diff --git a/dan/05/01.md b/dan/05/01.md index ae25c34c88..5e2cca3f39 100644 --- a/dan/05/01.md +++ b/dan/05/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) -# for a thousand - -"for 1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # he drank wine in front of "he drank wine in the presence of" diff --git a/dan/05/02.md b/dan/05/02.md index cd44c1a74d..af3a048d6b 100644 --- a/dan/05/02.md +++ b/dan/05/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the containers made of gold or silver -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made" # containers @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and # Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken -Here "Nebuchadnezzar" refers to Nebuchadnezzar's army. Alternate translation: "his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"his father Nebuchadnezzar's army" or "the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken" diff --git a/dan/05/03.md b/dan/05/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 039a8a77a9..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# out of the temple, the house of God - -"out of God's temple." The phrase "the house of God" tells us something more about the temple. - diff --git a/dan/05/04.md b/dan/05/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/07.md b/dan/05/07.md index 50558341c9..19afcf8957 100644 --- a/dan/05/07.md +++ b/dan/05/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ # educated men -Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md). +Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. # wise men -This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:12](../02/12.md). - -# Whoever reads this writing and makes known its interpretation to me will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever reads this writing and makes known its interpretation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +This phrase translates a word for a group of men whom people thought were wise. # makes known its interpretation to me -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "tells me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"tells me what it means" # clothed with purple -Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"dressed in royal clothing" # the third highest ruler -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"the number three ruler" diff --git a/dan/05/08.md b/dan/05/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbe1e18f3b..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# make known its interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated similar words in [Daniel 5:7](../05/07.md). Alternate translation: "tell what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/09.md b/dan/05/09.md index aebd42b7c0..c4454ff783 100644 --- a/dan/05/09.md +++ b/dan/05/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # the look on his face changed -"his face became even more pale." The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](../05/06.md). +"his face became even more pale." # perplexed diff --git a/dan/05/11.md b/dan/05/11.md index 254a8f29eb..06fabfa501 100644 --- a/dan/05/11.md +++ b/dan/05/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ # the spirit of the holy gods -The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). - -# In the days of your father - -"When your father was ruling" +The queen believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. # light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods" # King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king -"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" - -# educated men - -Or "Chaldeans." This phrase translates a word that refers to a group of men whom people thought had special knowledge. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 2:2](../02/02.md). - +"Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/12.md b/dan/05/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0de07cc9a0..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/13.md b/dan/05/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 573a1140d8..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# Then Daniel was brought before the king - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then they brought Daniel before the king" or "Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# whom my father the king brought out of Judah - -In this phrase "father" is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: "whom my father's soldiers brought out of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/dan/05/14.md b/dan/05/14.md index 507758f7d0..a39124c9ac 100644 --- a/dan/05/14.md +++ b/dan/05/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # the spirit of the gods -Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md). - -# light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +Belshazzar believed that Daniel's power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. diff --git a/dan/05/15.md b/dan/05/15.md index 5108b61eeb..97109f7deb 100644 --- a/dan/05/15.md +++ b/dan/05/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Now the wise men ... have been brought in before me - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Now the wise men ... have come in before me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # they could not make known to me the interpretation of the message -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "they could not interpret the message for me" or "they could not tell me what the message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"they could not interpret the message for me" or "they could not tell me what the message means" diff --git a/dan/05/16.md b/dan/05/16.md index 1337d2923c..5d1ab86d77 100644 --- a/dan/05/16.md +++ b/dan/05/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,4 @@ -# give interpretations ... make known to me its interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "interpret things ... interpret it for me" or "tell what things mean ... tell me what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# clothed with purple - -Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: "dressed in royal clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# the third highest ruler - -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain" diff --git a/dan/05/17.md b/dan/05/17.md index 1272187a72..948921f552 100644 --- a/dan/05/17.md +++ b/dan/05/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Let your gifts be for yourself, and -"I do not want your gifts, so" - -# will tell you the interpretation - -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "interpret it for you" or "tell you what it means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I do not want your gifts, so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/18.md b/dan/05/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/19.md b/dan/05/19.md index 9207292c7b..7f57fabe39 100644 --- a/dan/05/19.md +++ b/dan/05/19.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# all peoples, nations, and languages - -This phrase uses the word "all" as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: "a great number of people, of different nations and languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people from different nations and who speak different languages" # trembled and feared him -These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: "were very afraid of him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"were very afraid of him" # He killed those he wanted to die -King Nebuchadnezzar commanded others to do the killing. He did not do it himself. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die" # He raised up those he wanted diff --git a/dan/05/20.md b/dan/05/20.md index 03567d0ed0..67d139ea50 100644 --- a/dan/05/20.md +++ b/dan/05/20.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # his heart was arrogant -Here "heart" refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: "the king was arrogant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the king was arrogant" # his spirit was hardened -Here "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: "the king became stubborn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the king became stubborn" # presumptuously @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ rudely and overly confident # he was brought down from his royal throne -Here the phrase "royal throne" refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people took away his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the people took away his kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/21.md b/dan/05/21.md index aa9ad024f8..be4075ad36 100644 --- a/dan/05/21.md +++ b/dan/05/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # He was driven away from humanity -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people chased him away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people chased him away from them" # he had the mind of an animal -Here "mind" represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: "he thought as an animal thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"he thought as an animal thinks" # dew diff --git a/dan/05/22.md b/dan/05/22.md index 0836d1ac35..8021109198 100644 --- a/dan/05/22.md +++ b/dan/05/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # have not humbled your heart -Here "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: "have not humbled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"have not humbled yourself" diff --git a/dan/05/23.md b/dan/05/23.md index 07caec76e2..e16cbd2466 100644 --- a/dan/05/23.md +++ b/dan/05/23.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # You have lifted yourself up against the Lord -To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: "You have rebelled against the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have rebelled against the Lord" # From his house -What and where "his house" is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "From his temple in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"From his temple in Jerusalem" # God who holds your breath in his hand -Here "breath" refers to life and "hand" refers to power or control. Alternate translation: "God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"God who gives you breath" or "God who has control over your entire life" # all your ways diff --git a/dan/05/24.md b/dan/05/24.md index 469a499c6c..8f5af0fd40 100644 --- a/dan/05/24.md +++ b/dan/05/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # this inscription was written -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it wrote this message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it wrote this message" diff --git a/dan/05/25.md b/dan/05/25.md index a729036dbd..34b34cf344 100644 --- a/dan/05/25.md +++ b/dan/05/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # This is the writing that was done -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This is the message that the hand wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"This is the message that the hand wrote" # Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin -These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-transliterate]]) +These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. diff --git a/dan/05/26.md b/dan/05/26.md index 3da42eddb4..a804ae3156 100644 --- a/dan/05/26.md +++ b/dan/05/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the interpretation of the message -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what the message means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"what the message means" # 'Mene,' 'God has numbered diff --git a/dan/05/27.md b/dan/05/27.md index 743fd8081b..72606cb6a4 100644 --- a/dan/05/27.md +++ b/dan/05/27.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking -Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy" diff --git a/dan/05/28.md b/dan/05/28.md index e351d379bf..cb5d249c93 100644 --- a/dan/05/28.md +++ b/dan/05/28.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This is the singular form of "Pharsin" in 5:25. # your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians" diff --git a/dan/05/29.md b/dan/05/29.md index 0bc12f881d..8f744b84ce 100644 --- a/dan/05/29.md +++ b/dan/05/29.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Belshazzar - -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # A chain of gold was put around his neck -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They put a chain of gold around his neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"They put a chain of gold around his neck" # the third highest ruler -"the number three ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"the number three ruler" diff --git a/dan/05/30.md b/dan/05/30.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/30.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/05/31.md b/dan/05/31.md index c8fc82b07b..9110c13790 100644 --- a/dan/05/31.md +++ b/dan/05/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # received the kingdom -"became the ruler of the kingdom" - -# when he was about sixty-two years old - -"when he was about 62 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"became the ruler of the kingdom" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/05/intro.md b/dan/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f38c91cc9..0000000000 --- a/dan/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 5 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### The writing on the wall - -God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him. - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter -#### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin -These are words in Aramaic. Daniel "transliterates" these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULB and UDB they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/06/01.md b/dan/06/01.md index 8096cce61d..2a19086920 100644 --- a/dan/06/01.md +++ b/dan/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon. - # It seemed good to Darius "It was pleasing to Darius" or "Darius was pleased" - -# 120 provincial governors - -"one hundred and twenty provincial governors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - diff --git a/dan/06/02.md b/dan/06/02.md index 3a04b0c86f..74af86bd62 100644 --- a/dan/06/02.md +++ b/dan/06/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Over them -The word "them" refers to the 120 provincial governors. +The word "them" refers to the provincial governors. # so that the king should suffer no loss diff --git a/dan/06/03.md b/dan/06/03.md index f87f08e5a1..a180a399eb 100644 --- a/dan/06/03.md +++ b/dan/06/03.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ "excelled above" or "was more capable than" -# he had an extraordinary spirit - -Here "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: "he was and exceptional person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - # extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others diff --git a/dan/06/04.md b/dan/06/04.md index f955728709..a96324f2d3 100644 --- a/dan/06/04.md +++ b/dan/06/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors ... for the kingdom -The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom" # No mistakes or negligence was found in him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# negligence - -overly looking your responsibilities +"They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work" diff --git a/dan/06/05.md b/dan/06/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 24df7f177f..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# to complain against this Daniel - -"to complain about Daniel" - diff --git a/dan/06/07.md b/dan/06/07.md index 7cab286769..773d65b5d2 100644 --- a/dan/06/07.md +++ b/dan/06/07.md @@ -2,23 +2,11 @@ A "prohibition" always only tells people what they cannot do, but a "decree" can permit people to do things. -# enforce a prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." Alternate translation: "use force to prohibit people from doing what they have been doing" or "force people to stop doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# for thirty days - -"for 30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # whoever makes a petition "whoever makes a request" # that person must be thrown into the den of lions -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# den of lions - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. +"your soldiers must throw that person into the pit where lions were kept" diff --git a/dan/06/08.md b/dan/06/08.md index 5ccb8fbc57..32957d8970 100644 --- a/dan/06/08.md +++ b/dan/06/08.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king. - -# issue the prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "tell the people that you are prohibiting them from doing what they have been doing" or "tell people to stop doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # as directed by the law "according to the law" diff --git a/dan/06/09.md b/dan/06/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1402abc55c..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the prohibition - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "telling the people that he was prohibiting them from doing what they had been doing" or "telling people to stop doing what they had been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - diff --git a/dan/06/10.md b/dan/06/10.md index b5c75198a4..0f12acaf12 100644 --- a/dan/06/10.md +++ b/dan/06/10.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law # now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem -This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This is background information that explains how Daniel's enemies knew he was praying to God. # gave thanks before his God diff --git a/dan/06/12.md b/dan/06/12.md index 96f3bf7f19..6459e60ad5 100644 --- a/dan/06/12.md +++ b/dan/06/12.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -# Did you not make a prohibition ... lions? - -They asked this rhetorical question to make the king confirm that he had made the prohibition. Alternate translation: "You know and we know that you made a prohibition ... lions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - # about his prohibition: "Did you not make a prohibition -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "because he had prohibited the people from doing what they had been doing: 'Did you not prohibit the people and say'" or "because he had told the people they could no longer do what they had been doing: 'Did you not tell the people to stop doing what they were doing and say'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"because he had prohibited the people from doing what they had been doing: 'Did you not prohibit the people and say'" or "because he had told the people they could no longer do what they had been doing: 'Did you not tell the people to stop doing what they were doing and say'" # who makes a petition "who makes a request" -# den of lions - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # as directed by the law "according to the law" diff --git a/dan/06/13.md b/dan/06/13.md index 5b781287fc..fa3ff0532e 100644 --- a/dan/06/13.md +++ b/dan/06/13.md @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used thi # pays no attention to you -This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: "does not obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# the prohibition that you have signed - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "the decree you signed to prohibit people from doing what they had been doing" or "the decree you signed to tell people to stop doing what they had been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"does not obey you" diff --git a/dan/06/14.md b/dan/06/14.md index b5fffee101..f7d673395b 100644 --- a/dan/06/14.md +++ b/dan/06/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # he applied his mind -Here "mind" refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: "he thought very hard about how" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"he thought very hard about how" # He labored diff --git a/dan/06/15.md b/dan/06/15.md index 1bd43535c1..5cd1b270fa 100644 --- a/dan/06/15.md +++ b/dan/06/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# that no prohibition or statute that the king issues can be changed - -The abstract noun "prohibition" can be translated as the verb "prohibit." See how you translated "prohibition" in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: "that the king cannot change any statute or any law that he has issued to prohibit people from doing what they have been doing" or "that the king cannot change any statute or any law that he has issued to stop people from doing what they have been doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # no prohibition ... can be changed -The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: "no prohibition ... can be changed. Someone must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"no prohibition ... can be changed. Someone must throw Daniel into the pit of lions" diff --git a/dan/06/16.md b/dan/06/16.md index dafc1ff8e8..199d7a3fa9 100644 --- a/dan/06/16.md +++ b/dan/06/16.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ "his soldiers went and got Daniel" -# lions' den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # May your God ... rescue you The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel. diff --git a/dan/06/17.md b/dan/06/17.md index ea6b232f7c..67a4702056 100644 --- a/dan/06/17.md +++ b/dan/06/17.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ... concerning Daniel -The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: "the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel" # nothing might be changed concerning Daniel diff --git a/dan/06/18.md b/dan/06/18.md index 6e7ef4c475..f43f94a533 100644 --- a/dan/06/18.md +++ b/dan/06/18.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # he went through the night fasting -This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. # No entertainment was brought before him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He did not have anyone entertain him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He did not have anyone entertain him" # sleep fled from him -Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: "he did not sleep at all that night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"he did not sleep at all that night" diff --git a/dan/06/19.md b/dan/06/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 25380dcfca..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# lions' den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - diff --git a/dan/06/20.md b/dan/06/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/06/21.md b/dan/06/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/06/22.md b/dan/06/22.md index 5b82e9bb33..ece322af2e 100644 --- a/dan/06/22.md +++ b/dan/06/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For I was found blameless -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He knows that I have done nothing wrong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He knows that I have done nothing wrong" # I have done you no harm diff --git a/dan/06/23.md b/dan/06/23.md index 80a483c269..65c11b9de1 100644 --- a/dan/06/23.md +++ b/dan/06/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# den - -This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md). - # No harm was found on him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They did not find any wounds on Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"They did not find any wounds on Daniel" diff --git a/dan/06/25.md b/dan/06/25.md index d890cc67f3..21798f79e9 100644 --- a/dan/06/25.md +++ b/dan/06/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who spoke different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people from different nations and who spoke different languages" # in all the earth -King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says "all the earth" as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: "in his kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"in his kingdom" # May peace increase for you diff --git a/dan/06/26.md b/dan/06/26.md index e3a7d6222b..4c4906f376 100644 --- a/dan/06/26.md +++ b/dan/06/26.md @@ -1,26 +1,18 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom. - # tremble and fear -These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: "shake with fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"shake with fear" # the God of Daniel "the God that Daniel worships" -# he is the living God and lives forever - -The two phrases "the living God" and "lives forever" express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # his kingdom will ... his dominion will -These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God's kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God's kingdom will never end. # his kingdom will not be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"no one will destroy his kingdom" or "his kingdom will last forever" # his dominion will last to the end diff --git a/dan/06/intro.md b/dan/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index dec5e52e67..0000000000 --- a/dan/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the letter in 6:25-27. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27. - -### Special concepts in this chapter -#### Daniel and the lions - -Daniel was thrown into the lions' den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/07/01.md b/dan/07/01.md index a084acd38e..93c3b9e68f 100644 --- a/dan/07/01.md +++ b/dan/07/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # General Information: -Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. # Belshazzar -This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). +This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar's son, who became king after him. # a dream and visions -The words "dream" and "visions" both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: "visions while he was dreaming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"visions while he was dreaming" diff --git a/dan/07/03.md b/dan/07/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/07/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/07/04.md b/dan/07/04.md index b64e0dbb1a..70a1716b3a 100644 --- a/dan/07/04.md +++ b/dan/07/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # The first was like a lion but had eagle's wings -This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. # The mind of a man was given to it -Here "mind" refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being" diff --git a/dan/07/05.md b/dan/07/05.md index 68daa714f3..4a21c478fd 100644 --- a/dan/07/05.md +++ b/dan/07/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a second animal, like a bear -This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. # ribs @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine # It was told -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone told it" diff --git a/dan/07/06.md b/dan/07/06.md index d7a1dfd67e..51ec7de9fb 100644 --- a/dan/07/06.md +++ b/dan/07/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # another animal, one that looked like a leopard -This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. # four wings ... four heads -The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# it had four heads - -"the animal had four heads" +The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. # It was given authority to rule -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone gave it authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Someone gave it authority to rule" diff --git a/dan/07/07.md b/dan/07/07.md index 89c2d39415..83d07aec99 100644 --- a/dan/07/07.md +++ b/dan/07/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a fourth animal ... it had ten horns -This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. # trampled underfoot diff --git a/dan/07/08.md b/dan/07/08.md index 32345a0dd1..c79d4d6a4a 100644 --- a/dan/07/08.md +++ b/dan/07/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). - # the horns -Translators may write a footnote like this: "Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders." # Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The little horn tore out three of the first horns" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The little horn tore out three of the first horns" # a mouth that was boasting about great things -Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things" diff --git a/dan/07/09.md b/dan/07/09.md index bb7c533e15..f2a4c9c64e 100644 --- a/dan/07/09.md +++ b/dan/07/09.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # thrones were set in place -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone set thrones in their places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"someone set thrones in their places" # the Ancient of Days -This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: "the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" +"the One Who Has Lived Forever" or "the One Who Has Always Lived" # took his seat ... His clothing ... the hair of his head @@ -16,24 +12,20 @@ This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person # took his seat -This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: "sat down on his throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"sat down on his throne" # His clothing was as white as snow -His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: "His clothing was very white" +"His clothing was very white" # the hair of his head was like pure wool -Something about God's hair looked like pure wool. Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are that 1) it was very white or 2) it was thick and curly. # pure wool "clean wool" or "wool that is washed" -# His throne was flames ... its wheels were burning fire - -This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words "flames" and "burning fire" mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way. - # its wheels It is unclear why God's throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for "wheels" if possible. diff --git a/dan/07/10.md b/dan/07/10.md index 0bf11203a1..46bfd3af5e 100644 --- a/dan/07/10.md +++ b/dan/07/10.md @@ -1,28 +1,24 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # A river of fire flowed out from before him -The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: "Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river" # before him -The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md). +The word "him" refers to God, the Ancient of Days from # millions -This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: "thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" +"thousands of thousands" or "great numbers of people" # one hundred million -This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: "tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" +"tens of thousands times tens of thousands" or "uncountable numbers of people" # The court was in session -This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: "The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" +"The judge was ready to judge" or "The judge was seated" # the books were opened -These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: "the books of evidence were opened" +"the books of evidence were opened" diff --git a/dan/07/11.md b/dan/07/11.md index a733bc25d4..78b334c270 100644 --- a/dan/07/11.md +++ b/dan/07/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). - # the animal was killed ... to be burned up -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the animal was killed - -The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: "they executed the animal" or "the judge commanded and they killed the animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up" # the animal -This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: "the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" +"the most frightening animal" or "the animal that had the boastful horn" diff --git a/dan/07/12.md b/dan/07/12.md index 9cb66f19b8..368ca4af15 100644 --- a/dan/07/12.md +++ b/dan/07/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# the rest of the four animals - -It may be clearer to say, "the other three animals." - # their authority to rule was taken away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the judge took away their authority to rule" or "their authority to rule ended" # their lives were prolonged for a period of time -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they continued to live for a period of time" or "the judge let them live a little longer" diff --git a/dan/07/13.md b/dan/07/13.md index b5167aa815..6749d0ae3b 100644 --- a/dan/07/13.md +++ b/dan/07/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # I saw one coming ... like a son of man -The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. "I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure" # with the clouds of heaven "with the clouds of the sky" -# the Ancient of Days - -This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md) - # was presented before him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days" or "he stood before him" diff --git a/dan/07/14.md b/dan/07/14.md index 11cf1498ba..08e78ff778 100644 --- a/dan/07/14.md +++ b/dan/07/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power" # royal power @@ -8,13 +8,9 @@ This, here, refers to "authority." # peoples, nations, and languages -Here "nations" and "languages" represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: "people from different nations and who speak different languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# will not pass away ... will never be destroyed - -These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"people from different nations and who speak different languages" # that will never be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that no one will ever destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that no one will ever destroy" diff --git a/dan/07/15.md b/dan/07/15.md index 744e0c08ae..1bbba64ec2 100644 --- a/dan/07/15.md +++ b/dan/07/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# my spirit was grieved inside of me ... the visions I saw in my mind troubled me - -These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # my spirit was grieved inside of me -Here "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: "I was very sad inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I was very sad inside" diff --git a/dan/07/16.md b/dan/07/16.md index a505db701f..3d17dde8c9 100644 --- a/dan/07/16.md +++ b/dan/07/16.md @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God's throne. Possib # the interpretation of these things -The abstract noun "interpretation" can be translated as a verb. See how you translated it in [Daniel 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "what these things mean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# these things - -"the things I had seen" - +"what was the meaning of the things I had seen" diff --git a/dan/07/17.md b/dan/07/17.md index 9319b320cb..3fd97445ea 100644 --- a/dan/07/17.md +++ b/dan/07/17.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ # four kings that will arise from the earth -Here "from the earth" means they are real people. Alternate translation: "four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"four kings who will come to power on the earth" or "four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings" diff --git a/dan/07/18.md b/dan/07/18.md index 80240607d9..a5c456a0ff 100644 --- a/dan/07/18.md +++ b/dan/07/18.