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech to the people. Here Yahweh speaks to fal # Do not prophesy -The speakers are speaking to Micah and others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The speakers are speaking to Micah and others, so this is plural. # They must not prophesy @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The speakers are speaking to Micah and others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://e # disgrace will not overtake us -Disgrace is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "we will not be disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"we will not be disgraced". Disgrace is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/07.md b/mic/02/07.md index be077994c1..ef2496deca 100644 --- a/mic/02/07.md +++ b/mic/02/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # General Information: -Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech to the people, specifically to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power. +Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech, specifically to false prophets and to the rich who have abused their power. # Should it really be said, ... "Is the Spirit of Yahweh impatient? Are these really his deeds?" -Micah is using a rhetorical question to scold the Israelites, who themselves are asking rhetorical questions to deny that Yahweh is angry with them. This can be translated as a series of statements, and Micah's question can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Should you really ask, ... 'Is the Spirit of Yahweh impatient? Are these really his deeds?'" or "You should not say, ... 'The Spirit of Yahweh is not impatient. These are not really his deeds'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Should you really ask, ... 'Is the Spirit of Yahweh impatient? Are these really his deeds?'" or "You should not say, ... 'The Spirit of Yahweh is not impatient. These are not really his deeds'". Micah is using a rhetorical question to scold the Israelites, who themselves are asking rhetorical questions to deny that Yahweh is angry with them. # house of Jacob -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Alternate translation: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"descendants of Jacob" # "Is the Spirit of Yahweh impatient? Are these really his deeds?" -Possible meanings are 1) these are real questions and the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act, or 2) these are rhetorical questions and the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. +Possible meanings are: these are real questions and the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act, or these are rhetorical questions and the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. # Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? -Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "My message does good to those who walk uprightly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"My message does good to those who walk uprightly." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/08.md b/mic/02/08.md index 56afb7997e..fc5f59f8b0 100644 --- a/mic/02/08.md +++ b/mic/02/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues quoting Yahweh's speech to the people, specifically to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power. - # my people -This refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people. +This refers to Micah's people or Yahweh's people. # You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly -Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Possible meanings are: the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/09.md b/mic/02/09.md index 5a9bf7c74a..00b614fefd 100644 --- a/mic/02/09.md +++ b/mic/02/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. - # you take my splendor from their young children forever -The word "splendor" refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. - +The word "splendor" refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to being landowners in Israel or a promising future or to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/10.md b/mic/02/10.md index 21c89c63bb..e467e32a66 100644 --- a/mic/02/10.md +++ b/mic/02/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. # it is destroyed with complete destruction -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will completely destroy it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/11.md b/mic/02/11.md index b3a0a9a8d6..d5a6944f55 100644 --- a/mic/02/11.md +++ b/mic/02/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. - # comes to you ... will prophesy to you -Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of "you" are plural. # he would be considered -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people would consider him" or "you would consider him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +"the people would consider him" or "you would consider him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/12.md b/mic/02/12.md index 5908a0c293..2a61194613 100644 --- a/mic/02/12.md +++ b/mic/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. +At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. # all of you, Jacob -Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word "you" is plural. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/13.md b/mic/02/13.md index eb75a3dbaf..b6bb452288 100644 --- a/mic/02/13.md +++ b/mic/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria. - # Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head. -This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city. - +This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/intro.md b/mic/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b685b7c1e..0000000000 --- a/mic/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter -#### Context -Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/03/01.md b/mic/03/01.md index 4045d47aed..6ab1d9f895 100644 --- a/mic/03/01.md +++ b/mic/03/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel. +Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel. An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. # I said @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Here "I" refers to Micah. # Is it not right for you to understand justice? -Micah is scolding the leaders. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You act as though you think it is wrong for you to understand justice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"You act as though you think it is wrong for you to understand justice". Micah is scolding the leaders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/02.md b/mic/03/02.md index 912ae9c119..2352aebc6a 100644 --- a/mic/03/02.md +++ b/mic/03/02.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Micah begins to compare the leaders of Israel to butchers. # hate good and love evil -These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "hate everything that is good and love everything that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"hate everything that is good and love everything that is evil" # you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones -A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +A butcher cutting up animals into meat refers to the leaders being cruel to the poor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/03.md b/mic/03/03.md index 50a5af0b04..2c012dbc74 100644 --- a/mic/03/03.md +++ b/mic/03/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers. # just like meat in a cauldron -A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This refers to the leaders being cruel to the poor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/04.md b/mic/03/04.md index 4a586ba738..db05d78c53 100644 --- a/mic/03/04.md +++ b/mic/03/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues speaking. - # cry out to Yahweh "shout to Yahweh for help" @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Micah continues speaking. # He will hide his face from you -Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. Alternate translation: "He will turn his face away from you and cover it" or "You will see that he has no desire to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"He will turn his face away from you and cover it" or "You will see that he has no desire to help you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/05.md b/mic/03/05.md index faebdaa350..e871a8de8c 100644 --- a/mic/03/05.md +++ b/mic/03/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets. - # who lead my people astray -Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. Alternate translation: "who lead my people to disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"who lead my people to disobey me". Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets. # if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, 'Peace.' -Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "something to eat" is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. Alternate translation: "they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people". Micah refers to a situation that actually happens. The phrase "something to eat" is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. # if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him -Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "puts nothing in their mouths" is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. Alternate translation: "they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +"they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little". The phrase "puts nothing in their mouths" is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/06.md b/mic/03/06.md index fd1e75bf0c..8e632f79cc 100644 --- a/mic/03/06.md +++ b/mic/03/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on them -Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. # no vision for you -"you will no longer see visions" - +"you will no longer see visions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/07.md b/mic/03/07.md index 9e5876f1bb..ba2a1aa39b 100644 --- a/mic/03/07.md +++ b/mic/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be embarrassed -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will embarrass the diviners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will embarrass the diviners" # All of them will cover their lips -Here "lips" represents speaking. Alternate translation: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They shall no longer speak" # there is no answer from God -"God will be silent" - +"God will be silent" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/08.md b/mic/03/08.md index e8c63cf0cd..dcbb8ab3e2 100644 --- a/mic/03/08.md +++ b/mic/03/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Here "me" refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false # I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might -Micah speaks of himself as if he were a container into which Yahweh were pouring a liquid. Alternate translation: "the Spirit of Yahweh has given me power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has enabled me to be strong, to declare what justice is, and to be mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the Spirit of Yahweh has given me power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has enabled me to be strong, to declare what justice is, and to be mighty" # to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin -Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for Jacob's descendants. Micah uses both names to emphasize that all of his descendants are guilty of sin. The abstract nouns "transgression" and "sin" can be translated using verbs. Alternate translation: "to declare to Jacob's descendants that they have broken Yahweh's law; I am telling the people of Israel that they have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"to declare to Jacob's descendants that they have broken Yahweh's law; I am telling the people of Israel that they have all sinned". Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for Jacob's descendants. Micah uses both names to emphasize that all of his descendants are guilty of sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/09.md b/mic/03/09.md index aad4feab82..59c93766c1 100644 --- a/mic/03/09.md +++ b/mic/03/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # house of Jacob -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Alternate translation: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"descendants of Jacob" # the house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: "descendants of Israel" or "you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"descendants of Israel" or "you Israelites" # detest -strongly dislike - +strongly dislike \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/10.md b/mic/03/10.md index 7a072adcd6..78e2413c5d 100644 --- a/mic/03/10.md +++ b/mic/03/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # You build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity -"Blood" here is a metonym for murder, and "Zion" and "Jerusalem" are spoken of as if they were buildings. Micah speaks of the rich murdering people and sinning in other ways as if those activities were the bricks and wood with which people use to build houses. Alternate translation: "You commit murder and other horrible sins as you work to make Zion and Jerusalem great" or "You commit murder as you worship in Zion, and you commit other sins as you get rich in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"You commit murder and other horrible sins as you work to make Zion and Jerusalem great" or "You commit murder as you worship in Zion, and you commit other sins as you get rich in Jerusalem". Micah speaks of the rich murdering people and sinning in other ways as if those activities were the bricks and wood with which people use to build houses. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/11.md b/mic/03/11.md index 163c7fb1fb..aedce761a3 100644 --- a/mic/03/11.md +++ b/mic/03/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Is not Yahweh with us? -The leaders strongly believe that Yahweh is with them. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "We know that Yahweh is with us!" or "We know that Yahweh will help us do what we want to do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We know that Yahweh is with us!" or "We know that Yahweh will help us do what we want to do!" # evil -See how you translated "disaster" in [Micah 1:12](../01/12.md). - +See how you translated "disaster" in Micah 1:12. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/12.md b/mic/03/12.md index 4db08f032b..00a00964bf 100644 --- a/mic/03/12.md +++ b/mic/03/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # because of you -Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders ([Micah 3:11](../03/11.md)). +Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders. See the previous verse. # Zion ... Jerusalem ... hill of the temple -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking, respectively, of the royal palace, the places where the people of Jerusalem lived and did business, and the area where the temple was located or 2) he is referring to Jerusalem as a whole three times by synecdoche. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Possible meanings are: Yahweh is speaking, respectively, of the royal palace, the places where the people of Jerusalem lived and did business, and the area where the temple was located or he is referring to Jerusalem as a whole three times. # Zion will become a plowed field -When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt, uproots and removes all the plants growing there, and leaves it clear so he can plant it. Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy Zion. Alternate translation: "Zion will become like a field that a farmer has cleared so he can plant it" or "Zion will no longer have buildings on it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Zion will become like a field that a farmer has cleared so he can plant it" or "Zion will no longer have buildings on it". Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy Zion. # Zion @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ the royal palace in Jerusalem # high places of a thicket -Here the word "thicket" describes the phrase "high place." A thicket is a place with so many bushes that no one can use it for anything. The phrase "high place" is often used for a place for false worship. The hill of the temple had been the most important land in Jerusalem, but now it would become useless even for false worship. - +A thicket is a place with so many bushes that no one can use it for anything. The phrase "high place" refers to a place for false worship. The hill of the temple had been the most important land in Jerusalem, but now it would become useless. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/03/intro.md b/mic/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7cb23ac991..0000000000 --- a/mic/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 3 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter -#### Justice -An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphors -There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/04/01.md b/mic/04/01.md index 61fead7e3d..96fb12e0a5 100644 --- a/mic/04/01.md +++ b/mic/04/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ +# General Information + +This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. + # the mountain ... other mountains -Yahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh refers to making his temple the most important place on earth. # the mountain of the house of Yahweh will be established -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" or "Yahweh will make the mountain on which his temple is built great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" or "Yahweh will make the mountain on which his temple is built great" # over the other mountains @@ -12,9 +16,8 @@ Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean t # It will be exalted above the hills -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will exalt it above the hills" or "Yahweh will make it higher than the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh will exalt it above the hills" or "Yahweh will make it higher than the hills" # peoples will stream to it -A stream flows continually to one place from many directions. Many people come to the temple mount from different directions. Alternate translation: "the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "the people of the nations will go to it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/02.md b/mic/04/02.md index 016314c7dd..c39c5ce75e 100644 --- a/mic/04/02.md +++ b/mic/04/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # Many nations -The word "nations" is a metonym for the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "The people from many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people from many nations" # Come -This is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +This is plural. # He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths -Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. "Walk" means they will obey what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. "Walk" means they will obey what he says. # from Zion the law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem -The law and the word going out is a metaphor for people hearing it and then being messengers to tell other people about it in other places. Alternate translation: "people will listen to the law in Zion and go out and tell others; they will listen to the word of Yahweh in Jerusalem and go out and tell others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"people will listen to the law in Zion and go out and tell others; they will listen to the word of Yahweh in Jerusalem and go out and tell others" # and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem -The words "will go out" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem". The words "will go out" are understood from the previous phrase. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/03.md b/mic/04/03.md index 1c22a80e01..eb999cc463 100644 --- a/mic/04/03.md +++ b/mic/04/03.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants # will not lift up sword -will not threaten to start a war - +will not threaten to start a war \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/04.md b/mic/04/04.md index cced2d5f68..3dda723d03 100644 --- a/mic/04/04.md +++ b/mic/04/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ Micah continues describing the "last days" when people learn and obey Yahweh's l # they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree -Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate translation: "they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields". This describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. # for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken -The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/05.md b/mic/04/05.md index 18cda8fbcd..8a64f57206 100644 --- a/mic/04/05.md +++ b/mic/04/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the peoples walk ... in the name of their god ... we will walk in the name of Yahweh -Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one's life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. Alternate translation: "the peoples ... worship and obey their god ... we will worship and obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the peoples ... worship and obey their god ... we will worship and obey Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/06.md b/mic/04/06.md index 615cc1c4f5..02a833d5ae 100644 --- a/mic/04/06.md +++ b/mic/04/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the lame -This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +This refers to those who cannot walk well or any form of disability. # gather the outcast -"gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem" - +"gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/07.md b/mic/04/07.md index 9b0dd900fe..f6f1486ea4 100644 --- a/mic/04/07.md +++ b/mic/04/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the ones driven away into a strong nation -The words "I will turn" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. The phrase "the ones driven away" can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "I will turn the ones I drove away into a strong nation" or "I will make the ones I forcefully sent away into a strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"I will turn the ones I drove away into a strong nation" or "I will make the ones I forcefully sent away into a strong nation". The words "I will turn" are understood from the previous phrase. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/08.md b/mic/04/08.md index 0481e8ab5c..9531f91c6b 100644 --- a/mic/04/08.md +++ b/mic/04/08.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—to you it will come, your former dominion -Micah speaks to the people of Jerusalem by speaking to the temple mount as if it could hear him. You may need to make explicit that Micah is giving his message to the people. Alternate translation: "As for the temple mount, the place from which Yahweh watches over you, his sheep, the place that Jerusalem's people are most proud of—its former dominion will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"As for the temple mount, the place from which Yahweh watches over you, his sheep, the place that Jerusalem's people are most proud of—its former dominion will return". Micah speaks to the people of Jerusalem by speaking to the temple mount as if it could hear him. # watchtower for the flock -The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. # daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: "people who live in Zion ... people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"people who live in Zion ... people who live in Jerusalem" # hill -Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean "fortress" or "stronghold" here. +Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean "fortress" or "stronghold". # to you it will come, your former dominion -The abstract noun "dominion" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "you will rule over the nations as you did before" or "I will make you rule over the nations as you did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"you will rule over the nations as you did before" or "I will make you rule over the nations as you did before" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/09.md b/mic/04/09.md index 1ab630853d..17abff942d 100644 --- a/mic/04/09.md +++ b/mic/04/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Now, why do you shout so loudly? -Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Look at how you are shouting loudly." or "Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Look at how you are shouting loudly" or "Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly". Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. # Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain like a woman in labor seizes you? -Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby". # pain like a woman in labor seizes you -Possible meanings of this simile are 1) Micah is describing the pain itself, that it is as strong as the pain a woman in labor feels or 2) he is describing the manner in which the pain seizes the people, that it seizes them totally and uncontrollably, the way a woman in labor can think only about her pain and delivering her baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Possible meanings are: Micah is describing the pain itself, that it is as strong as the pain a woman in labor feels or he is describing the manner in which the pain seizes the people, that it seizes them totally and uncontrollably, the way a woman in labor can think only about her pain and delivering her baby. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/10.md b/mic/04/10.md index e7732b6442..16f5a87b55 100644 --- a/mic/04/10.md +++ b/mic/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Be in pain ... like a woman in labor -Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Micah compares the suffering the people will experience to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth. # There you will be rescued -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "There Yahweh will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"There Yahweh will rescue you" # the hand of your enemies -Possible meanings for the word "hand" are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: "the power of your enemies" or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"the power of your enemies" or "your enemies" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/11.md b/mic/04/11.md index 363b0c3af9..7a717c9f1b 100644 --- a/mic/04/11.md +++ b/mic/04/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. - # Let her be defiled -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let us defile her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Let us defile her". Jerusalem will defeat her enemies. # let our eyes gloat over Zion -The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/12.md b/mic/04/12.md index 337a58016a..bfb61a458a 100644 --- a/mic/04/12.md +++ b/mic/04/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # for he has gathered them like bundles of grain prepared for the threshing floor -The writer speaks of Yahweh being ready to destroy the nations as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is now ready to thresh them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +The writer speaks as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is ready to thresh them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/13.md b/mic/04/13.md index 08f53c995d..2f96f980b9 100644 --- a/mic/04/13.md +++ b/mic/04/13.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor ([Micah 4:12](../04/12.md)). +Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor. See Micah 4:12. # Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ... your horn ... your hooves ... You will crush -All instances of "your" and "you," as well as the commands, refer to the "daughter of Zion" and so are singular and feminine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +All instances of "your" and "you," as well as the commands, refer to the "daughter of Zion" and are singular and feminine. # Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze -Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. # I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze -If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: "for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +"for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy" # their unjust gain @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the m # their wealth -The abstract noun "wealth" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "the things that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"the things that they own" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/04/intro.md b/mic/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index aede4ab088..0000000000 --- a/mic/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 4 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Remanant -Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/05/01.md b/mic/05/01.md index 2abe9ca32b..82f837f6de 100644 --- a/mic/05/01.md +++ b/mic/05/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ +# General Information + +Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes "I" is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as "you" and begins speaking about them as "we" or "us." + # daughter of soldiers -The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: "people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking" # With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek -The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel" # the judge of Israel -This irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +This describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/02.md b/mic/05/02.md index 83a4b5e39c..cf9861af28 100644 --- a/mic/05/02.md +++ b/mic/05/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ +# General Information + +This chapter (verse 2) contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah (Jesus) was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in Matthew 2:1 & 6, Luke 2:4, John 7:42. + # But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah -Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. # Ephrathah -This is either the name of the area in which Bethlehem was situated or it is just another name for Bethlehem or it distinguishes this Bethlehem from another. Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem. It was the hometown of King David. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Ephrathah' means 'to be fruitful.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"to be fruitful". # even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will come @@ -16,5 +20,4 @@ Here "me" refers to Yahweh. # whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting -This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. The phrases "from ancient times" and "from everlasting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how old this family line is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/03.md b/mic/05/03.md index d5232b018f..f4ff084765 100644 --- a/mic/05/03.md +++ b/mic/05/03.md @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time. # the rest of his brothers -"the rest of the ruler's fellow Israelites," who are in exile - +"the rest of the ruler's fellow Israelites," who are in exile \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/04.md b/mic/05/04.md index 41b6c32670..bb1d787c65 100644 --- a/mic/05/04.md +++ b/mic/05/04.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem. # He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh -A shepherd, who feeds and protects his sheep, is a metaphor for the ruler, who will provide for and protect the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will give him the strength to lead his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will give him the strength to lead his people". A shepherd refers to the ruler, who will provide for and protect the people of Israel. # in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God -The person's name is a metonym for person's authority. Alternate translation: "and people will honor him because Yahweh his God has given him the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"and people will honor him because Yahweh his God has given him the authority to rule" # They will remain @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ the people of Israel will remain # he will be great to the ends of the earth -All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. - +All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/05.md b/mic/05/05.md index 4baff5e424..239afca932 100644 --- a/mic/05/05.md +++ b/mic/05/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # seven shepherds and eight leaders over men -Here "shepherds" is a metonym for "rulers," another way of saying "leaders over men." The phrase "seven ... and eight" is an idiom for "more than enough." Alternate translation: "enough, even more than enough, rulers" or "more than enough shepherds and leaders over men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"enough, even more than enough, rulers" or "more than enough shepherds and leaders over men" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/06.md b/mic/05/06.md index 477df7b130..7e4f3675df 100644 --- a/mic/05/06.md +++ b/mic/05/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # They will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in its entrances -The sword is a metonym for killing in war. Here the Israelites ruling over the Assyrians is spoken of ironically as if they were killing sheep instead of herding them. The land of Assyria is a metonym for the people who live there. The entrances to cities were where official business took place. Alternate translation: "They will make war against the people of Assyria, and they will rule the cities of the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They will make war against the people of Assyria, and they will rule the cities of the land of Nimrod" # and the land of Nimrod -The words "they will shepherd" are understood from the beginning of the sentence. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: "and they will shepherd the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"and they will shepherd the land of Nimrod" # land of Nimrod -This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early ruler. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early ruler. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" # He will rescue -The ruler will rescue - +The ruler will rescue \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/07.md b/mic/05/07.md index 58d86e6bf2..2100ad8f03 100644 --- a/mic/05/07.md +++ b/mic/05/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass -Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. # grass, that do not wait for a man, and they do not wait for the children -"grass. It is not for a man that they wait, nor is it for the children." It is Yahweh alone who causes dew and rain showers. - +"grass. It is not for a man that they wait, nor is it for the children." It is Yahweh alone who causes dew and rain showers. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/08.md b/mic/05/08.md index d8968eb0c4..2573ee75d9 100644 --- a/mic/05/08.md +++ b/mic/05/08.md @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ descendants of Jacob who survive the war # among the nations, among many peoples -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the "remnant of Jacob" will live in many different nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases emphasize that the "remnant of Jacob" will live in many different nations. # like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep -Lions are able to kill and eat any wild animal of the forest, and they easily kill sheep. Alternate translation: "like the fiercest of wild animals, like a wild animal that kills helpless livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"like the fiercest of wild animals, like a wild animal that kills helpless livestock" # When he goes through them @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ when the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep # will trample over them and tear -"will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear" - +"will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/09.md b/mic/05/09.md index 1aea93f999..e4a2707cb8 100644 --- a/mic/05/09.md +++ b/mic/05/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Your hand ... your enemies -The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so both instances of "your" are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so both instances of "your" are masculine singular. # Your hand will be lifted against your enemies -The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the whole person. To lift the hand is to exercise power. Alternate translation: "You will completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"You will completely defeat your enemies" # it will destroy them -The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "you will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"you will destroy them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/10.md b/mic/05/10.md index 656b771882..bfa76a3f28 100644 --- a/mic/05/10.md +++ b/mic/05/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots -The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. # your horses ... among you ... your chariots -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/11.md b/mic/05/11.md index 67d1e088a4..10c3b84e91 100644 --- a/mic/05/11.md +++ b/mic/05/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # your land ... your strongholds -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/12.md b/mic/05/12.md index 257efbb56e..ad993fed4d 100644 --- a/mic/05/12.md +++ b/mic/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # the witchcraft in your hand -Being in the "hand" represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: "the witchcraft that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the witchcraft that you do" # your hand ... you will -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/13.md b/mic/05/13.md index d51ed3bad6..5f9a5e3697 100644 --- a/mic/05/13.md +++ b/mic/05/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your hands -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. # the workmanship of your hands -The abstract noun "workmanship" can be translated using the verb "make." Alternate translation: "what your hands have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"what your hands have made" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/14.md b/mic/05/14.md index a7f6913e5a..90a6b607e8 100644 --- a/mic/05/14.md +++ b/mic/05/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # your Asherah ... among you ... your cities -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. # will uproot your Asherah poles -Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: "will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/05/15.md b/mic/05/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mic/05/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mic/05/intro.md b/mic/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3e7979bed1..0000000000 --- a/mic/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 5 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Messiah -This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Change in Personal Pronouns -Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes "I" is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as "you" and begins speaking about them as "we" or "us." - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/06/01.md b/mic/06/01.md index 137cb3d3ed..f01b17cbe1 100644 --- a/mic/06/01.md +++ b/mic/06/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information -It is not clear who is speaking in verses 1 and 2. In verse 1, two possibilities are that Yahweh tells the people of Israel to arise and state their case, or that Micah tells Yahweh to arise and state his case. In verse 2, two possibilities are that Yahweh is speaking to the mountains or that Micah is speaking to the mountains. The ULB has arranged the quote marks in a way that indicates that in verse 1, Yahweh tells his people to state their case, and in verse 2 Yahweh speaks to the mountains. +This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against his people. It is not clear who is speaking in verses 1 and 2. In verse 1, two possibilities are that Yahweh tells the people of Israel to arise and state their case, or that Micah tells Yahweh to arise and state his case. In verse 2, two possibilities are that Yahweh is speaking to the mountains or that Micah is speaking to the mountains. The ULB has arranged the quote marks in a way that indicates that in verse 1, Yahweh tells his people to state their case, and in verse 2 Yahweh speaks to the mountains. # Now listen @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ God is speaking to his people. # Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice -Yahweh says this to the people of Israel. He speaks as if he, his people, and the mountains and the hills were in court and as if the mountains and hills could hear what his people would say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh says this to the people of Israel. He speaks as if he, his people, and the mountains and the hills were in court and as if the mountains and hills could hear what his people would say. # state your case -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is telling his people to say what they think he has done wrong to them, or 2) Yahweh is telling his people to answer the accusation he will make against them. - +Possible meanings are: Yahweh is telling his people to say what they think he has done wrong to them or Yahweh is telling his people to answer the accusation he will make against them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/02.md b/mic/06/02.md index 0cd5b6f428..d43394bc0c 100644 --- a/mic/06/02.md +++ b/mic/06/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Hear, you mountains, Yahweh's accusation -Yahweh continues to speak as if he is in court and the mountains would hear his accusation against his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh continues to speak as if he is in court and the mountains would hear his accusation against his people. # you mountains ... you enduring foundations of the earth -Possible meanings are 1) these two phrases both refer to the mountains, or 2) the mountains and the foundations of the earth are two different parts of the world. - +Possible meanings are: these two phrases both refer to the mountains or the mountains and the foundations of the earth are two different parts of the world. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/03.md b/mic/06/03.md index 4b05eda99b..1b1b7fb9f6 100644 --- a/mic/06/03.md +++ b/mic/06/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh begins his to accuse the people of Israel as he said he would in ([Micah 6:2](./02.md)). +Yahweh begins his to accuse the people of Israel as he said he would in Micah 6:2. # My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Answer me! -God uses questions to emphasize that he is good and has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: "My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have done anything wrong, tell me, now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have done anything wrong, tell me, now." # to you ... wearied you? Answer -Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - +Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/04.md b/mic/06/04.md index ec69c1b025..7d3924e7d6 100644 --- a/mic/06/04.md +++ b/mic/06/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # brought you ... rescued you ... Miriam to you -Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. # house of bondage -A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun "bondage" can be translated as "to be slaves." Alternate translation: "the place where you were slaves for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the place where you were slaves for a long time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/05.md b/mic/06/05.md index 391494d456..3b6ca1785f 100644 --- a/mic/06/05.md +++ b/mic/06/05.md @@ -1,27 +1,26 @@ # remember ... you went ... you may know -Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular # what Balak ... devised "the plans Balak ... made to harm you" # how Balaam ... answered him -Balak had told Balaam to curse Israel, but instead, Balaam blessed Israel. Alternate translation: "how Balaam ... responded" or "how Balaam ... said that he would bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +. "how Balaam ... responded" or "how Balaam ... said that he would bless you". Balak had told Balaam to curse Israel, but instead, Balaam blessed Israel. # Beor -This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of Balaam's father. # as you went from Shittim to Gilgal -Shittim was the last place the Israelites camped in before they miraculously crossed the Jordan river. Gilgal was the first place they camped in after they crossed the river. God wanted them to remember what happened there. Alternate translation: "Remember what happened as you went from Shittim to Gilgal" +"Remember what happened as you went from Shittim to Gilgal". Shittim was the last place the Israelites camped in before they miraculously crossed the Jordan river. Gilgal was the first place they camped in after they crossed the river. God wanted them to remember what happened there. # Shittim -The Hebrew word "shittim" means "acacias." An accacia is a kind of tree, and there was a grove of acacias there. Alternate translation: "Acacia" or "Acacia grove" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Acacia" or "Acacia grove". The Hebrew word "shittim" means "acacias." An accacia is a kind of tree. # so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh -Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. Alternate translation: "so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you". Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/06.md b/mic/06/06.md index a061306b04..c1a0e08067 100644 --- a/mic/06/06.md +++ b/mic/06/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # What should I bring to Yahweh ... God on high? Should I come ... old? -Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that I do not need to bring to Yahweh ... God on high or to come ... old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"I know that I do not need to bring to Yahweh ... God on high or to come ... old". Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are: he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or he is using questions to teach the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/07.md b/mic/06/07.md index b545a5a59a..71b07b12b3 100644 --- a/mic/06/07.md +++ b/mic/06/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin of my soul? -Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin of my soul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I know that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin of my soul". Micah continues to speak as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. # thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil -"rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" # the sin of my soul -The soul is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"my sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/08.md b/mic/06/08.md index edcbf2f071..5414620a89 100644 --- a/mic/06/08.md +++ b/mic/06/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act ... God -Many modern translations read, "good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act ... God." or "good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act ... God?" +"good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act ... God." or "good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act ... God". This verse is a very imprortant truth that is repeated throughout the Bible. See Deuteronomy 10:12, Proverbs 21:3, Ecclesiastes 12:13 and Isaiah 56:1. # love kindness -The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated using the adjective "kind." Alternate translation: "love being kind to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"love being kind to people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/09.md b/mic/06/09.md index ad8ca5dcba..85ccb6e6ab 100644 --- a/mic/06/09.md +++ b/mic/06/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # even now wisdom fears your name -Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word "name" here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: "and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you". # Listen to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place -Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/10.md b/mic/06/10.md index ad8d8b5a00..197cbb9ce0 100644 --- a/mic/06/10.md +++ b/mic/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest -Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words "the wicked" refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: "Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth" # false measures -incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade - +incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/11.md b/mic/06/11.md index 8fd3e7af53..7467753dac 100644 --- a/mic/06/11.md +++ b/mic/06/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Should I consider a person to be innocent ... weights? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I certainly will not consider a person innocent ... weights." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I certainly will not consider a person innocent ... weights." # deceptive weights -weights with which sellers deceive buyers - +weights with which sellers deceive buyers \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/12.md b/mic/06/12.md index 55bd5e987d..e9c8ac870e 100644 --- a/mic/06/12.md +++ b/mic/06/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The rich men are full of violence -Rich men are spoken of as if they were containers, and people treating each other violently is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: "The rich men act violently toward everyone" or "The rich men act violently all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The rich men act violently toward everyone" or "The rich men act violently all the time" # their tongue in their mouth is deceitful -The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "Everything they say is a lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"Everything they say is a lie" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/13.md b/mic/06/13.md index 2f148de167..131a7ea6cd 100644 --- a/mic/06/13.md +++ b/mic/06/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # striking you down, making you desolate -"killing all of you until there is no one left" - +"killing all of you until there is no one left" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/14.md b/mic/06/14.md index ed7cdb2466..d9fe94d876 100644 --- a/mic/06/14.md +++ b/mic/06/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # your emptiness will remain inside you -A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/15.md b/mic/06/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mic/06/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mic/06/16.md b/mic/06/16.md index 7f41bef9ae..9e2f12cc35 100644 --- a/mic/06/16.md +++ b/mic/06/16.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # You have observed the statutes of Omri, and all the works of the house of Ahab. "You have done what Omri commanded and everything that the house of Ahab did. # Omri ... Ahab -Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. # house of Ahab -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Ahab" [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the descendants of Ahab" # You have walked in their counsels -Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: "You do what Omri and Ahab told the people to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You do what Omri and Ahab told the people to do" # I will give you over to ruin and your inhabitants to derision -Micah speaks to the people of the city, who can hear him, as if he were speaking to the city itself, which cannot hear him. You may need to make explicit the words that the ellipsis omits. Alternate translation: "I will make your city a ruin, and I will make you inhabitants an object derision" or "I will make you a ruin, and people will despise your inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"I will make your city a ruin, and I will make you inhabitants an object derision" or "I will make you a ruin, and people will despise your inhabitants" # you will bear the scorn of my people -"you will suffer because my people will insult you" - +"you will suffer because my people will insult you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/06/intro.md b/mic/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb8614536e..0000000000 --- a/mic/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Names in Lawsuit -Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. -Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mic/07/01.md b/mic/07/01.md index f00415bebc..bc34370728 100644 --- a/mic/07/01.md +++ b/mic/07/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ +# General Information + +This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior (Jesus) for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. + # I have become like the gathering of summer fruit, and like the grapes that have been gleaned -Micah speaks of looking for faithful people but being unable to find any as if he were a person looking for food after the harvesters have taken it all. The idea of a person wanting to gather fruit can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I have become like someone looking for fruit after the gathering of summer fruit, like a gleaner after the grapes have been gleaned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I have become like someone looking for fruit after the gathering of summer fruit, like a gleaner after the grapes have been gleaned" # no grape cluster ... no ripe early fig -Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/02.md b/mic/07/02.md index ff2ccf5c8a..e4a3414b74 100644 --- a/mic/07/02.md +++ b/mic/07/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The faithful ones have vanished ... land; there is no upright person ... They all lie in wait ... blood; each one hunts -These are exaggerations. Alternate translation: "I feel as though faithful people have vanished ... land and there is no upright person ... I feel as though they all lie in wait ... blood, and each one hunts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"I feel as though faithful people have vanished ... land and there is no upright person ... I feel as though they all lie in wait ... blood, and each one hunts". These are exaggerations. # to shed blood -Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. Alternate translation: "to kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"to kill innocent people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/03.md b/mic/07/03.md index 92f294cc3e..775ba3962c 100644 --- a/mic/07/03.md +++ b/mic/07/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel. - # Their hands are very good -The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "The people are very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"The people are very good" # telling others of the desire of his soul -The word "soul" here is a metonym for the whole person, and the abstract noun "desire" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "speaking to others about what he desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"speaking to others about what he desires" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/04.md b/mic/07/04.md index 97deb01234..19f6425ec1 100644 --- a/mic/07/04.md +++ b/mic/07/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge -Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. # the most upright @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israel # It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment -Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of "your" are plural. The word "watchmen" is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" # Now is the time of their confusion -The abstract noun "confusion" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Now is when they do not understand what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"Now is when they do not understand what is happening" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/05.md b/mic/07/05.md index 209618df2f..361b12749a 100644 --- a/mic/07/05.md +++ b/mic/07/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # Do not trust any neighbor ... any friend ... even the woman who lies in your embrace -Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. These phrases are listed in the order of increasing closeness to the hearers. +Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people and emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. These phrases are listed in the order of increasing closeness to the hearers. # the woman who lies in your embrace @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal t # guard the entrance to your mouth -"guard your lips" or "do not say anything" or "do not let any words escape" - +"guard your lips" or "do not say anything" or "do not let any words escape" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/06.md b/mic/07/06.md index 77e6f19d39..5c2f198d1c 100644 --- a/mic/07/06.md +++ b/mic/07/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # people of his own house -Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family. +Micah continues to show that they cannot even trust friends or family. # a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law -The words "rises up" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law" # his own house -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: "his own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"his own family" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/07.md b/mic/07/07.md index 405e1f8586..4a0919b56c 100644 --- a/mic/07/07.md +++ b/mic/07/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of "you" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - # But as for me Here "me" refers to Micah. # I will wait for the God of my salvation -The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will wait for the God who saves me" or "I will wait for God, who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will wait for the God who saves me" or "I will wait for God, who saves me" # will hear me -The word "hear" represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: "will act to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"will act to help me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/08.md b/mic/07/08.md index 18ebc78259..7e876cabdd 100644 --- a/mic/07/08.md +++ b/mic/07/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion (Micah 1:13), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" (Micah 5:1), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of "you" are feminine singular. + # fall ... rise -These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +These words refer to suffering from disaster and then recovering. # sit in darkness -These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +These words refer to suffering from disaster. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/09.md b/mic/07/09.md index affd58fbc1..c2e9dec875 100644 --- a/mic/07/09.md +++ b/mic/07/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Micah continues the poem that began in verse 8, speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. # I will bear his rage -Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. Alternate translation: "I will suffer because he is angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will suffer because he is angry with me" # until he pleads my case and executes judgment for me @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Isra # he pleads my case -Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. Alternate translation: "he defends me against those who harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he defends me against those who harm me" # executes judgment for me @@ -20,6 +20,4 @@ Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. Alternate translatio # He will bring me to the light -Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](../07/08.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - - +Bringing Micah from darkness (Micah 7:8) to light refers to ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/10.md b/mic/07/10.md index f715760932..a7c39c3021 100644 --- a/mic/07/10.md +++ b/mic/07/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Micah continues and ends the poem that began in verse 8, speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. # my enemy ... the one who said ... your God ... My eyes @@ -8,17 +8,16 @@ The words "enemy," "one," "your," and "my" here refer to the women in the poem a # Where is Yahweh your God? -The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Yahweh your God cannot help you" # My eyes -This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "I" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I" or "We" # she will be trampled down -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "her enemies will trample her down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"her enemies will trample her down" # like the mud in the streets -People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/11.md b/mic/07/11.md index 1f555ac493..5886751875 100644 --- a/mic/07/11.md +++ b/mic/07/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. # A day to build your walls will come @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Here "walls" refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and # the boundaries will be extended very far -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/12.md b/mic/07/12.md index 9d43796201..5c5f75e94a 100644 --- a/mic/07/12.md +++ b/mic/07/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the River -You may need to make explicit the name of river. Alternate translation: "the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the Euphrates River" # from sea to sea -You may need to make explicit the names of the seas. "from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east" # from mountain to mountain -"from one mountain to another." Micah does not speak of any particular mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"from one mountain to another". Micah does not speak of any particular mountain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/13.md b/mic/07/13.md index a94ad49e02..e220390d73 100644 --- a/mic/07/13.md +++ b/mic/07/13.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # because of the fruit of their actions -Fruit is a metaphor for the results of an earlier action. Alternate translation: "because of the results of what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"because of the results of what they have done" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/14.md b/mic/07/14.md index b3a8780577..0d58d0fcea 100644 --- a/mic/07/14.md +++ b/mic/07/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance -Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. # They dwell alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland -Micah speaks of his people as if they were sheep hiding in bushes instead of grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Micah speaks of his people as if they were sheep hiding in bushes instead of grazing in fields with much grass to eat. # a thicket @@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ These regions are known as rich land for growing food. # as in the old days -Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/15.md b/mic/07/15.md index 217660ebb7..7ba42273d2 100644 --- a/mic/07/15.md +++ b/mic/07/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # As in the days ... them wonders -Yahweh speaks to the people. - +Yahweh speaks to the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/16.md b/mic/07/16.md index ae0c73459b..5e2b3ec3be 100644 --- a/mic/07/16.md +++ b/mic/07/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # The nations -The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. Alternate translation: "The people of the nations nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The people of the nations nearby" # They will put their hands on their mouths -They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. # their ears will be deaf -This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/17.md b/mic/07/17.md index 5016dde482..5e90e7cefb 100644 --- a/mic/07/17.md +++ b/mic/07/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # They will lick the dust like a snake -Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are: that these people will literally lie on the ground in shame or will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. # their fortresses -Some modern translations read, "their dens," continuing the simile of the nations ([Micah 7:16](./16.md)) being like "a snake" and "creatures that crawl" with animal dens as a metaphor for the people's fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Some modern translations read, "their dens" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/18.md b/mic/07/18.md index 36c8a57de9..66f6a2fabc 100644 --- a/mic/07/18.md +++ b/mic/07/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Who is a God like you—who takes ... inheritance? -Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know that there is no God like you, who takes ... inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I know that there is no God like you, who takes ... inheritance." # takes away iniquity -The phrase "takes away" is a metaphor for "forgives," as if iniquity were a heavy burden that God takes off a person. Alternate translation: "forgives iniquity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"forgives iniquity" # the remnant of his inheritance @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ The phrase "takes away" is a metaphor for "forgives," as if iniquity were a heav # you ... of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever because he delights in his covenant faithfulness. -Here the words "his" and "he" can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?" or "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever because you delights in your covenant faithfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"you ... of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?" or "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever because you delights in your covenant faithfulness." # he delights in his covenant faithfulness -The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Alternate translation: "he delights in being faithful to his covenant" or "he delights in being faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"he delights in being faithful to his covenant" or "he delights in being faithful to his people" # passes over @@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ ignores # does not keep his anger -"does not stay angry" - +"does not stay angry" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/19.md b/mic/07/19.md index 1972792e7e..fc3f89bb5a 100644 --- a/mic/07/19.md +++ b/mic/07/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # You will -Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Here "you" refers to Yahweh. # on us -Here "us" refers to Micah and the people, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +Here "us" refers to Micah and the people, but not to Yahweh. # you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea -Iniquity and sin are spoken of as if they were solid objects. Alternate translation: "You will treat our iniquities and sins as if they were not important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"You will treat our iniquities and sins as if they were not important" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/20.md b/mic/07/20.md index 2295697cfc..30033b52e7 100644 --- a/mic/07/20.md +++ b/mic/07/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # You will give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham -Here the names of Jacob and Abraham are metonyms for their descendants, the people of Israel to whom Micah was speaking. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "trustworthy" and "faithful." Alternate translation: "You will show the descendants of Jacob and Abraham that your are trustworthy and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"You will show the descendants of Jacob and Abraham that your are trustworthy and faithful to your covenant" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/07/intro.md b/mic/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e5f306dfe5..0000000000 --- a/mic/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Micah 7 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Last days -This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -#### Prophet -The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Micah 7:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/mic/front/intro.md b/mic/front/intro.md index 2bda4809be..c3ab18d932 100644 --- a/mic/front/intro.md +++ b/mic/front/intro.md @@ -1,8 +1,6 @@ # Introduction to Micah -## Part 1: General Introduction - -### Outline of the Book of Micah +## Outline of the Book of Micah 1. God promises to punish the northern and southern kingdoms (1:1–16) 1. Those who take advantage of others are guilty (2:1-3:12) @@ -22,45 +20,28 @@ - Israel will rise again (7:8–13) - Yahweh restores and gives grace (7:14–20) -### What is the Book of Micah about? +## What is the Book of Micah about? This book contains many of Micah's prophecies. Micah repeated many similar prophecies as found in Isaiah. Micah warned the kingdoms of Israel and Judah that the Assyrians would soon attack them. Micah condemned those who acted unjustly and immorally. He spoke against those who did not work for a living. He also spoke against the false prophets in Israel and Judah. These false prophets were telling the people that Yahweh would never let a foreign kingdom harm or conquer them. -Micah called the people to please Yahweh by living righteous and holy lives. However, the sinful way they lived and the unjust way they treated their fellow countrymen proved that they no longer wanted to obey and honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Micah called the people to please Yahweh by living righteous and holy lives. However, the sinful way they lived and the unjust way they treated their fellow countrymen proved that they no longer wanted to obey and honor Yahweh. -### How should the title of this book be translated? +## How should the title of this book be translated? -Translators may decide to translate the traditional title "The Book of Micah" or just "Micah" in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Micah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"The Book of Micah" or just "Micah" or "The Sayings of Micah." -### Who wrote Micah? +## Who wrote Micah? The prophet Micah probably wrote this book. Micah lived at the same time as Isaiah and Hosea. This was sometime between 750 and 700 B.C., during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. He began prophesying when he lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Then he moved to the kingdom of Judah. -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts +## Who is the deliverer Micah mentions? -### Who is the deliverer Micah mentions? +Micah frequently mentioned a king who would deliver the people. It is clear that Micah meant the Messiah, the descendant of David who would rule forever, though he never referred to him as the Messiah. -Micah frequently mentioned a king who would deliver the people. It is clear that Micah meant the Messiah, the descendant of David who would rule forever, though he never referred to him as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +## Were the Israelites required to offer sacrifices or live holy lives to please Yahweh? -### Were the Israelites required to offer sacrifices or live holy lives to please Yahweh? +Many of the Old Testament writers were concerned with offering sacrifices according to the law of Moses. However, Micah explained to the people that Yahweh was pleased only when they offered these sacrifices in faith. Without faith, the sacrifices had no meaning. -Many of the Old Testament writers were concerned with offering sacrifices according to the law of Moses. However, Micah explained to the people that Yahweh was pleased only when they offered these sacrifices in faith. Without faith, the sacrifices had no meaning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### Why does Micah 1:10-16 sound unusual? - -This passage sounds unusual because of how it is constructed in Hebrew. It includes what is called a play on words. The names of the cities were used to describe how they would be destroyed. For example, in Hebrew "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots." This is a poetic form that might not be the actual way they would be punished. - -### What does a translator need to know before translating Micah? - -Micah did not often explain how his prophecies were historically situated. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information unless they understand Micah's time. It is therefore suggested that translators understand well the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -### How do I translate passages where the speaker or addressee is not mentioned explicitly? - -Micah did not usually say who was speaking or who was being addressed. Reading the verses before and after the quote will often help the reader to understand who is speaking or being addressed. It is acceptable to make this information explicit so the reader can more easily understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -### How should the text of Micah be formatted? - -The ULB uses a poetic language style like the Hebrew text. Many languages can do this but some languages will not be able to do this. The ULB also sets apart the poetic portions of the text by setting the poetic lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the prophecies were written as a series of poems. +## How should the text of Micah be formatted? +The ULB uses a poetic language style like the Hebrew text. Many languages can do this but some languages will not be able to do this. The ULB also sets apart the poetic portions of the text by setting the poetic lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the prophecies were written as a series of poems. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/01.md b/nam/01/01.md index 15d5be1732..16a88d832d 100644 --- a/nam/01/01.md +++ b/nam/01/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # The declaration about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite -These words are an introduction to the entire book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" # Elkoshite -A person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +A person from the village of Elkosh diff --git a/nam/01/02.md b/nam/01/02.md index 89842de8b0..801d01f79e 100644 --- a/nam/01/02.md +++ b/nam/01/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum begins to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # full of wrath diff --git a/nam/01/03.md b/nam/01/03.md index b2f88aebfd..9f57c45cb9 100644 --- a/nam/01/03.md +++ b/nam/01/03.md @@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ # he will not acquit the wicked -This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. Alternate translation: "he will always be sure to punish the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) - -# Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet - -The biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here the writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a person walking or marching and kicking up dust as he comes to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"he will always be sure to punish the wicked" # the dust of his feet diff --git a/nam/01/04.md b/nam/01/04.md index 86ea742b73..78d3aac234 100644 --- a/nam/01/04.md +++ b/nam/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. - # Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon have become weak -The word translated as "weak" can also mean "withered" or "dried out." Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, "Carmel" refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: "The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" diff --git a/nam/01/05.md b/nam/01/05.md index b4eb8e75c7..3f037c41c7 100644 --- a/nam/01/05.md +++ b/nam/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the hills melt -Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. # the earth collapses @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire groun # the world and all people who live in it -Here the word "world" refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" diff --git a/nam/01/06.md b/nam/01/06.md index 05169cfd9c..3e3447d335 100644 --- a/nam/01/06.md +++ b/nam/01/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. - # Who can stand before his rage? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? -These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: "No one can stand before his rage! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# resist the fierceness of his anger - -Possible meanings are 1) "rise up and fight against him when he is angry" 2) "keep him from destroying him when he is angry" +"No one can stand before his rage! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" # fierceness of his anger @@ -16,9 +8,8 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "rise up and fight against him when he is angry" 2) "ke # His wrath is poured out like fire -Nahum speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" # the rocks are broken apart by him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/07.md b/nam/01/07.md index a8c2d710b8..d288848762 100644 --- a/nam/01/07.md +++ b/nam/01/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a stronghold ... those who take refuge in him -Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. # in the day of trouble diff --git a/nam/01/08.md b/nam/01/08.md index a55b3a92a2..550ff43bc4 100644 --- a/nam/01/08.md +++ b/nam/01/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # he will make a full end to his enemies -The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing his enemies to die. Alternate translation: "he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" # with an overwhelming flood -Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. # he will pursue them into darkness -Here the word "darkness" represents the place of the dead, which is characterized as a dark place. Nahum speaks of Yahweh killing his enemies as if he were chasing them into this dark place. Alternate translation: "he will cause all his enemies to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he will cause all his enemies to die" diff --git a/nam/01/09.md b/nam/01/09.md index adce394035..854c5e972b 100644 --- a/nam/01/09.md +++ b/nam/01/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. - # What are you people plotting against Yahweh? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: "It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" # He will make a full end to it -The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: "He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" # trouble will not rise up a second time -Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time" or 2) "trouble" refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: "you will not cause trouble a second time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you will not cause trouble a second time" diff --git a/nam/01/10.md b/nam/01/10.md index 83d55b1c5d..dc548c9f44 100644 --- a/nam/01/10.md +++ b/nam/01/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum uses three metaphors to show that Yahweh will destroy ("consume") those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Like tangled thorns -Possible meanings for this metaphor are that Nahum speaks of 1) the people who plot against Yahweh being unable to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them as though they were tangled up in thorn bushes and unable to get free or 2) Yahweh quickly destroying those who plot against him as if Yahweh were a person weaving thorn bushes together so they will burn quickly and putting them in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Nahum speaks of 1) the people who plot against Yahweh being unable to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them as though they were tangled up in thorn bushes and unable to get free or 2) Yahweh quickly destroying those who plot against him as if Yahweh were a person weaving thorn bushes together so they will burn quickly and putting them in a fire. # like the drink of drunkards -Possible meanings for this metaphor are that Nahum speaks of 1) those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol or 2) Yahweh destroying those who plot against him as if he were a drunkard drinking a large amount of alcoholic drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Nahum speaks of 1) those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol or 2) Yahweh destroying those who plot against him as if he were a drunkard drinking a large amount of alcoholic drink. # they will be consumed like dry stubble -Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# consumed - -Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: "burned up by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" diff --git a/nam/01/11.md b/nam/01/11.md index de8b6f9951..b0481bfad0 100644 --- a/nam/01/11.md +++ b/nam/01/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# From you, Nineveh, has come out someone who plotted evil against Yahweh - -"Someone who planned evil against Yahweh has come out from you, Nineveh." The words "From you, Nineveh" are at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the writer is now speaking to Nineveh. - # From you, Nineveh, has come out someone -The writer speaks as if the city of Nineveh were one person who could hear him speak. The word "Nineveh" is a personification of the people who live in Nineveh. Alternate translation: "From among the people of Nineveh has come out someone" or "From Nineveh have come out people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"From among the people of Nineveh has come out someone" or "From Nineveh have come out people" # a wicked counselor diff --git a/nam/01/12.md b/nam/01/12.md index 002427ce0e..195284cd8b 100644 --- a/nam/01/12.md +++ b/nam/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh. - # Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh. # they will nevertheless be sheared -Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that he will shear. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" # pass away diff --git a/nam/01/13.md b/nam/01/13.md index 33b92a9307..6994169430 100644 --- a/nam/01/13.md +++ b/nam/01/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Now will I break that people's yoke from off you; I will break your chains -Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. Alternate translation: "Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" diff --git a/nam/01/14.md b/nam/01/14.md index 9957efd4b5..3f0584b5d9 100644 --- a/nam/01/14.md +++ b/nam/01/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# Yahweh has given a command about you, Nineveh ... your name ... your gods ... your grave ... you are - -The writer speaks as if the city of Nineveh were one person who could hear him speak. The word "Nineveh" is a personification of the people who live in Nineveh. See how you translated "you, Nineveh" in [Nahum 1:11](./11.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh has given a command about you people of Nineveh ... your name ... your gods ... your grave ... you are" or "Yahweh has given a command about the people of Nineveh ... their name ... their gods ... their graves ... they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # I will cut off the carved images and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods -Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "house" is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. Alternate translation: "I will destroy the carved images and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy the carved images and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" # I will prepare your grave -It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. Alternate translation: "I will dig your graves and bury you in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"I will dig your graves and bury you in them" diff --git a/nam/01/15.md b/nam/01/15.md index 1580e16aca..8f5a63a36c 100644 --- a/nam/01/15.md +++ b/nam/01/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news -Here the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate translation: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" # wicked one ... he @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person. # he is completely cut off -Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" diff --git a/nam/01/intro.md b/nam/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4dbec80cf4..0000000000 --- a/nam/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of this chapter) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh -This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -#### Complete destruction -At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly. - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Nahum intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/nam/02/01.md b/nam/02/01.md index 7c3c7678cf..f20d1dd997 100644 --- a/nam/02/01.md +++ b/nam/02/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,20 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # The one who scatters -Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to break Nineveh apart as one would shatter a clay pot and scatter the pieces around. Alternate translation: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The one who will destroy you" # is coming up against you -The idiom to "come against" means to attack. Alternate translation: "is preparing to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"is preparing to attack you" # Guard the city wall, watch the road, strengthen your loins, pull together all your strength -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - -# watch the road - -This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy's approach. +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. # strengthen your loins -The loins are a synecdoche for the whole body. Alternate translation: "make yourselves strong" or "prepare for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"make yourselves strong" or "prepare for battle" # pull together all your strength -This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. Alternate translation: "prepare yourselves for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"prepare yourselves for battle" diff --git a/nam/02/02.md b/nam/02/02.md index 361bc966bc..6be9dd5d40 100644 --- a/nam/02/02.md +++ b/nam/02/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel -The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word "Jacob" refers to the southern kingdom and the word "Israel" refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel" or 2) both "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" # the plunderers @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ people who steal things by force, usually in war # destroyed their vine branches -Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel's possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: "robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches" or 2) the words "vine branches" are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: "destroyed their fields of crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"destroyed their fields of crops" diff --git a/nam/02/03.md b/nam/02/03.md index 266ace0f8a..f7cf39849c 100644 --- a/nam/02/03.md +++ b/nam/02/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflec # his mighty men -the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)). +the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" # the chariots flash with their metal @@ -12,13 +12,9 @@ This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots. # on the day that they are made ready -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the cypress spears are waved in the air - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" # cypress -a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons diff --git a/nam/02/04.md b/nam/02/04.md index d7afd57ff8..b4c9cdbd6b 100644 --- a/nam/02/04.md +++ b/nam/02/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,4 @@ # They look like torches -Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# they run like lightning - -Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. diff --git a/nam/02/05.md b/nam/02/05.md index 46b9edbc47..0f85359d56 100644 --- a/nam/02/05.md +++ b/nam/02/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ # He remembers his nobles -The word "remembers" is a metonym for what he does after he remembers them: he calls them to action. Alternate translation: "He calls his nobles" or "He summons his nobles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# nobles - -military leaders - -# in their march - -The word "march" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "as they march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"He calls his military leaders" or "He summons his military leaders" # The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# The large shield - -This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them. +"The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" diff --git a/nam/02/06.md b/nam/02/06.md index 9bc7e536bc..d5786c193b 100644 --- a/nam/02/06.md +++ b/nam/02/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The gates at the rivers are forced open -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" # The gates at the rivers diff --git a/nam/02/07.md b/nam/02/07.md index f7a0a0f2c8..c5ad0e8d0a 100644 --- a/nam/02/07.md +++ b/nam/02/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ # Huzzab is stripped and is taken away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy strips Huzzab and takes her away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Huzzab is stripped and is taken away - -The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# is stripped - -If your language has a word for forcibly taking a person's clothes off of that person and leaving him embarrassed and with nothing to keep him warm, you should use it here. +The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. # her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make. -# her female servants - -If the word "Huzzab" refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word "Huzzab" refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes. - # beating on their breasts -Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. diff --git a/nam/02/08.md b/nam/02/08.md index 909b6809bf..20d3f7e1cb 100644 --- a/nam/02/08.md +++ b/nam/02/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Nineveh is like a leaking pool of water, with its people fleeing away like rushing water -Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. diff --git a/nam/02/09.md b/nam/02/09.md index 23033a2e21..fb9dc3a426 100644 --- a/nam/02/09.md +++ b/nam/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# Take the silver plunder ... Nineveh's desirable things - -It is not clear who is speaking here. This may be an apostrophe in which Nahum gives directions to the attackers, or the attackers may be speaking and giving directions to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # Take the silver plunder, take the gold plunder -The word "plunder" means things stolen by force, usually in war. Alternate translation: "Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" +"Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" # there is no end to the treasure, to the splendor -The words "no end" are an exaggeration to express that there is a great amount of something. Alternate translation: "there is a very great amount of treasure, of the splendor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - -# to the splendor of all Nineveh's desirable things - -This phrase refers to the silver, gold, and other treasures in Nineveh. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "there is no end to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"there is a very great amount of treasure, of the splendor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/10.md b/nam/02/10.md index c701f3ff79..f1a3a322d7 100644 --- a/nam/02/10.md +++ b/nam/02/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Everyone's heart melts -Nahum speaks of the people losing courage as if their hearts melt like wax. Alternate translation: "Everyone loses courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Everyone loses courage" # everyone's knees strike together @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This describes a physical response to great fear. The people's legs shake so bad # anguish is in all loins -The loins are either 1) a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "everyone is in anguish" Or 2) a metonym for the internal organs, and you should describe them using your language's words for how a person's stomach feels when he is very frightened. Alternate translation: "everyone's stomachs are churning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"everyone's stomachs are churning" diff --git a/nam/02/11.md b/nam/02/11.md index e11f79a3d8..08e9817b02 100644 --- a/nam/02/11.md +++ b/nam/02/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were a group of lions, and of the city Nineveh as if it were their den. The metaphor speaks of the way in which the Assyrians would conquer other people and take their possessions as their own as if they were lions hunting prey and bringing the dead animals back to their den. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Where now is the lions' den ... afraid of nothing? -Nahum uses this rhetorical question to mock Nineveh, which has been destroyed. Alternate translation: "The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" diff --git a/nam/02/12.md b/nam/02/12.md index 42e24b84c3..fe4916b55a 100644 --- a/nam/02/12.md +++ b/nam/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # he strangled victims -"he choked victims." This is probably a reference to the way that lions usually kill their prey, by biting its throat. Alternate translation: "he killed his victims" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he killed his victims" # filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. Alternate translation: "filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" diff --git a/nam/02/13.md b/nam/02/13.md index 8ee7a3b374..14b21a5ee0 100644 --- a/nam/02/13.md +++ b/nam/02/13.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # the sword will devour your young lions -Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: "attackers will kill your people with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"attackers will kill your people with swords" # I will cut off your prey from your land -Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word "prey" is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: "I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh's prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: "I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" # the voices of your messengers will be heard no more -This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" diff --git a/nam/02/intro.md b/nam/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c022e179fe..0000000000 --- a/nam/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Complete destruction -At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism. - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/nam/03/01.md b/nam/03/01.md index 8ccccd35dc..9bf0a56231 100644 --- a/nam/03/01.md +++ b/nam/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # the city full of blood -Here the word "blood" represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: "the city full of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the city full of murderers" # It is all full of lies -Here the word "lies" is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: "It is full of liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"It is full of liars" diff --git a/nam/03/03.md b/nam/03/03.md index 1666ac73ec..f7fab9845c 100644 --- a/nam/03/03.md +++ b/nam/03/03.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ There were so many dead bodies that the attackers piled them in heaps. -# bodies - -bodies of people who have died - # their attackers stumble over the bodies This shows that there were very many dead bodies on the ground. diff --git a/nam/03/04.md b/nam/03/04.md index ce468a48ab..2d3dc0bf70 100644 --- a/nam/03/04.md +++ b/nam/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # the lustful actions of the beautiful prostitute -Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. # the expert in witchcraft -Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. # who sells nations through her prostitution, and peoples through her acts of witchcraft -Here the word "sells" implies that the people of Nineveh cause other nations and peoples to become slaves. Nineveh uses her beauty, power, and influence to make others her slaves. Alternate translation: "who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" diff --git a/nam/03/05.md b/nam/03/05.md index f03f88dc20..df131ee07b 100644 --- a/nam/03/05.md +++ b/nam/03/05.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # I will raise up your skirt over your face and show your private parts to the nations -This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating prostitutes by stripping them naked in front of the community. This continues the metaphor of Yahweh speaking of the city of Nineveh as if it were a prostitute. Alternate translation: "I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" # your shame to the kingdoms -This phrase explains the purpose of lifting up Nineveh's skirt. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "I will show your shame to the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"I will show your shame to the kingdoms" diff --git a/nam/03/06.md b/nam/03/06.md index 4193c072f8..ebd1db6397 100644 --- a/nam/03/06.md +++ b/nam/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will throw disgusting filth on you -The words "disgusting filth" refer to all kinds of garbage. Throwing garbage at a person was a sign of strong contempt. Alternate translation: "I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" diff --git a/nam/03/07.md b/nam/03/07.md index 7a56f34027..6ce9b980eb 100644 --- a/nam/03/07.md +++ b/nam/03/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # who will weep for her? -The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: "no one will weep for her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"no one will weep for her." # Where can I go to find anyone to comfort you? -Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there will be no one who will be able to comfort Nineveh. Alternate translation: "There is nowhere I could go to find someone to comfort you." or "There will be no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"There is nowhere I could go to find someone to comfort you." or "There will be no one to comfort you." diff --git a/nam/03/08.md b/nam/03/08.md index c5be50beae..2a02cd7cb0 100644 --- a/nam/03/08.md +++ b/nam/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # are you better than Thebes ... wall? -Nahum asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer that it anticipates. Alternate translation: "you are not better than Thebes ... wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"you are not better than Thebes ... wall." # Thebes -This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. # which was located on the Nile River @@ -16,7 +12,7 @@ This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [ # whose rampart was the sea, and the sea was its wall -These two phrases share similar meanings. The word "sea" refers to the Nile River, which ran near the city. Nahum speaks of the Nile as if it were the wall that protected the city. Alternate translation: "which had the Nile river as its defense, as some cities have a wall for their defense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"which had the Nile river as its defense, as some cities have a wall for their defense" # rampart diff --git a/nam/03/09.md b/nam/03/09.md index 6474b97032..b9b2d20bf4 100644 --- a/nam/03/09.md +++ b/nam/03/09.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # there was no end to it -The word "it" refers to the "strength" that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: "their strength was very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"their strength was very great" # Put and Libya -These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. diff --git a/nam/03/10.md b/nam/03/10.md index c7bfa0e93b..35f5fa5b2c 100644 --- a/nam/03/10.md +++ b/nam/03/10.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # Yet Thebes was carried away -The word "Thebes" represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" # she went into captivity -The word "she" refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: "they went into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they went into captivity" # her young children were dashed in pieces -This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" # at the head of every street -The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, "every" is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: "on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" # all her great men were bound in chains -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they bound all her great men in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they bound all her great men in chains" diff --git a/nam/03/11.md b/nam/03/11.md index ff53f2ca24..475a4fdc86 100644 --- a/nam/03/11.md +++ b/nam/03/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # You also will become drunk -Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. diff --git a/nam/03/12.md b/nam/03/12.md index 8df1a4bc8a..17a0ff8ea6 100644 --- a/nam/03/12.md +++ b/nam/03/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # All your fortresses -Possible meanings for the word "fortresses" are 1) it refers to Nineveh's fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: "All of your fortifications" or "All of your defenses" or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: "All of your fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"All of your fortified cities" # All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater -Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: "Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# the earliest ripe figs - -This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# if they are shaken - -"if the trees are shaken." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "if a person shakes the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" # they fall into the mouth of the eater -"the figs fall into the mouth of the eater." This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: "a person can eat the fig immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"a person can eat the fig immediately" diff --git a/nam/03/13.md b/nam/03/13.md index ccbbda4a1f..75901604d8 100644 --- a/nam/03/13.md +++ b/nam/03/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # the people among you are women -In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh's warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: "your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" # the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" # the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies -Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "the gates of your land" refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: "the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "the gates of your land" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: "your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" # fire has devoured their bars -Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "their bars" refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: "fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "their bars" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: "the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# fire has devoured - -Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: "fire has destroyed" or "fire has burned up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" diff --git a/nam/03/14.md b/nam/03/14.md index de469604b5..6c48904a02 100644 --- a/nam/03/14.md +++ b/nam/03/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # Go draw water for the siege ... pick up the molds for the bricks -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. # strengthen your fortresses diff --git a/nam/03/15.md b/nam/03/15.md index 91223cbe5f..a2654af2b7 100644 --- a/nam/03/15.md +++ b/nam/03/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Fire will devour you there -Nahum speaks of fire burning and destroying as if it were eating. Alternate translation: "Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" # the sword will destroy you -Here the word "sword" is a metonym for the enemies who will attack with swords. Alternate translation: "your enemies will kill you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"your enemies will kill you with their swords" # It will devour you as young locusts devour everything -The word "It" refers to the "sword," which is personified as eating those whom it kills. The soldiers using their swords to kill everyone in Nineveh is compared with the way that a swarm of locusts eats every plant in its path. Alternate translation: "Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# Make yourselves as many as the young locusts, as many as the full-grown locusts - -These words begin a new paragraph where Nahum compares the number of people in Nineveh with the large number of locusts in a swarm. - +"Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" diff --git a/nam/03/16.md b/nam/03/16.md index 9bbc0dee73..320aec6f70 100644 --- a/nam/03/16.md +++ b/nam/03/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens -This exaggeration emphasizes the great number of merchants who lived and worked in Nineveh. Alternate translation: "It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" # they are like young locusts: they plunder the land and then fly away -Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. diff --git a/nam/03/17.md b/nam/03/17.md index 0f2c9d481f..b6f7c130f7 100644 --- a/nam/03/17.md +++ b/nam/03/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # your commanders are like locusts that camp in the walls on a cold day. But when the sun rises they flee -Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. # the place they go to is not known diff --git a/nam/03/18.md b/nam/03/18.md index 6e40574edd..e1ea7683de 100644 --- a/nam/03/18.md +++ b/nam/03/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # your shepherds are asleep; your nobles are lying down resting -These two lines share similar meanings. Nahum speaks of the leaders of Assyria as if they were shepherd who are to care for their sheep. He speaks of the shepherds and rulers dying as if they had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" # Your people are scattered on the mountains -Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that scatter after the shepherds have died. Alternate translation: "Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" diff --git a/nam/03/19.md b/nam/03/19.md index a87b3854ac..c1150e0bdd 100644 --- a/nam/03/19.md +++ b/nam/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# No healing is possible for your wounds. Your wounds are severe - -Nahum speaks of the certainty of the destruction of Nineveh and the defeat of its king as if the king had suffered an incurable wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # No healing is possible for your wounds -The word "healing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "No one is able to heal your wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"No one is able to heal your wounds" # On whom has your wickedness not trodden continually? -The writer either 1) speaks of wickedness as if it were a person who steps on other people while he goes from one place to another or 2) uses "wickedness" as a metonym for the people who commit it and "trodden" as a metaphor for committing wickedness. This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. Alternate translation: "Your wickedness has continually trodden on everyone." or "There is no one to whom you have not continually done wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Your wickedness has continually trodden on everyone." or "There is no one to whom you have not continually done wickedness." diff --git a/nam/03/intro.md b/nam/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c473b29add..0000000000 --- a/nam/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Euphemism -This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/nam/front/intro.md b/nam/front/intro.md index 77faae3bf6..9ea1ef5cc5 100644 --- a/nam/front/intro.md +++ b/nam/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Nahum -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Nahum 1. Nahum introduces this book (1:1) @@ -14,31 +12,8 @@ The Book of Nahum contains prophecies about how Yahweh would judge and punish Ni Nineveh was the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. The Assyrians had already conquered the northern kingdom of Israel. They were threatening the southern kingdom of Judah. The book gave Judah hope that the Assyrians would be defeated. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -"The Book of Nahum" or just "Nahum" is the traditional title of this book. Translators may choose to call it "The Sayings of Nahum." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Nahum? The prophet Nahum probably wrote this book. He was a prophet from Elkosh, an unknown city probably in Judah. -Nahum wrote before Nineveh fell in about 612 B.C. Nahum also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which happened about 663 B.C. Therefore, the Book of Nahum was written sometime between 663 and 612 B.C. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What is the importance of the descriptions of locusts in 3:15–17? - -Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. - -The original language of the Old Testament used various names for locusts. It is uncertain whether these names refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What emotions were present in the various speakers in the Book of Nahum? - -When Nahum spoke to the Israelites, he wanted to comfort them. - -When Nahum and Yahweh spoke against the Ninevites, they often mocked them. This manner of speech was similar to speech in the ancient Near East when conquerors laughed at their victims. - -It is important for translators to present both emotions of comfort and of mockery when translating this book. - +Nahum wrote before Nineveh fell in about 612 B.C. Nahum also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which happened about 663 B.C. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/01.md b/zec/01/01.md index 974763958d..8b925abce6 100644 --- a/zec/01/01.md +++ b/zec/01/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ # In the eighth month -This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. # the second year of Darius' reign -"the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "the second year since Darius became king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "the second year since Darius became king" # the word of Yahweh came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # Berekiah ... Iddo -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. diff --git a/zec/01/02.md b/zec/01/02.md index f433649cfd..e4ae6e31e2 100644 --- a/zec/01/02.md +++ b/zec/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # exceedingly angry with your fathers -"very angry with your forefathers" - +"very angry with your forefathers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/03.md b/zec/01/03.md index 684454a328..f1290fe145 100644 --- a/zec/01/03.md +++ b/zec/01/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Turn to me ... and I will return to you - -Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" diff --git a/zec/01/04.md b/zec/01/04.md index cc43d4a048..42878ee008 100644 --- a/zec/01/04.md +++ b/zec/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices -No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases "evil ways" and "wicked practices" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Stop doing all of your wicked actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"Stop doing all of your wicked actions" diff --git a/zec/01/05.md b/zec/01/05.md index b1e40ba5a7..7e864db10e 100644 --- a/zec/01/05.md +++ b/zec/01/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # Your fathers—where are they? And the prophets—do they live forever? -If your language has a way of showing that this verse challenges the readers to think about what happened to the "fathers" ([Zechariah 1:4](./04.md)). Alternate translation: "Think about your fathers—where are they now? And as for the prophets, do they live forever?" +"Think about your fathers—where are they now? Think about the prophets—do they live forever?" # Your fathers—where are they? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your fathers—you know where they are." or "As for your fathers, you know that they have all died." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Your fathers—you know where they are." or "Your fathers have all died." -And the prophets—do they live forever? +# And the prophets—do they live forever? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "And the prophets will not live forever." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# do they live forever? - -Zechariah is probably implying that the prophets will not always be around to tell his readers that God wants them to repent. You may need to make this explicit. Alternate translation: "will they always be around to speak for God to you?" or "they will not always be around to call you to repent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"And the prophets—they do not live for ever." or "And the prophets do not live forever." diff --git a/zec/01/06.md b/zec/01/06.md index e402d12e02..a4b13f5454 100644 --- a/zec/01/06.md +++ b/zec/01/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ # But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people's ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh's commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers." or "But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# my words and my decrees - -These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh's message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - -# our ways and actions - -The words "ways" and "actions" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "our behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers." or "But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them." diff --git a/zec/01/07.md b/zec/01/07.md index 426d5c8199..1409ec3bc9 100644 --- a/zec/01/07.md +++ b/zec/01/07.md @@ -1,19 +1,8 @@ # the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat -"Shebat" is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -# in the second year of Darius' reign - -"in the second year of the reign of Darius the king" or "in the second year since Darius became king." See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - -# the word of Yahweh came - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yawheh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# Berekiah ... Iddo - -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Shebat" is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. # the prophet, saying, Here the word “saying” introduces what Zechariah was about to say. The word “saying” can be removed if it may make your readers think that Yahweh is about to speak. Alternate translation: “the prophet.” + diff --git a/zec/01/08.md b/zec/01/08.md index 885eab8c87..1274b42ced 100644 --- a/zec/01/08.md +++ b/zec/01/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# I saw in the night - -Here the word “I” refers to Zechariah. Alternate translation: “I, Zechariah, saw in the night” - # look The word "look" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. # myrtle trees -a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +a kind of small tree with colorful flowers diff --git a/zec/01/09.md b/zec/01/09.md index 55d4f3f7f6..6f425e5768 100644 --- a/zec/01/09.md +++ b/zec/01/09.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the "man # What are these things, Lord? -"What are these things, sir?" Here the word "Lord" is a form of polite address. - +"What are these things, sir?" Here the word "Lord" is a form of polite address. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/10.md b/zec/01/10.md index 0ad6822ec0..103444f84e 100644 --- a/zec/01/10.md +++ b/zec/01/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ # the man who stood among the myrtle trees -These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# These are those - -The word "these" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# to roam throughout the earth - -It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in Zechariah 1:8. diff --git a/zec/01/11.md b/zec/01/11.md index 8805222ea4..f044d130e2 100644 --- a/zec/01/11.md +++ b/zec/01/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees -This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase refers to the man who stood among the myrtle trees in Zechariah 1:10. # They answered ... they said -The word "they" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The word "they" refers either to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses or to the horses' riders. # all the earth sits still and is at rest -There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"all the earth is peaceful and resting" or "the nations of the earth have peace and rest" diff --git a/zec/01/12.md b/zec/01/12.md index 87e30e81f5..9836433096 100644 --- a/zec/01/12.md +++ b/zec/01/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah -Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to the people of Jerusalem and the cities of Judah" diff --git a/zec/01/13.md b/zec/01/13.md index 32d12d8864..c68a88c4ae 100644 --- a/zec/01/13.md +++ b/zec/01/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # with good words, words of comfort -"with good, comforting words" - +"with good, comforting words" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/14.md b/zec/01/14.md index 73a388a086..559e6b149e 100644 --- a/zec/01/14.md +++ b/zec/01/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # jealous -Here this word refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. +This word refers to Yahweh's strong desire to protect his people. # Jerusalem ... Zion -These are a metonyms for the people who live in Jerusalem and Zion. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem ... the people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Jerusalem ... the people of Zion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/15.md b/zec/01/15.md index d83bcf57bf..fcf4bf815b 100644 --- a/zec/01/15.md +++ b/zec/01/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I am very angry with the nations that are at ease -The phrase "at ease" means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security" # I was only a little angry with them @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The phrase "at ease" means that the people thought that they lived in peace and # they made the disaster worse -"the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse." This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse." This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/16.md b/zec/01/16.md index 203f537c31..b681e67378 100644 --- a/zec/01/16.md +++ b/zec/01/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies -Possible meanings are 1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or 2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: "I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem" # My house will be built within her -The word "her" refers to Jerusalem, and the word "house" is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people will build my temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people will build my temple in Jerusalem" # the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem -This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem" or "the people will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem" or "the people will rebuild Jerusalem" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/17.md b/zec/01/17.md index a3f768dcad..ec654c4ebc 100644 --- a/zec/01/17.md +++ b/zec/01/17.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words. # My cities will once again overflow with goodness -The phrase "my cities" refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: "My cities will once again be prosperous" or "The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"My cities will once again be prosperous" or "The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous" # Yahweh will again comfort Zion -Here the word "Zion" refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/18.md b/zec/01/18.md index 3f703848c6..394788e4fc 100644 --- a/zec/01/18.md +++ b/zec/01/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I lifted up my eyes -The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"I looked up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/19.md b/zec/01/19.md index 5b8716a37b..81f7ccfacf 100644 --- a/zec/01/19.md +++ b/zec/01/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem -Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words "Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: "These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem". Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/20.md b/zec/01/20.md index e1674b0163..1619800823 100644 --- a/zec/01/20.md +++ b/zec/01/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # four craftsmen -"blacksmiths" or "metalworkers" - +"blacksmiths" or "metalworkers" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/21.md b/zec/01/21.md index 7d36905754..39660f3c31 100644 --- a/zec/01/21.md +++ b/zec/01/21.md @@ -4,17 +4,16 @@ This refers to the four craftsmen. # These are the horns that scattered Judah -The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word "Judah" represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: "These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah". See Zechariah 1:19. # so that no man would lift up his head -The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: "and caused them to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"and caused them to suffer greatly" # to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah -Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: "to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah" # to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn -"to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up" - +"to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/01/intro.md b/zec/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8188f71be9..0000000000 --- a/zec/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah's vision given by the Lord. - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Visions -This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Date -Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah's prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Zechariah intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/02/01.md b/zec/02/01.md index 17c869c9ef..2aae258267 100644 --- a/zec/02/01.md +++ b/zec/02/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I lifted up my eyes -The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I looked up". This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. # measuring line -a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land - +a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/02.md b/zec/02/02.md index 95f23e539a..088c453c4c 100644 --- a/zec/02/02.md +++ b/zec/02/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # So he said to me -"So the man with the measuring line said to me" - +"So the man with the measuring line said to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/03.md b/zec/02/03.md index da18f1f576..4cc21eee10 100644 --- a/zec/02/03.md +++ b/zec/02/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # another angel went out to meet him -This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants]]) - +This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/04.md b/zec/02/04.md index 10a4afc6b4..4cbdb070ab 100644 --- a/zec/02/04.md +++ b/zec/02/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The second angel said to him -"The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me" +"The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me". This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. # Jerusalem will sit in the open country ... livestock within her -The phrase "will sit in the open country" translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem will not have walls around it ... livestock within the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"Jerusalem will not have walls around it ... livestock within the city". There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/05.md b/zec/02/05.md index 12003c1aea..14f6177d61 100644 --- a/zec/02/05.md +++ b/zec/02/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I ... will become for her a wall of fire around her -People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: "I ... will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I ... will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it" # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Zechariah 1:4. This phrase is used several times in this chapter. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/06.md b/zec/02/06.md index 63d8df1251..1442df8de7 100644 --- a/zec/02/06.md +++ b/zec/02/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Up! Up! -These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: "Run! Run!" or "Hurry! Hurry!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"Run! Run!" or "Hurry! Hurry!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/07.md b/zec/02/07.md index 9846156f23..9811d1bddc 100644 --- a/zec/02/07.md +++ b/zec/02/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # you who live with the daughter of Babylon -The phrase "daughter of Babylon" refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: "you who live in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"you who live in Babylon" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/08.md b/zec/02/08.md index 253c9fd4dd..04e66521dc 100644 --- a/zec/02/08.md +++ b/zec/02/08.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the natio # for whoever touches you -The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: "for whoever harms you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"for whoever harms you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/09.md b/zec/02/09.md index b46b2142d9..9afe743efa 100644 --- a/zec/02/09.md +++ b/zec/02/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I myself will shake my hand over them -Raising one's hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "I myself will fight against them" or "I myself will attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"I myself will fight against them" or "I myself will attack them" # they will be plunder for their slaves -The word "plunder" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "their slaves will plunder them" - +"their slaves will plunder them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/10.md b/zec/02/10.md index 6785dd7c78..4e6f21dd4d 100644 --- a/zec/02/10.md +++ b/zec/02/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Sing for joy and be glad, daughter of Zion -"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: "Sing for joy and be glad, Zion" or 2) the phrase "daughter of Zion" is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: "Sing for joy and be glad, people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"Sing for joy and be glad, Zion" or "Sing for joy and be glad, people of Zion". "Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/11.md b/zec/02/11.md index 6c4d99b444..3010100aa9 100644 --- a/zec/02/11.md +++ b/zec/02/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # great nations will join themselves to Yahweh -Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh's people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh" # in that day -"at that time" - +"at that time" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/12.md b/zec/02/12.md index 83b283b42a..41849ecd71 100644 --- a/zec/02/12.md +++ b/zec/02/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession -Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/13.md b/zec/02/13.md index 703ec02d8c..ac74a3d63d 100644 --- a/zec/02/13.md +++ b/zec/02/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # all flesh -Here the word "flesh" represents all humanity. Alternate translation: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"all people" # he has been roused -Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "he is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he is coming". It is implied this refers to Yahweh returning to Jerusalem. # from out of his holy place -Here "his holy place" refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "from his holy place in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"from his holy place in heaven" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/02/intro.md b/zec/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index ede1b4fc76..0000000000 --- a/zec/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah's third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Visions - -This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### "This is Yahweh's declaration" -This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UDB often translates this as "Yahweh says." -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/03/01.md b/zec/03/01.md index a6b6fe725c..3e3e113929 100644 --- a/zec/03/01.md +++ b/zec/03/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest. +The chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. The chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. # Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin -"Satan was standing at Joshua's right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin" - +"Satan was standing at Joshua's right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/02.md b/zec/03/02.md index 7cc2115da5..cf06eb08b6 100644 --- a/zec/03/02.md +++ b/zec/03/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Is this not a brand pulled from the fire? -The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire." # a brand pulled from the fire -A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/03.md b/zec/03/03.md index e31ed00a14..c60a694404 100644 --- a/zec/03/03.md +++ b/zec/03/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Joshua was dressed in filthy garments -In this vision "filthy garments" are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - +In this vision "filthy garments" are symbolic of sinfulness. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/04.md b/zec/03/04.md index 00f0459f40..22446552d3 100644 --- a/zec/03/04.md +++ b/zec/03/04.md @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ The word "him" refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were p # I have caused your iniquity to pass from you -Since Joshua's garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua's iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua's iniquity. Alternate translation: "I have removed your iniquity from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I have removed your iniquity from you". By removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua's iniquity. # dress you in official robes -Here the phrase "official robes" is a metaphor for righteousness. If your language has a word for clothes that people wear only for special occasions, you might want to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - +The phrase "official robes" refers to righteousness. This refers to clothes that people wear only for special occasions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/05.md b/zec/03/05.md index 47e73d47ca..34b381e030 100644 --- a/zec/03/05.md +++ b/zec/03/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Let them put -Here the word "them" refers to the other angels who were present. +The word "them" refers to the other angels who were present. # turban -a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head - +a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/06.md b/zec/03/06.md index 8c8f2ae6ef..282aadb48b 100644 --- a/zec/03/06.md +++ b/zec/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # solemnly commanded Joshua -"commanded Joshua in a very serious manner" - +"commanded Joshua in a very serious manner" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/07.md b/zec/03/07.md index 6f1addeb20..4118b7611e 100644 --- a/zec/03/07.md +++ b/zec/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh's paths. Alternate translation: "If you will obey me and keep my commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"If you will obey me and keep my commandments". # you will govern my house and guard my courts -Here the word "house" is a metonym for the temple, while the word "courts" refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: "you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards" # to go and come among these who stand before me -The phrase "to go and come among" is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to come before me as these who stand here do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"to come before me as these who stand here do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/08.md b/zec/03/08.md index 9c37ffafa7..bf0a634630 100644 --- a/zec/03/08.md +++ b/zec/03/08.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua. - # your companions who live with you -This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: "the other priests who live with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the other priests who live with you" # For these men are a sign @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Here the word "sign" refers to something that communicates a special meaning to # my servant the Branch -The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The word "Branch" refers to a Messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/09.md b/zec/03/09.md index 73717756f3..4f946d58b4 100644 --- a/zec/03/09.md +++ b/zec/03/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the stone that I have set before Joshua -Here the word "stone" likely refers to a precious stone or jewel. +The word "stone" likely refers to a precious stone or jewel. # There are seven eyes on this single stone -The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: "There are seven sides on this single stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"There are seven sides on this single stone" # engrave @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are # I will remove the iniquity from this land in one day -Here the word "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. The word "remove" is a metaphor that means to forgive. Alternate translation: "I will forgive the iniquity of the people who live in this land in one day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will forgive the iniquity of the people who live in this land in one day" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/10.md b/zec/03/10.md index 863efda0a8..f78c17a459 100644 --- a/zec/03/10.md +++ b/zec/03/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree -Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: "because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/03/intro.md b/zec/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d47a33087..0000000000 --- a/zec/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. - -### Difficult concepts in this chapter - -#### Visions -It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### The high priest - -This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/04/01.md b/zec/04/01.md index b566484133..798f3e21a7 100644 --- a/zec/04/01.md +++ b/zec/04/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ +# General Information + +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees and shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. + # roused me like a man roused from his sleep -Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: "caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/02.md b/zec/04/02.md index a71bf0cffb..c96d3c061b 100644 --- a/zec/04/02.md +++ b/zec/04/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # lamp wicks -the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire - +the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/03.md b/zec/04/03.md index 0d4b1dcd1a..e6a4b66afb 100644 --- a/zec/04/03.md +++ b/zec/04/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the left side -The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "the left side of the bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"the left side of the bowl" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/04.md b/zec/04/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/04/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/04/05.md b/zec/04/05.md index d9280acee7..b983a4a090 100644 --- a/zec/04/05.md +++ b/zec/04/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Do you not know what these things mean? -The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Surely you know what these things mean." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Surely you know what these things mean." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/06.md b/zec/04/06.md index 09fb9a94d1..b68d550c65 100644 --- a/zec/04/06.md +++ b/zec/04/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# Connecting Statement: +# Not by might nor by power -The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. +"You will not succeed by might nor by power" # Not by might nor by power -Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: "You will not succeed by might nor by power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# Not by might nor by power - -Possible meanings are 1) that the words "might" and "power" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel's strength or 2) that the word "might" refers to military strength and the word "power" refers to Zerubbabel's physical ability. Alternate translation: "Certainly not by your own strength" or "Not by military strength nor by your own power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"Certainly not by your own strength" or "Not by military strength nor by your own power". This emphasizes the greatness of Zerubbabel's strength and physical ability. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/07.md b/zec/04/07.md index d8110da837..e084fc1203 100644 --- a/zec/04/07.md +++ b/zec/04/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain -This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel's success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain" or "Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain" or "Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground" # he will bring out the top stone -The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: "he will bring out the top stone of the temple" or "he will complete the construction of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will bring out the top stone of the temple" or "he will complete the construction of the temple". The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. # to shouts of 'Grace! Grace to it!' -Possible meanings are 1) the word "grace" refers to God's grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: "while people shout, 'May God bless it! May God bless it!'" or 2) the word "grace" refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: "while people shout, 'Beautiful! It is beautiful!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"while people shout, 'May God bless it! May God bless it!'" or "while people shout, 'Beautiful! It is beautiful!'" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/08.md b/zec/04/08.md index 690cccf7fd..84075a2432 100644 --- a/zec/04/08.md +++ b/zec/04/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. - # The word of Yahweh came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message to me". This introduces a special message from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/09.md b/zec/04/09.md index 58474398da..a7e1f626a6 100644 --- a/zec/04/09.md +++ b/zec/04/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion -Here the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion" # the foundation of this house -The word "house" represents the temple. Alternate translation: "the foundation of this temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the foundation of this temple" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/10.md b/zec/04/10.md index 3c83cdbdd8..a5262a6623 100644 --- a/zec/04/10.md +++ b/zec/04/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice -The angel uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have "despised the day of small things." It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice" # the day of small things -"the time of small things." This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: "the time when progress was slow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the time when progress was slow". This refers to when the people were building the temple. # plumb stone -This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight. +This is an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight. # These seven lamps -This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md). +This refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3. # These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth -The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: "These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/11.md b/zec/04/11.md index b03a1321e3..097bc388dd 100644 --- a/zec/04/11.md +++ b/zec/04/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # these two olive trees -This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md). - +This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/12.md b/zec/04/12.md index cb1fe36360..ca6d23d3e9 100644 --- a/zec/04/12.md +++ b/zec/04/12.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah's vision # golden oil -Here "golden" refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold. - +Here "golden" refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/13.md b/zec/04/13.md index d11895a1d8..656a635dca 100644 --- a/zec/04/13.md +++ b/zec/04/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Do you not know what these are? -The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Surely you know what these are." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - + "Surely you know what these are." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/14.md b/zec/04/14.md index 97c6e3bad9..bc60a53066 100644 --- a/zec/04/14.md +++ b/zec/04/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # These are the sons of fresh olive oil -The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: "These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +"These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil" # the sons of fresh olive oil -This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: "the anointed men" or "the men whom Yahweh has appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the anointed men" or "the men whom Yahweh has appointed". A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. # who stand before the Lord -The idiom "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: "who serve the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"who serve the Lord" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/intro.md b/zec/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index cb7ea41a6a..0000000000 --- a/zec/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 4 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Visions -This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/05/01.md b/zec/05/01.md index 8bd332470c..47170bcb07 100644 --- a/zec/05/01.md +++ b/zec/05/01.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The word "I" refers to Zechariah. # lifted my eyes -The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"looked up" # behold -The word "behold" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. - +The word "behold" here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw. This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/02.md b/zec/05/02.md index ab426a59e9..0a9d1f8b2a 100644 --- a/zec/05/02.md +++ b/zec/05/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide -A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: "9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bdistance]]) - +"9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide". A cubit is 46 centimeters. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/03.md b/zec/05/03.md index 39323ed83b..51e05707e6 100644 --- a/zec/05/03.md +++ b/zec/05/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues to speak with Zechariah. - # This is the curse -The word "this" refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: "On this scroll is the curse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"On this scroll is the curse" # that goes out over the surface of the whole land -The phrase "the surface of the whole land" refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: "that is upon every person within the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"that is upon every person within the whole land" # every thief will be cut off ... everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off -Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cut off every thief ... Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath" or "Yahweh will remove every thief from the land ... Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh will cut off every thief ... Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath" or "Yahweh will remove every thief from the land ... Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath" # what it says on the one side ... what it says on the other side -"what the scroll says on one side ... what the scroll says on the other side" - +"what the scroll says on one side ... what the scroll says on the other side" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/04.md b/zec/05/04.md index c43b610270..b0834fa640 100644 --- a/zec/05/04.md +++ b/zec/05/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" # consume its timber and stones -The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: "destroy its wood and stones" or "completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"destroy its wood and stones" or "completely destroy it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/05.md b/zec/05/05.md index 47c8ef7180..d59d385487 100644 --- a/zec/05/05.md +++ b/zec/05/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Raise your eyes -The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: "Look up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"Look up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/06.md b/zec/05/06.md index f6bb25142a..10c4339fe8 100644 --- a/zec/05/06.md +++ b/zec/05/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming -An "ephah" is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: "This is a measuring basket that is coming" or "This is a large container that is coming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"This is a large container that is coming". An "ephah" is a unit of measurement for dry materials and equals 22 liters. # This is their iniquity in the whole land -The basket symbolizes the people's iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: "This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - +"This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/07.md b/zec/05/07.md index cece6c685c..2d2e92d070 100644 --- a/zec/05/07.md +++ b/zec/05/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # a lead covering was lifted off the basket -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"someone lifted a lead covering off the basket" # there was a woman under it sitting in it -"there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket" - +"there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/08.md b/zec/05/08.md index f65e3db12a..675af8f2f7 100644 --- a/zec/05/08.md +++ b/zec/05/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # This is Wickedness -The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: "This woman represents wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +"This woman represents wickedness" # He threw her ... he threw the lead cover -"He thrust her ... he forced the lead cover." The word "threw" indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover. - +"He thrust her ... he forced the lead cover." The word "threw" indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/09.md b/zec/05/09.md index afcae3e765..454068b9c3 100644 --- a/zec/05/09.md +++ b/zec/05/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I lifted my eyes -Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: "I looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I looked up" # wind was in their wings -This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: "they were flying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"they were flying" # they had wings like a stork's wings @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zecha # They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven -The words "earth" and "heaven" form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: "They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/10.md b/zec/05/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/05/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/05/11.md b/zec/05/11.md index ed57133873..e37ff7c49e 100644 --- a/zec/05/11.md +++ b/zec/05/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it -The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: "They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it" # the basket will be set there -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will set the basket there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will set the basket there" # on its prepared base -The words "prepared base" refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket. - +This refers to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/05/intro.md b/zec/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0a67613cea..0000000000 --- a/zec/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 5 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/06/01.md b/zec/06/01.md index ebfa37c5cf..c7d6cfa8e8 100644 --- a/zec/06/01.md +++ b/zec/06/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,11 @@ +# General Information + +This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word "branch" should be translated as his name. The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. + # lifted my eyes -Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: "looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"looked up" # between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze -Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: "between two bronze mountains" - +"between two bronze mountains" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/02.md b/zec/06/02.md index b7b2dda8d1..52525392a5 100644 --- a/zec/06/02.md +++ b/zec/06/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The first chariot had red horses -It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: "The first chariot had red horses pulling it" or "Red horses were pulling the first chariot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"The first chariot had red horses pulling it" or "Red horses were pulling the first chariot" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/03.md b/zec/06/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/06/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/06/04.md b/zec/06/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/06/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/06/05.md b/zec/06/05.md index 7352749b93..8e4e7e7c14 100644 --- a/zec/06/05.md +++ b/zec/06/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # These are the four winds of heaven -The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: "These chariots represent the four winds of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +"These chariots represent the four winds of heaven" # the four winds of heaven -This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean "four spirits." +This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean "four spirits." # standing before the Lord of all the earth -The idiom to "stand before" means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). Alternate translation: "serving the Lord of all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"serving the Lord of all the earth". This means to be in a person's presence and to serve him. See Zechariah 4:14. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/06.md b/zec/06/06.md index da12aa3d2b..9e8196c6c6 100644 --- a/zec/06/06.md +++ b/zec/06/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the white horses are going out to the west country -Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean "the white horses are going out after them," that is, following the black horses to the north country. +"the white horses are going out after them," that is, following the black horses to the north country. # the white horses are ... the spotted gray horses are -Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: "the chariot with the white horses is ... the chariot with the spotted gray horses is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the chariot with the white horses is ... the chariot with the spotted gray horses is" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/07.md b/zec/06/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/06/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/06/08.md b/zec/06/08.md index c4e05c873c..81c41094b5 100644 --- a/zec/06/08.md +++ b/zec/06/08.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # they will appease my spirit concerning the north country -The words "my spirit" refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read "Yahweh's spirit." Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: "they will calm my anger concerning the north country" or 2) the word "spirit" represents Yahweh's presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh's blessings. Alternate translation: "they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"they will calm my anger concerning the north country" or "they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/09.md b/zec/06/09.md index f74be1d2ec..d47c6641d4 100644 --- a/zec/06/09.md +++ b/zec/06/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to me. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message to me". This introduces a special message from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/10.md b/zec/06/10.md index dad2c6933c..d9a9d0fdae 100644 --- a/zec/06/10.md +++ b/zec/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. # this same day -"today" - +"today" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/11.md b/zec/06/11.md index 6d49f32e9d..9263249347 100644 --- a/zec/06/11.md +++ b/zec/06/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Jozadak -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man. # take the silver and gold, make a crown -"make a crown with the silver and gold" - +"make a crown with the silver and gold" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/12.md b/zec/06/12.md index e3b1731715..e762fc8963 100644 --- a/zec/06/12.md +++ b/zec/06/12.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # his name is Branch -The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The word "Branch" refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh's people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word "Branch" is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in Zechariah 3:8. # He will grow up where he is -The phrase "grow up" refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a "Branch." This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/13.md b/zec/06/13.md index 8b2b173b2d..211eddfe54 100644 --- a/zec/06/13.md +++ b/zec/06/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # He will be a priest on his throne -Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will be both priest and king or 2) the "Branch" will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: "There will be a priest upon his throne" +"There will be a priest upon his throne" # he will bear a counsel of peace between the two -The words "the two" refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are 1) the "Branch" will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or 2) the "Branch" who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. - +The words "the two" refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are: the "Branch" will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or the "Branch" who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/14.md b/zec/06/14.md index 83d208ce7d..1b319eabe2 100644 --- a/zec/06/14.md +++ b/zec/06/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # The crown will given -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "You will give the crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"You will give the crown" # Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah ... Hen -These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Zechariah 6:10. # for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial -Some modern versions interpret this phrase as "as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah" or "as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah." Also, some modern versions interpret the name "Hen" as meaning the name "Josiah." - +"as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah" or "as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah." Also, some modern versions interpret the name "Hen" as meaning the name "Josiah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/15.md b/zec/06/15.md index 2d11922569..698a7dd504 100644 --- a/zec/06/15.md +++ b/zec/06/15.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # those who are far off -This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. # so you will know -The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The word "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. # truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God -Here to "listen" means to obey and the word "voice" represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: "truly obey what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"truly obey what Yahweh your God says" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/06/intro.md b/zec/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 05b17a74c9..0000000000 --- a/zec/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Crown -The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word "branch" should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Meaning of the visions -The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/07/01.md b/zec/07/01.md index 4275c755fa..3ef0d4af4a 100644 --- a/zec/07/01.md +++ b/zec/07/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # on the fourth day -"on day 4" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"on day 4" # Kislev (which was the ninth month) -"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. # the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah". This introduces a special message from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/02.md b/zec/07/02.md index 80ea883cc5..de021cc886 100644 --- a/zec/07/02.md +++ b/zec/07/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Sharezer and Regem-Melek -These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are the names of men. # beg @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. # before the face of Yahweh -Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. Alternate translation: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"in the presence of Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/03.md b/zec/07/03.md index 7f5ba45efc..6f1b20fc30 100644 --- a/zec/07/03.md +++ b/zec/07/03.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek. # Should I mourn in the fifth month -"Should I mourn in month 5." The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. # by means of a fast -"by fasting" - +"by fasting" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/04.md b/zec/07/04.md index a6dd1fff47..6678b5aa2b 100644 --- a/zec/07/04.md +++ b/zec/07/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me". This introduces a special message from God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/05.md b/zec/07/05.md index 68c7d1ee85..d42ef8b106 100644 --- a/zec/07/05.md +++ b/zec/07/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# in the fifth and in the seventh month - -"in months 5 and 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - # in the fifth -The word "month" can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: "in the fifth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the fifth month" # in the seventh month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. # for these seventy years -The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. # were you truly fasting for me? -This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "you were not really fasting for me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"you were not really fasting for me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/06.md b/zec/07/06.md index 57c87eb9b8..fc003cdba0 100644 --- a/zec/07/06.md +++ b/zec/07/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # When you ate and drank -Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. +Possible meanings are: when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. # did you not eat and drink for yourselves? -This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "it was for yourselves that you ate and drank." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"it was for yourselves that you ate and drank." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/07.md b/zec/07/07.md index 0b8c625f4f..a549870483 100644 --- a/zec/07/07.md +++ b/zec/07/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Were these not the same words ... were inhabited? -Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "These are the same words ... were inhabited." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"These are the same words ... were inhabited". Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. # by the hand of the former prophets -Here "hand" is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: "by the words of the former prophets" or "through the former prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"by the words of the former prophets" or "through the former prophets" # when Jerusalem and the surrounding cities were inhabited and prosperous -"you still lived in Jerusalem and everyone who lived in the surrounding cities was prosperous" - +"you still lived in Jerusalem and everyone who lived in the surrounding cities was prosperous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/08.md b/zec/07/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 376391b850..0000000000 --- a/zec/07/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - diff --git a/zec/07/09.md b/zec/07/09.md index 8902b9ccc3..b8aa38a332 100644 --- a/zec/07/09.md +++ b/zec/07/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy -The abstract nouns "justice," "faithfulness," and "mercy" can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful" # Let each man do this -The word "this" refers to how a person should judge. - +The word "this" refers to how a person should judge. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/10.md b/zec/07/10.md index bfbb398d31..8ab1e91cd3 100644 --- a/zec/07/10.md +++ b/zec/07/10.md @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ someone who travels from his own land to a different land # let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart -Here "heart" represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: "you must not make plans to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you must not make plans to do evil" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/11.md b/zec/07/11.md index 9f2fde85c9..6e8775e10b 100644 --- a/zec/07/11.md +++ b/zec/07/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # set their shoulders stubbornly -This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: "became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"became stubborn". This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. # They stopped up their ears so they would not hear -This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: "They refused to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"They refused to listen" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/12.md b/zec/07/12.md index 81efb3b3bd..684e4db644 100644 --- a/zec/07/12.md +++ b/zec/07/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts -The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: "They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts" # in earlier times @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyie # by the mouth of the prophets -Here the "mouth of the prophets" is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: "through the words of the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"through the words of the prophets" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/13.md b/zec/07/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/07/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/07/14.md b/zec/07/14.md index cb6a515618..b9426bd607 100644 --- a/zec/07/14.md +++ b/zec/07/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will scatter them with a whirlwind -Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: "I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things". Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people. # whirlwind @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage # delightful land -"pleasant land" or "fruitful land" - +"pleasant land" or "fruitful land" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/07/intro.md b/zec/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index a5aa6a1db4..0000000000 --- a/zec/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose. - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Fasting -This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land. - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 7:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/08/01.md b/zec/08/01.md index 5e49d11d0d..17ca969c26 100644 --- a/zec/08/01.md +++ b/zec/08/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" diff --git a/zec/08/02.md b/zec/08/02.md index d303855be9..260be01ada 100644 --- a/zec/08/02.md +++ b/zec/08/02.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # for Zion -Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: "for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" # with great anger -You may need to make explicit that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: "with great anger against her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"with great anger against her enemies" diff --git a/zec/08/03.md b/zec/08/03.md index 7707aa3292..8059194c97 100644 --- a/zec/08/03.md +++ b/zec/08/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the mountain of Yahweh of hosts -The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. diff --git a/zec/08/04.md b/zec/08/04.md index 3b5167d81e..a8071bab41 100644 --- a/zec/08/04.md +++ b/zec/08/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # in his hand because he has grown so old -People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. diff --git a/zec/08/06.md b/zec/08/06.md index 55b8a23b64..b19570c49f 100644 --- a/zec/08/06.md +++ b/zec/08/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # If something seems impossible in the eyes of -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "If something does not appear to be possible to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"If something does not appear to be possible to" # the remnant of this people @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate # in my eyes -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to me" # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/08/07.md b/zec/08/07.md index 51c44c8e22..633adaf78b 100644 --- a/zec/08/07.md +++ b/zec/08/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I am about to rescue my people -The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" # from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun -Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: "From the land to the east and from the land to the west" or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: "from all lands in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - +"from all lands in every direction" diff --git a/zec/08/08.md b/zec/08/08.md index 969cccdef7..8844a60f70 100644 --- a/zec/08/08.md +++ b/zec/08/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will be their God in truth and in righteousness -This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns "truth" and "righteousness." Alternate translation: "I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" diff --git a/zec/08/09.md b/zec/08/09.md index a59217cbd5..fe45a8cfc9 100644 --- a/zec/08/09.md +++ b/zec/08/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Strengthen your hands -This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: "Be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Be strong and courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/10.md b/zec/08/10.md index 95350964fb..c4300fe75d 100644 --- a/zec/08/10.md +++ b/zec/08/10.md @@ -2,18 +2,10 @@ Here "those days" refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple. -# no crops were gathered in - -"there were no crops to harvest" - # there was no profit for either man or animal It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land because they got no food from it. -# for anyone going or coming - -This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - # I had set every person each against his neighbor "I had turned everyone against each other" diff --git a/zec/08/11.md b/zec/08/11.md index 8ff3e72744..46db120e07 100644 --- a/zec/08/11.md +++ b/zec/08/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people - -"But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days" - # in former days -"in the past." The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the past." # the remnant of this people -The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: "the people who returned from exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"the people who returned from exile" diff --git a/zec/08/12.md b/zec/08/12.md index b734941128..0697a4e93e 100644 --- a/zec/08/12.md +++ b/zec/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # seeds of peace will be sown -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "the people will safely sow seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the people will safely sow seed" # the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew -The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. # inherit all these things diff --git a/zec/08/13.md b/zec/08/13.md index 566cc4348c..66d71cca42 100644 --- a/zec/08/13.md +++ b/zec/08/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # You were an example to the other nations of a curse -The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" # house of Judah and house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: "people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of Judah and Israel" # you will be a blessing -Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: "you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations" or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: "I will give you many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel." # let your hands be strong -This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: "be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# house of Judah and house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"be strong and courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/15.md b/zec/08/15.md index b4b2e393ea..0602dcdf6f 100644 --- a/zec/08/15.md +++ b/zec/08/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Jerusalem -This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/08/16.md b/zec/08/16.md index e22828b98a..fd415cd4de 100644 --- a/zec/08/16.md +++ b/zec/08/16.