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # forever and ever -This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. diff --git a/dan/07/21.md b/dan/07/21.md index 42daa11d16..515244b6c2 100644 --- a/dan/07/21.md +++ b/dan/07/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this horn -"this fourth horn." This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md). - +"this fourth horn." diff --git a/dan/07/22.md b/dan/07/22.md index 2f3501ff10..09c3156a5b 100644 --- a/dan/07/22.md +++ b/dan/07/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Ancient of Days - -This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md). - +"until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice" diff --git a/dan/07/23.md b/dan/07/23.md index 3829b6ab1f..118294fe5f 100644 --- a/dan/07/23.md +++ b/dan/07/23.md @@ -1,20 +1,9 @@ -# General Information: - -Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +writing-symlanguage]]) # This is what that person said -This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md). - -# that person said - -"that person answered" - -# As for the fourth animal - -"Concerning the fourth animal" or "Now, about the fourth animal" +This is the person that Daniel approached in Daniel 7:16. # It will devour ... it into pieces -This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The fourth kingdom will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. diff --git a/dan/07/24.md b/dan/07/24.md index 08250cce93..8a26d574a4 100644 --- a/dan/07/24.md +++ b/dan/07/24.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ # out of this kingdom ten kings will arise -They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another" # another will arise after them -This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the eleventh king." Alternate translation: "after that an eleventh king will become powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"after that an eleventh king will become powerful" # He will be different from the previous ones @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the # he will subdue the three kings -He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: "he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out" diff --git a/dan/07/25.md b/dan/07/25.md index 12ee4948e9..63fdcf086d 100644 --- a/dan/07/25.md +++ b/dan/07/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # He will speak words against the Most High -This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. # He will try ... into his hand @@ -20,9 +16,9 @@ Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of th # These things will be given into his hand -Here "his hand" refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws" # one year, two years, and half a year -This means "three and half years." This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: "one year plus two years plus six months" +"one year plus two years plus six months" diff --git a/dan/07/26.md b/dan/07/26.md index 289fa7d65f..b4cbd0f512 100644 --- a/dan/07/26.md +++ b/dan/07/26.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # the court will be in session -This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: "the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" +"the judge will judge" or "The judge will sit down" # they will take his royal power away -"the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king" - -# royal power - -This, here, refers to "authority." See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md). +"the members of the court will take the authority away from the newest king" # to be consumed and destroyed at the end -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and consume and destroy it in the end" or "and completely destroy his royal power in the end" diff --git a/dan/07/27.md b/dan/07/27.md index 0b9847d710..7e35a7cdcb 100644 --- a/dan/07/27.md +++ b/dan/07/27.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# The kingdom and the dominion - -These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"God will give the kingdom and the dominion ... to the people" # the greatness of the kingdoms -The abstract noun "greatness" can be translated with the adjective "great." Alternate translation: "everything that is great about the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"everything that is great about the kingdoms" # of the kingdoms under the whole heaven -The idiom "under the whole heaven" refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: "of all the kingdoms on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"of all the kingdoms on earth" # His kingdom diff --git a/dan/07/28.md b/dan/07/28.md index f2e438e633..b4576462f5 100644 --- a/dan/07/28.md +++ b/dan/07/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Here is the end of the matter -This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: "That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" +"That is what I saw in my vision" or "This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision" # my face changed in appearance diff --git a/dan/07/intro.md b/dan/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3f3a7426a..0000000000 --- a/dan/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27. - -### Special concepts in this chapter -#### The four beasts - -There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) - -#### The Son of Man - -God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 7:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/08/01.md b/dan/08/01.md index 617ab4c51d..76e633a57a 100644 --- a/dan/08/01.md +++ b/dan/08/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel's vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # In the third year -"In year three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"In year three" # Belshazzar -This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). +This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. # had a vision appear to me (after the one ... first) -This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel's second vision. Alternate translation: "had a second vision appear to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +"had a second vision appear to me" diff --git a/dan/08/02.md b/dan/08/02.md index aa3a21d3d8..b84198f9e8 100644 --- a/dan/08/02.md +++ b/dan/08/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ a walled city that was guarded and protected # Susa ... Elam ... Ulai Canal -These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +These are names of places. # Canal diff --git a/dan/08/03.md b/dan/08/03.md index 775b4d73f4..bdfb236dc9 100644 --- a/dan/08/03.md +++ b/dan/08/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# a ram with two horns - -It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # but the longer ... passed up in length by it -"but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" +"but the longer horn grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it" diff --git a/dan/08/04.md b/dan/08/04.md index c49efe045d..dfa559b7d6 100644 --- a/dan/08/04.md +++ b/dan/08/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # to rescue anyone out of his hand -Rams do not have hands. Here "hand" refers to the ram's power. Alternate translation: "to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to rescue anyone from him" or "to rescue anyone from his power" diff --git a/dan/08/05.md b/dan/08/05.md index eac9a78565..33fb2b93f4 100644 --- a/dan/08/05.md +++ b/dan/08/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # across the surface of the whole earth -The phrase "the whole earth" is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: "from far away across the surface of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"from far away across the surface of the land" # The goat had a large horn between his eyes -Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: "The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head" diff --git a/dan/08/08.md b/dan/08/08.md index 1776947cfc..8e8c4cf13a 100644 --- a/dan/08/08.md +++ b/dan/08/08.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # the large horn was broken -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "something broke off the large horn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"something broke off the large horn" # toward the four winds of the heavens -Here "the four winds of heaven" is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: "in four different directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"in four different directions" diff --git a/dan/08/09.md b/dan/08/09.md index 49d5c5c40f..0bcbcebd9d 100644 --- a/dan/08/09.md +++ b/dan/08/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # but which grew exceedingly large toward -"but which became very large" or "but which pointed itself toward." This is probably a metonym for the goat, which is a metaphor for a king or nation, ruling powerfully over the lands to the south and east and over the Beautiful Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The goat is a king or nation, ruling powerfully over the lands to the south and east and over the Beautiful Land. diff --git a/dan/08/10.md b/dan/08/10.md index be67aa8ef4..2aeab332c4 100644 --- a/dan/08/10.md +++ b/dan/08/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # It became so large as to engage in war -Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. # Some of that army ... thrown down to the earth -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# it trampled on them - -Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth" diff --git a/dan/08/11.md b/dan/08/11.md index 6622507fbc..9cd44d2eb6 100644 --- a/dan/08/11.md +++ b/dan/08/11.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# Connecting Statement: - -Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn ([Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md)). - # the commander of the army -This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. # It took away from him the regular burnt offering -Here "took away" means the horn stopped the offering. Here "him" refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: "It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" +"It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him" # the place of his sanctuary was polluted -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it defiled his sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it defiled his sanctuary" diff --git a/dan/08/12.md b/dan/08/12.md index 5f32d355b4..214af1e69a 100644 --- a/dan/08/12.md +++ b/dan/08/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The horn will throw truth down to the ground -The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: "The horn will reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"The horn will reject the truth" diff --git a/dan/08/13.md b/dan/08/13.md index 30fd7fccb3..305e427c84 100644 --- a/dan/08/13.md +++ b/dan/08/13.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ # heaven's army being trampled on -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the horn trampling on heaven's army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the horn trampling on heaven's army" diff --git a/dan/08/14.md b/dan/08/14.md index 7e1c1a32d5..4bad993d37 100644 --- a/dan/08/14.md +++ b/dan/08/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # 2,300 evenings and mornings -"Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings." Here "evenings and mornings" is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: "2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"2,300 sunsets and sunrises" or "2,300 days" # the sanctuary will be restored diff --git a/dan/08/15.md b/dan/08/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/08/16.md b/dan/08/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8468ebe594..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal - -Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# Ulai Canal - -A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md). - diff --git a/dan/08/17.md b/dan/08/17.md index 8e12882fc5..730ee59447 100644 --- a/dan/08/17.md +++ b/dan/08/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # fell on my face -This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. # the time of the end diff --git a/dan/08/19.md b/dan/08/19.md index f93dc4cd07..cc5681f147 100644 --- a/dan/08/19.md +++ b/dan/08/19.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the time of wrath -This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the time when God judges in anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the time when God judges in anger" # the appointed time for the end diff --git a/dan/08/20.md b/dan/08/20.md index aaeddab3ea..de2c80f4a1 100644 --- a/dan/08/20.md +++ b/dan/08/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # two horns—they are "two horns—they represent" # the kings of Media and Persia -These words could either 1) refer to the literal kings of Media and Persia or 2) be a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: "the kingdoms of Media and Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the kingdoms of Media and Persia" diff --git a/dan/08/21.md b/dan/08/21.md index 257ee4bf5f..f919446074 100644 --- a/dan/08/21.md +++ b/dan/08/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the king of Greece -These words could be 1) a literal reference to the king of Greece or 2) a metonym for the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: "the kingdom of Greece" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the kingdom of Greece" # The large horn between his eyes is diff --git a/dan/08/22.md b/dan/08/22.md index 6d40e3df8a..2892333835 100644 --- a/dan/08/22.md +++ b/dan/08/22.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# As for the horn that was broken ... four others arose - -"Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose" - # four kingdoms will arise from his nation -The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided" # but not with his great power diff --git a/dan/08/24.md b/dan/08/24.md index b777710975..46ce6c768e 100644 --- a/dan/08/24.md +++ b/dan/08/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) - # but not by his own power "but someone else will give him his power" diff --git a/dan/08/25.md b/dan/08/25.md index 04c7fb6825..f52a26f368 100644 --- a/dan/08/25.md +++ b/dan/08/25.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # he will make deceit prosper -Here "deceit" is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: "the amount of deception will increase" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the amount of deception will increase" # under his hand -Here "hand" refers to his rule. Alternate translation: "under his rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"under his rule" # the Prince of princes @@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ Here "hand" refers to his rule. Alternate translation: "under his rule" (See: [[ # he will be broken -Here "he" refers to his power. Alternate translation: "his rule will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"his rule will end" # not by any human hand -Here "hand" refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "not by any human power" or "by divine power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"not by any human power" or "by divine power" + diff --git a/dan/08/26.md b/dan/08/26.md index 2a4cc0a068..54908dc27c 100644 --- a/dan/08/26.md +++ b/dan/08/26.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw. - # seal up the vision -The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: "close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"close and seal up what you have written about the vision" or "do not tell anyone about the vision now" diff --git a/dan/08/intro.md b/dan/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e7f5fd249..0000000000 --- a/dan/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 8 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### The vision of the ram and the male goat - -Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/09/01.md b/dan/09/01.md index b1f7c4d940..679384d484 100644 --- a/dan/09/01.md +++ b/dan/09/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6. - -# Ahasuerus ... who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans - -This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UDB places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) - # who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who became king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans" or "who conquered the Chaldeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"who became king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans" or "who conquered the Chaldeans" # over the kingdom diff --git a/dan/09/02.md b/dan/09/02.md index 05b6f17fe0..b8f66535d2 100644 --- a/dan/09/02.md +++ b/dan/09/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # there would be seventy years until Jerusalem's desolations would end -"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years" diff --git a/dan/09/03.md b/dan/09/03.md index 5ed591453f..8ad5c1d9d4 100644 --- a/dan/09/03.md +++ b/dan/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I turned my face to the Lord God -Here "face" represents Daniel's attention. Alternate translation: "I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I focused my attention on the Lord God" or "I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God" # to seek him -Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. # fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes -These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. diff --git a/dan/09/05.md b/dan/09/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 60cd351eb5..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - -# We have sinned and have done what is wrong - -These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled - -These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# your commands and decrees - -The words "commands" and "decrees" share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - diff --git a/dan/09/06.md b/dan/09/06.md index 54573ceb68..2326c894c2 100644 --- a/dan/09/06.md +++ b/dan/09/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # We have not listened to your servants -Here "not listened" means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: "We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"We have not obeyed the message of your prophets" # spoke in your name -Here "name" refers to God's authority. Alternate translation: "spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"spoke with your authority" or "spoke as your representative" # the people of the land -Here "land" refers to Israel. Alternate translation: "the Israelite people" +"the Israelite people" diff --git a/dan/09/07.md b/dan/09/07.md index d0f3bb68e2..d933c33808 100644 --- a/dan/09/07.md +++ b/dan/09/07.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - # To you, Lord, belongs righteousness -Being righteous is spoken of as if "righteousness" were an object that belongs to Yahweh. The abstract noun "righteousness" can be stated as "righteous." Alternate translation: "Lord, you are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Lord, you are righteous" # To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people -Being ashamed is spoken of as if "shame" were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun "shame" can be stated as "ashamed." Alternate translation: "But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people" # To us today -The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "us" includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. # belongs shame on our faces -This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Their shame is visible to all. # because of the faithless deeds that we committed against you diff --git a/dan/09/08.md b/dan/09/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/09/09.md b/dan/09/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35255cb569..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - -# To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness - -Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: "The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/dan/09/10.md b/dan/09/10.md index c61dfbb8f1..07fd519d0f 100644 --- a/dan/09/10.md +++ b/dan/09/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God -Here "voice" refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: "We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do" diff --git a/dan/09/11.md b/dan/09/11.md index bb2a48f5ea..16a24d9b9b 100644 --- a/dan/09/11.md +++ b/dan/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # turned aside -The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +The words "turned aside" mean that Israel stopped obeying God's laws. # that are written in the law of Moses -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that Moses wrote about in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that Moses wrote about in the law" # have been poured out on us -The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have brought upon us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"you have brought upon us" diff --git a/dan/09/12.md b/dan/09/12.md index 7c2a783c7f..fe7230e243 100644 --- a/dan/09/12.md +++ b/dan/09/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel. - # For under the whole of heaven -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "For in the whole world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"For in the whole world" # there has not been done anything -"nothing has been done." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "nothing has happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"nothing has happened" # what has been done to Jerusalem -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "what you have done to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"what you have done to Jerusalem" diff --git a/dan/09/13.md b/dan/09/13.md index 188020c366..8c4d663c73 100644 --- a/dan/09/13.md +++ b/dan/09/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # As it is written in the law of Moses -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "As Moses wrote in the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"As Moses wrote in the law" # turning away from our iniquities -Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: "stopping our evil actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"stopping our evil actions" diff --git a/dan/09/14.md b/dan/09/14.md index 2ed0aae4b0..13a7dd6cb7 100644 --- a/dan/09/14.md +++ b/dan/09/14.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # we have not obeyed his voice -Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: "we have not done what he told us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"we have not done what he told us to do" diff --git a/dan/09/15.md b/dan/09/15.md index f0af288467..36c0b8561c 100644 --- a/dan/09/15.md +++ b/dan/09/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # with a mighty hand -Here "mighty hand" is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: "with great strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"with great strength" # you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day "you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today" -# still we sinned; we have done wicked things - -These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # we sinned; we have done wicked things -Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) - +Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but "we" does not include God. diff --git a/dan/09/16.md b/dan/09/16.md index b0a6c4abe7..339acb8ebf 100644 --- a/dan/09/16.md +++ b/dan/09/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# your anger and your wrath - -The words "anger" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God's anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - # your holy mountain -This mountain may be holy because God's temple is there. Alternate translation: "the mountain where your holy temple is" - -# our sins ... our ancestors - -Here "our" refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]]) +"the mountain where your holy temple is" # an object of mockery diff --git a/dan/09/17.md b/dan/09/17.md index 565125c937..fc64f75a71 100644 --- a/dan/09/17.md +++ b/dan/09/17.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This does not mean "at this moment", but it is a way to show that the next phase # your servant ... his humble requests -The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +The words "your servant" and "his" here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. # make your face shine on -The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh's face shone a light. Alternate translation: "act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"act kindly toward" or "act with favor toward" # your sanctuary diff --git a/dan/09/18.md b/dan/09/18.md index 07b76f9734..0c83649642 100644 --- a/dan/09/18.md +++ b/dan/09/18.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # incline your ears and listen -These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: "listen very carefully" or "pay close attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - -# incline your ears - -To "incline the ear" is to lean toward the speaker so as to better hear the words. This is a metaphor for listening carefully and paying attention. Alternate translation: "listen carefully" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"listen very carefully" or "pay close attention" # open your eyes and see -To "open the eyes" is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel's desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: "notice us" or "pay attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"notice us" or "pay attention" # is called by your name -Here "name" represents ownership. Alternate translation: "is your city" or "belongs to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"is your city" or "belongs to you" diff --git a/dan/09/19.md b/dan/09/19.md index fd556fb134..67f1690f16 100644 --- a/dan/09/19.md +++ b/dan/09/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # do not delay -This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "act quickly" +"act quickly" diff --git a/dan/09/21.md b/dan/09/21.md index 4ef1d3291e..4fee3a4ce8 100644 --- a/dan/09/21.md +++ b/dan/09/21.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the man Gabriel -This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: "Gabriel, who appeared as a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Gabriel, who appeared as a man" # in the vision at the first -This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: "in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" +"in the previous vision" or "in the vision I saw before" or "in a vision before" # flew down to me in rapid flight diff --git a/dan/09/22.md b/dan/09/22.md index 16518bf582..91f2767038 100644 --- a/dan/09/22.md +++ b/dan/09/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # insight and understanding -The words "insight" and "understanding" mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. diff --git a/dan/09/23.md b/dan/09/23.md index eb5052231b..9a490309ec 100644 --- a/dan/09/23.md +++ b/dan/09/23.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the order was given -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave the order" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God gave the order" # you are precious @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave the order" ( # the revelation -This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md). +This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in Daniel 9:2. diff --git a/dan/09/24.md b/dan/09/24.md index 63de9d1d0d..5f1606aac3 100644 --- a/dan/09/24.md +++ b/dan/09/24.md @@ -4,21 +4,17 @@ God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the hol # Seventy sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: "Seventy times seven years" +"Seventy times seven years" # your people and your holy city -The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +The word "your" here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. # to end the guilt and put an end to sin -The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. # to carry out the vision -Here "carry out" is an idiom that means to accomplish. Alternate translation: "to accomplish the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# the vision and the prophecy - -These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah's vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"to accomplish the vision" diff --git a/dan/09/25.md b/dan/09/25.md index 8f1e97e3e9..bfc4a689bb 100644 --- a/dan/09/25.md +++ b/dan/09/25.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # and sixty-two sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: "seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" +"seven times seven years ... and sixty-two times seven years" # Know and understand -These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: "You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"You must clearly understand" or "You must know for sure" # the anointed one -Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +"the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" # seven sevens ... and sixty-two sevens @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24. # Jerusalem will be rebuilt -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will rebuild Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"People will rebuild Jerusalem" # moat diff --git a/dan/09/26.md b/dan/09/26.md index 5926ec4c7d..57baaed790 100644 --- a/dan/09/26.md +++ b/dan/09/26.md @@ -1,24 +1,24 @@ # sixty-two sevens -This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: "sixty-two times seven" +"sixty-two times seven" # the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing" # the anointed one -Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: "the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" +"the person that God anoints" or "the person that God chooses" # a coming ruler -This is a foreign ruler, not "the anointed one." Alternate translation: "a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" +"a foreign ruler who will come" or "a powerful ruler who will come" # Its end will come with a flood -The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. # Desolations have been decreed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary" or "God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything" diff --git a/dan/09/27.md b/dan/09/27.md index ae25630efc..f714815ccd 100644 --- a/dan/09/27.md +++ b/dan/09/27.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one. # one seven ... In the middle of the seven -Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: "seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" +"seven years ... Halfway through the seven years" # put an end to @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Here "seven" is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: # the sacrifice and the offering -These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: "all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"all forms of sacrificing" or "every type of offering" # the wing of abominations -This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called "abominations" because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: "the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the walls of the temple that are full of abominations" # someone who makes desolate @@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, wh # the complete destruction that has been decreed is poured out on the one who has made the desolation -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." Here God completely destroying a person is spoken of as if God were pouring a liquid on that person. The phrases "has been decreed" and "is poured out" can be translated using active form. Alternate translation: "God, just as he said he would, completely destroys the one who made the desolation " -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"God, just as he said he would, completely destroys the one who made the desolation" # the one who has made the desolation -The abstract noun "desolation" can be translated using a verb or an adjective. You may need to make explicit that Daniel is speaking of the "desolation" of the holy place in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the person who made the holy place desolate" or "the person who destroyed the holy place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the person who made the holy place desolate" or "the person who destroyed the holy place" diff --git a/dan/09/intro.md b/dan/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e009ace707..0000000000 --- a/dan/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 9 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Daniel told the future -Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) - -#### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26 - -This passage uses the expressions "seventy sevens of years," "seven sevens and sixty-two sevens," and "sixty-two sevens of years" to denote "490 years," "49 years and then 434 years," and "434 years," respectively. The original language uses the idea of a "week" to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers. - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/10/01.md b/dan/10/01.md index c78b4edb86..a2e028a2b2 100644 --- a/dan/10/01.md +++ b/dan/10/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # the third year of Cyrus king of Persia -"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia" # a message was revealed to Daniel -This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "God revealed a message to Daniel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God revealed a message to Daniel" # insight diff --git a/dan/10/02.md b/dan/10/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/10/04.md b/dan/10/04.md index 748e9b5e23..5c3df7b732 100644 --- a/dan/10/04.md +++ b/dan/10/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # On the twenty-fourth day of the first month -This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. diff --git a/dan/10/05.md b/dan/10/05.md index e169a6cd40..b20e129407 100644 --- a/dan/10/05.md +++ b/dan/10/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # Uphaz -Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known diff --git a/dan/10/06.md b/dan/10/06.md index 8573122517..de9d0af3bd 100644 --- a/dan/10/06.md +++ b/dan/10/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # His body was like topaz -His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: "his body gleamed like topaz" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his body gleamed like topaz" # topaz @@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite # his face was like lightning -His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. Alternate translation: "his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning" # His eyes were like flaming torches -His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: "his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them" # his arms and his feet were like polished bronze -His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: "his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it" # The sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd -His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: "his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together" diff --git a/dan/10/07.md b/dan/10/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/10/08.md b/dan/10/08.md index c029a995a7..e7e3440aa8 100644 --- a/dan/10/08.md +++ b/dan/10/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # So I was left alone and saw -This can be stated in active form. "No one was with me, and I saw" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# my bright appearance was turned into a ruined look - -This can be stated in active form. "my bright appearance turned into looking ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"No one was with me, and I saw" # my bright appearance -This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: "my healthy-looking face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"my healthy-looking face" # a ruined look -Someone's unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: "pale" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"pale" diff --git a/dan/10/09.md b/dan/10/09.md index b3a6f6f53d..6f5294aaa8 100644 --- a/dan/10/09.md +++ b/dan/10/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I fell on my face in deep sleep -Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately lay on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Possible meanings are: 1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately lay on the ground, where he then fainted or 2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. diff --git a/dan/10/10.md b/dan/10/10.md index 6265affe16..2719cae6bb 100644 --- a/dan/10/10.md +++ b/dan/10/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # A hand touched me -Here a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: "Someone touched me with his hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Someone touched me with his hand" diff --git a/dan/10/12.md b/dan/10/12.md index e72f9adfc8..734326a2f6 100644 --- a/dan/10/12.md +++ b/dan/10/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # your words were heard -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "God heard your words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God heard your words" diff --git a/dan/10/13.md b/dan/10/13.md index ba25fa342c..cabe218de3 100644 --- a/dan/10/13.md +++ b/dan/10/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # prince -Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: "spirit prince" +"spirit prince" # the kings of Persia diff --git a/dan/10/14.md b/dan/10/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2a18ab6e76..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - diff --git a/dan/10/15.md b/dan/10/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7fdc3bb041..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# I turned my face toward the ground - -"I looked at the ground." Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. - diff --git a/dan/10/16.md b/dan/10/16.md index 4e077cc7d2..c8ae83a9ff 100644 --- a/dan/10/16.md +++ b/dan/10/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # One who was like the sons of man -This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: "This one, who looked like a human" - -# like the sons of man - -Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: "like a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"This one, who looked like a human" # agony diff --git a/dan/10/17.md b/dan/10/17.md index c5ec795377..a29145f95a 100644 --- a/dan/10/17.md +++ b/dan/10/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? -Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel's equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: "I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant" # there is no breath left in me -This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: "I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I cannot breathe" or "it's very hard to breathe" diff --git a/dan/10/18.md b/dan/10/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf1e02f206..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the one with an appearance of a man - -"the one who looked like a human" - diff --git a/dan/10/19.md b/dan/10/19.md index 09ecfeded0..d5f575bfcb 100644 --- a/dan/10/19.md +++ b/dan/10/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Be strong now, be strong - -The words "be strong" are repeated for emphasis. - # precious man "you who are precious to God" # I was strengthened -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I became strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I became strong" diff --git a/dan/10/20.md b/dan/10/20.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6129390138..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/20.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# the prince of Persia - -Here "prince" refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: "the spirit prince of Persia" - diff --git a/dan/10/21.md b/dan/10/21.md index 89dc263dca..bdb9d0f6d8 100644 --- a/dan/10/21.md +++ b/dan/10/21.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # But I will tell you -This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: "But first I will tell you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"But first I will tell you" # what is written in the Book of Truth -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "what the Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in the Book of Truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"what the Book of Truth says" or "what someone wrote in the Book of Truth" # There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince -This double negative emphasizes that Michael is the only one who shows himself strong. Alternate translation: "The only one who shows himself to be strong with me against them is Michael your prince" or "Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives]]) +"The only one who shows himself to be strong with me against them is Michael your prince" or "Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them" # who shows himself to be strong with me against them @@ -16,9 +16,4 @@ This double negative emphasizes that Michael is the only one who shows himself s # Michael your prince -The word "your" is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Michael, the prince of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) - -# Michael your prince - -"Michael your guardian angel." Translate "prince" when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). - +"Michael, the prince of your people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/10/intro.md b/dan/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 34814272d3..0000000000 --- a/dan/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/11/01.md b/dan/11/01.md index 932d40712d..fff24f853b 100644 --- a/dan/11/01.md +++ b/dan/11/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md). - # In the first year of Darius -Darius was the King of the Medes. "The first year" refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: "In the first year of the reign of Darius" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"In the first year of the reign of Darius" diff --git a/dan/11/02.md b/dan/11/02.md index c3b4a93982..90aaadbe72 100644 --- a/dan/11/02.md +++ b/dan/11/02.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # a fourth will be far richer than all the others -"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) +"after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him" # power diff --git a/dan/11/03.md b/dan/11/03.md index 92090871dc..fde2d85d18 100644 --- a/dan/11/03.md +++ b/dan/11/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # A mighty king will rise up -The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: "A mighty king will begin to reign" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"A mighty king will begin to reign" # who will rule a very great kingdom diff --git a/dan/11/04.md b/dan/11/04.md index af3d8ce804..e8fb76e893 100644 --- a/dan/11/04.md +++ b/dan/11/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ # his kingdom will be broken and divided -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the four winds of heaven - -See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md). +"his kingdom will break apart and divide" or "his kingdom will break apart into pieces" # but not to his own descendants -The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: "but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# his kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants - -The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"but it will not be divided for his own descendants" or "but it will not be shared by his own descendants" diff --git a/dan/11/05.md b/dan/11/05.md index c2f0f6c1e1..70a29c36c4 100644 --- a/dan/11/05.md +++ b/dan/11/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # His dominion will be a great dominion "His kingdom will be a great kingdom" or "He will rule over a great kingdom." Some English versions understand this "dominion" to be a kingdom other than the kingdom of the South, but others understand it to be the kingdom of the South. diff --git a/dan/11/06.md b/dan/11/06.md index c33eec7da1..021b74fd34 100644 --- a/dan/11/06.md +++ b/dan/11/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will make an alliance -The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: "the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together" +"the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together" # The daughter of the king of the South will come ... to confirm the agreement @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the Nort # her arm's strength ... his arm -Here "arm" stands for power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# She will be abandoned - -This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "They will abandon her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +Here "arm" stands for power. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/11/07.md b/dan/11/07.md index 7aa321b748..69823f349b 100644 --- a/dan/11/07.md +++ b/dan/11/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # a branch from her roots -This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: "a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"a descendant of her ancestors" or "one of her descendants" # her roots -The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md). +The word "her" refers to the daughter of the king of the South in Daniel 11:6. # He will attack the army -The word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North" # He will fight them -Here "them" represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: "He will fight the enemy soldiers" +"He will fight the enemy soldiers" diff --git a/dan/11/08.md b/dan/11/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/11/10.md b/dan/11/10.md index 8afc65dd97..c62a2f63f9 100644 --- a/dan/11/10.md +++ b/dan/11/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # His sons "The sons of the king of the North" @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The angel continues speaking to Daniel. # will flood everything -The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: "will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"will be so great in number that they will cover all the land" diff --git a/dan/11/11.md b/dan/11/11.md index 78e5694f1d..cc49a17a16 100644 --- a/dan/11/11.md +++ b/dan/11/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # will raise up a great army "will assemble a great army" # the army will be given into his hand -Here "hand" represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: "the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the king will surrender the army to the king of the South" diff --git a/dan/11/12.md b/dan/11/12.md index 24f1d24893..0630230f2f 100644 --- a/dan/11/12.md +++ b/dan/11/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # The army will be carried off -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "The king of the South will capture the army of the North" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The king of the South will capture the army of the North" # will be lifted up -Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: "will become very proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will become very proud" # will make tens of thousands to fall -Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: "will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies" or "will kill many thousands of his enemies" # tens of thousands -"many thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"many thousands" diff --git a/dan/11/13.md b/dan/11/13.md index acadbbb6a2..c4c50a5886 100644 --- a/dan/11/13.md +++ b/dan/11/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # a great army supplied with much equipment -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a great army that has much equipment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"a great army that has much equipment" diff --git a/dan/11/14.md b/dan/11/14.md index e238ca77ff..5a21ff49cb 100644 --- a/dan/11/14.md +++ b/dan/11/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # many will rise against the king -Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: "many people will rebel against the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"many people will rebel against the king" # Sons of the violent among your people -Possible meanings are 1) this speaks of the literal children of that society's violent people, who are themselves violent, or 2) this is a metaphor for "Those among your people who are violent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this speaks of the literal children of that society's violent people, who are themselves violent, or 2) this is a metaphor for "Those among your people who are violent." # they will stumble -Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: "they will not succeed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will not succeed" diff --git a/dan/11/15.md b/dan/11/15.md index eb33b4a456..21d1bf6b38 100644 --- a/dan/11/15.md +++ b/dan/11/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # The king of the North will come -Here "king of the North" includes his army also. Alternate translation: "The army of the king of the North will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"The army of the king of the North will come" ) # pour out earth for siege mounds @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers # will not be able to stand -Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: "will not be able to keep fighting against them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will not be able to keep fighting against them" diff --git a/dan/11/16.md b/dan/11/16.md index 46c55d5ebf..f7a1ec7a47 100644 --- a/dan/11/16.md +++ b/dan/11/16.md @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ # He will stand in -Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: "The king will begin to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The king will begin to rule" # the Beautiful Land -This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md). +This refers to the land of Israel. # destruction will be in his hand -Here "destruction" represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: "he will have power to destroy anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"he will have power to destroy anything" diff --git a/dan/11/17.md b/dan/11/17.md index 1561c4ccb9..2518c6d3e5 100644 --- a/dan/11/17.md +++ b/dan/11/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # set his face -This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: "decide" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"decide" # come with the strength of his entire kingdom -This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: "come with the force of all his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"come with the force of all his army" # a daughter of women -This is an elegant way of saying "a woman." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"a woman" diff --git a/dan/11/19.md b/dan/11/19.md index dac5437a17..f71b93580d 100644 --- a/dan/11/19.md +++ b/dan/11/19.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # he will not be found -This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will disappear" or "he will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he will disappear" or "he will die" diff --git a/dan/11/20.md b/dan/11/20.md index daf3a2558b..9ccb7fc89c 100644 --- a/dan/11/20.md +++ b/dan/11/20.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # someone will rise up in his place -Rising up in a king's place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: "another man will become king of the North instead of that king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"another man will become king of the North instead of that king" # will make a tax collector pass through -The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: "will send someone to take taxes from the people" or "will send someone to oppress the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"will send someone to take taxes from the people" or "will send someone to oppress the people" # for the sake of the splendor of the kingdom @@ -16,9 +12,9 @@ This collector will collect money so that the king can be wealthy. # he will be broken -Here "he" refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: "the new king will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the new king will die" # but not in anger -Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) no one was angry at the king, or 2) that the occasion and cause of the king's death were kept secret. diff --git a/dan/11/21.md b/dan/11/21.md index 8cd6db9c09..f0edb8e2d3 100644 --- a/dan/11/21.md +++ b/dan/11/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power -The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: "a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king" diff --git a/dan/11/22.md b/dan/11/22.md index b49b73ddde..6cd64991bc 100644 --- a/dan/11/22.md +++ b/dan/11/22.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # An army will be swept away like a flood from before him -Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" # Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant" # the leader of the covenant diff --git a/dan/11/23.md b/dan/11/23.md index 42bc07817b..9ceac0b914 100644 --- a/dan/11/23.md +++ b/dan/11/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # From the time an alliance is made with him -This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"When other rulers make a peace treaty with him" diff --git a/dan/11/25.md b/dan/11/25.md index 28ee7854d6..5be85b8fd2 100644 --- a/dan/11/25.md +++ b/dan/11/25.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel continues speaking to Daniel. - # He will wake up his power and his heart -Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: "He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"He will make himself powerful and will become courageous" # heart -Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# with an extremely large and mighty army - -Some modern translations read, "with a large and extremely mighty army." +Here this represents courage. # will wage war @@ -20,5 +12,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "with a large and extremely mighty army." # he will not stand -Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: "the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the king of the South will be defeated" or "his army will be defeated" diff --git a/dan/11/26.md b/dan/11/26.md index 76cde51595..2a489cd021 100644 --- a/dan/11/26.md +++ b/dan/11/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # those who eat his fine food -This refers to the king's advisers. It was usual for a king's most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: "the king's best advisers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the king's best advisers" # His army will be swept away like a flood -Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: "The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The enemy will completely defeat his army" or "His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path" # many of them will fall killed -Here "fall" is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so "fall" and "killed" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "many of his soldiers will die in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"many of his soldiers will die in battle" diff --git a/dan/11/27.md b/dan/11/27.md index 87161325fb..bba2bab151 100644 --- a/dan/11/27.md +++ b/dan/11/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # with their hearts set on evil against each other -Here "heart" represents a person's desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: "each determined to do evil to the other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"each determined to do evil to the other" # will sit at the same table -Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. # but it will be of no use @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[r # For the end will come at the time that has been fixed -This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: "The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed" diff --git a/dan/11/28.md b/dan/11/28.md index cc9b7ee902..c6b0096e59 100644 --- a/dan/11/28.md +++ b/dan/11/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant - -Here "heart" represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom "his heart set against" means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - # with his heart set against the holy covenant -The king's desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: "determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant" # the holy covenant -Here "holy" describes God's covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. Alternate translation: "God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" +"God's covenant, which all the Israelites should obey" # He will act -This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: "He will do what he wants to in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"He will do what he wants to in Israel" diff --git a/dan/11/29.md b/dan/11/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/dan/11/30.md b/dan/11/30.md index 587826fef6..7c78a50df8 100644 --- a/dan/11/30.md +++ b/dan/11/30.md @@ -1,19 +1,15 @@ # ships of Kittim will come against him -The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: "an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army" # Kittim -This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. # he will become afraid. He will return and be furious Some modern translations read, "he will become afraid and will turn back. He will be furious" -# be furious against the holy covenant, and he will take action - -Some modern translations read, "act in his fury against the holy covenant." - # be furious against the holy covenant "hate the holy covenant" diff --git a/dan/11/31.md b/dan/11/31.md index 43b631d443..3a1c280e09 100644 --- a/dan/11/31.md +++ b/dan/11/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # His forces will rise up -"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"His army will appear" or "His army will come." The word "His" refers to the king of the North. # the fortress sanctuary @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ # They will put an end to the regular burnt offering -They will prevent people from offering it. Alternate translation: "They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering" # the abomination that causes desolation -This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" diff --git a/dan/11/32.md b/dan/11/32.md index cd3e97e6d0..1b7bdf324c 100644 --- a/dan/11/32.md +++ b/dan/11/32.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # who know their God -Here "know" means "be faithful." Alternate translation: "who are faithful to their God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"who are faithful to their God" # will be strong and will take action diff --git a/dan/11/33.md b/dan/11/33.md index 6bd771f4f5..88b24ea005 100644 --- a/dan/11/33.md +++ b/dan/11/33.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will stumble by the sword and by flame -Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here "sword" represents battles and warfare, and "flame" represents fire. Alternate translation: "they will die in battle and by burning to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will die in battle and by burning to death" # they @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites. # they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days -Here "stumble" is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase "being robbed" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days" diff --git a/dan/11/34.md b/dan/11/34.md index fb0f69e659..4cd15a05a9 100644 --- a/dan/11/34.md +++ b/dan/11/34.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they will be helped with a little help -This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: "others will give them a little help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"others will give them a little help" # In hypocrisy many will join themselves with them @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not b # will join themselves -Here "join themselves" represents "come to help." Alternate translation: "will come to help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will come to help them" diff --git a/dan/11/35.md b/dan/11/35.md index 400421dcd1..013640d9a3 100644 --- a/dan/11/35.md +++ b/dan/11/35.md @@ -4,33 +4,33 @@ This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will en # Some of those who have insight will stumble -Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "stumble" represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. # so that refining will happen to them -Here "so that" means "with the result that." Alternate translation: "with the result that refining will happen to them" +"with the result that refining will happen to them" # refining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying -These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. Alternate translation: "they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"they will be refined, cleansed, and purified" or "their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them" # refining -This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. # cleansing -This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God's use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. # purifying -This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. # time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # the appointed time is still to come -Here "appointed time" implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has set the time in the future" +"Yahweh has set the time in the future" diff --git a/dan/11/36.md b/dan/11/36.md index 43d00e7ef9..cf9d499f7a 100644 --- a/dan/11/36.md +++ b/dan/11/36.md @@ -1,26 +1,18 @@ # The king will act according to his desires -"The king will do whatever he wants" - -# The king - -This refers to the king of the North. - -# lift himself up and make himself great - -The phrases "lift himself up" and "make himself great" mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"The king of the North will do whatever he wants" # lift himself up -Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this represents becoming very proud. # make himself great -Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. # the God of gods -This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: "the supreme God" or "the only true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the supreme God" or "the only true God" # astonishing things @@ -28,5 +20,5 @@ This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: "the supreme God" or "th # until the wrath is completed -This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: "until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"until God is completely angry with him" or "until God is angry enough to take action against him" diff --git a/dan/11/38.md b/dan/11/38.md index 879890b99c..9ad3f4abd0 100644 --- a/dan/11/38.md +++ b/dan/11/38.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # the god of fortresses -The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people's fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: "the god that controls fortresses" - -# instead of these - -The word "these" refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md). +"the god that controls fortresses" diff --git a/dan/11/40.md b/dan/11/40.md index 4e33cbdcab..579f82eb23 100644 --- a/dan/11/40.md +++ b/dan/11/40.md @@ -1,20 +1,19 @@ # the time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # the king of the South ... The king of the North -These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army" # will storm against him -Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: "will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will attack him like a violent storm" or "will violently attack him" # flood them -When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](../11/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. # pass through -Nothing will stop the army. Alternate translation: "will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"will pass through the lands with no one to stop him" diff --git a/dan/11/41.md b/dan/11/41.md index b4ce494f07..f779bd95f1 100644 --- a/dan/11/41.md +++ b/dan/11/41.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # the Beautiful Land -This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md). +This refers to the land of Israel. # will fall -Here falling represents the action of dying. Alternate translation: "will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will die" # But these will escape from his hand -Here "hand" represents power. Alternate translation: "But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"But these will escape from his power" or "But he will not be able to destroy these nations" diff --git a/dan/11/42.md b/dan/11/42.md index 2ee678f8d3..ee18e24d55 100644 --- a/dan/11/42.md +++ b/dan/11/42.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -This is still about the king of the North. - # He will extend his hand into lands -Here "hand" represents power and control. Alternate translation: "He will extend his control over various lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# into lands - -Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"He will extend his control over various lands" # the land of Egypt will not be rescued -This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: "the land of Egypt will not escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the land of Egypt will not escape" diff --git a/dan/11/43.md b/dan/11/43.md index 18910d36a5..033b59fa31 100644 --- a/dan/11/43.md +++ b/dan/11/43.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps -Here "footsteps" represent submission. Alternate translation: "the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him" # the Libyans and the Cushites -"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"the people of Libya and Cush." Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. diff --git a/dan/11/44.md b/dan/11/44.md index 60cd997f24..6d794ff5fd 100644 --- a/dan/11/44.md +++ b/dan/11/44.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -This is still about the king of the North. - # he will go out with great rage -The abstract noun "rage" can be expressed with the word "angry." It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: "he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will be very angry and will go out" or "he will become very angry and will go out with his army" # go out -To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +To "go out" represents the action of attacking the enemy. # to set many apart for destruction diff --git a/dan/11/45.md b/dan/11/45.md index ad5167b3cc..ae2cb8cdc0 100644 --- a/dan/11/45.md +++ b/dan/11/45.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Moun # the mountain of the beauty of holiness -This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God's temple was. diff --git a/dan/11/intro.md b/dan/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb911c975c..0000000000 --- a/dan/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/dan/12/01.md b/dan/12/01.md index 0365569b13..a5ea7de21f 100644 --- a/dan/12/01.md +++ b/dan/12/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md) continues speaking. - # Michael, the great prince Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title "great prince." # Michael ... will rise up -Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: "Michael ... will appear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Michael ... will appear" # your people will be saved -This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: "God will save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"God will save your people" # whose name is found written in the book -This can be stated in active form. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: "whose name God has written in the book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"whose name God has written in the book" diff --git a/dan/12/02.md b/dan/12/02.md index 16fc1e1ab0..26643ca08f 100644 --- a/dan/12/02.md +++ b/dan/12/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up -The phrase "sleep in the dust of the earth" is another way of referring to those who have died. Here "rise up" is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: "those who have died will come back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"those who have died will come back to life" diff --git a/dan/12/03.md b/dan/12/03.md index 3d567480cb..41d5db35a4 100644 --- a/dan/12/03.md +++ b/dan/12/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ -# hose who have insight will shine like the brightness of the sky above +# those who have insight will shine like the brightness of the sky above -This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This refers to God's people who will share their wisdom with those around them. # those who turn many to righteousness -This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: "those who teach others to live righteously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"those who teach others to live righteously" # those who turn ... are like the stars forever and ever -These people are compared to the stars that shine. Alternate translation: "those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"those who turn ... will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever" diff --git a/dan/12/04.md b/dan/12/04.md index 5f9e72effe..dba193bc71 100644 --- a/dan/12/04.md +++ b/dan/12/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # close up these words; keep the book sealed -Here "words" represents the book. Alternate translation: "close this book and keep it sealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"close this book and keep it sealed" # time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). +"the final days" or "the end of the world." # Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase -This seems to happen before "the time of the end" during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things" diff --git a/dan/12/05.md b/dan/12/05.md index 483ffad2aa..3c9a618e0c 100644 --- a/dan/12/05.md +++ b/dan/12/05.