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # Speak truth, every person with his neighbor -The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "true." Alternate translation: "Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" # his neighbor @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ Here "neighbor" means any person, not just someone who lives nearby. # Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates -This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "truth," "justice," and "peace." Alternate translation: "When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" # in your gates -The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: "in your places of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"in your places of judgment" diff --git a/zec/08/17.md b/zec/08/17.md index a9b74bf920..721de11438 100644 --- a/zec/08/17.md +++ b/zec/08/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/08/18.md b/zec/08/18.md index 855bed9802..e0de5bb34f 100644 --- a/zec/08/18.md +++ b/zec/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - # came to me Here "me" refers to Zechariah. diff --git a/zec/08/19.md b/zec/08/19.md index 2d486f3a8b..0a0bd64313 100644 --- a/zec/08/19.md +++ b/zec/08/19.md @@ -1,32 +1,19 @@ -# The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month - -"The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - # The fasts of the fourth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. # the fifth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. # the seventh month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. # the tenth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) - -# times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals - -The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: "joyful and glad times, with happy festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# the house of Judah - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. # love truth and peace -The abstract nouns "truth" and "peace" can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: "love what is truthful and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"love what is truthful and peaceful" diff --git a/zec/08/20.md b/zec/08/20.md index 2c820270ff..6b9420b754 100644 --- a/zec/08/20.md +++ b/zec/08/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # People will come again -The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: "People will come again to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"People will come again to Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/08/21.md b/zec/08/21.md index 6e3a767105..dd2f8196a6 100644 --- a/zec/08/21.md +++ b/zec/08/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # will go to another city -This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: "will go to the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will go to the people of another city" # beg Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. -# before the face of Yahweh - -Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # seek Yahweh of hosts -Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. diff --git a/zec/08/22.md b/zec/08/22.md index fcfe643471..eee7e99778 100644 --- a/zec/08/22.md +++ b/zec/08/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # mighty nations -This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: "people of mighty nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of mighty nations" diff --git a/zec/08/23.md b/zec/08/23.md index 4de5f86ea0..4146d9dd88 100644 --- a/zec/08/23.md +++ b/zec/08/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# will grasp the hem of the robe of a Jew - -The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: "will grasp the hem of the robe of a Jew to get his attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # Let us go with you -The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Let us go to Jerusalem with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Let us go to Jerusalem with you" # God is with you diff --git a/zec/08/intro.md b/zec/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97dc501357..0000000000 --- a/zec/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 8 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/09/01.md b/zec/09/01.md index 0297bc61a8..6c8b483c97 100644 --- a/zec/09/01.md +++ b/zec/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning - -"This is Yahweh's message about" - -# the land of Hadrak and Damascus - -Here "Hadrak" and "Damascus" refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: "the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # Hadrak The location of Hadrak is unknown today. @@ -14,11 +6,6 @@ The location of Hadrak is unknown today. "the resting place of the people of Hadrak" -# for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh - -Some versions translate this as "for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel." - # the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh -Here "eyes" refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: "all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" diff --git a/zec/09/02.md b/zec/09/02.md index 8bf87fa935..75a389326f 100644 --- a/zec/09/02.md +++ b/zec/09/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Hamath -This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of the land of Hamath" # Tyre and Sidon -This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Tyre and Sidon" # for they are very wise -Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: "though they think they are very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +"though they think they are very wise" diff --git a/zec/09/03.md b/zec/09/03.md index 8b2698fa3e..8feaa35728 100644 --- a/zec/09/03.md +++ b/zec/09/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # built herself a stronghold -Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" # heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets -Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" diff --git a/zec/09/04.md b/zec/09/04.md index a832187896..0a76f97853 100644 --- a/zec/09/04.md +++ b/zec/09/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Look! The Lord will dispossess her -Here "Look!" tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" +"Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" # destroy her strength on the sea -Tyre's "strength on the sea" refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: "destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" # so she will be devoured by fire -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and enemies will burn the city to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and enemies will burn the city to the ground" diff --git a/zec/09/05.md b/zec/09/05.md index ee8305c991..3bc5c5e649 100644 --- a/zec/09/05.md +++ b/zec/09/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes -These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" # will see diff --git a/zec/09/06.md b/zec/09/06.md index 6cb96c61d9..60b4a15803 100644 --- a/zec/09/06.md +++ b/zec/09/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # I will cut off the pride of the Philistines -Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" diff --git a/zec/09/07.md b/zec/09/07.md index cd68e3fed3..65cf7dcb27 100644 --- a/zec/09/07.md +++ b/zec/09/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth -Here "blood" is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and "abominations" is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: "I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" diff --git a/zec/09/08.md b/zec/09/08.md index 0caf139019..05c1308ce4 100644 --- a/zec/09/08.md +++ b/zec/09/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will camp around my land -God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: "I will protect my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will protect my land" # for now @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land # I see with my own eyes -Here "my own eyes" represent Yahweh's personal attention. Alternate translation: "I will personally watch over my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will personally watch over my land" diff --git a/zec/09/09.md b/zec/09/09.md index 584ed9561c..169ec5c598 100644 --- a/zec/09/09.md +++ b/zec/09/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. - -# Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! - -These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # Shout If your language has a word for a shout of victory that is different from a shout to begin a battle, you might want to use it here. # daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md). +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." # Behold! -This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: "Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" +"Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" # He is righteous and victorious @@ -24,5 +16,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "He is righteous and is coming to save you." # on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: "on a young donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"on a young donkey" diff --git a/zec/09/10.md b/zec/09/10.md index f08df5ccc9..eadfb0f7e0 100644 --- a/zec/09/10.md +++ b/zec/09/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ # cut off the chariot from Ephraim -Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" +"destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" # the horse from Jerusalem -The references to "chariot" and "bow" means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the warhorses in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the warhorses in Jerusalem" # the bow will be cut off from battle -Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: "all weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"all weapons of war will be destroyed" # for he will speak peace to the nations -Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for your king will bring peace to the nations" # his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! -The phrases "sea to sea" and "from the River to the ends of the earth" mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: "his kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"his kingdom will be over all the earth!" # the River diff --git a/zec/09/11.md b/zec/09/11.md index 3d287fc79c..2045e27f45 100644 --- a/zec/09/11.md +++ b/zec/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. - # As for you -Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." +This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." # the pit where there is no water -This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. diff --git a/zec/09/12.md b/zec/09/12.md index cb16a3ca44..3ede5bf142 100644 --- a/zec/09/12.md +++ b/zec/09/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Return to the stronghold -Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Come back to your nation where you will be safe" # prisoners of hope -This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: "prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" +"prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" # return double to you diff --git a/zec/09/13.md b/zec/09/13.md index 92af5f2137..e86fed4c25 100644 --- a/zec/09/13.md +++ b/zec/09/13.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." # I have bent Judah as my bow -The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here "Judah" refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: "I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" # filled my quiver with Ephraim -Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. ( # I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece -God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. diff --git a/zec/09/14.md b/zec/09/14.md index ee27034d81..cf71078b14 100644 --- a/zec/09/14.md +++ b/zec/09/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. - # will appear to them -The word "them" refers to God's people. Alternate translation: "will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" +"will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" # his arrows will shoot out like lightning! -The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. # blow the ram's horn @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ People blew into rams' horns to give signals in battle and on other occasions. H # will advance with the storms from Teman -Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: "will march from Teman with the storm winds" +"will march from Teman with the storm winds" diff --git a/zec/09/15.md b/zec/09/15.md index eb4f078ffa..c5082564a9 100644 --- a/zec/09/15.md +++ b/zec/09/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ # they will devour them -"the people of Judah will devour their enemies" - -# will devour - -To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: "will completely defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the people of Judah will will completely defeat their enemies" # defeat the stones of the slings -Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the "stones of the slings" represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: "defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" # Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine -The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: "Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" # they will be filled with wine like bowls -This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal's blood to the altar. Alternate translation: "they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" # like the corners of the altar -Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: "they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" diff --git a/zec/09/16.md b/zec/09/16.md index 9d2d9d7418..27cd0f96c0 100644 --- a/zec/09/16.md +++ b/zec/09/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. - # God will rescue them ... as the flock of his people -The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. # They are the jewels of a crown -The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: "They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" diff --git a/zec/09/17.md b/zec/09/17.md index 897718e3c4..2026001488 100644 --- a/zec/09/17.md +++ b/zec/09/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # How good and how beautiful they will be! -This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: "They will be very good and beautiful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) +"They will be very good and beautiful!" # The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! -This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: "All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" # The young men ... the virgins -These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# grain ... sweet wine - -These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. diff --git a/zec/09/intro.md b/zec/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c1d2debeb..0000000000 --- a/zec/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 9 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecies against other nations -The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/10/01.md b/zec/10/01.md index 2c845abda4..2d6e67980c 100644 --- a/zec/10/01.md +++ b/zec/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # vegetation in the field "causes plants to grow in the field" diff --git a/zec/10/02.md b/zec/10/02.md index 0379acfc97..b21b21106b 100644 --- a/zec/10/02.md +++ b/zec/10/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # household idols speak wickedness -"household idols say evil things." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UDB makes this explicit. +"household idols say evil things." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. # diviners envision a lie @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # they tell deceitful dreams -It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" # empty comfort @@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm hel # they wander like sheep -The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: "the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" # they ... suffer because there is no shepherd -The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: "the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" diff --git a/zec/10/03.md b/zec/10/03.md index 3bbda291ab..a9cde54de9 100644 --- a/zec/10/03.md +++ b/zec/10/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ -# General Information: - -It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. - # My wrath burns against the shepherds -Here "the shepherds" represent the leaders of God's people. The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" # it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish -Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. # Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah -Here Yahweh's care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" +"Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" # the house of Judah -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" or "the people of Judah" # make them like his warhorse in battle -Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: "will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" diff --git a/zec/10/04.md b/zec/10/04.md index 979ed7d99f..de4c5dae7f 100644 --- a/zec/10/04.md +++ b/zec/10/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. - # From Judah will come the cornerstone -"The cornerstone will come from Judah." The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: "One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the cornerstone ... the tent peg ... the war bow - -Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +"One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" # from him will come the tent peg -"the tent peg will come from him." The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: "the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" # from him will come the war bow -"the war bow will come from him." Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: "the military leader will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the military leader will come from Judah" # from him will come every ruler together diff --git a/zec/10/05.md b/zec/10/05.md index 9cb3b8399f..ef8176ddea 100644 --- a/zec/10/05.md +++ b/zec/10/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # They will be like warriors ... streets in battle -The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: "They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle - -To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" # Yahweh is with them -Here "with them" is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh will help them" # they will shame those who ride warhorses -Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: "they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" diff --git a/zec/10/06.md b/zec/10/06.md index 60698a135d..a676eb2d6e 100644 --- a/zec/10/06.md +++ b/zec/10/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # the house of Judah -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" # the house of Joseph -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" diff --git a/zec/10/07.md b/zec/10/07.md index ffc1c58f50..50e53771e6 100644 --- a/zec/10/07.md +++ b/zec/10/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Ephraim will be like a warrior -"Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Ephraim will be very strong" # their hearts will rejoice as with wine -Here "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: "and they will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"and they will be very happy" # their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! diff --git a/zec/10/08.md b/zec/10/08.md index 3e4c6aa5f5..84d0f2ead1 100644 --- a/zec/10/08.md +++ b/zec/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I will whistle To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here. diff --git a/zec/10/09.md b/zec/10/09.md index 8409fd6f91..fd96cb6c86 100644 --- a/zec/10/09.md +++ b/zec/10/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I sowed them among the peoples -The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. diff --git a/zec/10/10.md b/zec/10/10.md index 496e6545f8..1835ca63ac 100644 --- a/zec/10/10.md +++ b/zec/10/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # until there is no more room for them -The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "and they will completely fill the land" +"and they will completely fill the land" diff --git a/zec/10/11.md b/zec/10/11.md index 6dade4a917..be1b00dd7f 100644 --- a/zec/10/11.md +++ b/zec/10/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I will pass through the sea of their affliction -Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: "I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" # I will strike the waves of that sea -Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: "I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" # will dry up all the depths of the Nile @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from fo # The majesty of Assyria will be brought down -Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy Assyria's proud army" # the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians -Here "the scepter of Egypt" refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: "the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" diff --git a/zec/10/12.md b/zec/10/12.md index 0c0629ccc3..d5ac38dcf1 100644 --- a/zec/10/12.md +++ b/zec/10/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/10/intro.md b/zec/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 271176f07e..0000000000 --- a/zec/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Redemption -This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/11/01.md b/zec/11/01.md index 8a0a54e56c..7b3f7b385a 100644 --- a/zec/11/01.md +++ b/zec/11/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour -Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here "Lebanon" is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" # fire may devour your cedars -Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: "fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/02.md b/zec/11/02.md index 1a645c7559..a80365b7a7 100644 --- a/zec/11/02.md +++ b/zec/11/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Wail, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen -Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" # What was glorious has been devastated -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The glorious cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once glorious, but now they are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The glorious cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once glorious, but now they are ruined" # Wail, you oaks of Bashan, for the impenetrable forest has gone down. -The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their impenetrable forests are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their impenetrable forests are gone" # impenetrable forest diff --git a/zec/11/03.md b/zec/11/03.md index e66130732a..8ed806e705 100644 --- a/zec/11/03.md +++ b/zec/11/03.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # for their glory has been destroyed -Here "their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: "for their rich pastures are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for their rich pastures are ruined" # for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated -Here "the pride" probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" diff --git a/zec/11/04.md b/zec/11/04.md index 05cdfa86eb..d1315fa71d 100644 --- a/zec/11/04.md +++ b/zec/11/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - # watch over the flock set aside for slaughter "take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter" diff --git a/zec/11/05.md b/zec/11/05.md index 1f4c87ca14..104826281a 100644 --- a/zec/11/05.md +++ b/zec/11/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Those who buy them ... them and are not guilty -The inhabitants of the land do not consider "those who buy them" guilty, but Yahweh does and uses irony to say so. Alternate translation: "Those who buy them ... them, but no one believes they are guilty for doing so" - -# guilty - -You may need to make explicit that Yahweh considers them guilty of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"Those who buy them ... them, but no one believes they are guilty for doing so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/06.md b/zec/11/06.md index ce51a34682..85e239c39b 100644 --- a/zec/11/06.md +++ b/zec/11/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" # See! @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declarin # I myself -The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. # turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" # none of them will I deliver them from their hand -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" diff --git a/zec/11/09.md b/zec/11/09.md index d3c3e0f143..72bc4a417a 100644 --- a/zec/11/09.md +++ b/zec/11/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" diff --git a/zec/11/11.md b/zec/11/11.md index a667de554b..0069987517 100644 --- a/zec/11/11.md +++ b/zec/11/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the covenant was broken -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the covenant ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the covenant ended" # knew that Yahweh had spoken -It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: "knew that Yahweh had given them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"knew that Yahweh had given them a message" diff --git a/zec/11/12.md b/zec/11/12.md index f6809d177a..29191dd47e 100644 --- a/zec/11/12.md +++ b/zec/11/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # thirty pieces of silver -It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: "only thirty pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# thirty pieces - -"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"only thirty pieces of silver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/13.md b/zec/11/13.md index b5d072ffd0..1b763c8a06 100644 --- a/zec/11/13.md +++ b/zec/11/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. - # treasury -This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as "potter." This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was. +This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. # the excellent price -Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. Alternate translation: "the ridiculously small amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"the small amount of money" diff --git a/zec/11/14.md b/zec/11/14.md index 0563cfbaa2..9d2cf2bc58 100644 --- a/zec/11/14.md +++ b/zec/11/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # between Judah and Israel -Here "Judah" represents the people of the southern kingdom and "Israel" represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: "between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" diff --git a/zec/11/15.md b/zec/11/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 59cad4c863..0000000000 --- a/zec/11/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - diff --git a/zec/11/16.md b/zec/11/16.md index 47f758f7ea..99e3f66282 100644 --- a/zec/11/16.md +++ b/zec/11/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land -Here "set in place" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" # the fattened sheep diff --git a/zec/11/17.md b/zec/11/17.md index ae682e17bb..04eddcf9d2 100644 --- a/zec/11/17.md +++ b/zec/11/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ # May the sword -Here "sword" represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: "May enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"May enemies" # come against his arm and his right eye -Here "come against" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" # his arm -Here "arm" represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# his right eye - -A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Here "arm" represents the power to fight. # his arm wither away diff --git a/zec/11/intro.md b/zec/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index de81d5794b..0000000000 --- a/zec/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to represent Yahweh's dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -#### Symbolism -The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them "Unity" and "Favor." He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/12/01.md b/zec/12/01.md index 86014ec5ae..8ebe9fa52d 100644 --- a/zec/12/01.md +++ b/zec/12/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # who stretched out the skies -This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: "the one who created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the one who created the sky" # laid the foundation of the earth -This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: "put all the earth into place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"put all the earth into place" # fashions the spirit of mankind within man -This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: "creates the human spirit" +"creates the human spirit" diff --git a/zec/12/02.md b/zec/12/02.md index 7f233230dc..4cf0606f87 100644 --- a/zec/12/02.md +++ b/zec/12/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about -Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: "Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" # into a cup -Here "cup" represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: "into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" # surrounding her -Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. diff --git a/zec/12/03.md b/zec/12/03.md index 0a00c9b1f4..3e5bc69bc2 100644 --- a/zec/12/03.md +++ b/zec/12/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all the peoples -Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a very heavy stone. Alternate translation: "It will be like I will make Jerusalem a very heavy stone for all the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It will be like I will make Jerusalem a very heavy stone for all the peoples" # burdensome stone ... carry diff --git a/zec/12/04.md b/zec/12/04.md index 726a07650a..8e1719d6b5 100644 --- a/zec/12/04.md +++ b/zec/12/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes -Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: "I will do good things for the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will do good things for the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" # the house of Judah -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Judah" diff --git a/zec/12/05.md b/zec/12/05.md index f4da35d364..5501b08032 100644 --- a/zec/12/05.md +++ b/zec/12/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # say in their hearts -Here "hearts" represents a person's mind. Alternate translation: "think to themselves" or "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"think to themselves" or "say to themselves" # are our strength -The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong" or "encourage." Alternate translation: "make us strong" or "encourage us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"make us strong" or "encourage us" # Yahweh of hosts, their God diff --git a/zec/12/06.md b/zec/12/06.md index 510194ba21..242b6d5e25 100644 --- a/zec/12/06.md +++ b/zec/12/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # like firepots among wood ... standing grain -This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: "like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" # firepots @@ -16,13 +12,12 @@ a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or ca # will consume all the surrounding peoples -Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will "devour" them. Alternate translation: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will destroy the surrounding peoples" # on their right and on their left -Here "right" and "left" represent every direction. Alternate translation: "in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"in every direction" # Jerusalem will again live in her own place -Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" diff --git a/zec/12/07.md b/zec/12/07.md index d4bfd6e713..a296a7f75d 100644 --- a/zec/12/07.md +++ b/zec/12/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # the tents of Judah -Here "tents" represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Judah" # the house of David -Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. diff --git a/zec/12/08.md b/zec/12/08.md index d244ebe8d9..231d914b36 100644 --- a/zec/12/08.md +++ b/zec/12/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # those who are weak among them will be like David -This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: "those who are weak will be strong like David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"those who are weak will be strong like David" # the angel of Yahweh diff --git a/zec/12/09.md b/zec/12/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/12/10.md b/zec/12/10.md index 333b8ecdb3..64209723d1 100644 --- a/zec/12/10.md +++ b/zec/12/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ # I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: "I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a spirit of compassion and pleading - -Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading. - -# the house of David - -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" # the one they have pierced @@ -16,5 +8,5 @@ Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of # for an only son -It is understood that the "son" has died. Alternate translation: "for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"for an only son who has died" diff --git a/zec/12/11.md b/zec/12/11.md index d35357283f..7eef90fde4 100644 --- a/zec/12/11.md +++ b/zec/12/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the wailing in Jerusalem will be like the wailing at Hadad Rimmon -Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. # Megiddo -This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a plain in Israel. diff --git a/zec/12/12.md b/zec/12/12.md index 131129eb8a..ae39b87e7b 100644 --- a/zec/12/12.md +++ b/zec/12/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # The land will mourn -This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: "All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan - -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" diff --git a/zec/12/13.md b/zec/12/13.md index 75e3145a6e..6d6642d534 100644 --- a/zec/12/13.md +++ b/zec/12/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The clan of the house of Levi -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The descendants of Levi" diff --git a/zec/12/14.md b/zec/12/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/12/intro.md b/zec/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2d494ef2b2..