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). - # there were two others standing "there were two other angels standing" diff --git a/dan/12/06.md b/dan/12/06.md index 50568df5e2..c1e01f3d66 100644 --- a/dan/12/06.md +++ b/dan/12/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # the man clothed in linen -This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" # upstream along the river Possible meanings are 1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or 2) the angel was further upstream along the river. -# How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? - -"How long will these amazing events last?" This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. - # these amazing events -At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. +At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened, including the events in the vision from chapter 11. diff --git a/dan/12/07.md b/dan/12/07.md index 0505439d2e..6f58452b53 100644 --- a/dan/12/07.md +++ b/dan/12/07.md @@ -1,28 +1,20 @@ # the man clothed in linen -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the man who was wearing linen clothes" or "the angel who was wearing linen clothes" # the one who lives forever "God, who lives forever" -# it would be for a time, times, and half a time - -It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md). - # a time, times, and half a time "three and a half years." These "times" are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half. -# they finish shattering the power of the holy people - -The writer does not tell who he means by the word "they." Some languages use the passive here: "the power of the holy people is finally shattered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # all these things will be completed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all these things will have happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"all these things will have happened" # all these things -At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. +At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened, and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11. diff --git a/dan/12/08.md b/dan/12/08.md index 14622310a5..282d1359ed 100644 --- a/dan/12/08.md +++ b/dan/12/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,3 @@ Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as "My master" to show respect to the angel. -# of all these things - -At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. - diff --git a/dan/12/09.md b/dan/12/09.md index 5aeb294c75..bf6dabd69d 100644 --- a/dan/12/09.md +++ b/dan/12/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # for the words are shut up and sealed -The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: "for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"for you are to close up and seal the words you have written" # the time of the end -"the final days" or "the end of the world." See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). - +"the final days" or "the end of the world." diff --git a/dan/12/10.md b/dan/12/10.md index 1be84b69ca..4c80fd5a9b 100644 --- a/dan/12/10.md +++ b/dan/12/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. - # Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined -Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people" # refined diff --git a/dan/12/11.md b/dan/12/11.md index 8f0d84f158..c9bf7257be 100644 --- a/dan/12/11.md +++ b/dan/12/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # an end is put to the regular burnt offering and the abomination that causes complete desolation is set up -The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: "the king of the North puts an end to the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the king of the North puts an end to the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation" # the abomination that causes complete desolation -This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: "the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple" or "the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean" # 1,290 days -"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"one thousand two and hundred ninety days" or "twelve hundred and ninety days." Here "days" refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. diff --git a/dan/12/12.md b/dan/12/12.md index ca56987c04..bae567ddc4 100644 --- a/dan/12/12.md +++ b/dan/12/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel. - # Blessed is the one who waits -"Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who waits" - -# who waits - -"who remains faithful" +"Blessed is the person who waits" or "Blessed is anyone who remains faithful" # the 1,335 days -"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days" or "thirteen hundred and thirty-five days." Here "days" is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. diff --git a/dan/12/13.md b/dan/12/13.md index efe922db6c..efd6abf58f 100644 --- a/dan/12/13.md +++ b/dan/12/13.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # you will rest -This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a gentle way of saying "you will die." # You will rise diff --git a/dan/12/intro.md b/dan/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3307a6c81d..0000000000 --- a/dan/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Daniel 12 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Daniel 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hab/01/01.md b/hab/01/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5fa3d7a881..0000000000 --- a/hab/01/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The prophecy that Habakkuk the prophet saw - -This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the prophecy that Habakkuk the prophet saw." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/hab/01/02.md b/hab/01/02.md index 5988660097..6761701970 100644 --- a/hab/01/02.md +++ b/hab/01/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # how long will I cry for help, and you will not hear? -The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. Alternate translation: "how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?" diff --git a/hab/01/03.md b/hab/01/03.md index e45efafd7a..e4f4019ec7 100644 --- a/hab/01/03.md +++ b/hab/01/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues his prayer to God. - # Destruction and violence are before me -The words "destruction" and "violence" can be translated with a verbal phrase. The idiom "before me" means that Habakkuk witnesses these things happening. Alternate translation: "I witness people destroying things and acting violently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I witness people destroying things and acting violently" # contention rises up -The word "contention" refers to conflict between people and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Habakkuk speaks of there being more contention between people as if contention rises up. Alternate translation: "there is more conflict between people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"there is more conflict between people" diff --git a/hab/01/04.md b/hab/01/04.md index 7296f521f6..7ba520abb6 100644 --- a/hab/01/04.md +++ b/hab/01/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # the law is weakened -Habakkuk speaks of people not obeying or enforcing the law as if they had made the law weak and unable to act. Alternate translation: "no one enforces the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"no one enforces the law" # the wicked surround the righteous -Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]]) +Habakkuk speaks of wicked people causing righteous people to suffer injustice as if the wicked people surrounded the righteous people. # twisted justice goes out -Habakkuk speaks of judges giving decisions that they say are just but that are not as if "twisted justice" were going out to the people. Alternate translation: "judges make decisions that are not just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"judges make decisions that are not just" # twisted justice -Justice that is "twisted" is injustice, the opposite of "straight justice," which is truly just. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Justice that is "twisted" is injustice, the opposite of "straight justice," which is truly just. diff --git a/hab/01/05.md b/hab/01/05.md index f58bd4e059..5dad7826b3 100644 --- a/hab/01/05.md +++ b/hab/01/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -In 1:5-11 Yahweh responds to Habakkuk. - -# be amazed and astonished - -The words "amazed" and "astonished" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the strength of the emotion. Alternate translation: "be very amazed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - # in your days -This idiom refers to Habakkuk's lifetime. Alternate translation: "during your lifetime" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"during your lifetime" # when it is reported to you -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"when someone reports it to you" or "when you hear about it" diff --git a/hab/01/06.md b/hab/01/06.md index b0d5b5397c..77732f7626 100644 --- a/hab/01/06.md +++ b/hab/01/06.md @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "violent" or 2) "hasty." # the breadth of the land -This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +This can mean 1) everywhere in Judah or 2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. diff --git a/hab/01/07.md b/hab/01/07.md index f6b5c70cb8..3c5de0ddfe 100644 --- a/hab/01/07.md +++ b/hab/01/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # They are terrifying and fearsome -The words "terrifying" and "fearsome" share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: "They cause others to be greatly terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"They cause others to be greatly terrified" # their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves -The word "splendor" represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: "because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like" diff --git a/hab/01/08.md b/hab/01/08.md index f02953b7fd..3bc7507e27 100644 --- a/hab/01/08.md +++ b/hab/01/08.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ the horses of the Chaldean soldiers # leopards -large, swift cats (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +large, swift cats # the evening wolves @@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses # they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat -Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. diff --git a/hab/01/09.md b/hab/01/09.md index b0c2f1c4d0..6e88c051f3 100644 --- a/hab/01/09.md +++ b/hab/01/09.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # their multitudes go like the desert wind -Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. # they gather captives like sand -Possible meanings are 1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: "they gather captives as one gathers sand" or 2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: "they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"they capture as many people as there are grains of sand" diff --git a/hab/01/10.md b/hab/01/10.md index 4722ec726b..6ffbf40791 100644 --- a/hab/01/10.md +++ b/hab/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers. - # So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "mockery" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock" or "So all they do is mock kings and rulers" diff --git a/hab/01/11.md b/hab/01/11.md index a70d86d823..d3ff884ce0 100644 --- a/hab/01/11.md +++ b/hab/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the wind will rush on -Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. # guilty men, those whose might is their god diff --git a/hab/01/12.md b/hab/01/12.md index 9dfd0c342b..1d4a78bc87 100644 --- a/hab/01/12.md +++ b/hab/01/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk speaks to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - # Are you not from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One? -Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You surely are from ancient times, Yahweh my God, my Holy One." # from ancient times @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Habakkuk asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. It can # has ordained them for judgment, and you, Rock, have established them for correction -The word "them" refers to the Chaldeans. The words "judgment" and "correction" can be translated with verbs. The reader should understand that the Chaldeans will judge and correct Yahweh's people. Alternate translation: "has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"has ordained them to judge his people, and you, Rock, have established them to correct your people" # Rock -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh being the one who protects him and keeps him safe as if he were a rock upon which Habakkuk could stand in order to be out of his enemies' reach. diff --git a/hab/01/13.md b/hab/01/13.md index c82782e9ee..eea408f6c4 100644 --- a/hab/01/13.md +++ b/hab/01/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - # Your eyes are too pure -Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate translation: "You are too pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"You are too pure" # those who betray @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ This refers to the Chaldeans. The word "betray" refers to people who have been d # Why are you silent while the wicked devour those more righteous than they are? -Habakkuk speaks of wicked people destroying others as if the wicked were swallowing them. Alternate translation: "Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Why are you silent while the wicked destroy those more righteous than they are?" # those more righteous than they are -This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +This refers to the Israelites, about whom Habakkuk had been complaining. The reader should understand that these are wicked people, but they are "more righteous than" or not as wicked as the Chaldeans. diff --git a/hab/01/14.md b/hab/01/14.md index 02751ba272..ab0b626ba2 100644 --- a/hab/01/14.md +++ b/hab/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You make men like fish in the sea -Habakkuk compares the way in which the Chaldeans will kill people without remorse with the way in which people will kill fish without remorse. Alternate translation: "You cause men to become no more important than fish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"You cause men to become no more important than fish" # like creeping things without a ruler over them -The words "creeping things" refer to insects and other bugs that crawl about. Just as insects have no ruler to organize and defend them, the people are defenseless before the Chaldean army. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "you make men like creeping things without a ruler over them" or "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"you make men like creeping things without a ruler over them" or "you make men as defenseless as insects that have no ruler" diff --git a/hab/01/15.md b/hab/01/15.md index 5d54c57a16..8430a336ef 100644 --- a/hab/01/15.md +++ b/hab/01/15.md @@ -1,18 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues speaking to Yahweh about the Chaldeans. - -# He brings ... he drags ... his fishnet ... he gathers ... his dragnet ... he rejoices ... he is glad - -The words "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "They bring ... they drag ... their fishnets ... they gather ... their dragnet ... they rejoice ... they are glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# all of them ... drags men away ... gathers them - -Here "them" and "men" refer to people in general. This can be stated in first person to include Habakkuk as one of the people. Alternate translation: "all of us ... drags us away ... gathers us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - # He brings all of them up with a fishhook ... in his dragnet -Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans conquering people easily as if the people were fish that the Chaldeans catch with fishhooks and fishnets. # fishhook ... fishnet ... dragnet diff --git a/hab/01/16.md b/hab/01/16.md index 2c3941d206..16c93531f9 100644 --- a/hab/01/16.md +++ b/hab/01/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # he sacrifices ... his net ... his dragnet ... he lives ... his food -Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. The words "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "they sacrifice ... their nets ... their dragnets ... they live ... their food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of the weapons that the Chaldeans use to conquer people and nations as if the weapons were fishing nets that they use to catch fish. diff --git a/hab/01/17.md b/hab/01/17.md index b6b2cee0d1..982994beab 100644 --- a/hab/01/17.md +++ b/hab/01/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will he continually slaughter the nations without mercy? -Habakkuk asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how long Yahweh will allow the Chaldeans to continue to destroy people and nations. Alternate translation: "Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# Will he ... keep emptying his net ... will he continually slaughter - -In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun "he" and "his" refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: "Will they ... keep emptying their net ... will they continually slaughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?" # keep emptying his net -Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. diff --git a/hab/01/intro.md b/hab/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 32accc1a5a..0000000000 --- a/hab/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:1-17. - -This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Injustice - -Habakkuk sees great injustice, especially in the defeat of Israel by the Assyrians. He cries out to Yahweh to ask him to put an end to it. He is questioning Yahweh, but he trusts in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) - -#### Chaldeans -Yahweh will raise up the Chaldeans to bring justice to the Hebrew people. They will defeat the Assyrians. At this time, the Chaldeans were an insignificant city and people group. This was probably intended to show the power of Yahweh. - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Habakkuk intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hab/02/01.md b/hab/02/01.md index 2a5f6ca29c..6829de29d8 100644 --- a/hab/02/01.md +++ b/hab/02/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or 2) Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh's response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. # to see what he will say to me @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) Habakk # how I should turn from my complaint -Here the word "turn" refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. diff --git a/hab/02/02.md b/hab/02/02.md index b52a97aeda..21fd16fd4b 100644 --- a/hab/02/02.md +++ b/hab/02/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh answers Habakkuk. - -# Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets - -Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: "Write this vision clearly on the tablets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. # so that the one reading them might run -Possible meanings are 1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: "so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly" diff --git a/hab/02/03.md b/hab/02/03.md index 9c1218c95d..543ccfaab4 100644 --- a/hab/02/03.md +++ b/hab/02/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the vision ... will testify -Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: "the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the vision ... will finally happen" or "the vision ... will finally come true" # will testify @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations read, "will reach its goal," and others read, "will finally sp # Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry -Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. # will not tarry diff --git a/hab/02/04.md b/hab/02/04.md index 8e7f876203..d247652c7f 100644 --- a/hab/02/04.md +++ b/hab/02/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Look! The word "Look!" here adds emphasis to what follows. # is puffed up -Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were "puffed up." Alternate translation: "is very prideful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"is very prideful" diff --git a/hab/02/05.md b/hab/02/05.md index dc1fb23bb2..eafdc0b97c 100644 --- a/hab/02/05.md +++ b/hab/02/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # as wine is treacherous, even so an arrogant man does not stay at home -Yahweh speaks of how drinking too much wine impairs a person's judgment as if the wine itself were a person who is treacherous and deceives the one who drinks it. Yahweh compares the treachery of an arrogant man to the treachery of wine. Alternate translation: "Just as wine harms people, the arrogant man also goes out to harm people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Just as wine harms people, the arrogant man also goes out to harm people" # wine @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Some modern translations read, "wealth." # He has made his throat as wide as Sheol; and like death, he is never satisfied -God speaks of the arrogant person being greedy as if the person made his throat extremely wide so he could eat far more than he needed. Because no one can escape death and Sheol, people thought of Sheol and death as being like a hungry person who is never satisfied. Yahweh used this images to show how extremly greedy the the arrogant person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +God speaks of the arrogant person being greedy as if the person made his throat extremely wide so he could eat far more than he needed. Because no one can escape death and Sheol, people thought of Sheol and death as being like a hungry person who is never satisfied. Yahweh used this images to show how extremly greedy the the arrogant person is. # He has gathered together all the nations, and he has assembled to himself all the people -These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of the arrogant man conquering nations and capturing the people as if he were gathering nations and peoples to himself. Alternate translation: "He conquers for himself the people of every nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"He conquers for himself the people of every nation" diff --git a/hab/02/06.md b/hab/02/06.md index f2dd75e248..2b25d9a201 100644 --- a/hab/02/06.md +++ b/hab/02/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Will all these not take up ... saying, 'Woe ... taken?' -The words "all these" refer to the nations and peoples from [Habakkuk 2:5](../02/05.md). This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "All of these nations and peoples will certainly take up ... saying,'Woe ... taken.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"All of these nations and peoples will certainly take up ... saying,'Woe ... taken.'" # take up a proverb and mockery, riddles @@ -16,13 +12,8 @@ This is a question to which the one who asks knows the answer but hides it with # Woe to the one increasing what is not his -It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. Alternate translation: "Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him" # For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? -The word "pledges" refers to objects that people give to others from whom they have borrowed money as a guarantee that they will repay their debt. As the man collects more and more pledges, the total weight of the pledges that he carries increases. - -# For how long will you increase the weight of the pledges you have taken? - -The Chaldeans robbing the people of the nations of their wealth is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were a person who forces others to give him pledges and to pay him what they do not owe. Alternate translation: "For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"For how long will you make yourself rich by extorting others?" diff --git a/hab/02/07.md b/hab/02/07.md index 0999119529..b2a965c628 100644 --- a/hab/02/07.md +++ b/hab/02/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Will the ones biting at you not rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you awaken? -This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The ones biting at you will certainly rise up suddenly, and the ones terrifying you will awaken." # the ones biting at you -The Hebrew word translated here as "the ones biting" can also mean "the ones paying interest" or "debtors." In this context, the word probably has both meanings. The phrase is a metaphor in which those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those whom the man has oppressed and made debtors by forcing them to give him pledges will now oppress him, which is spoken of as if they were biting him. # the ones terrifying you @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ This refers to the same debtors. They will terrify the Chaldeans by attacking th # rise up ... awaken -The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people of the nations beginning to act against the Chaldeans is spoken of as if they were to "rise up" and to "awaken" from sleep. diff --git a/hab/02/08.md b/hab/02/08.md index 3742baacce..da2cd728b2 100644 --- a/hab/02/08.md +++ b/hab/02/08.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ to rob or take things by force # you have shed human blood -The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." Alternate translation: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you have murdered people" diff --git a/hab/02/09.md b/hab/02/09.md index fd6927d80c..daf5de3dfe 100644 --- a/hab/02/09.md +++ b/hab/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the one who gets evil gains for his house -Possible meanings are 1) the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: "the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence" or 2) the word "house" is a metonym for "family" and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: "the one who makes his family rich by violent means" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the one who makes his family rich by violent means" # so he can set his nest on high to deliver himself from the hand of evil -The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. # from the hand of evil -Here the word "hand" is a metonym for power, and the word "evil" is a metonym for people who do evil things. Alternate translation: "from the power of evil" or "from people who will harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"from the power of evil" or "from people who will harm him" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/10.md b/hab/02/10.md index 3b5daaeb9c..16c7faed03 100644 --- a/hab/02/10.md +++ b/hab/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # You have devised shame for your house -Here to "devise shame" means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. One possible meaning is that the word "house" is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. Alternate translation: "By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built" Another possibility is that the word "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate translation: "By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"By your plans, you have brought shame on your family" # cutting off many people -Killing many people is spoken of as if it were cutting those people off, like one would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "killing many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"killing many people" # have sinned against your life -This idiom means that the person has done things that will result in his own death or destruction. Alternate translation: "have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"have caused your own ruin" or "have brought about your own death" diff --git a/hab/02/11.md b/hab/02/11.md index 7a70a23d49..d14a227fbd 100644 --- a/hab/02/11.md +++ b/hab/02/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters of timber will answer them -Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here the materials with which the man has built his house are personified as witnesses of the crimes that he has committed. If your culture uses different materials to build houses, you can consider using those materials here. # cry out diff --git a/hab/02/12.md b/hab/02/12.md index 63e210fcf1..934d5cf403 100644 --- a/hab/02/12.md +++ b/hab/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Woe to the one who builds a city with blood, and who establishes a town in iniquity -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. Alternate translation: "A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"A warning to the Chaldeans who built their cities with what they have stolen from the people they have killed" # the one who builds a city with blood -Here the word "blood" is a metonym for murder. It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Alternate translation: "the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the one who kills people and steals their goods in order to build a city" # who establishes a town in iniquity -It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word "establishes" means "to begin." Alternate translation: "who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior" diff --git a/hab/02/13.md b/hab/02/13.md index 33463b5770..2b9acb2dba 100644 --- a/hab/02/13.md +++ b/hab/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Is it not from Yahweh of hosts that peoples labor for fire, and nations weary themselves in vain? -This negative rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. The two clauses share similar meanings that the work that people do will not last. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yahweh is the one who has determined that the things that people work hard to build will be destroyed by fire and result in nothing." # peoples labor for fire -This means that the people labor to build things that will go into the fire before the people can use them. Alternate translation: "peoples labor to build things that the fire will burn up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"peoples labor to build things that the fire will burn up" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/14.md b/hab/02/14.md index 629878850a..9c0be88ab9 100644 --- a/hab/02/14.md +++ b/hab/02/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh as the waters cover the sea - -This simile compares the way in which people everywhere will know of Yahweh's glory with how water fills every part of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # the land will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Yahweh -The word "knowledge" can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people throughout the land will know the glory of Yahweh" diff --git a/hab/02/15.md b/hab/02/15.md index 903fffc7f6..f3dffcbdea 100644 --- a/hab/02/15.md +++ b/hab/02/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the one who forces his neighbors to drink ... you make them drunk -The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the one who forces his neighbors to drink - -It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate translation: "the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The way that the Chaldeans cruelly treated other nations is spoken of as if they were a man who forces his neighbors to become drunk so that he can humiliate them. # in order to look at their nakedness -"so you can look at them when they are naked." This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate translation: "so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked" diff --git a/hab/02/16.md b/hab/02/16.md index 6222a12d6f..cbe352f174 100644 --- a/hab/02/16.md +++ b/hab/02/16.md @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ # You will be filled with shame instead of glory -The Chaldeans passionately pursuing their own glory is spoken of as if they were eating or drinking it greedily and excessively. Instead of attaining glory, they will find only shame. Alternate translation: "You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You will bring shame upon yourself instead of the glory that you seek" # Drink -Others treating the Chaldeans the way that the Chaldeans had treated others is spoken of as if the Chaldeans were to drink the wine that they had forced others to drink. Alternate translation: "Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Drink from the cup" or "Drink the wine" # you will expose your uncircumcised foreskin -This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people. # The cup in Yahweh's right hand is coming around to you -Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The cup in Yahweh's right hand - -"The cup that Yahweh holds in his right hand" or "The cup that Yahweh is holding" +Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink wine from a cup that he holds in his hand. Yahweh's right hand represents his power. # is coming around to you @@ -24,5 +20,4 @@ Yahweh punishing the Chaldeans is spoken of as if he were forcing them to drink # disgrace will cover your glory -The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: "disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"disgrace will replace your glory" or "people will disgrace you instead of honor you" diff --git a/hab/02/17.md b/hab/02/17.md index e52f8ce937..842c6cc540 100644 --- a/hab/02/17.md +++ b/hab/02/17.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you - -The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - # The violence done to Lebanon -Possible meanings for the word "Lebanon" are 1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "The violence done to the trees of Lebanon" or 2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "The violence done to the people of Lebanon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The violence done to the people of Lebanon" # the devastation of animals will terrify you -The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if what they had done were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - -# For you have shed the blood of man ... all who live in them - -See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md). +The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if what they had done were a person who will terrify them. # you have shed the blood of man -The idiom "to shed blood" means "to murder." Alternate translation: "you have murdered people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you have murdered people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/18.md b/hab/02/18.md index 2da399cd13..1ded5701b2 100644 --- a/hab/02/18.md +++ b/hab/02/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # What profit is there in a carved image? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "The carved figure does no one any good!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The carved figure does no one any good!" # Or a cast metal figure, a teacher of lies? -This rhetorical question continues the idea in the first two sentences. You may need to add the ideas omitted in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: "Or what good is a cast metal figure? It is a teacher of lies" or "And a cast metal figure can does no one any good because it is a teacher of lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Or what good is a cast metal figure? It is a teacher of lies" or "And a cast metal figure can does no one any good because it is a teacher of lies" # a teacher of lies -This phrase personifies the cast metal figure as a teacher. People who look at a skillfully made idol falsely believe that it has power. Alternate translation: "a thing about which people believe lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"a thing about which people believe lies" # worthless idols diff --git a/hab/02/19.md b/hab/02/19.md index 5c0dfe48ef..9dc9accbd5 100644 --- a/hab/02/19.md +++ b/hab/02/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Or to the silent stone -The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"Woe to the one saying to the silent stone" # Do these things teach? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"These things cannot teach." or "Wood and stone cannot teach." # See, it is overlaid @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. The # it is overlaid with gold and silver -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"a person overlays the wood or stone with gold and silver" # there is no breath at all within it -The idiom "no breath ... within it" means that it is not alive, but dead. Alternate translation: "it is not alive" or "it is dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"it is not alive" or "it is dead" diff --git a/hab/02/20.md b/hab/02/20.md index 83241d3148..bb675d00ad 100644 --- a/hab/02/20.md +++ b/hab/02/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # all the land -Here the word "land" is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: "everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"everyone in the land" or "everyone on earth" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/intro.md b/hab/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6e069117e3..0000000000 --- a/hab/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:1-20. - -This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### "The righteous will live by his faith" -This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hab/03/01.md b/hab/03/01.md index d722f898d2..3c365bdf4c 100644 --- a/hab/03/01.md +++ b/hab/03/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: -These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh." diff --git a/hab/03/02.md b/hab/03/02.md index 3af8f9accb..6aa89feaad 100644 --- a/hab/03/02.md +++ b/hab/03/02.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "I have heard people talk about what you have done in t # revive your work -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: "bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"bring your work back to life" or "what you did before, do again" # in the midst of these years -This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: "in our own times" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"in our own times" # make it known diff --git a/hab/03/03.md b/hab/03/03.md index efb057372e..f0f2a9898f 100644 --- a/hab/03/03.md +++ b/hab/03/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk begins to describe his vision of Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision continues through Habakkuk 3:15. It is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman and Mount Paran were both located south of Judah. Habakkuk speaks of God coming to Judah from the direction of Mount Sinai. @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) concealed, hid to keep people from seeing, or 2) clothe # the earth was full of his praise -Here the word "praise" is a metonym for God's qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: "the earth was full of his glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the earth was full of his glory" diff --git a/hab/03/04.md b/hab/03/04.md index 599c9a9f8b..f2c962636a 100644 --- a/hab/03/04.md +++ b/hab/03/04.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # With brightness like the light Here the word "brightness" likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh's glory. Possible meanings are 1) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like flashes of lightning or 2) the brightness of Yahweh's glory was like the rising of the sun. # two-pronged rays flash from his hand -Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. # there he hid his power diff --git a/hab/03/05.md b/hab/03/05.md index 8f6a770d47..4f71c4f8ba 100644 --- a/hab/03/05.md +++ b/hab/03/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Deadly disease went before him -The writer describes God making people ill with diseases as if that disease were a person who walked in front of God and told them that God was coming. Alternate translation: "God caused people to die from diseases" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"God caused people to die from diseases" # the plague came out at his feet -The writer describes God making people ill with the plague as if the plague were a small animal following close behind God's feet. Alternate translation: "he brought a plague on the people" or "God made the people ill with the plague" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he brought a plague on the people" or "God made the people ill with the plague" diff --git a/hab/03/06.md b/hab/03/06.md index c1c8586a26..051a0fe491 100644 --- a/hab/03/06.md +++ b/hab/03/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position. @@ -16,17 +12,12 @@ The nations shook with fear because he looked at them. This is the fear a guilty # eternal mountains ... everlasting hills -"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." If your language has no different words for "eternal" and "everlasting," you can combine them as the UDB has done. +"mountains that have existed since the beginning of time ... hills that will exist until the end of time." # Even the eternal mountains were shattered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the everlasting hills bowed down - -The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: "the everlasting hills collapsed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"Even the eternal mountains crumbled" or "He shattered even the eternal mountains" # His path is everlasting -Possible meanings are 1) the words "His path" may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: "He is everlasting" or 2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: "He walks along an ancient path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"He walks along an ancient path" diff --git a/hab/03/07.md b/hab/03/07.md index 4d30b8cf35..efd505c173 100644 --- a/hab/03/07.md +++ b/hab/03/07.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. # I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling -Possible meanings are 1) the words "the tents" and "the fabric of the tents" are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: "I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling" or 2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: "I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people" # Cushan -This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +This can be 1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or 2) the same as Cush. diff --git a/hab/03/08.md b/hab/03/08.md index 85fcf3ca81..dac3bf26d8 100644 --- a/hab/03/08.md +++ b/hab/03/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots -The phrases "your horses" and "your victorious chariots" both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: "you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory" diff --git a/hab/03/09.md b/hab/03/09.md index c0812ffe64..48fcb14839 100644 --- a/hab/03/09.md +++ b/hab/03/09.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # You have brought out your bow without a cover -This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: "You have prepared to shoot your bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You have prepared to shoot your bow" # You divided the earth with rivers diff --git a/hab/03/10.md b/hab/03/10.md index f7d7ef97e9..0d7a1ee7c7 100644 --- a/hab/03/10.md +++ b/hab/03/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The mountains saw you and twisted in pain -The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The effects that Yahweh's presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. # Downpours of water passed over them @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ Possible meanings are 1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or 2) the rain c # the deep sea raised a shout -The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: "the deep sea became loud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"the deep sea became loud" # It lifted up its hands -The waves of the sea are spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts his hands in praise to God. Alternate translation: "Waves began to form in the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +"Waves began to form in the sea" diff --git a/hab/03/11.md b/hab/03/11.md index 97d0ed555a..2c776e3d8a 100644 --- a/hab/03/11.md +++ b/hab/03/11.md @@ -1,19 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # The sun and moon stood still -The sun and moon not moving in the sky is spoken of as if they were people who stopped walking and stood still. Alternate translation: "The sun and moon stopped moving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"The sun and moon stopped moving" # in their high places "in the sky" -# at the flash of your arrows ... at the lightning of your flashing spear - -These two phrases share similar meanings and tell why the sun and moon have stood still. The lightning flashes in the sky are spoken of as if they were arrows that Yahweh shoots from his bow or a shining spear that he throws through the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # the flash of your arrows as they fly "the flash of your flying arrows" diff --git a/hab/03/12.md b/hab/03/12.md index 9a3c2e46b4..6c69565c87 100644 --- a/hab/03/12.md +++ b/hab/03/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ anger of a person who has suffered injustice # you have threshed the nations -Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. diff --git a/hab/03/13.md b/hab/03/13.md index d63f6c83ce..f72918cb53 100644 --- a/hab/03/13.md +++ b/hab/03/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the Translation Notes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it. - # You went out for the salvation of your people -The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "You went out to save your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"You went out to save your people" # your anointed one @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "You # You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck -Possible meanings are 1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and "base" and "neck" represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: "You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building" or "You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation" or 2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person's head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the "head," and "house" represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: "The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck" or "You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people's power" diff --git a/hab/03/14.md b/hab/03/14.md index 5222bbd7a6..45d31035a6 100644 --- a/hab/03/14.md +++ b/hab/03/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. - # You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own spears -The word "his" refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: "You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors" or 2) the word "head" refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: "With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"With the leader's own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors" # spears @@ -12,9 +8,9 @@ Some modern translations read, "arrows." # they came like a storm -The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: "they came quickly like a storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"they came quickly like a storm" # their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place -The word "gloating" here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: "they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people" or "they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den" diff --git a/hab/03/15.md b/hab/03/15.md index d23c793b8e..a8aa875c5c 100644 --- a/hab/03/15.md +++ b/hab/03/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # heaped up the great waters -Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. Alternate translation: "caused the great waters to surge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"caused the great waters to surge" diff --git a/hab/03/16.md b/hab/03/16.md index d32bd54bea..cd8481ecbc 100644 --- a/hab/03/16.md +++ b/hab/03/16.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. - # I heard -You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm" # my inner parts trembled -The word translated here as "inner parts" is literally "belly." If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: "my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned" # My lips quivered at the sound @@ -16,9 +12,9 @@ Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. # Decay comes into my bones -Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: "My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting" # under myself I tremble -The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +The words "under myself" refer to what is below him. Possible meanings for the idiom are 1) "my legs tremble" or 2) "I tremble where I stand." diff --git a/hab/03/17.md b/hab/03/17.md index 037be17292..b7ff14adcb 100644 --- a/hab/03/17.md +++ b/hab/03/17.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. - # though the produce of the olive tree disappoints "though the produce of the olive tree fails" or "though the olive tree fails to produce olives" # though the flock is cut off from the fold -The word "flock" may refer to sheep or goats, or both. The word "fold" refers to the fenced-in area where shepherds keep their flock. Habakkuk speaks of the flock dying as if someone were to cut off the flock, as a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"though all the flock dies and the folds are empty" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/18.md b/hab/03/18.md index 2ea9cfe29d..ec7afdb253 100644 --- a/hab/03/18.md +++ b/hab/03/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Habakkuk continues to describe his reaction to his vision of Yahweh and determines to praise him. - # the God of my salvation -The word "salvation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "the God who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"the God who saves me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/03/19.md b/hab/03/19.md index bad638e5e5..245fe74f9f 100644 --- a/hab/03/19.md +++ b/hab/03/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # he makes my feet like the deer's. He makes me go forward on my high places -Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh keeping him safe and enabling him to survive during difficult times as if Yahweh were to make him as sure-footed as a deer that can climb easily on rugged and dangerous mountain sides. diff --git a/hab/03/intro.md b/hab/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f9255ca03..0000000000 --- a/hab/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Habakkuk 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:1-19. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Poetry -Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Habakkuk 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hab/front/intro.md b/hab/front/intro.md index dd6ce79f76..77a4af6996 100644 --- a/hab/front/intro.md +++ b/hab/front/intro.md @@ -13,35 +13,4 @@ ### What is the Book of Habakkuk about? -Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) - -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Habakkuk" or just "Habakkuk." Translators may choose to call it "The Sayings of Habakkuk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -### Who wrote the Book of Habakkuk? - -The prophet Habakkuk wrote this book. Scripture does not mention Habakkuk except in this book. - -The Chaldean empire is another name for the Babylonian empire. The Book of Habakkuk mentions it several times. This helps us to date Habakkuk's life. The Chaldean empire had power from about 720 to 538 B.C. Habakkuk probably prophesied about the time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum during the reigns of Kings Josiah, Jehoahaz, and Jehoiakim in Judah. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Why did Yahweh use an evil nation to punish Judah? - -Habakkuk wanted to know why Yahweh used an evil nation to punish Judah. Yahweh responded that he will judge the evil nations also. But righteous people will live by being faithful to Yahweh. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### How do I identify the speaker? - -Habakkuk spoke to Yahweh and Yahweh answered him. The translator should be careful to identify whether the speaker is Habakkuk or Yahweh in each section. The translator may wish to make the identity of the speaker explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -### What style of writing is the Book of Habakkuk? - -In the first two chapters, Habakkuk asks Yahweh questions and Yahweh answers him. The third chapter is a psalm. Habakkuk ends by telling the choirmaster to use stringed instruments. - -### Does Habakkuk question or challenge Yahweh? - -Habakkuk spoke directly to Yahweh and seems to be challenging God. Habakkuk was not questioning the authority of Yahweh. He was telling Yahweh that he does not understand what Yahweh is doing. In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. - +Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/01.md b/hos/01/01.md index 01a5242053..227f442f60 100644 --- a/hos/01/01.md +++ b/hos/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ # the word of Yahweh that came -This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "the word that Yahweh God spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the word that Yahweh God spoke" # Beeri -This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a man.) # Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... Joash -The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. diff --git a/hos/01/02.md b/hos/01/02.md index 4adf22a20d..b95e8438d3 100644 --- a/hos/01/02.md +++ b/hos/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # great prostitution -Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "prostitution" represents the people being unfaithful to God. diff --git a/hos/01/03.md b/hos/01/03.md index 58737a68a7..cc3a6eebf2 100644 --- a/hos/01/03.md +++ b/hos/01/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Gomer ... Diblaim -These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are names of people. diff --git a/hos/01/04.md b/hos/01/04.md index f087ab0cd0..24522efeb0 100644 --- a/hos/01/04.md +++ b/hos/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the house of Jehu -Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "house" means "family," including Jehu's descendants. # the house of Israel -This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. diff --git a/hos/01/05.md b/hos/01/05.md index a8a1a4d6af..c6220f167c 100644 --- a/hos/01/05.md +++ b/hos/01/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the bow of Israel -Here "bow" refers to the power of the army. Alternate translation: "the military power of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the military power of Israel" diff --git a/hos/01/06.md b/hos/01/06.md index 29566933e4..bf367ad664 100644 --- a/hos/01/06.md +++ b/hos/01/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Lo-Ruhamah -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"No Mercy" diff --git a/hos/01/07.md b/hos/01/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/01/08.md b/hos/01/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index c5e1e4922c..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# Lo-Ruhamah - -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - diff --git a/hos/01/09.md b/hos/01/09.md index 1015d1b6e9..7fe1f8160b 100644 --- a/hos/01/09.md +++ b/hos/01/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Lo-Ammi -This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. Alternate translation: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Not My People" diff --git a/hos/01/10.md b/hos/01/10.md index c7d4fd1eab..ae4a076f29 100644 --- a/hos/01/10.md +++ b/hos/01/10.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # like the sand of the seashore -This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. # which cannot be measured or counted -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which no one can measure or count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"which no one can measure or count" # It will be that where it was said to them -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Where God said to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Where God said to them" # where it was said to them @@ -20,5 +16,5 @@ This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been commi # it will be said to them -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will say to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God will say to them" diff --git a/hos/01/11.md b/hos/01/11.md index 6ad8920e37..2648aac4da 100644 --- a/hos/01/11.md +++ b/hos/01/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # will be gathered together -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will gather them together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"God will gather them together" # go up from the land @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in capti # the day of Jezreel -This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. diff --git a/hos/01/intro.md b/hos/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2271fbfc5d..0000000000 --- a/hos/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-11. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Hosea's marriage -God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) - -Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Hosea intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/02/01.md b/hos/02/01.md index d19f5f0af4..1844e66a18 100644 --- a/hos/02/01.md +++ b/hos/02/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # My people! -This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: "You are my people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) +"You are my people!" # You have been shown compassion -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has shown you compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yahweh has shown you compassion" # compassion diff --git a/hos/02/02.md b/hos/02/02.md index de53f4c3a4..e7f29d3f3f 100644 --- a/hos/02/02.md +++ b/hos/02/02.md @@ -1,28 +1,24 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. # your mother -Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. # for she is not my wife -Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. # neither am I her husband -Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. # her acts of adultery -A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. # from between her breasts -This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/02/03.md b/hos/02/03.md index acb2cab939..5fcebe393e 100644 --- a/hos/02/03.md +++ b/hos/02/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born -Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. # I will make her like the wilderness -Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. # I will make her die from thirst -Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "thirst" refers to the need to worship and rely on Yahweh, not idols, or Israel will not be able to survive as a nation. diff --git a/hos/02/04.md b/hos/02/04.md index f28c1f01d5..13e17faa05 100644 --- a/hos/02/04.md +++ b/hos/02/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - # for they are children of prostitution -The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. diff --git a/hos/02/05.md b/hos/02/05.md index 55abb6400b..1da22c75c8 100644 --- a/hos/02/05.md +++ b/hos/02/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # For their mother has been a prostitute -The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. # I will go after my lovers, for they give me my bread and water, my wool and flax, my oil and drink -Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "my lovers" refers to Baal and other false gods, whom Israel has chosen to worship instead of Yahweh. The list of things are essential items that allow the people to live. diff --git a/hos/02/06.md b/hos/02/06.md index 51847eb998..5bf10a3ac0 100644 --- a/hos/02/06.md +++ b/hos/02/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking to Hosea. - # Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way -This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. diff --git a/hos/02/07.md b/hos/02/07.md index 713ee67584..a0f53ac8c5 100644 --- a/hos/02/07.md +++ b/hos/02/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Then she will say, "I will return to my first husband, for it was better for me then than it is now." -Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Israel will return to Yahweh not because of their love for him, but because they are disappointed by their worship of Baal. diff --git a/hos/02/08.md b/hos/02/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index ea5f3bdd47..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - diff --git a/hos/02/09.md b/hos/02/09.md index 9c2f22f1ae..2d2c8a06cf 100644 --- a/hos/02/09.md +++ b/hos/02/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness -This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. # were used to cover her nakedness -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the people used to clothe themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that the people used to clothe themselves" diff --git a/hos/02/10.md b/hos/02/10.md index af81ab81cd..6801cd63f1 100644 --- a/hos/02/10.md +++ b/hos/02/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea. - -# Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers - -This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # no one will rescue her out of my hand -No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +No one will try to help Israel. Here "hand" refers to God's power to punish. diff --git a/hos/02/12.md b/hos/02/12.md index 625080b345..4e393467fa 100644 --- a/hos/02/12.md +++ b/hos/02/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. - -# These are the wages that my lovers gave me - -This refers to payment that Israel received from the false gods or Baals. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "that these were the wages that her lovers had given to her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) - # make them a forest -Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. diff --git a/hos/02/13.md b/hos/02/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index da55a605a7..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# this is Yahweh's declaration - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - diff --git a/hos/02/14.md b/hos/02/14.md index feacc3064f..b6e910bd5c 100644 --- a/hos/02/14.md +++ b/hos/02/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # to allure her to attract her diff --git a/hos/02/15.md b/hos/02/15.md index 2b6cd104e9..9201420195 100644 --- a/hos/02/15.md +++ b/hos/02/15.md @@ -4,9 +4,5 @@ As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor s # She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt -Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# She will answer - -Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean "She will sing." +Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. diff --git a/hos/02/16.md b/hos/02/16.md index b3a82d4985..024d14becd 100644 --- a/hos/02/16.md +++ b/hos/02/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # My husband -This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. # My Baal -"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Baal" means "master" and also refers to the false god that the Canaanites worship. diff --git a/hos/02/17.md b/hos/02/17.md index 8f4ae8b541..77a7f7b6d4 100644 --- a/hos/02/17.md +++ b/hos/02/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth -The Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. Alternate translation: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals" diff --git a/hos/02/18.md b/hos/02/18.md index ccdcb88beb..e551eba318 100644 --- a/hos/02/18.md +++ b/hos/02/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel. - # On that day This phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh. @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Yahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals. # I will drive away the bow, the sword, and the battle from the land, and I will make you lie down in safety -Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh will keep Israel's enemies away from them, there will be no more war, the people will be safe. Here "the bow, the sword, and the battle" represent war. # lie down in safety -This expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +This expression refers to living in safety. diff --git a/hos/02/19.md b/hos/02/19.md index ed9937ea74..6ebdefc03b 100644 --- a/hos/02/19.md +++ b/hos/02/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - # I will promise to be your husband forever -Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. # in righteousness, justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy -This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. Alternate translation: "and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"and do what is right, just, faithful, and merciful" diff --git a/hos/02/21.md b/hos/02/21.md deleted file mode 100644 index a13bce1f1c..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/21.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - diff --git a/hos/02/22.md b/hos/02/22.md index d41e2a629a..d5ef2563db 100644 --- a/hos/02/22.md +++ b/hos/02/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel -The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. # Jezreel -Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. diff --git a/hos/02/23.md b/hos/02/23.md index bfaeaf9e29..cd95dea593 100644 --- a/hos/02/23.md +++ b/hos/02/23.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel. - # I will plant her for myself in the land -When God makes his people safe and prosperous in their land again, they are spoken of if they were agricultural crops. Alternate translation: "I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will take care of the Israelite people as a farmer plants his crops and takes care of them" # Lo-Ruhamah -This name means "no mercy." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: "No Mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"No Mercy" # Lo-Ammi -This name means "not my people." The translator may choose to represent this meaning as the name. See how you translated this in [Hosea 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: "Not My People" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +"Not My People" diff --git a/hos/02/intro.md b/hos/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8865876591..0000000000 --- a/hos/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/03/01.md b/hos/03/01.md index fbafd8bc67..dbcd474ff4 100644 --- a/hos/03/01.md +++ b/hos/03/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress -This refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/02.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. +Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman. # Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel -By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) +By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. # they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes diff --git a/hos/03/02.md b/hos/03/02.md index 34e1ee8459..069b5c31b9 100644 --- a/hos/03/02.md +++ b/hos/03/02.md @@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ This was the price to buy a slave. -# fifteen pieces - -"15 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - # a homer and a lethek of barley -This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: "330 liters of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bvolume]]) +"330 liters of barley" diff --git a/hos/03/03.md b/hos/03/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/03/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/03/05.md b/hos/03/05.md index e3d94e72eb..7791bebf85 100644 --- a/hos/03/05.md +++ b/hos/03/05.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "seek" means they are asking God to accept them and their worship. # David their king -Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: "a descendant of David to be their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"a descendant of David to be their king" # in the last days @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Here "David" represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: "a # they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness -Here "trembling" represents feelings of awe and humility. Alternate translation: "they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings" diff --git a/hos/03/intro.md b/hos/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 141d99d752..0000000000 --- a/hos/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor - -This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/04/01.md b/hos/04/01.md index 50132e387b..83431757c9 100644 --- a/hos/04/01.md +++ b/hos/04/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites. - # Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the land -Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. # lawsuit -This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). - +This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. diff --git a/hos/04/02.md b/hos/04/02.md index e457a3fc58..b58644eb48 100644 --- a/hos/04/02.md +++ b/hos/04/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The people have broken all bounds -Here "bounds" stands for the limits of what the law allows. Alternate translation: "The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The people have disobeyed the law in every possible way" # bloodshed comes after bloodshed -Here "bloodshed" stands for "murder" which often involves making the victim bleed. Alternate translation: "you commit one murder after another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you commit one murder after another" diff --git a/hos/04/03.md b/hos/04/03.md index c836155f85..69d3dd3a9e 100644 --- a/hos/04/03.md +++ b/hos/04/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the land mourns, and everyone living in it is wasting away -The phrase "the land mourns" is either 1) a metaphor for the land drying up because of a drought, when no rain falls for a long time. Alternate translation: "the land dries up, and everyone living in it is wasting away" Or 2) a metonym for the people of the land mourning because they have nothing to eat. Alternate translation: "the people living on the land mourn and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people living on the land mourn and waste away" # wasting away @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food # the beasts ... sea, are being taken away -Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: "the beasts ... sea, are dying" Or 2) this can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "God is taking away the beasts ... sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) - +"God is taking away the beasts ... sea" diff --git a/hos/04/05.md b/hos/04/05.md index c18b477251..ffbe807e2d 100644 --- a/hos/04/05.md +++ b/hos/04/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You priests will stumble -Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "stumble" means to disobey God or even to stop trusting him. # I will destroy your mother -Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "mother" refers to the nation of Israel. diff --git a/hos/04/06.md b/hos/04/06.md index d534023e29..cb35daafd5 100644 --- a/hos/04/06.md +++ b/hos/04/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UDB, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. - # My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me" # knowledge -Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God. diff --git a/hos/04/07.md b/hos/04/07.md index 2446a83068..bd446e988b 100644 --- a/hos/04/07.md +++ b/hos/04/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # They exchanged their honor for shame -Possible meanings are 1) "honor" is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and "shame" is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: "They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols" or 2) some Bible versions translate this as "I will exchange their honor for shame." This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. diff --git a/hos/04/08.md b/hos/04/08.md index f9d2cbaab6..07bb498a9b 100644 --- a/hos/04/08.md +++ b/hos/04/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. - # They feed on the sin of my people -When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. # they are greedy for more of their iniquity -The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. diff --git a/hos/04/10.md b/hos/04/10.md index 43853df354..7bd3c61922 100644 --- a/hos/04/10.md +++ b/hos/04/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # but not increase "but not have children" # to Yahweh -Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"to me" diff --git a/hos/04/11.md b/hos/04/11.md index 490420c1ea..dc7507c165 100644 --- a/hos/04/11.md +++ b/hos/04/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Prostitution, wine, and new wine take away understanding -The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/04/12.md b/hos/04/12.md index 9b2f4084f6..d5021f17a5 100644 --- a/hos/04/12.md +++ b/hos/04/12.md @@ -1,11 +1,8 @@ # their walking sticks give them prophecies -Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. # A spirit of prostitution has led them astray -Here "spirit" refers to a person's desire. Here "prostitution" refers to spiritual prostitution that the people commit when they worship idols. Alternate translation: "Their desire to act as a prostitute has led them astray" -# has led them astray - -Causing someone to sin is described as leading a person in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: "has caused the people to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Their desire to act as a prostitute has caused them to sin" diff --git a/hos/04/13.md b/hos/04/13.md index 4f1890f376..066f643e36 100644 --- a/hos/04/13.md +++ b/hos/04/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # on the tops of the mountains ... on the hills It was common for the people to set up idols in these places, often called "high places" in the Old Testament. diff --git a/hos/04/14.md b/hos/04/14.md index 63d82d7512..43a8bf949b 100644 --- a/hos/04/14.md +++ b/hos/04/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# daughters-in-law - -Some modern translations read, "brides." See how you translated this word in [Hosea 4:13](./13.md). - # sacred prostitutes These were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods. # So this people who does not understand will be thrown down -Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. diff --git a/hos/04/15.md b/hos/04/15.md index ece02f3cb0..14808bd698 100644 --- a/hos/04/15.md +++ b/hos/04/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # may Judah not become guilty God knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing. @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ The people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth A # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/04/16.md b/hos/04/16.md index 18994e298d..35259943b8 100644 --- a/hos/04/16.md +++ b/hos/04/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # like a stubborn heifer -Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. # How can Yahweh bring them to pasture like lambs in a meadow? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he cannot continue to take care of the people because they are stubborn. Yahweh no longer taking care of his people is spoken of as if he were a shepherd that could not take his lambs into the field to eat because they are stubborn. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Yahweh will not shepherd a rebellious people." or "Therefore Yahweh will not continue to take care of them." # How can Yahweh -Here Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "How can I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"How can I" diff --git a/hos/04/17.md b/hos/04/17.md index 576832f609..75b8f5a8a2 100644 --- a/hos/04/17.md +++ b/hos/04/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone -Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen. diff --git a/hos/04/19.md b/hos/04/19.md index 351074d017..1e7cd94504 100644 --- a/hos/04/19.md +++ b/hos/04/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The wind will wrap her up in its wings -Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "wind" represents God's judgment and anger against the nation of Israel. Yahweh will allow the enemy army to defeat the people of Israel and take them as captives. diff --git a/hos/04/intro.md b/hos/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9495620eb4..0000000000 --- a/hos/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 4 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Lawsuits - -Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metonymy - -Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/05/01.md b/hos/05/01.md index 4caa29ca26..8b7a81fb12 100644 --- a/hos/05/01.md +++ b/hos/05/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor -A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. diff --git a/hos/05/02.md b/hos/05/02.md index 7ffbd9ed87..41a029ed3a 100644 --- a/hos/05/02.md +++ b/hos/05/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,4 @@ # The rebels stand deep in slaughter -Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The rebels - -The translator can represent this as "You rebels," because God is really talking to the rebellious people of Israel. - -# in slaughter - -Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness. - -# I will punish all of them - -The translator can represent this as "I will punish all of you." +Here "rebels" refers to all of those people who had turned away from Yahweh, and "deep in slaughter" could refer to the murder of innocent people, or to the slaughter of animals offered to pagan idols. diff --git a/hos/05/03.md b/hos/05/03.md index 27cc340be1..74dd8c2bab 100644 --- a/hos/05/03.md +++ b/hos/05/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me -Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing. # Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute -Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. diff --git a/hos/05/04.md b/hos/05/04.md index 9282ff4c07..ee31c97c42 100644 --- a/hos/05/04.md +++ b/hos/05/04.md @@ -6,7 +6,3 @@ This means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship id The translator can represent this as "to turn to me ... they do not know me," or "to turn to me ... they do not know me, Yahweh." -# they do not know Yahweh - -Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God. - diff --git a/hos/05/05.md b/hos/05/05.md index 1f2b1fea68..2227d538c4 100644 --- a/hos/05/05.md +++ b/hos/05/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # The pride of Israel testifies against him -This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. # so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them -The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. diff --git a/hos/05/06.md b/hos/05/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/05/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/05/07.md b/hos/05/07.md index e4bd9c815b..7e072b5857 100644 --- a/hos/05/07.md +++ b/hos/05/07.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from oth # Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields -The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. diff --git a/hos/05/08.md b/hos/05/08.md index a060daa8f2..4147ea3a15 100644 --- a/hos/05/08.md +++ b/hos/05/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel. - # Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!' -Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/05/09.md b/hos/05/09.md index 9105b5b678..3cd9820d0a 100644 --- a/hos/05/09.md +++ b/hos/05/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the day of rebuke -Many versions understand the word "rebuke" here as a euphemism for "punishment." +Many versions understand the word "rebuke" here as "punishment." # Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen diff --git a/hos/05/10.md b/hos/05/10.md index 9e185705f0..85052a46a2 100644 --- a/hos/05/10.md +++ b/hos/05/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone -To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +To "move a boundary stone" refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. # I will pour my wrath on them like water -Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. diff --git a/hos/05/11.md b/hos/05/11.md index 3392acaa26..c68f13787e 100644 --- a/hos/05/11.md +++ b/hos/05/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Ephraim is oppressed -"Ephraim" is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them" # he is crushed in judgment -The word "he" refers to "Ephraim," which is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. The word "crushed" is a metaphor for "severely oppressed." The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed using the verb "judge," the subject of which is either Yahweh or the enemies of the people of Israel. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them" # walked after idols -Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# idols - -The Hebrew word translated here as "idols" is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways. - +Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. diff --git a/hos/05/12.md b/hos/05/12.md index bed93d9d60..26f7f58a0c 100644 --- a/hos/05/12.md +++ b/hos/05/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah -A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# moth ... rot - -These two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain. - +A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. diff --git a/hos/05/13.md b/hos/05/13.md index 3982d54722..24cefe82b5 100644 --- a/hos/05/13.md +++ b/hos/05/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound -Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. # then Ephraim went to Assyria, and Judah sent messengers to the great king diff --git a/hos/05/14.md b/hos/05/14.md index 9ff7b8528f..1ddb06d116 100644 --- a/hos/05/14.md +++ b/hos/05/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel. - # So I will be like a lion to Ephraim -Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. # like a young lion to the house of Judah -Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. # I, even I @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his # will tear -As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. diff --git a/hos/05/15.md b/hos/05/15.md index 0d8e7dbc22..c9a49c1618 100644 --- a/hos/05/15.md +++ b/hos/05/15.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Yahweh will leave his rebellious people. # seek my face -Try to come into God's presence by means of worship and sacrifice. Alternate translation: "ask me to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"ask me to pay attention to them" diff --git a/hos/05/intro.md b/hos/05/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 639835d89a..0000000000 --- a/hos/05/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 5 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 5:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/06/01.md b/hos/06/01.md index 5ee4af4995..f780390278 100644 --- a/hos/06/01.md +++ b/hos/06/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -The people of Israel confess their need to repent. - # he has torn us apart ... he has injured us -God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. # he will heal us ... he will bandage our wounds -Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. diff --git a/hos/06/02.md b/hos/06/02.md index d7b6a02fe3..b619d16f90 100644 --- a/hos/06/02.md +++ b/hos/06/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day -This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. # two days ... the third day -"2 days ... day 3" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - +"2 days ... day 3" diff --git a/hos/06/03.md b/hos/06/03.md index 4aa3709389..b8bf88fe52 100644 --- a/hos/06/03.md +++ b/hos/06/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here "know" means not only to learn God's character and laws, but also to become # His coming out is as sure as the dawn -Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. diff --git a/hos/06/04.md b/hos/06/04.md index 7fc4f0a882..4aec3979f0 100644 --- a/hos/06/04.md +++ b/hos/06/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # what will I do with you? -God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. Alternate translation: "it is hard to know what to do with you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"it is hard to know what to do with you!" diff --git a/hos/06/05.md b/hos/06/05.md index be10d967c3..233ffd34a4 100644 --- a/hos/06/05.md +++ b/hos/06/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets -Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called "cutting to pieces," is as sure as the condemnation. # Your judgments are like the light that shines out -Yahweh has judged Ephraim [Hosea 6:4](./04.md) in a way that people can see plainly and cannot avoid. Alternate translation: "The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# Your judgments - -Some modern translations read, "My judgments," referring to the actions Yahweh has taken against Ephraim. +"The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" diff --git a/hos/06/06.md b/hos/06/06.md index 5550318de6..9577748084 100644 --- a/hos/06/06.md +++ b/hos/06/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # For I delight in covenant faithfulness and not sacrifice -This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more" +"For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more" diff --git a/hos/06/07.md b/hos/06/07.md index 004c3fc081..a3cabdd502 100644 --- a/hos/06/07.md +++ b/hos/06/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Like Adam -These words could be 1) a literal reference to Adam, the first man or 2) a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: "Like the people in the city of Adam" or 3) a literal reference to people in general. The word "Adam" means "man" or "humankind." Alternate translation: "Like all of humankind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Like all of humankind" diff --git a/hos/06/08.md b/hos/06/08.md index 3de1b78064..f922a9e00b 100644 --- a/hos/06/08.md +++ b/hos/06/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Gilead is a city ... with footprints of blood -"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Footprints of blood" probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. diff --git a/hos/06/10.md b/hos/06/10.md index 256d5edcc5..71b854aca7 100644 --- a/hos/06/10.md +++ b/hos/06/10.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim's prostitution -Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "prostitution" refers to Ephraim's worship of false gods. # Israel has become unclean diff --git a/hos/06/11.md b/hos/06/11.md index 9be8c1b0d5..a9e7404888 100644 --- a/hos/06/11.md +++ b/hos/06/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # For you also, Judah, a harvest has been appointed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have set a time of harvest for you also, Judah" # harvest -Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "harvest" represents God's final judgment on Israel and Judah. # I will reverse the captivity of my people -"I will reverse the captivity of my people." The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: "I will free my people from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will free my people from those who had captured them" diff --git a/hos/06/intro.md b/hos/06/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 24408a9266..0000000000 --- a/hos/06/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 6 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Change in speaker -There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 6:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/07/01.md b/hos/07/01.md index e8192a2991..6b20a0d4ce 100644 --- a/hos/07/01.md +++ b/hos/07/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I want to heal Israel -Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. # for they practice deceit -The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. # marauding band diff --git a/hos/07/02.md b/hos/07/02.md index 6669ed0ae1..8b935a4c95 100644 --- a/hos/07/02.md +++ b/hos/07/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # their deeds surround them -The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. # they are before my face -Here God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate translation: "and I see it all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"and I see it all" diff --git a/hos/07/03.md b/hos/07/03.md index 2539ae16c6..82537cad84 100644 --- a/hos/07/03.md +++ b/hos/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk. - # by their lies the officials -The missing information can be supplied. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate translation: "by their lies they make the officials glad" or 2) Alternate translation: "by their lies the officials make the king glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"by their lies the officials make the king glad" diff --git a/hos/07/04.md b/hos/07/04.md index 273571561d..5b1fb5d56b 100644 --- a/hos/07/04.md +++ b/hos/07/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # They are all adulterers -The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. # like an oven heated by the baker -This can be stated in active form. This means the people had strong desires to do evil. Alternate translation: "like an oven which the baker heats" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"like an oven which the baker heats" # kneading of the dough diff --git a/hos/07/05.md b/hos/07/05.md index 92040e29a1..e3f37bb27e 100644 --- a/hos/07/05.md +++ b/hos/07/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is perhaps a festival held by the king. # He reached out with his hand -This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. diff --git a/hos/07/06.md b/hos/07/06.md index ae4a0f870a..89ef5a30b3 100644 --- a/hos/07/06.md +++ b/hos/07/06.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king. - # For with hearts like an oven -This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This means like a fire burns in an oven, these people have strong evil desires within them. The people's desires are represented by their "hearts." # Their anger smolders -The word "smolders" means something is burning slowly without a flame. Alternate translation: "Their anger grows slowly and quietly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Their anger grows slowly and quietly" # it burns high like a flaming fire -The intensity of their anger is spoken of as if it was a very hot fire. Alternate translation: "it gets very intense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +"it gets very intense" diff --git a/hos/07/07.md b/hos/07/07.md index 8c3d5ad33e..61d6a13642 100644 --- a/hos/07/07.md +++ b/hos/07/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# They all are as hot as an oven - -This compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # they devour those who rule over them -This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. diff --git a/hos/07/08.md b/hos/07/08.md index 5bb38304c6..929c19e40e 100644 --- a/hos/07/08.md +++ b/hos/07/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack. # Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over -This can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate translation: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over" diff --git a/hos/07/09.md b/hos/07/09.md index 86d58edc24..8272714080 100644 --- a/hos/07/09.md +++ b/hos/07/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Gray hairs are sprinkled on him -Here "gray hairs" represent old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "gray hairs" represent old age. # but he does not know it -However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +However, this "old age" is clearly a way of saying that the northern kingdom is getting weaker and weaker, because the nation does not know it is "old." diff --git a/hos/07/10.md b/hos/07/10.md index 3d0a5429c8..824c1cf955 100644 --- a/hos/07/10.md +++ b/hos/07/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # The pride of Israel testifies against him -This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +This describes "pride" as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. This means their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. # nor have they sought him -Israel's lack of interest in Yahweh is spoken of as if he was lost and they were not trying to find him. Alternate translation: "nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"nor have they tried to get him to pay attention to them" # in spite of all this diff --git a/hos/07/11.md b/hos/07/11.md index faae955d4b..b65b009ece 100644 --- a/hos/07/11.md +++ b/hos/07/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense -Doves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Doves were thought to be foolish birds. # Egypt ... Assyria diff --git a/hos/07/12.md b/hos/07/12.md index 05625b5dac..f9a8ae4082 100644 --- a/hos/07/12.md +++ b/hos/07/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will spread my net over them -This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. # I will bring them down like the birds of the sky -Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he would catch in a net. Alternate translation: "I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"I will hunt them like birds" or "I will catch them like a hunter catches birds" # in their flocking together -This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. Alternate translation: "when they gather together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when they gather together" diff --git a/hos/07/13.md b/hos/07/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/07/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/07/14.md b/hos/07/14.md index 9b8ee6669f..f21e79261d 100644 --- a/hos/07/14.md +++ b/hos/07/14.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # they wail on their beds It was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds. @@ -12,5 +8,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "they slash themselves" to make themselves bleed. # they turn away from me -Here no longer worshiping God is spoken of as turning away from him. Alternate translation: "they no longer worship me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"they no longer worship me" diff --git a/hos/07/15.md b/hos/07/15.md index 9db4694579..aa183a2db1 100644 --- a/hos/07/15.md +++ b/hos/07/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Though I trained them and strengthened their arms -This may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God was training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. diff --git a/hos/07/16.md b/hos/07/16.md index 7a7976a326..b6826a8a9b 100644 --- a/hos/07/16.md +++ b/hos/07/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # They are like a slack bow -That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. # because of the insolence of their tongues -Here "tongue" refers to what the officials say. Alternate translation: "because they insult me" or "because they curse me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because they insult me" or "because they curse me" # This will become their mockery in the land of Egypt -The abstract noun "mockery" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"This is why people in Egypt will mock and laugh at Israel" diff --git a/hos/07/intro.md b/hos/07/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f09c29e3f..0000000000 --- a/hos/07/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 7 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Baking - -Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Israel and Ephraim -This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 7:1](../../hos/07/01.md)__ - -__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/08/01.md b/hos/08/01.md index 2e3ae0eebb..bd202b800c 100644 --- a/hos/08/01.md +++ b/hos/08/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom. - # An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh -The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: "As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people" # broken my covenant -Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "broken" represents "disobeyed," "violated." diff --git a/hos/08/03.md b/hos/08/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/08/04.md b/hos/08/04.md index 000a04838f..63167ebfc9 100644 --- a/hos/08/04.md +++ b/hos/08/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # but it was only so they might be cut off -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but the result will be that I will destroy the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"but the result will be that I will destroy the people" diff --git a/hos/08/05.md b/hos/08/05.md index 8416c43e4a..aec0171954 100644 --- a/hos/08/05.md +++ b/hos/08/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Your calf has been rejected -Possible meanings are 1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has rejected your calf" or 2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: "I myself have rejected your calf" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"I myself have rejected your calf" # Your calf -The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: "Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Because you worship your calf idol, your worship" # My anger is burning against these people -Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I am very angry with these people" # For how long will they be incapable of innocence? -Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) Yahweh is expressing his anger about his people being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." Or 2) he is threatening to punish them soon. Alternate translation: "They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." diff --git a/hos/08/06.md b/hos/08/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0eb9de3e0..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/08/07.md b/hos/08/07.md index 86fab9405a..08ebe39b0d 100644 --- a/hos/08/07.md +++ b/hos/08/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind -To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. # The standing grain has no heads -Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +Here "head" refers to the part of the plant where the grain is. A stalk with no head has nothing to give to the farmer. In the same way, Israel's actions will result in nothing good. # If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it -If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. diff --git a/hos/08/08.md b/hos/08/08.md index f976199b68..b31ceb033f 100644 --- a/hos/08/08.md +++ b/hos/08/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Israel is swallowed up -"swallowed" means to be defeated and taken into exile. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The enemies of Israel have taken the Israelites away to other lands" diff --git a/hos/08/09.md b/hos/08/09.md index e5aecdf01b..530354d5c7 100644 --- a/hos/08/09.md +++ b/hos/08/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # like a wild donkey all alone -People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. # Ephraim has hired lovers for herself -Ephraim's alliances with other nations are spoken of as if they had paid them to become prostitutes for Ephraim. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"The people of Israel have tried to pay other nations to protect them" diff --git a/hos/08/11.md b/hos/08/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0eb9de3e0..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/08/12.md b/hos/08/12.md index 4e5017acf8..81ec1a4880 100644 --- a/hos/08/12.md +++ b/hos/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # I could write down my law for them ten thousand times, but they would -Ten thousand is a very large number. It did not matter how many times God might give the law to the people of Israel; they would view it as strange to them. Alternate translation: "Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]] - -# ten thousand - -"10,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) +"Even if I wrote down my law for them very many times, they would" # they would view it as something strange to them diff --git a/hos/08/13.md b/hos/08/13.md index 57e565d58a..1cae2d63b9 100644 --- a/hos/08/13.md +++ b/hos/08/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # They will return to Egypt Because of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians. diff --git a/hos/08/14.md b/hos/08/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/08/intro.md b/hos/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7384bbf0f6..0000000000 --- a/hos/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 8 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues to use the poetic form to communicate several other ways the people of Israel have sinned against God. First, Yahweh notes that they have set up a king without consulting him. -Next, they set up or reinstalled the golden calves of Samaria. Last, they were seeking help from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -This chapter contains some references to the "calf of Samaria." This most likely refers to an image that was set up by an earlier king of Israel. He did this in order to discourage his people from going to Jerusalem, which was part of the southern kingdom of Judah. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/09/01.md b/hos/09/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index bd554aa982..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - diff --git a/hos/09/02.md b/hos/09/02.md index 9defa6a1fa..8f586f445f 100644 --- a/hos/09/02.md +++ b/hos/09/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them -This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. # the new wine will fail them diff --git a/hos/09/03.md b/hos/09/03.md index fda109362e..3ecea01773 100644 --- a/hos/09/03.md +++ b/hos/09/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Yahweh's land This expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites. # unclean food -This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/09/04.md b/hos/09/04.md index e6abcb19ac..4244e80555 100644 --- a/hos/09/04.md +++ b/hos/09/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Their sacrifices will be to them like mourners' food -Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Here "mourners' food" refers to what people would eat while they mourning because they were defiled and not acceptable to God. This means Yahweh will consider the people's sacrifices to be defiled and he will not accept them. # For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of Yahweh -The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. - -# it will not come into the house of Yahweh - -The unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) - +The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/09/05.md b/hos/09/05.md index dc959ba7fe..c60028ad0a 100644 --- a/hos/09/05.md +++ b/hos/09/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # What will you do on the day of an appointed festival, on the day of a festival for Yahweh? -Hosea uses this question to emphasize that the people will no longer be able to observe their festivals when their enemies defeat them and take them captive. Alternate translation: "You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for Yahweh - -Both of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"You will not be able to celebrate the festivals that Yahweh appointed for you." diff --git a/hos/09/06.md b/hos/09/06.md index dc054ecbfb..f1c182bfd4 100644 --- a/hos/09/06.md +++ b/hos/09/06.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # if they escape -Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this is second person. Alternate translation: "if you escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"if you escape" # Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them -Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" # As for their precious things of silver—sharp briers will possess them -Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents - -Here "sharp briers" and "thorns" mean the same thing. To have briers and thorns growing represents a land that has become desolate and like a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" # their tents -Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tents" represents the Israelites' homes. diff --git a/hos/09/07.md b/hos/09/07.md index 9bab8025e1..94e31d31c6 100644 --- a/hos/09/07.md +++ b/hos/09/07.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming -Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. # The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane -These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane - -Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. # because of your abundant iniquity and great hostility -The phrases "abundant iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. diff --git a/hos/09/08.md b/hos/09/08.md index 04856c15e4..57f8911918 100644 --- a/hos/09/08.md +++ b/hos/09/08.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim -A "watchman" watches outside his city to see if danger is coming. The prophet warning the people when they are sinning and are in danger of having his God punish them is spoken of as if he were a watchman for the city. Alternate translation: "The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The prophet is the watchman for my God over Ephraim - -Some versions translate this passage as "The prophet with my God is the watchman over Ephraim." - -# The prophet is - -This refers to prophets in general that God has appointed. Alternate translation: "Prophets are" or "True prophets are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun]]) +"The prophet is like a watchman for God over Ephraim" # Ephraim -Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. # a bird snare is on all of his paths -A "bird snare" is a trap used to catch a bird. This means the people of Israel do whatever they can to stop God's prophet. Alternate translation: "the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"the people set a trap for him wherever he goes" or "the people do all they can to harm him" diff --git a/hos/09/10.md b/hos/09/10.md index cb5e817c06..fc6ad4c149 100644 --- a/hos/09/10.md +++ b/hos/09/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # When I found Israel This refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people. # it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig tree -Both of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. # Baal Peor -This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. diff --git a/hos/09/11.md b/hos/09/11.md index b774e125c9..aeecc2e2f5 100644 --- a/hos/09/11.md +++ b/hos/09/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # their glory will fly away like a bird -The people of Ephraim, or the northern kingdom of Israel, will lose everything that makes other nations respect them. Their glory will quickly disappear, as a bird flies away. Alternate translation: "their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"their glory will be like a bird that flies away from them" diff --git a/hos/09/12.md b/hos/09/12.md index 3915eb9f1b..d630f1fe16 100644 --- a/hos/09/12.md +++ b/hos/09/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # when I turn away from them -When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. diff --git a/hos/09/13.md b/hos/09/13.md index 4e75843841..3c7d786b6d 100644 --- a/hos/09/13.md +++ b/hos/09/13.