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 12 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecy -Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/13/01.md b/zec/13/01.md index 5e1482ab3a..3074e97a2d 100644 --- a/zec/13/01.md +++ b/zec/13/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a spring will be opened ... for their sin and impurity -Forgiving the people's sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" # a spring @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ a place where water flows naturally out of the ground # the house of David -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the descendants of David" diff --git a/zec/13/02.md b/zec/13/02.md index a2a5f159c9..5790080fc2 100644 --- a/zec/13/02.md +++ b/zec/13/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" # I will cut off the names of the idols from the land -Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would "cut off the names of the idols from the land." Alternate translation: "I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" # they will no longer be remembered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that they no longer think about the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"so that they no longer think about the idols" # I will remove the prophets and the spirit of uncleanness from the land -The prophets may refer to "false prophets." The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits" # spirit of uncleanness diff --git a/zec/13/03.md b/zec/13/03.md index c75769a24c..0e4aafb66b 100644 --- a/zec/13/03.md +++ b/zec/13/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # to prophesy -It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: "to prophesy falsely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"to prophesy falsely" # his father and mother who bore him -The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: "his own father and mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-distinguish]]) +"his own father and mother" # You will not live -This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "You must die" +"You must die" # you speak lies in the name of Yahweh -Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: "you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" # will pierce diff --git a/zec/13/04.md b/zec/13/04.md index 692dd3fb18..500e7b72cf 100644 --- a/zec/13/04.md +++ b/zec/13/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # each prophet -This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: "every false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"every false prophet" # no longer wear a hairy cloak -Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. diff --git a/zec/13/06.md b/zec/13/06.md index abbba0d8c5..5048441335 100644 --- a/zec/13/06.md +++ b/zec/13/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # What are these wounds between your arms? -"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. # he will answer -It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: "he will lie to him saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will lie to him saying" diff --git a/zec/13/07.md b/zec/13/07.md index c4fdb06441..8d886115d8 100644 --- a/zec/13/07.md +++ b/zec/13/07.md @@ -1,26 +1,22 @@ -# General Information: - -Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd -"You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd." Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: "You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" # my shepherd -This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: "my servant who is like a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my servant who is like a shepherd" # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" # the flock will scatter -The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: "my people will run away like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my people will run away like sheep" # I will turn my hand against the lowly ones -The idiom "turn my hand against" means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: "I will attack the lowly ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will attack the lowly ones" # the lowly ones diff --git a/zec/13/08.md b/zec/13/08.md index 963682540c..6ad24a86ac 100644 --- a/zec/13/08.md +++ b/zec/13/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there -People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: "that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-fraction]]) +"that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" diff --git a/zec/13/09.md b/zec/13/09.md index c03f0f6bcb..d84037f007 100644 --- a/zec/13/09.md +++ b/zec/13/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I will bring that third through the fire -Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. # refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested -Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. # They will call on my name -Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "They will call out to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They will call out to me" diff --git a/zec/13/intro.md b/zec/13/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8014266739..0000000000 --- a/zec/13/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 13 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 13:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/14/01.md b/zec/14/01.md index 35a16159cc..6dfe7d0892 100644 --- a/zec/14/01.md +++ b/zec/14/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it. - # A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst -A future time is spoken of as if "a day is coming." The phrase "will be divided" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" diff --git a/zec/14/02.md b/zec/14/02.md index 8132e6f843..a26d6720b4 100644 --- a/zec/14/02.md +++ b/zec/14/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle -Here "every nation" is a generalization that means "many nations." Alternate translation: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" # the city will be captured -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your enemies will capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"your enemies will capture the city" # The houses will be plundered and the women raped -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" # the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city -Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be "cut off." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" diff --git a/zec/14/03.md b/zec/14/03.md index a331326dd0..64fc517627 100644 --- a/zec/14/03.md +++ b/zec/14/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle. - # as when he makes war on the day of battle "just as he fought battles in the past" diff --git a/zec/14/04.md b/zec/14/04.md index f9df8acc48..dcffa10886 100644 --- a/zec/14/04.md +++ b/zec/14/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives -Here "feet" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"he will stand on the Mount of Olives" # The Mount of Olives will be split ... by a very great valley -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" diff --git a/zec/14/05.md b/zec/14/05.md index 178de47864..da0d05efa4 100644 --- a/zec/14/05.md +++ b/zec/14/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # you will flee -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. # between Yahweh's mountains @@ -12,15 +8,15 @@ This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half. # Azel -This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. # You will flee just as you fled -Here "You will" refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, "you fled" refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: "You will flee just as your ancestors fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You will flee just as your ancestors fled" # in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah -Here "in the days" is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: "when Uzziah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"when Uzziah was king of Judah" # the holy ones diff --git a/zec/14/06.md b/zec/14/06.md index 6edcf5fffd..81a0f91ab2 100644 --- a/zec/14/06.md +++ b/zec/14/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # On that day "At that time" # there will be no light -It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: "there will be no light from the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"there will be no light from the sun" diff --git a/zec/14/07.md b/zec/14/07.md index 69afd5a314..d0f4d6e077 100644 --- a/zec/14/07.md +++ b/zec/14/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # a day known only to Yahweh -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" diff --git a/zec/14/08.md b/zec/14/08.md index 0d7fb4d9ec..509dd31613 100644 --- a/zec/14/08.md +++ b/zec/14/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # living waters -This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. # the eastern sea diff --git a/zec/14/09.md b/zec/14/09.md index d41fd8f23e..63c6df58e9 100644 --- a/zec/14/09.md +++ b/zec/14/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone -Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation or character. Alternate translation: "people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" diff --git a/zec/14/10.md b/zec/14/10.md index cd6d688fd5..295189e661 100644 --- a/zec/14/10.md +++ b/zec/14/10.md @@ -1,32 +1,32 @@ # All the land -It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: "All the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"All the land of Judah" # Arabah -This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. # Geba -This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. # Rimmon -This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. # Jerusalem will continue to be raised up -This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word "but." This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But, Jerusalem will remain high up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"But, Jerusalem will remain high up" # the Benjamin Gate ... the first gate ... the Corner Gate -These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. # the Tower of Hananel -This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. # the king's winepresses -This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. diff --git a/zec/14/11.md b/zec/14/11.md index cf02efc345..49386096ec 100644 --- a/zec/14/11.md +++ b/zec/14/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Jerusalem will live in safety -Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. Alternate translation: "The people will live safely in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people will live safely in Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/14/12.md b/zec/14/12.md index b14b91d083..76e784e639 100644 --- a/zec/14/12.md +++ b/zec/14/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # even as they are standing on their feet "while they are still standing up." This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down. diff --git a/zec/14/13.md b/zec/14/13.md index d3d93bcbb2..841e3df9f2 100644 --- a/zec/14/13.md +++ b/zec/14/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # that great panic from Yahweh will come among them -The abstract noun "panic" can be stated as "terrified." Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" # Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another -These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: "Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" diff --git a/zec/14/14.md b/zec/14/14.md index 0ddbd32343..87d704ed34 100644 --- a/zec/14/14.md +++ b/zec/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # Judah will also make war against Jerusalem -Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: "Even the other people in Judah will make war against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Judah will also make war against Jerusalem - -Some versions of the Bible read, "Judah will also make war at Jerusalem." +"Even the other people in Judah will make war against the people of Jerusalem" # They will gather the wealth diff --git a/zec/14/15.md b/zec/14/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/14/16.md b/zec/14/16.md index e65134c895..183a37f511 100644 --- a/zec/14/16.md +++ b/zec/14/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # that came against Jerusalem -Here "came against" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "that attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"that attacked Jerusalem" # will go up from year to year diff --git a/zec/14/17.md b/zec/14/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/14/18.md b/zec/14/18.md index 04172ab434..2118d08eac 100644 --- a/zec/14/18.md +++ b/zec/14/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations -Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" diff --git a/zec/14/19.md b/zec/14/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 51a6244b19..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - diff --git a/zec/14/20.md b/zec/14/20.md index 501d8ae557..bbd739871f 100644 --- a/zec/14/20.md +++ b/zec/14/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # the bells of the horses will say "the inscription on the bells of the horses will say" # the basins in the house of Yahweh -These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: "the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" # will be like the bowls before the altar -It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" diff --git a/zec/14/21.md b/zec/14/21.md index 9ae4320944..99c9b79462 100644 --- a/zec/14/21.md +++ b/zec/14/21.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple # traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh -It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: "people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" # traders diff --git a/zec/14/intro.md b/zec/14/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 623b691450..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 14 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Last days - -Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 14:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/zec/front/intro.md b/zec/front/intro.md index aa1e206d5d..fafcb5df21 100644 --- a/zec/front/intro.md +++ b/zec/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Zechariah -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Zechariah 1. Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6) @@ -25,33 +23,9 @@ ### What is the Book of Zechariah about? -Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -This book traditionally has been titled "Zechariah" or "The Book of Zechariah." Translators may decide to call it the "The Book About Zechariah" or "The Sayings of Zechariah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from exile in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over their enemies. ### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah? The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C. -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai? - -Zechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"? - -The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term "Israel" to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel. - -### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah? - -Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) - -### What does the phrase "that day" mean? - -Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referring to a future "day," the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - diff --git a/zep/01/01.md b/zep/01/01.md index b0d077b924..ce24cb872e 100644 --- a/zep/01/01.md +++ b/zep/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:2-3 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. - +Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. The ULB sets poetry (1:2-18) farther to the right to show that it is poetry. Verses 1:2-3 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. + # the word of Yahweh that came -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh gave a message" or "Yahweh spoke this message" # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah -This is a list of Zephaniah's ancestors. These usages of "son of" are the broader sense of "descendant of." Here "Hezekiah" refers to King Hezekiah. These things can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the grandson of Gedaliah, and the great-grandson of Amariah, whose father was King Hezekiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"the grandson of Gedaliah, and the great-grandson of Amariah, whose father was King Hezekiah". This is a list of Zephaniah's ancestors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/02.md b/zep/01/02.md index ccc3315551..1e48488592 100644 --- a/zep/01/02.md +++ b/zep/01/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -Zephaniah writes in poetry from this verse until the end of the book. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Zephaniah writes in poetry from this verse until the end of the book. # I will utterly destroy everything from off the surface of the earth -The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Yahweh to express his anger at the people's sin. Yahweh will destroy neither sinners who repent nor all living things. # destroy everything from off the surface of the earth @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The words "everything" and "will cut off man" are deliberate exaggerations by Ya # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/03.md b/zep/01/03.md index 0447d5dd51..86edbc15c8 100644 --- a/zep/01/03.md +++ b/zep/01/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will cut off man from the surface of the earth -"I will kill all people." This is a hyperbole, as in [Zephaniah 1:2](./02.md). +"I will kill all people." This is a hyperbole, as in verse 2. # men and animals @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ # the ruins -Possible meanings are 1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or 2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. +Possible meanings are: the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or the idols that Yahweh destroyed. # cut off -Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. Alternate translation: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"destroy" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/04.md b/zep/01/04.md index 93d7b3d3d8..6fea661a85 100644 --- a/zep/01/04.md +++ b/zep/01/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. +Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. # I will reach out with my hand over Judah -This is an idiom that means God will punish. Alternate translation: "I will punish Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will punish Judah" # I will cut off every remnant ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests -The verb "cut off" applies to each of these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# cut off - -Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cut off every remnant ... I will cut off the names of the idolatrous people among the priests" # cut off ... the names of the idolatrous people among the priests -Here "cut off ... the names" is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. Alternate translation: "cause everyone ... to forget the priests who are idolatrous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"cause everyone ... to forget the priests who are idolatrous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/05.md b/zep/01/05.md index 14fefd0f0f..121cf8d9ab 100644 --- a/zep/01/05.md +++ b/zep/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the people who on the housetops ... the people who worship and swear -The verb "cut off" ([Zechariah 1:4](./04.md)) applies to these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: "I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"I will cut off the people who on the housetops ... I will cut off the people who worship and swear" # by their king @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as "by Milcom." # worship the heavenly bodies -"worship the sun, moon, and stars" - +"worship the sun, moon, and stars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/06.md b/zep/01/06.md index 3c10b11403..536c23e681 100644 --- a/zep/01/06.md +++ b/zep/01/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance -Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: "do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/07.md b/zep/01/07.md index 1dab7e39d8..1d3ed01bcb 100644 --- a/zep/01/07.md +++ b/zep/01/07.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgme # Be silent -This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. Alternate translation: "Be shocked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Be shocked" # Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests -The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh's sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests" # set apart his guests -Here "set apart" is an idiom that means he has invited them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +Here "set apart" means he has invited them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/08.md b/zep/01/08.md index dcdd8f8f18..9b55d74bf1 100644 --- a/zep/01/08.md +++ b/zep/01/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. # It will come about -This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh's judgment of Judah will begin. +This marks the point at which Yahweh's judgment of Judah will begin. # everyone dressed in foreign clothes -This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. Alternate translation: "everyone who worships foreign gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"everyone who worships foreign gods". This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/09.md b/zep/01/09.md index 0f0994948a..3a906b7645 100644 --- a/zep/01/09.md +++ b/zep/01/09.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # all those who leap over the threshold -Possible meanings are 1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or 2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or 3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. +Possible meanings are: this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. # fill their master's house with violence and deceit -The abstract nouns "violence" and "deceit" can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: "those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods" - +"those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/10.md b/zep/01/10.md index 2ab15e9a1f..d397cc29f2 100644 --- a/zep/01/10.md +++ b/zep/01/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Zephaniah 1:2-18 refers to Yahweh's judgment. Zephaniah 1:4-16 describes Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. In Zephaniah 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +Zephaniah 1:2-18 refers to Yahweh's judgment. Zephaniah 1:4-16 describes Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. In Zephaniah 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. # Fish Gate @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall. # a great crashing sound -This refers to the sound of buildings collapsing. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "a loud sound of buildings collapsing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"a loud sound of buildings collapsing" # from the hills -This refers to the hills surrounding Jerusalem. - +This refers to the hills surrounding Jerusalem. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/11.md b/zep/01/11.md index 1a938274fd..2b0bff0e1c 100644 --- a/zep/01/11.md +++ b/zep/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # people of Canaan -Because the Canaanites were merchants and the next line speaks of "those who weigh out silver," many modern translations read, "merchants." +"merchants" # those who weigh out silver @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ This refers to merchants. Before coins were used, people weighed out silver or g # cut off -Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"destroyed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/12.md b/zep/01/12.md index 7d70623f93..11a8234cbf 100644 --- a/zep/01/12.md +++ b/zep/01/12.md @@ -1,28 +1,23 @@ -# General Information: - -Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. - # It will come about at that time -This phrase is used to mark the time when Jerusalem has been destroyed by the enemies. +This marks the time when Jerusalem has been destroyed by the enemies. # I will search Jerusalem with lamps -Yahweh speaks of knowing about all people of Jerusalem as if he had searched for them with lamps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of knowing about all people of Jerusalem as if he had searched for them with lamps. # settled into their wine -They feel safe from trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +They feel safe from trouble. # say in their heart, 'Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil.' -This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "say in their heart that Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil. +"say in their heart that Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil. # say in their heart -This idiom means they think to themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This means that they think to themselves. # Yahweh will not do anything, either good or evil -Here "good and evil" is a merism that includes everything in between. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will not do anything at all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - +"Yahweh will not do anything at all" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/13.md b/zep/01/13.md index d244cff6ec..6a242bb5c3 100644 --- a/zep/01/13.md +++ b/zep/01/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # an abandoned devastation -"destroyed and abandoned" - +"destroyed and abandoned" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/14.md b/zep/01/14.md index e50354c316..6758ed7191 100644 --- a/zep/01/14.md +++ b/zep/01/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh's judgment on the people of Judah. - # near, near and hurrying quickly -The repetition of the word "near," along with the phrase "hurrying quickly," emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. Alternate translation: "close and will be here soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"close and will be here soon" # the day of Yahweh -See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](../01/07.md). +See how you translated this phrase in Zephaniah 1:7. # a warrior crying bitterly -Possible meanings are 1) a soldier crying in despair or 2) a soldier's battle cry. - +Possible meanings are: a soldier crying in despair or a soldier's battle cry. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/15.md b/zep/01/15.md index d96e7105ed..d18a8eacf1 100644 --- a/zep/01/15.md +++ b/zep/01/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # That day ... a day -These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in [Zephaniah 1:14](../01/14.md). +These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in Zephaniah 1:14. # a day of distress and anguish -The words "distress" and "anguish" mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people's distress. Alternate translation: "a day when people feel terrible distress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"a day when people feel terrible distress" # a day of storm and devastation -Here the word "storm" refers to divine judgment. The word "devastation" describes the effects of that judgment. Alternate translation: "a day of devastating storms" or "a day of devastating judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a day of devastating judgment" # a day of darkness and gloom -The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of darkness. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: "a day that is full of darkness" or "a day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a day of terrible judgment" # a day of clouds and thick darkness -This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies, the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: "a day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"a day full of dark storm clouds". These phrases refer to divine judgment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/16.md b/zep/01/16.md index b373ce85d7..dfcfb45581 100644 --- a/zep/01/16.md +++ b/zep/01/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # a day of rams' horns and alarms -The words "rams' horns" and "alarms" mean basically the same thing here. Both are means to call soldiers to prepare for battle. Alternate translation: "a day when people sound the alarm for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"a day when people sound the alarm for battle" # fortified cities and the high battlements -These two phrases both refer to military strongholds. Alternate translation: "well fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"well fortified cities". These phrases refer to military strongholds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/17.md b/zep/01/17.md index f8c8c10b58..fd60dee4b8 100644 --- a/zep/01/17.md +++ b/zep/01/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh's judgment. Verses 1:17-18 describe Yahweh's final judgment of every sinner in the future. - # they will walk about like blind men -The result of Yahweh's judgment is that people will be so confused and dazed when they walk about that people will think they are blind. Alternate translation: "they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"they will walk around as confused and dazed as blind men" # Their blood will be poured out like dust -Their blood that is shed will be as worthless as dust. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Their enemies will pour out their blood and consider it to be worthless" # their inner parts like dung -The verb "poured out" is understood here. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"their enemies will cut open their bodies and leave them to rot like dung" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/18.md b/zep/01/18.md index 4f205b585d..c874bf8258 100644 --- a/zep/01/18.md +++ b/zep/01/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the fire of his jealousy -Here "fire" refers to the intensity of Yahweh's anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "his jealousy is as intense as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his jealousy is as intense as a fire" # all the inhabitants of the earth -It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "all the wicked people who live on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"all the wicked people who live on the earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/intro.md b/zep/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d11cb4ffa8..0000000000 --- a/zep/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zephaniah 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 1:2-18. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecy -In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zephaniah 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Zephaniah intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zep/02/01.md b/zep/02/01.md index 24dac661d1..e9b3973064 100644 --- a/zep/02/01.md +++ b/zep/02/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # General Information: -In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent. +In 2:1-3, Yahweh continues to speak to Judah, and tells them to repent. In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. The ULB sets poetry (2:1-9, 12-15) farther to the right to show that it is poetry. # Rally yourselves together and gather -These two phrases mean the same thing. Together they intensify the command for the people to gather together in order to repent of their sins. Alternate translation: "Gather yourselves together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"Gather yourselves together" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/02.md b/zep/02/02.md index 97b2aead93..03b29f86b6 100644 --- a/zep/02/02.md +++ b/zep/02/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # before the decree takes effect -This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh's decree. Alternate translation: "before Yahweh punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"before Yahweh punishes you" # that day -This phrase relates to the "day of Yahweh." Translate as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:9](../01/09.md). +This phrase relates to the "day of Yahweh." Translate as you did in Zephaniah 1:9. # that day passes like the chaff -The chaff is the insignificant part of the plant that the wind blows away. In a similar way, the day of judgment will pass quickly. Alternate translation: "that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"that day passes as quickly as chaff blown by the wind" # before the fierce anger of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you, before the day of Yahweh's wrath comes upon you -The prophet repeats the same phrase almost exactly in order to emphasize how terrible Yahweh's judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The prophet repeats the same phrase to emphasize how terrible Yahweh's judgment will be and the urgency with which the people must repent. # Yahweh's wrath -This stands for God's intent to punish. Alternate translation: "Yahweh's punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Yahweh's punishment" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/03.md b/zep/02/03.md index ef595df14b..d983f26a21 100644 --- a/zep/02/03.md +++ b/zep/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Seek Yahweh -Seeking Yahweh represents either 1) asking God for help or 2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Seeking Yahweh represents asking God for help or thinking about God and obeying him. # Seek righteousness. Seek humility -The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "humility" can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: "Try to do what is right and to be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Try to do what is right and to be humble" # you will be protected in the day of Yahweh's wrath -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"Yahweh will protect you in the day of his wrath" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/04.md b/zep/02/04.md index ace89e35ed..b307f7511e 100644 --- a/zep/02/04.md +++ b/zep/02/04.md @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ These were the four major Philistine cities of that day. # will be abandoned ... will turn into a devastation -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases emphasize the complete destruction of these cities. # They will drive out Ashdod at noon -Here "They" refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for "at noon" are 1) the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or 2) the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. +Here "They" refers to the enemies of the Philistines. Possible meanings for "at noon" are: the enemies will defeat Ashdod before noon or the enemies will attack Ashdod at noon while the people are resting and unaware. # they will uproot Ekron -The defeat of Ekron is spoken of as if it was a tree that was pulled from the ground and thrown away. Alternate translation: "they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"they will take the people of Ekron away as if uprooting a tree" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/05.md b/zep/02/05.md index 07e8849d87..c6b780fd8b 100644 --- a/zep/02/05.md +++ b/zep/02/05.md @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ The Philistines were one of several people groups who lived in Canaan. # until no inhabitant remains -"until no one is left." This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "until every inhabitant is dead" - +"until every inhabitant is dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/06.md b/zep/02/06.md index 67a872355a..d8bef900d4 100644 --- a/zep/02/06.md +++ b/zep/02/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. - # So the seacoast will become pastures for shepherds and for sheep pens This probably means that the Philistine cities are gone, and only open fields remain. However, the Hebrew meaning is unclear and is sometimes translated differently by modern versions. # the seacoast -the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 2:5](./05.md). +the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in Zephaniah 2:5. # sheep pens -A sheep pen is a small area surrounded by a fence to keep the sheep together. - +A sheep pen is a small area surrounded by a fence to keep the sheep together. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/07.md b/zep/02/07.md index 741dcaa9a1..1ee84d3f05 100644 --- a/zep/02/07.md +++ b/zep/02/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The coastal region -the land near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Zephaniah 2:5](./05.md). +the land near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. # Their people @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ the land near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in # reverse their captivity -This idiom means that Yahweh will give them back what they had before they went into captivity. Alternate translation: "cause them to live well again" or "restore their fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/idiom]]) - +"cause them to live well again" or "restore their fortunes" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/08.md b/zep/02/08.md index c969ea1e4f..3d9bceec6b 100644 --- a/zep/02/08.md +++ b/zep/02/08.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. # violated their borders -This refers to crossing over into Judah's territory in order to attack them. - +This refers to crossing over into Judah's territory in order to attack them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/09.md b/zep/02/09.md index 32621ff7c8..c2e382e78c 100644 --- a/zep/02/09.md +++ b/zep/02/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # as I live -"as surely as I am alive." Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I solemnly swear" # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. # like Sodom ... like Gomorrah -These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire from heaven. These similes therefore refer to complete destruction. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "completely destroyed like Sodom ... like Gomorrah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"completely destroyed like Sodom ... like Gomorrah". These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire from heaven. # a place of nettles and a salt pit @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire fro # the remnant of my people ... the remainder of my nation -These two phrases mean the same thing and refer to the Israelites that survived Yahweh's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +These two phrases refer to the Israelites that survived Yahweh's punishment. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/10.md b/zep/02/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zep/02/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zep/02/11.md b/zep/02/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zep/02/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zep/02/12.md b/zep/02/12.md index e58f61e022..401ff6c82b 100644 --- a/zep/02/12.md +++ b/zep/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. - # You Cushites also will be pierced by my sword -Here "pieced by my sword" is a metonym for being killed in battle. Alternate translation: "I will kill you people of Cush in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"I will kill you people of Cush in battle" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/13.md b/zep/02/13.md index b106177790..ff0e333b5c 100644 --- a/zep/02/13.md +++ b/zep/02/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # God's hand -Here "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "God's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"God's power" # an abandoned devastation -The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "ruined and deserted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"ruined and deserted" # as dry as the desert -This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +This means it will be so dry that nothing will grow there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/14.md b/zep/02/14.md index 0064d1cf8d..1fd83e1e72 100644 --- a/zep/02/14.md +++ b/zep/02/14.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # the screech owl -This term is uncertain. Some versions translate it as "hedgehog." +"hedgehog" # in the top of her columns @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ When buildings were destroyed and fell down, the columns used for decoration and # beams -Beams are long and thick pieces of wood that are used to keep a building stable. - +Beams are long and thick pieces of wood that are used to keep a building stable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/15.md b/zep/02/15.md index f36fceea81..3b18a4630f 100644 --- a/zep/02/15.md +++ b/zep/02/15.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. # said in her heart -This idiom means "said to herself" or "she thought." The city is spoken of as if it were a person that could speak. It represents the people who live in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +The city is spoken of as if it were a person that could speak. It represents the people who live in that city. # I am, and nothing is my equal -It may be necessary to supply an object for "I am." Alternate translation: "I am the greatest city, and no other city is equal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I am the greatest city, and no other city is equal to me" # a horror @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ It may be necessary to supply an object for "I am." Alternate translation: "I am # hiss and shake his fist -A hiss is an angry sound. This phrase indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. - +A hiss is an angry sound and indicates extreme anger of the people toward Nineveh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/02/intro.md b/zep/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c6f228d499..0000000000 --- a/zep/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Zephaniah 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 2:1-9, 12-15. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecy -In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zephaniah 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zep/03/01.md b/zep/03/01.md index 2cc1ed0262..a8b9cee95f 100644 --- a/zep/03/01.md +++ b/zep/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # General Information: -In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. The ULB sets poetry (3:1-20) farther to the right to show that it is poetry. # the rebellious city -The nature of their rebellion can be stated. Alternate translation: "the people of the city who have rebelled against God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the people of the city who have rebelled against God" # The violent city is defiled -"The people of the city have committed violence and so I consider them unclean" - +"The people of the city have committed violence and so I consider them unclean" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/02.md b/zep/03/02.md index 9230beb574..695fb88051 100644 --- a/zep/03/02.md +++ b/zep/03/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # She has not listened to the voice of God -The voice is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: "She has not obeyed what God has said to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"She has not obeyed what God has said to her" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/03.md b/zep/03/03.md index 06264db812..4cd679e17c 100644 --- a/zep/03/03.md +++ b/zep/03/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # General Information: -In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. The city represents the people who live within it. To make this clear, it may be helpful to replace the singular "she" and "her" with the plural "they" and "their" # Her princes are roaring lions in her midst -Lions roar to chase other animals away from the prey they have caught. The princes of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were roaring lions who were keeping the prey for themselves. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem's royalty are as greedy as roaring lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Jerusalem's royalty are as greedy as roaring lions". The princes of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were roaring lions who were keeping the prey for themselves. # roaring lions -"Roaring" here is a metonym for "mighty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"mighty" # Her judges are evening wolves who leave nothing to be gnawed upon in the morning -Wolves are especially hungry before they hunt at night. The judges are spoken of as if they were hungry wolves. Alternate translation: "Her judges are as greedy as hungry wolves that leave nothing for anyone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Her judges are as greedy as hungry wolves that leave nothing for anyone else" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/04.md b/zep/03/04.md index a71d86751c..b0c3f1aac5 100644 --- a/zep/03/04.md +++ b/zep/03/04.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ # have done violence to the law -"have broken the law" - +"have broken the law" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/05.md b/zep/03/05.md index 9f3a9e4f5b..adcdba3709 100644 --- a/zep/03/05.md +++ b/zep/03/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 3:1-5, Zephaniah speaks Yahweh's message of judgment to the sinful people of Jerusalem. - # Yahweh is righteous ... He can do no wrong -These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize Yahweh's righteousness even among the wicked people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases emphasize Yahweh's righteousness even among the wicked people in Jerusalem. # in her midst @@ -12,21 +8,20 @@ These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize Yahweh's righteousness even # Morning by morning -This idiom means "Every day" or "Day after day." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Every day" or "Day after day" # he will dispense his justice -Yahweh's just treatment of every person is spoken of as if he was handing out a commodity. Alternate translation: "he will treat people justly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he will treat people justly" # It will not be hidden in the light -This uses a negative statement to emphasize the positive truth that Yahweh's justice is always visible. Alternate translation: "His justice is clearly shown to all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) +"His justice is clearly shown to all" # the unjust knows no shame -This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: "unjust people know no shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +"unjust people know no shame" # knows no shame -"is not ashamed" - +"is not ashamed" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/06.md b/zep/03/06.md index 4418a3b743..9421249eda 100644 --- a/zep/03/06.md +++ b/zep/03/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # General Information: -In verses 3:6-7, Yahweh rebukes the people of Jerusalem because they did not learn from how he judged other sinful cities. It may be helpful to add "Yahweh says this:" to the beginning of verse 6 to make this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +In verses 3:6-7, Yahweh rebukes the people of Jerusalem because they did not learn from how he judged other sinful cities. It may be helpful to add "Yahweh says this:" to the beginning of verse 6. # I have made their streets ruins, so that no one passes over them. Their cities are destroyed so that there is no man inhabiting them -These two sentences express the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the complete destruction of the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two sentences emphasize the complete destruction of the cities. # no one passes over them @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ These two sentences express the same idea in two different ways in order to emph # there is no man inhabiting them -"no one lives there." This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "all the people are dead" - +"all the people are dead" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/07.md b/zep/03/07.md index 9da91d8a65..cb6cd54111 100644 --- a/zep/03/07.md +++ b/zep/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # I said, 'Surely you will fear me ... I have planned to do to you.' -This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) +"I thought they would surely fear me and accept correction so that they would not be cut off from their homes by all that I have planned to do to them" # and do not be cut off from your homes -Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to be removed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that I will not remove you from your homes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"so that I will not remove you from your homes" # by corrupting all their deeds -"by doing deeds that were corrupt" - +"by doing deeds that were corrupt" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/08.md b/zep/03/08.md index 3ec9448a2d..c22f1b08cc 100644 --- a/zep/03/08.md +++ b/zep/03/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In verse 3:8, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations. +In this verse, Yahweh warns that he will judge all nations. # wait for me ... until the day @@ -8,25 +8,24 @@ This phrase implies that they are waiting for judgment. # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what I, Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. # I rise up to seize the prey -Yahweh's judgment on the nations is spoken of as if he was an hungry animal that attacked a smaller animal. Alternate translation: "I will rise up and destroy them as an animal seizes its prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will rise up and destroy them as an animal seizes its prey" # to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will judge all of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +These two phrases emphasize that Yahweh will judge all of the nations. # my anger—all of my burning wrath -The words "anger" and "burning wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh's anger. Alternate translation: "my very fierce wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"my very fierce wrath" # in the fire of my jealousy all the earth will be consumed -This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the fire of my jealousy will devour all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the fire of my jealousy will devour all the land" # in the fire of my jealousy ... consumed -Yahweh's jealousy is here spoken of as if it were fire that could consume something. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "my jealousy will consume all the earth as a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"my jealousy will consume all the earth as a fire" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/09.md b/zep/03/09.md index c31f9cae7f..85bb0527aa 100644 --- a/zep/03/09.md +++ b/zep/03/09.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ In verses 3:9-10, Yahweh says that he will renew the Gentiles after the judgment # I will purify the lips of the peoples -Here "lips" refers to the ability to speak. Alternate translation: "I will cause the peoples to speak what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the peoples to speak what is right" # call upon the name of Yahweh -This is an idiom that means they worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: "worship Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"worship Yahweh" # serve him shoulder to shoulder -Here "shoulder to shoulder" is an idiom that means "side by side." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"side by side" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/10.md b/zep/03/10.md index f6f755dfe4..c9b8856efe 100644 --- a/zep/03/10.md +++ b/zep/03/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # beyond the river of Cush -This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today. - +This may refer to the area where Sudan is located today. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/11.md b/zep/03/11.md index 75df9328ce..7899d73a5f 100644 --- a/zep/03/11.md +++ b/zep/03/11.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgm # In that day ... at that time -"When that happens ... at that time." These phrases here refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. +"When that happens ... at that time." These phrases refer to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. # will not be put to shame for all your deeds -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"will no longer be ashamed of all your deeds" # those who boasted in your pride -"all the people who celebrated the things you were proud of" - +"all the people who celebrated the things you were proud of" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/12.md b/zep/03/12.md index cadbddae8e..267fb650de 100644 --- a/zep/03/12.md +++ b/zep/03/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 3:11-13, Yahweh encourages the remnant of Israel who survive the judgment. - # they will find refuge in the name of Yahweh -Yahweh's protection of this remnant is spoke of as if he was a refuge or a fortress. Here "name of Yahweh" refers to his person. Alternate translation: "they will come to Yahweh and he will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"they will come to Yahweh and he will help them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/13.md b/zep/03/13.md index 7ee514d494..f952d5036a 100644 --- a/zep/03/13.md +++ b/zep/03/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The remnant of Israel -This refers to the "lowly and poor people" of [Zephaniah 3:12](../03/12.md). +"lowly and poor people" # commit injustice @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ This refers to the "lowly and poor people" of [Zephaniah 3:12](../03/12.md). # no deceitful tongue will be found in their mouth -Here "tongue ... in their mouth" represents the things that the tongue enables the mouth to speak. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "none of them will speak deceitful things" or "they will not say deceitful things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"none of them will speak deceitful things" or "they will not say deceitful things" # they will graze and lie down -Yahweh speaks of his provision for the people of Israel as if they are a flock of sheep that grazes and rests in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh speaks of his provision for the people of Israel as if they are a flock of sheep that grazes and rests in safety. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/14.md b/zep/03/14.md index cf06b70455..32403937b7 100644 --- a/zep/03/14.md +++ b/zep/03/14.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgme # daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -Here "daughter" refers to all the people who lived in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Here "daughter" refers to all the people who lived in the city. # Be glad and rejoice -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy they should be. Alternate translation: "Be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Be very happy" # with all your heart -Here "heart" refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: "with all your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"with all your inner being" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/15.md b/zep/03/15.md index be64ef4f02..01d91591d8 100644 --- a/zep/03/15.md +++ b/zep/03/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh has taken away your punishment -Here to "take away" punishment is an idiom that means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has stopped punishing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh has stopped punishing you" # You will never again fear evil -The abstract noun "evil" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"You will no longer be afraid that people will harm you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/16.md b/zep/03/16.md index 3da56aa7d3..6021b8a72a 100644 --- a/zep/03/16.md +++ b/zep/03/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # In that day -"At that time" or "When this happens." This phrase here refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. +"At that time" or "When this happens". This refers to the time of peace and restoration that immediately follows the day of Yahweh. # say to Jerusalem ... Zion -The names of these cities here refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "say to the people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"say to the people of Jerusalem ... people of Zion" # Do not let your hands become weak -Here the "hands" are a metonym for the whole person and being physically weak is a metaphor for being discouraged. Alternate translation: "Do not allow yourself become weak" or "Do not become discouraged and so stop working" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"Do not allow yourself to become weak" or "Do not become discouraged and so stop working" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/17.md b/zep/03/17.md index d75c905eb9..47a7bfa860 100644 --- a/zep/03/17.md +++ b/zep/03/17.md @@ -4,17 +4,16 @@ In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgme # a mighty one to save you -"he is mighty and will save you." Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. Alternate translation: "he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory". Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. # He will celebrate over you with joy ... he will be glad over you with a shout for joy -These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh's joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases emphasize Yahweh's joy that the remnant is restored to him. # he will be silent over you in his love -Possible meanings are 1) "he will quiet you by his love for you" or 2) "he will renew you because he loves you." +"he will quiet you by his love for you" or "he will renew you because he loves you." # a shout for joy -Some modern translations read, "a song of joy" or "joyful singing." - +"a song of joy" or "joyful singing" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/18.md b/zep/03/18.md index 37b97cb5d1..002fae83d7 100644 --- a/zep/03/18.md +++ b/zep/03/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # no longer bear any shame for it -Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. Alternate translation: "no longer be ashamed because of it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"no longer be ashamed because of it" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/19.md b/zep/03/19.md index a6a735a887..459bcaaa16 100644 --- a/zep/03/19.md +++ b/zep/03/19.md @@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived # Behold -This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Look" or "Pay attention" +"Look" or "Pay attention" # I am about to deal with all your oppressors -It is understood that "deal with" means to punish the oppressors. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "I will severely punish all those who oppressed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"I will severely punish all those who oppressed you" # I will rescue the lame and gather up the outcast -Here the Israelites who suffered in exile are spoken of as if they were lame and outcast sheep. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "I will rescue and bring together the remnant of Israel who are like lame and outcast sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I will rescue and bring together the remnant of Israel who are like lame and outcast sheep" # the lame @@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ This refers to people or animals that cannot walk. # I will make them as praise -The full thought here is, "I will make them to be objects of praise," that is, "I will make them to be praised by others." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I will make them to be objects of praise" or "I will make them to be praised by others" # I will change their shame into renown -The abstract nouns "shame" and "renown" can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: "I will cause them to no longer be ashamed, but for people to respect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will cause them to no longer be ashamed, but for people to respect them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/20.md b/zep/03/20.md index d6b678c2bc..8af1572828 100644 --- a/zep/03/20.md +++ b/zep/03/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # At that time I will lead you; at that time I will gather you together -These two lines mean basically the same thing and imply that Yahweh will bring the exiled people back to their homeland. Alternate translation: "At that time I will gather you together and lead you home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"At that time I will gather you together and lead you home". This implies that Yahweh will bring the exiled people back to their homeland. # reverse your captivity -This idiom means that Yahweh will give them back what they had before they went into captivity. See how you translated similar words in [Zephaniah 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "cause them to live well again" or "restore their fortunes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/idiom]]) - +"cause them to live well again" or "restore their fortunes". Yahweh will give them back what they had before they went into captivity. See Zephaniah 2:7. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/03/intro.md b/zep/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c341d42a23..0000000000 --- a/zep/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Zephaniah 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 3:1-20. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecy -In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zephaniah 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/zep/front/intro.md b/zep/front/intro.md index 9dc4ab614d..1abf2956e8 100644 --- a/zep/front/intro.md +++ b/zep/front/intro.md @@ -1,8 +1,6 @@ # Introduction to Zephaniah -## Part 1: General Introduction - -### Outline of the Book of Zephaniah +## Outline of the Book of Zephaniah 1. Zephaniah introduces this book (1:1) 1. Yahweh will punish Judah and the nations (1:2–18) @@ -15,25 +13,22 @@ 1. Yahweh will judge Jerusalem (3:1–8) 1. Yahweh will purify, restore, gather, and bless his people (3:9–20) -### What is the Book of Zephaniah about? +## What is the Book of Zephaniah about? -Zechariah warned Judah and other nations that Yahweh was about to punish them. He also prophesied about how Yahweh would restore Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) +Zechariah warned Judah and other nations that Yahweh was about to punish them. He also prophesied about how Yahweh would restore Judah. -### How should the title of this book be translated? +## How should the title of this book be translated? -The traditional name of this book is "The Book of Zephaniah" or just "Zephaniah." Translators may decide to call it "The Sayings of Zephaniah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The traditional name of this book is "The Book of Zephaniah" or just "Zephaniah." Translators may decide to call it "The Sayings of Zephaniah". -### Who wrote the Book of Zephaniah? +## Who wrote the Book of Zephaniah? Zephaniah wrote this book. But four different Old Testament people have the name Zephaniah. This Zephaniah was probably the great-grandson of King Hezekiah and a cousin to King Josiah. Zephaniah lived in the city of Jerusalem. He began to prophesy about seventy years after the prophets Isaiah and Micah. Zephaniah spoke Yahweh's messages during the reign of King Josiah (about 640–621 B.C.), and just before Jeremiah began to prophesy. -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts +## Were the people of Judah faithful to Yahweh at the time Zephaniah started to prophesy? -### Were the people of Judah faithful to Yahweh at the time Zephaniah started to prophesy? +Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah. He led the people to worship other gods. After his death, his son Amon ruled for only two years before he was killed. Amon's son Josiah became king when he was eight years old. Josiah learned to worship and honor Yahweh. Zephaniah likely began his work after Josiah had destroyed most of the idols and shrines of false gods in Judah. -Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah. He led the people to worship other gods. After his death, his son Amon ruled for only two years before he was killed. Amon's son Josiah became king when he was eight years old. Josiah learned to worship and honor Yahweh. Zephaniah likely began his work after Josiah had destroyed most of the idols and shrines of false gods in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) - -### What country is coming to invade Judah? - -Zephaniah often said a foreign nation would invade the kingdom of Judah. Zephaniah probably meant Babylonia. However, the Book of Zephaniah never names this nation. +## What country is coming to invade Judah? +Zephaniah often said a foreign nation would invade the kingdom of Judah. Zephaniah probably meant Babylonia. However, the Book of Zephaniah never names this nation. \ No newline at end of file