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # I have seen Ephraim, just like Tyre, planted in a meadow -This speaks of the people being in a safe place as if they were a tree planted in a peaceful meadow. Alternate translation: "The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The nation of Israel was once beautiful and pleasant like the city of Tyre, like a tree that someone plants in a meadow" # Ephraim ... Tyre -Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them. # but Ephraim will bring out his children -The word "children" are the people from that nation. Alternate translation: "but the people of Israel will bring out their children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"but the people of Israel will bring out their children" diff --git a/hos/09/14.md b/hos/09/14.md index 10a57117eb..09c45361aa 100644 --- a/hos/09/14.md +++ b/hos/09/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Give them, Yahweh—what will you give them? Give them -Hosea uses a question to emphasize that he wants Yahweh to give the people of Israel what they deserve. Alternate translation: "This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"This is what I ask you, Yahweh, to give them: give them" # a miscarrying womb diff --git a/hos/09/15.md b/hos/09/15.md index 9208757c47..f83c32e717 100644 --- a/hos/09/15.md +++ b/hos/09/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will drive them out of my house -Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Yahweh is stating that he will force Israel out of his land, the land of Canaan. Here "my house" represents Canaan. # their officials diff --git a/hos/09/16.md b/hos/09/16.md index 66ac06464d..1e883242cd 100644 --- a/hos/09/16.md +++ b/hos/09/16.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17. - # Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit -Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. diff --git a/hos/09/17.md b/hos/09/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/09/intro.md b/hos/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 448069c72e..0000000000 --- a/hos/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 9 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Exile -Because the covenant has been broken, the people will be exiled into another land. This actually shows the mercy of God toward his people. He did not destroy them; he simply moved them to another place. However, this chapter goes into detail about many parts of their society to show how far they have moved away from truly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Change in speaker -In verse 16, Yahweh is speaking; but in verse 17, Hosea starts speaking. There is a change in pronouns; the use of "my God" must imply that someone other than Yahweh is speaking. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/10/01.md b/hos/10/01.md index 3006bf006b..56032d157c 100644 --- a/hos/10/01.md +++ b/hos/10/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit -Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a luxuriant vine - -This vine produces more fruit than normal. +Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. # As his fruit increased ... As his land produced more diff --git a/hos/10/02.md b/hos/10/02.md index 14a8fb0f57..a6ec1da28f 100644 --- a/hos/10/02.md +++ b/hos/10/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Their heart is deceitful -The "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. Alternate translation: "They are deceitful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"They are deceitful" # now they must bear their guilt -Here "guilt" is a metonym for the punishment that is associated with it. This punishment is spoken of as if it was a heavy load for them to carry. Alternate translation: "now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"now is the time that Yahweh will punish them for their sins" diff --git a/hos/10/03.md b/hos/10/03.md index c97ef3e7ba..034a6ed443 100644 --- a/hos/10/03.md +++ b/hos/10/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # and a king—what could he do for us? -The people wills say that their kings could not have helped them. Alternate translation: "Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Even if we had a king now, he could not help us." diff --git a/hos/10/04.md b/hos/10/04.md index ef6992677e..9c4dfae78f 100644 --- a/hos/10/04.md +++ b/hos/10/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # They speak empty words -Here "empty words" refers to lies. Alternate translation: "They speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"They speak lies" # So justice springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -What they people called justice in their laws and legal decisions is spoken of as if it were a plant sprouting up. Alternate translation: "So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"So their decisions are not just; instead, they are harmful" # like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field -Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. diff --git a/hos/10/05.md b/hos/10/05.md index c2812c4c28..c410bfc7f0 100644 --- a/hos/10/05.md +++ b/hos/10/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking about Israel. - # Beth Aven -This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. diff --git a/hos/10/06.md b/hos/10/06.md index d68b54b9fd..30b7cc90fa 100644 --- a/hos/10/06.md +++ b/hos/10/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They will be carried to Assyria -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will carry them away" # the great king @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some modern translations read, "King Jareb." # Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" # its idol diff --git a/hos/10/07.md b/hos/10/07.md index 6d11c8ee7f..616c3506ec 100644 --- a/hos/10/07.md +++ b/hos/10/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Samaria's king will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will destroy the king of Samaria" # like a chip of wood on the surface of the water -This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. diff --git a/hos/10/08.md b/hos/10/08.md index 4f2582ceff..b4fb42e14b 100644 --- a/hos/10/08.md +++ b/hos/10/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The high places of wickedness will be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The Assyrians will destroy Israel's high places, where the people acted very wickedly" # The people will say to the mountains, "Cover us!" and to the hills, "Fall on us!" -People do not normally speak to things that cannot think or hear them. Translators may choose to have a different format for this passage if their languages do not allow such speech. Alternate translation: "The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"The people will say, 'We wish the mountains would cover us!' and 'We wish the hills would fall on us!'" diff --git a/hos/10/09.md b/hos/10/09.md index 99c490ce39..a30506ad62 100644 --- a/hos/10/09.md +++ b/hos/10/09.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # days of Gibeah -This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md). +This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. # there you have remained -This passage probably means that the people of the present time continue to act in the same ways that their ancestors did at Gibeah. Alternate translation: "and you think just as they did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"and you think just as they did" # Will not war overtake the sons of wrong in Gibeah? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that those in Gibeah who do wrong will certainly have to endure war. And this speaks of the people having to endure war when their enemies come as if war were a person that would catch up with them. Alternate translation: "War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"War will certainly come on those who do wrong in Gibeah." or "Enemies will certainly attack those who do wrong in Gibeah." # the sons of wrong -Here "son of" is an idiom that means "having the characteristic of." Alternate translation: "those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"those who do wrong" or "the evildoers" diff --git a/hos/10/10.md b/hos/10/10.md index f9f83ae1a7..1b8c3efc88 100644 --- a/hos/10/10.md +++ b/hos/10/10.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # double iniquity This refers to the many sins of Israel. diff --git a/hos/10/11.md b/hos/10/11.md index af5913477c..817d00f1a2 100644 --- a/hos/10/11.md +++ b/hos/10/11.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh -A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. # I will put a yoke on her fair neck. I will put a yoke on Ephraim -Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. # her fair neck -The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. # Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself -Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. # harrow diff --git a/hos/10/12.md b/hos/10/12.md index bee6c8bae7..fed1fef99c 100644 --- a/hos/10/12.md +++ b/hos/10/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Sow righteousness for yourselves, and reap the fruit of covenant faithfulness -Righteousness and covenant faithfulness are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. The abstract nouns "righteousness" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "right" and "faithful." Alternate translation: "Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Plow, now, and do what is right, and you will reap the fruit of faithful love" # Break up your unplowed ground -When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +When the ground is "unplowed" it is not ready to be planted. Yahweh means he wants the people to repent so they can start doing what is right. diff --git a/hos/10/13.md b/hos/10/13.md index c879cccd8f..fc98890294 100644 --- a/hos/10/13.md +++ b/hos/10/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice -Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. # You have eaten the fruit of deception -The result of deception are spoken of as if they were a food that could be eaten. Alternate translation: "You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"You now suffer the consequences of having deceived each other" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/10/14.md b/hos/10/14.md index a1758d2e8c..e80bd6c6eb 100644 --- a/hos/10/14.md +++ b/hos/10/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The coming war is being compared to a battle long ago. # Shalman -This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. # Beth Arbel -This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. diff --git a/hos/10/15.md b/hos/10/15.md index e986817bcc..4d513bd60d 100644 --- a/hos/10/15.md +++ b/hos/10/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # So it will happen to you, Bethel, because of your great wickedness -Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +Here "Bethel" represents the people who live there. The prophet addresses the people of Bethel as if they were there listening to him. diff --git a/hos/10/intro.md b/hos/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index e59b579347..0000000000 --- a/hos/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in poetic form and continues the theme of Israel's many sins against Yahweh. Even though Israel prospered for a time as they multiplied their sins, Yahweh was leading them toward destruction. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -Yahweh's relationship to his people was not based on his people's actions. Even though they rebelled, Yahweh still desired to rescue them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Jacob - -The repeated use of different names for the two kingdoms can be confusing. In verse 11, "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel, and "Judah" refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. However, Jacob is also mentioned. This use of "Jacob" makes us think of the earlier unified nation and may also refer to a future unified nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/11/01.md b/hos/11/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2252d1fe69..0000000000 --- a/hos/11/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child. - -# When Israel was a young man - -Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# I called my son out of Egypt - -"son" refers to the people of God the Father. Alternate translation: "I led my son out of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/hos/11/02.md b/hos/11/02.md index bc220945a0..cb2be6e573 100644 --- a/hos/11/02.md +++ b/hos/11/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The more they were called, the more they went away from me -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"The more I called them to be my people, the more they refused me" diff --git a/hos/11/03.md b/hos/11/03.md index 70d8725038..6228a1415e 100644 --- a/hos/11/03.md +++ b/hos/11/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel. - # it was I who taught Ephraim to walk -Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. # lifted them up by their arms -This expression continues the metaphor. Alternate translation: "took care of them" +"took care of them" diff --git a/hos/11/04.md b/hos/11/04.md index e0bd297f0a..7591937103 100644 --- a/hos/11/04.md +++ b/hos/11/04.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love -Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. # I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws -Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. # I bent down to them and fed them diff --git a/hos/11/05.md b/hos/11/05.md index 8c0ff9a7fb..3d9e853652 100644 --- a/hos/11/05.md +++ b/hos/11/05.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # Will they not return to the land of Egypt? -This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. # Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me? -The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/11/06.md b/hos/11/06.md index 599c4e9b60..bca5a5868e 100644 --- a/hos/11/06.md +++ b/hos/11/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # The sword will fall on their cities -Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "sword" represents the enemies of Israel who will destroy Israel's cities. # destroy the bars of their gates -Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. diff --git a/hos/11/07.md b/hos/11/07.md index 47d1ff689f..639c4d2599 100644 --- a/hos/11/07.md +++ b/hos/11/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Though they call to the Most High -Here God is speaking about himself in the third person. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "Though they call to me, the Most High" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"Though they call to me, the Most High" # no one will help them diff --git a/hos/11/08.md b/hos/11/08.md index 8e12db9ae4..a98129e457 100644 --- a/hos/11/08.md +++ b/hos/11/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about Israel. - # How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? -Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I will not give you up, Ephraim. I will not hand you over, Israel." # How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboyim? -Yahweh loves his people so much that he will not totally destroy them. These questions may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"I do not want to act toward you as I acted toward Admah or make you like Zeboyim—cities that I destroyed along with Sodom" # My heart has changed within me -Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "heart" represents God's will and decisions. diff --git a/hos/11/09.md b/hos/11/09.md index 72f4a354fd..c8fba32b9c 100644 --- a/hos/11/09.md +++ b/hos/11/09.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge. # I will not come in wrath -The abstract noun "wrath" can be stated as the adjective "angry." Alternate translation: "I will not come to you and be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will not come to you and be angry with you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/11/10.md b/hos/11/10.md index 6d69397f66..6baa1701af 100644 --- a/hos/11/10.md +++ b/hos/11/10.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people. - # They will follow Yahweh -Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him # he will roar like a lion -Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. diff --git a/hos/11/11.md b/hos/11/11.md index ff9899ad32..15b7e7151f 100644 --- a/hos/11/11.md +++ b/hos/11/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # They will come trembling like a bird ... like a dove -They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +They will come home quickly as a bird returns to its nest. "Trembling" may refer to the fluttering of a bird's wings. It may also signal the people's feelings of humility and reverence for God # the declaration of Yahweh -"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:13](../02/13.md). - +"what Yahweh has declared" or "what Yahweh has solemnly said." diff --git a/hos/11/12.md b/hos/11/12.md index 0d2cac9025..aa40d7f591 100644 --- a/hos/11/12.md +++ b/hos/11/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah. - # Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit -Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. # But Judah is still going about with God and is faithful to the Holy One @@ -12,9 +8,8 @@ Many modern translations read, "And Judah is rebelling against God and against t # Judah is ... is -Here "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah are ... are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Judah are ... are" # God and ... the Holy One -Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: "me, God, and ... me, the Holy One" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"me, God, and ... me, the Holy One" diff --git a/hos/11/intro.md b/hos/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index d585d3ca87..0000000000 --- a/hos/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -#### Rhetorical question - -Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/12/01.md b/hos/12/01.md index 6f4ffd137a..eb430abf00 100644 --- a/hos/12/01.md +++ b/hos/12/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Ephraim feeds on the wind -Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind. # follows after the east wind -East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. # carry olive oil to Egypt diff --git a/hos/12/02.md b/hos/12/02.md index 41505a4993..67029ad3a7 100644 --- a/hos/12/02.md +++ b/hos/12/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # Yahweh also has a lawsuit against Judah -Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. # against Judah ... punish Jacob for what he has done ... repay him for his deeds -Here "Judah" and "Jacob" both represent the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# lawsuit - -This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md). - +"against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/03.md b/hos/12/03.md index 02e4e4be31..5df2453f7f 100644 --- a/hos/12/03.md +++ b/hos/12/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites. - # In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel -Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. diff --git a/hos/12/04.md b/hos/12/04.md index f360b00224..45e8c55b67 100644 --- a/hos/12/04.md +++ b/hos/12/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # He struggled with the angel and won -Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. diff --git a/hos/12/05.md b/hos/12/05.md index fcb18f69e5..79ffd5adf4 100644 --- a/hos/12/05.md +++ b/hos/12/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # is his name to be called on -This can be stated in active form. Here "name" represents the entire character of God. Alternate translation: "is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"is his name to which we pray" or "is his name by which we worship him" diff --git a/hos/12/07.md b/hos/12/07.md index b92a5f5de9..d5aad7778c 100644 --- a/hos/12/07.md +++ b/hos/12/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel. - # The merchants have deceitful scales in their hands -The phrase "deceitful scales" is a metonym for the merchants who use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling so that they can get higher prices for what they sell and lower prices for what they buy. Alternate translation: "These deceitful merchants use the scales in their hands to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"These deceitful merchants use the scales in their hands to deceive people" # they love to defraud diff --git a/hos/12/08.md b/hos/12/08.md index b25633f02d..f7a5a98bbd 100644 --- a/hos/12/08.md +++ b/hos/12/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself - -These two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # I have found wealth -Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. Alternate translation: "I have made much money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I have made much money" # they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin -These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. Alternate translation: "they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will not discover that I have done anything sinful" diff --git a/hos/12/09.md b/hos/12/09.md index dd228a1ea7..7a1ede42a0 100644 --- a/hos/12/09.md +++ b/hos/12/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are 1) "I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt" or 2) "I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt" or 3) "I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt" # I will again make you live in tents -Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to "live in tents" would represent being sent into exile, or 2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here "to live in tents" would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. diff --git a/hos/12/10.md b/hos/12/10.md index 3381c688d6..7c08514a69 100644 --- a/hos/12/10.md +++ b/hos/12/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # By the hand of the prophets -Here "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate translation: "Through the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"Through the prophets" diff --git a/hos/12/11.md b/hos/12/11.md index 73339b1a64..6a255fe458 100644 --- a/hos/12/11.md +++ b/hos/12/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields -The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. diff --git a/hos/12/13.md b/hos/12/13.md index 8329a2c763..14660136e0 100644 --- a/hos/12/13.md +++ b/hos/12/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # by a prophet That is, Moses. diff --git a/hos/12/14.md b/hos/12/14.md index b3a7ec6767..be06eb756b 100644 --- a/hos/12/14.md +++ b/hos/12/14.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ The anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great. # So his Lord will leave his blood on him -Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "blood" refers to the guilt incurred by people who murder others. God will not forgive their sins. # will turn back on him his disgrace -The idea of making someone suffer the results of his own actions is spoken of as if those actions were objects that were thrown back at him. Alternate translation: "will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"will make him suffer from his own disgraceful actions" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/12/intro.md b/hos/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 08c7d03aed..0000000000 --- a/hos/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 12 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Jacob - -There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/13/01.md b/hos/13/01.md index 50a5a43cae..2a78e2f921 100644 --- a/hos/13/01.md +++ b/hos/13/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # When Ephraim spoke -Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time. # there was trembling -It is understood that people were trembling because they were afraid of Ephraim. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "there was trembling among the people" or "people trembled in fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]) +"there was trembling among the people" or "people trembled in fear" # He exalted himself in Israel -Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "exalting" means to make oneself important. # but he became guilty because of Baal worship, and he died -When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +When the people of Ephraim began worshiping Baal, they grew weak, and their enemies defeated them. Here "died" refers to the nation growing weak. diff --git a/hos/13/02.md b/hos/13/02.md index 04749d7bda..7437b0d11f 100644 --- a/hos/13/02.md +++ b/hos/13/02.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ Here "they" refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the entire nation of Israel, who # These men who sacrifice kiss calves -Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. diff --git a/hos/13/03.md b/hos/13/03.md index b822f9387a..0010450c05 100644 --- a/hos/13/03.md +++ b/hos/13/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimney -These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. # that is driven by the wind away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the wind blows away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"that the wind blows away" diff --git a/hos/13/04.md b/hos/13/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29e365fc6e..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own. - diff --git a/hos/13/06.md b/hos/13/06.md index e605f37aa5..1660d7cfc9 100644 --- a/hos/13/06.md +++ b/hos/13/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ The image of sheep is continued with this expression. # your heart became lifted up -Becoming arrogant is spoken of as one's heart being lifted up. Alternate translation: "you became proud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"you became proud" diff --git a/hos/13/07.md b/hos/13/07.md index 124b2b7c5d..78d3c28eeb 100644 --- a/hos/13/07.md +++ b/hos/13/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # like a lion ... like a leopard -These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. diff --git a/hos/13/08.md b/hos/13/08.md index 91dec97571..5ad2f50afa 100644 --- a/hos/13/08.md +++ b/hos/13/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beast - -These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - # as a bear that is robbed of her cubs -The words "would attack" are left out because they are understood. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"like a bear would attack an animal that takes her cubs" # as a lion -The words "would devour them" are left out because they are understood. Alternate translation: "as a lion would devour them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"as a lion would devour them" diff --git a/hos/13/09.md b/hos/13/09.md index 9caaa43d15..8bbd59f914 100644 --- a/hos/13/09.md +++ b/hos/13/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # who will be able to help you? -Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that no one will be able to help the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "there will be no on able to help you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"there will be no on able to help you." diff --git a/hos/13/10.md b/hos/13/10.md index 88080adcf6..2f9045a043 100644 --- a/hos/13/10.md +++ b/hos/13/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'? -Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. diff --git a/hos/13/11.md b/hos/13/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/hos/13/12.md b/hos/13/12.md index 4e78257176..c4402c4cd6 100644 --- a/hos/13/12.md +++ b/hos/13/12.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Ephraim's iniquity -Possible meanings are 1) the word "iniquity" refers to the actual acts of iniquity, or 2) it is a metonym for the guilt that God attaches to iniquity, or 3) it is a metonym for the punishment God will give for that iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the word "iniquity" refers to the actual acts of iniquity, or 2) the guilt that God attaches to iniquity, or 3) the punishment God will give for that iniquity. # has been bound up -Yahweh speaks of his own remembering Ephraim's iniquity as if he were a scribe who had written down a record of them, rolled up the scroll, bound it, and put it away so he could show it to people in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of his own remembering Ephraim's iniquity as if he were a scribe who had written down a record of them, rolled up the scroll, bound it, and put it away so he could show it to people in the future. # his sin has been stored up -Ephraim's guilt is spoken of as if it were a solid object that a person could store for later use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# his sin - -Possible meanings are 1) the word "sin" refers to the actual acts of sin, or 2) it is a metonym for the guilt that God attaches to sin, or 3) it is a metonym for the punishment God will give for that sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Ephraim's guilt is spoken of as if it were a solid object that a person could store for later use. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/13/13.md b/hos/13/13.md index d7bc993c31..ebd0f27134 100644 --- a/hos/13/13.md +++ b/hos/13/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Pains of childbirth will come on him -Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. # but he is not a wise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb -Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/13/14.md b/hos/13/14.md index a4651e2781..29f6e58545 100644 --- a/hos/13/14.md +++ b/hos/13/14.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # Will I rescue them from the hand of Sheol? Will I rescue them from death? -Yahweh uses these questions to tell the people of Israel that he is not going to save them from dying. He will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: "I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"I will certainly not rescue them from death and from going down to Sheol." # Where, death, are your plagues? Where, Sheol, is your destruction? -Yahweh speaks to "death" and "Sheol" as if they were people. Yahweh uses questions to say that he will destroy the people soon. Alternate translation: "Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Now I will cause plagues and let the people of Israel die. I will destroy them and send them to Sheol." # Compassion is hidden from my eyes -Not to think about having compassion is spoken of as if compassion were hidden so that it cannot be seen. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I have no compassion for them" or "I will not be compassionate towards them" diff --git a/hos/13/15.md b/hos/13/15.md index fbebe60e79..23e4d708fc 100644 --- a/hos/13/15.md +++ b/hos/13/15.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # his brothers -This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. # an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh -A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. # Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water -Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. # his storehouse -This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. diff --git a/hos/13/16.md b/hos/13/16.md index 55d6bdda25..952f272a1e 100644 --- a/hos/13/16.md +++ b/hos/13/16.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Samaria will be guilty, for she has rebelled against her God -Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "Samaria" refers to the people in the city of Samaria who are guilty of rebelling against God. # They will fall -Here to "fall" represents dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]]) +Here to "fall" represents dying. # by the sword -Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who used swords in battle. # their young children will be dashed to pieces, and their pregnant women will be ripped open -These phrases can be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: "the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the enemy will dash their young children to pieces, and they will rip open the pregnant women" diff --git a/hos/13/intro.md b/hos/13/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 19a7132aa3..0000000000 --- a/hos/13/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 13 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter uses poetry to communicate Yahweh's disgust and anger with the northern kingdom of Israel. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -"Israel" and "Ephraim" are terms used to speak about the people of the northern kingdom. Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - -This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly decimated as a people. They will no longer exist as a nation. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical question - -Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 13:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/hos/14/01.md b/hos/14/01.md index bee90b95ed..c39fed1b66 100644 --- a/hos/14/01.md +++ b/hos/14/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # for you have stumbled because of your iniquity -The people sinning is spoken of here as if they were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +The people sinning is spoken of here as if they were stumbling. diff --git a/hos/14/02.md b/hos/14/02.md index 5496c96473..e8a21c9b14 100644 --- a/hos/14/02.md +++ b/hos/14/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Take with you words -This probably means words of confession and praise. Alternate translation: "Confess your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Confess your sins" # the fruit of our lips -What a person says is called the fruit of his lips. Modern versions have different translations of this difficult passage. Alternate translation: "our words and songs of praise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"our words and songs of praise" diff --git a/hos/14/03.md b/hos/14/03.md index 98ba73742b..87969e545d 100644 --- a/hos/14/03.md +++ b/hos/14/03.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea is speaking - # to the work of our hands -Here people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. Alternate translation: "to the idols we made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"to the idols we made" # the orphan @@ -12,5 +8,5 @@ This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormou # finds compassion -Here the act of God having compassion is spoken of as if it were an object that someone experiencing that compassion had found. The abstract noun "compassion" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: "finds one who is compassionate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"finds one who is compassionate" diff --git a/hos/14/04.md b/hos/14/04.md index e3cf8d2a85..2941ccec9f 100644 --- a/hos/14/04.md +++ b/hos/14/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # I will heal their apostasy -Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. diff --git a/hos/14/05.md b/hos/14/05.md index 8d43b3fd7f..70ca2bf1e1 100644 --- a/hos/14/05.md +++ b/hos/14/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily -God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. # take root like a cedar in Lebanon -The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. diff --git a/hos/14/06.md b/hos/14/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 213e4f634d..0000000000 --- a/hos/14/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in Lebanon - -This passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - diff --git a/hos/14/07.md b/hos/14/07.md index 9402f69fc6..f6721099d0 100644 --- a/hos/14/07.md +++ b/hos/14/07.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh is speaking. - # The people who live in his shade will return -The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# they will revive like grain and blossom like vines - -Israel's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. # His fame will be like the wine of Lebanon -Just as Lebanon's wine was famous, so Israel will be famous. Alternate translation: "People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"People everywhere will know about the nation of Israel" diff --git a/hos/14/08.md b/hos/14/08.md index 774fbddaf5..921a05223a 100644 --- a/hos/14/08.md +++ b/hos/14/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # what more have I to do with idols? -This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. # a cypress whose leaves are always green -A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. # from me comes your fruit -Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "fruit" represents every good thing that comes from Yahweh. diff --git a/hos/14/09.md b/hos/14/09.md index 6dbc0446b0..db13a23102 100644 --- a/hos/14/09.md +++ b/hos/14/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Hosea the prophet is speaking. - # Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them? -The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. # For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in them -Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. # stumble -Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. diff --git a/hos/14/intro.md b/hos/14/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7aea7619a2..0000000000 --- a/hos/14/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Hosea 14 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Speaker -The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them. -There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking. - -## Links: - -* __[Hosea 14:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/hos/front/intro.md b/hos/front/intro.md index fcfa25c8ef..cbc163bd97 100644 --- a/hos/front/intro.md +++ b/hos/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Hosea -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of Hosea 1. God tells Hosea to marry Gomer as a picture of how Israel relates to Yahweh (1:1–3:5) @@ -23,39 +21,7 @@ This book contains the prophecies of Hosea, son of Beeri. Hosea lived in the nor Hosea began to prophesy around 753 B.C., just before King Jeroboam II died. At this time, the kingdom of Israel was prosperous but spiritually weak. Hosea warned how Yahweh would punish Israel unless the people turned back to Yahweh and were faithful to him. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -This book is traditionally named "The Book of Hosea" or just "Hosea." Translators may also call it "The Book About Hosea" or "The Sayings of Hosea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Hosea? -Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wrote the book himself. It was probably written after Samaria, the capital of the norther kingdom, was destroyed in 721 B.C. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? - -God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) - -### What is a lawsuit? - -Many cultures have a process for resolving disputes through law courts. These legal disputes are called lawsuits. The Book of Hosea contains some legal terms. This is because Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a husband accusing his wife in court of being unfaithful to him. Part of the Book of Hosea follows the form of a lawsuit. A problem is identified (4:1), someone is accused (4:4), someone is found guilty (4:15), and the guilty ones will be punished (5:1). - -### Who did the people of the kingdom of Israel worship? - -Israel was supposed to worship Yahweh alone. But they worshiped both Yahweh and the Canaanite gods such as Baal. This was a major reason why Yahweh judged the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What does the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" mean? - -The prophet used the phrase "the declaration of Yahweh" to mark a message as truly coming from God. - -### Why are English translations of Hosea very different? - -Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyond how we currently understand the Hebrew language. Many English versions have translated these difficult sections very differently. - -### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? - -In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]]) +Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wrote the book himself. It was probably written after Samaria, the capital of the norther kingdom, was destroyed in 721 B.C. diff --git a/jol/01/01.md b/jol/01/01.md index 4456de2f09..ec22caada6 100644 --- a/jol/01/01.md +++ b/jol/01/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # the word of Yahweh that came to Joel -This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Joel. Alternate translation: "the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"the message Yahweh gave to Joel" or "the message Yahweh spoke to Joel" # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # Pethuel -Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +Joel's father diff --git a/jol/01/02.md b/jol/01/02.md index e465197864..e2d6aa8f2c 100644 --- a/jol/01/02.md +++ b/jol/01/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors? -Joel is preparing the elders to listen to what he has to say. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Nothing like this has ever happened before either to you or to your ancestors" diff --git a/jol/01/03.md b/jol/01/03.md index fc18f2e493..081c5b3527 100644 --- a/jol/01/03.md +++ b/jol/01/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # their children the next generation -You may need to fill in the words that have been left out. Alternate translation: "let their children tell the generation after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"let their children tell the generation after them" diff --git a/jol/01/04.md b/jol/01/04.md index ca3d4204b1..4527c36e91 100644 --- a/jol/01/04.md +++ b/jol/01/04.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the swarming locust -large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops # swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar diff --git a/jol/01/05.md b/jol/01/05.md index 6c521a7c5f..0f639c7a28 100644 --- a/jol/01/05.md +++ b/jol/01/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army. - # you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine -If your language has only one word for "weep" and "wail," you can combine the lines: "you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow" diff --git a/jol/01/06.md b/jol/01/06.md index 52524d572c..12e9da53e4 100644 --- a/jol/01/06.md +++ b/jol/01/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a nation -The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The locust swarm is like an invading army. # His teeth ... he has the teeth @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nat # His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness. -These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. # my land diff --git a/jol/01/07.md b/jol/01/07.md index 8bea2128c3..920e9dc6c5 100644 --- a/jol/01/07.md +++ b/jol/01/07.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# He has made ... He has stripped - -The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as "it," or to the locusts as "they," or to the invader as one person. - # my vineyard ... my fig tree Yahweh's vineyard and fig tree diff --git a/jol/01/08.md b/jol/01/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e167ecc99c..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues speaking to the people of Israel. - diff --git a/jol/01/09.md b/jol/01/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/01/10.md b/jol/01/10.md index 8e3c46da3f..6275e2499b 100644 --- a/jol/01/10.md +++ b/jol/01/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the ground is mourning -Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: "the farmers are mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"the farmers are mourning" # the grain has been destroyed -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"the locusts have destroyed all of the grain" diff --git a/jol/01/11.md b/jol/01/11.md index 117fc36cd8..50d2af843b 100644 --- a/jol/01/11.md +++ b/jol/01/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # barley -a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - +a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread diff --git a/jol/01/12.md b/jol/01/12.md index 7e38f3ba98..96d47e3501 100644 --- a/jol/01/12.md +++ b/jol/01/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ dried up and died # fig ... pomegranate ... apple -different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - +different types of fruit diff --git a/jol/01/13.md b/jol/01/13.md index dc6a5eee58..e307938b3e 100644 --- a/jol/01/13.md +++ b/jol/01/13.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God speaks to the priests in Israel - # the grain offering and the drink offering regular offerings in the temple diff --git a/jol/01/15.md b/jol/01/15.md index a3b4dc8955..1f75244e4b 100644 --- a/jol/01/15.md +++ b/jol/01/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -This is what God is telling the priests to say. - # With it will come destruction from the Almighty -The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: "On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies" diff --git a/jol/01/16.md b/jol/01/16.md index 6a0876e9c9..aaf79d11b3 100644 --- a/jol/01/16.md +++ b/jol/01/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God? -It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God." # from before our eyes -"from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from us." This refers to all of the nation of Israel. # joy and gladness from the house of our God -You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: "joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# joy and gladness - -These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/18.md b/jol/01/18.md index bb19c49edf..0884bfb280 100644 --- a/jol/01/18.md +++ b/jol/01/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel. - # groan make a deep sound because of pain diff --git a/jol/01/19.md b/jol/01/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/01/intro.md b/jol/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 586969940f..0000000000 --- a/jol/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULB is written in poetic form, but the UDB has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Locusts -This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. - -It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical Questions -The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Joel intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/jol/02/01.md b/jol/02/01.md index ab040eed04..5fa4b3f8f9 100644 --- a/jol/02/01.md +++ b/jol/02/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# Blow the ram's horn ... sound an alarm +# # Blow the ram's horn ... sound an alarm Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming. diff --git a/jol/02/02.md b/jol/02/02.md index 0165a934d5..2d6fede88e 100644 --- a/jol/02/02.md +++ b/jol/02/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # day of darkness and gloom -The words "darkness" and "gloom" share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: "day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"day that is full of darkness" or "day of terrible judgment" # gloom @@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ total or partial darkness # day of clouds and thick darkness -This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both "clouds" and "thick darkness" refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: "day full of dark storm clouds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"day full of dark storm clouds" # Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching -When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: "A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun" # a large and mighty army -The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +The words "large" and "mighty" share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word "army" could possibly be 1) it could stand for a swarm of locusts or 2) referring to a human army. diff --git a/jol/02/03.md b/jol/02/03.md index 46efc4824b..25fb279d40 100644 --- a/jol/02/03.md +++ b/jol/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel's description of the coming army continues. - # A fire is consuming everything in front of it -A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the "army" , whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves. # behind it a flame is burning -After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns # land is like the garden of Eden -The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. diff --git a/jol/02/04.md b/jol/02/04.md index ffc66e79b5..57afe8b635 100644 --- a/jol/02/04.md +++ b/jol/02/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -The description continues with the noises of an army of horses. - # The army's appearance is like horses -The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. # horses -A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) - -# they run like horsemen - -Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. diff --git a/jol/02/05.md b/jol/02/05.md index d6cdd8e061..cd53709bca 100644 --- a/jol/02/05.md +++ b/jol/02/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly. # a noise like that of chariots ... like the sound of fiery flames ... like a mighty army ready for battle -These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel's readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: "a noise that frightens everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"a noise that frightens everyone" diff --git a/jol/02/06.md b/jol/02/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 56f8b1c752..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh. - diff --git a/jol/02/07.md b/jol/02/07.md index 81b33d7c27..154d8764d3 100644 --- a/jol/02/07.md +++ b/jol/02/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers -The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. # walls diff --git a/jol/02/08.md b/jol/02/08.md index 4ad8aba183..ed18727829 100644 --- a/jol/02/08.md +++ b/jol/02/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues. - # they break through the defenses they overcome the soldiers defending the city. diff --git a/jol/02/09.md b/jol/02/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/10.md b/jol/02/10.md index 7285b69193..03981da743 100644 --- a/jol/02/10.md +++ b/jol/02/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble -Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: "Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid" # the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining -This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +This claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. diff --git a/jol/02/11.md b/jol/02/11.md index b3c3754ce4..10736b2614 100644 --- a/jol/02/11.md +++ b/jol/02/11.md @@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ "Yahweh speaks loudly" to give commands. -# great and very terrible - -In this phrase both descriptions mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "greatly terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hendiadys]]) - # Who can endure it? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one will be strong enough to endure Yahweh's judgment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"No one will be strong enough to endure Yahweh's judgment." # endure diff --git a/jol/02/12.md b/jol/02/12.md index 1ce84a741e..c1787aaca3 100644 --- a/jol/02/12.md +++ b/jol/02/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Return to me with all your heart -The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Alternate translation: "Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Turn away from your sins and be totally devoted to me" diff --git a/jol/02/13.md b/jol/02/13.md index d5f4c80a10..e58f7badc2 100644 --- a/jol/02/13.md +++ b/jol/02/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Tear your heart and not only your garments -The heart is a metonym for what the person thinks and loves. Tearing one's clothes is an outward act of shame or repentance. Alternate translation: "Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Change your way of thinking; do not just tear your garments" # abounding in steadfast love -The abstract noun "love" can be stated with the verb "love." Alternate translation: "always showing you that he loves you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"always showing you that he loves you" diff --git a/jol/02/14.md b/jol/02/14.md index a015dee3bf..ddc89ee551 100644 --- a/jol/02/14.md +++ b/jol/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Will he perhaps turn ... God? -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger ... God." # leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering diff --git a/jol/02/15.md b/jol/02/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/17.md b/jol/02/17.md index c3270b6527..49099164ad 100644 --- a/jol/02/17.md +++ b/jol/02/17.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # your inheritance -Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God's inheritance. Alternate translation: "your special people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your special people" # Why should they say among the nations, 'Where is their God?' -This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"Other nations should not be able to say, 'Their God does not help them.'" or "Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people." diff --git a/jol/02/20.md b/jol/02/20.md index 21b54cac36..ad19a86825 100644 --- a/jol/02/20.md +++ b/jol/02/20.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues his promise to Israel. - -# northern ... eastern ... western - -These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel. - # the eastern sea the Dead Sea @@ -13,8 +5,3 @@ the Dead Sea # the western sea the Mediterranean Sea - -# he has done great things - -That is, Yahweh has done great things. Another possible meaning is that the writer speaks of the invading army, "it has done very bad things." - diff --git a/jol/02/21.md b/jol/02/21.md index 256696a475..5c45a870ac 100644 --- a/jol/02/21.md +++ b/jol/02/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Do not fear, land -Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid, you people of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"Do not be afraid, you people of the land" diff --git a/jol/02/22.md b/jol/02/22.md index 02a9f0ec2a..98444d026a 100644 --- a/jol/02/22.md +++ b/jol/02/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Do not fear, you wild animals -Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock" # the pastures of the wilderness will sprout -The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. Alternate translation: "plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness" diff --git a/jol/02/24.md b/jol/02/24.md index 242da89897..20b40ff8bb 100644 --- a/jol/02/24.md +++ b/jol/02/24.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites. - # vats large containers for liquids diff --git a/jol/02/25.md b/jol/02/25.md index 5f06b83fdb..0271165a8b 100644 --- a/jol/02/25.md +++ b/jol/02/25.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust -These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md). - +These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. diff --git a/jol/02/26.md b/jol/02/26.md index 2e50cfd5ef..78517ffb9f 100644 --- a/jol/02/26.md +++ b/jol/02/26.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # praise the name of Yahweh -The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: "praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"praise Yahweh" or "praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good" ) # the name of Yahweh ... who has done wonders -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: "my name ... because I have done wonders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"my name ... because I have done wonders" diff --git a/jol/02/27.md b/jol/02/27.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/27.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/28.md b/jol/02/28.md index d3094200cf..d8465a8fe1 100644 --- a/jol/02/28.md +++ b/jol/02/28.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # It will come about afterward that I "This is what I will do after that: I" # I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh -Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. Alternate translation: "I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# all flesh - -Here "flesh" represents people. Alternate translation: "all people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"I will give my Spirit generously to all people" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/02/29.md b/jol/02/29.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/29.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/02/30.md b/jol/02/30.md index 46aae5935d..571511968e 100644 --- a/jol/02/30.md +++ b/jol/02/30.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # blood, fire, and pillars of smoke -"blood" is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: "death, fire and pillars of smoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"death, fire and pillars of smoke" diff --git a/jol/02/31.md b/jol/02/31.md index 95fc99fa34..35738f0832 100644 --- a/jol/02/31.md +++ b/jol/02/31.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # the moon into blood -Here the word "blood" refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: "the moon will turn into blood" or "the moon will become red" or "the moon will become as red as blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"the moon will turn into blood" or "the moon will become red" or "the moon will become as red as blood" diff --git a/jol/02/32.md b/jol/02/32.md index c2b9090dd5..a5c30cefe5 100644 --- a/jol/02/32.md +++ b/jol/02/32.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # It will be that everyone "This is what will happen: everyone" # everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved -The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem - -These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: "on Mount Zion in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name" # among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls -The phrase "there will be" is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls" # survivors diff --git a/jol/02/intro.md b/jol/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 84b1534a2d..0000000000 --- a/jol/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Locusts - -This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -#### Metaphor -The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/jol/03/01.md b/jol/03/01.md index 027169f1fb..928e2f6651 100644 --- a/jol/03/01.md +++ b/jol/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Behold "Listen" or "Pay attention" # in those days and at that time -The phrase "at that time" means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase "in those days." Alternate translation: "in those very days" or "at that very time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"in those very days" or "at that very time" # when I reverse the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem -The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated as a verbal clause, and it may be understood as a metaphor for Yahweh making the people prosper in a general sense. Alternate translation: "when I cause Judah and Jerusalem to live well again" or "free Judah and Jerusalem from those who had captured them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Judah and Jerusalem - -The names of the cities are metaphors for the people who lived in the cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"when I cause the people of Judah and Jerusalem to live well again" or "free the people of Judah and Jerusalem from those who had captured them" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/03/02.md b/jol/03/02.md index 36d325783c..209542eb07 100644 --- a/jol/03/02.md +++ b/jol/03/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. - -# my people and my inheritance Israel - -These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel, who are my inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - diff --git a/jol/03/03.md b/jol/03/03.md index 2247a9a947..c48ac47709 100644 --- a/jol/03/03.md +++ b/jol/03/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink -These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: "and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink" diff --git a/jol/03/04.md b/jol/03/04.md index 60701b198b..c97fc7b8f5 100644 --- a/jol/03/04.md +++ b/jol/03/04.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # why are you angry at me ... Philistia? -Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"you have no right to be angry at me ... Philistia." # Will you repay me? -"Will you get revenge on me?" God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: "You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot." # I will immediately return your repayment on your own head -Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: "I will cause you to suffer the way you wanted me to suffer when you repaid me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will cause you to suffer the way you wanted me to suffer when you repaid me" # repayment diff --git a/jol/03/05.md b/jol/03/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/06.md b/jol/03/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/07.md b/jol/03/07.md index c3374ff608..802e226680 100644 --- a/jol/03/07.md +++ b/jol/03/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Look "Pay attention" or "Listen" # out of the place where you sold them -The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. # return payment diff --git a/jol/03/08.md b/jol/03/08.md index ae454c4515..833d5a4c40 100644 --- a/jol/03/08.md +++ b/jol/03/08.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah -The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters" # Sabeans -the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +the people of the land of Sabea diff --git a/jol/03/09.md b/jol/03/09.md index e6d30dea32..384a0cadcb 100644 --- a/jol/03/09.md +++ b/jol/03/09.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # rouse the mighty men "make the mighty men ready for action" diff --git a/jol/03/10.md b/jol/03/10.md index f23e9432bf..557ddc2d87 100644 --- a/jol/03/10.md +++ b/jol/03/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears -These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. # plowshares diff --git a/jol/03/11.md b/jol/03/11.md index a58560a3f9..b1281a2fb3 100644 --- a/jol/03/11.md +++ b/jol/03/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - -# Hurry and come ... together there - -These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # gather yourselves together -The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "gather yourselves together for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"gather yourselves together for battle" # Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors -Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. +Possible meanings are 1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to "proclaim among the nations" or 2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. diff --git a/jol/03/12.md b/jol/03/12.md index 7608865d2f..d651bcb7c6 100644 --- a/jol/03/12.md +++ b/jol/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. - # Let the nations wake themselves ... all the surrounding nations The words "the nations" and "the surrounding nations" refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. - -# Valley of Jehoshaphat - -Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Yahweh judges," was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md). - diff --git a/jol/03/13.md b/jol/03/13.md index da8690133a..eda3972222 100644 --- a/jol/03/13.md +++ b/jol/03/13.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ # Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full -Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe - -Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word "sickle," you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Put in the sickle - -"Swing the sickle to cut the grain." This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. # sickle @@ -20,9 +12,9 @@ a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain # Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full -Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: "Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you" # The vats overflow, for their wickedness is great -Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. diff --git a/jol/03/14.md b/jol/03/14.md index 2071b683c8..563431781d 100644 --- a/jol/03/14.md +++ b/jol/03/14.md @@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that the large crowds will make very much noise. -# Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment - -This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen. - # Valley of Judgment -There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun "judgment" can be translated using the verb "judge" or "punish." Alternate translation: "Valley Where Yahweh Judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Valley Where Yahweh Judges" diff --git a/jol/03/15.md b/jol/03/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/jol/03/16.md b/jol/03/16.md index 81fcf92682..6d1abd20b2 100644 --- a/jol/03/16.md +++ b/jol/03/16.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. - # Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem -Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - -# Yahweh will roar - -Possible meanings are 1) "Yahweh will roar like a lion" or 2) "Yahweh will roar like thunder." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem" # The heavens and earth will shake -Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh's roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: "Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# will shake - -This word is the past form of the word translated "tremble" in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). +"Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid" # Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel -Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel" diff --git a/jol/03/17.md b/jol/03/17.md index 003439c2c5..0619a5b6f4 100644 --- a/jol/03/17.md +++ b/jol/03/17.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # foreigners will not pass through her -The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. Foreign armies invading Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were people from another land coming through the city and doing whatever they wanted to do. Alternate translation: "foreign armies will not invade the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"foreign armies will not invade the city" diff --git a/jol/03/18.md b/jol/03/18.md index e7c1f3949a..246173d7f4 100644 --- a/jol/03/18.md +++ b/jol/03/18.md @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. - -# It will come about on that day that the mountains - -"This is what will happen on that day: the mountains" Translate "It will come about" as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md). - # the mountains will drip with sweet wine -"sweet wine will drip from the mountains." This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: "On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine" # the hills will flow with milk -"milk will flow from the hills." The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: "on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk" # all the brooks of Judah will flow with water @@ -24,5 +16,4 @@ God continues to speak about the day of the Lord. # Shittim -This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." diff --git a/jol/03/19.md b/jol/03/19.md index d95826f4e2..b207baa9c0 100644 --- a/jol/03/19.md +++ b/jol/03/19.md @@ -6,11 +6,5 @@ "Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there" -# because of the violence done to the people of Judah - -"because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah" - -# because they shed innocent blood in their land - -The word "they" refers to "Edom" and "Egypt" and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words "innocent blood" are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: "because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah" diff --git a/jol/03/20.md b/jol/03/20.md index b65b32ea00..c0040e7b9a 100644 --- a/jol/03/20.md +++ b/jol/03/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord. - -# Judah will be inhabited forever - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "people will live in Judah forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - # Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"generation after generation, people will live in Jerusalem" diff --git a/jol/03/21.md b/jol/03/21.md index 8518f96e0f..138b5cb25c 100644 --- a/jol/03/21.md +++ b/jol/03/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged -Blood is a metonym for death. Alternate translation: "I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will punish the enemies who killed the people of Israel and still have not been punished" diff --git a/jol/03/intro.md b/jol/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 855489dea9..0000000000 --- a/jol/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -# Joel 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter - -#### Israel -The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole. - -## Links: - -* __[Joel 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/jol/front/intro.md b/jol/front/intro.md index 945a6f8724..b40227eb3e 100644 --- a/jol/front/intro.md +++ b/jol/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Joel -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Joel 1. The land ruined; the day of Yahweh is coming (1:1–2:11) @@ -22,33 +20,6 @@ The people of Israel looked forward to "the day of Yahweh" as a day that Yahweh Joel's message applies to the people of God in the church age. For Yahweh says, "I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh" and "everyone who calls on Yahweh will be saved" (2:28 and 2:32, quoted by Peter in Acts 2:17 and 2:21). -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -The traditional title of this book is "The Book of Joel" or just "Joel." Translators may also call it the "The Book about Joel" or "The Sayings of Joel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Joel? This book contains the prophecies of an Israelite named Joel, son of Pethuel. The book does not tell when Joel prophesied. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What is the meaning of the locust attacks in Joel 1 and 2, and of the drought in Joel 2? - -Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. In Chapters 1 and 2, Joel described locust attacks using military terms. He may have been speaking of enemy invaders coming and destroying the land its people. - -There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. - -Joel also described a drought in Chapter 2. It might have been a real lack of rain. Or Joel may have been speaking of either enemy invaders or Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. - -Translators should simply translate the locust attacks and drought as Joel described them and not worry about the various possible meanings. - -### What did Joel prophesy about the future for God's people? - -Joel prophesied that God will defeat Israel's enemies, rebuild the city of Jerusalem, and rule as victorious king over the whole world. At the same time, God will give his Spirit to all his people, and they will receive messages from him in dreams and visions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### How should one translate the poetry of the Book of Joel? - -All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry. The ULB presents it in this way. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose. Translators may choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who want to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - diff --git a/mal/01/01.md b/mal/01/01.md index b3aa4ca109..6903b975eb 100644 --- a/mal/01/01.md +++ b/mal/01/01.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ This can be expressed as a statement. "This is the burden of the word of Yahweh # burden -This is a metaphor for a serious message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +This is a metaphor for a serious message. # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # by the hand of Malachi -The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. Alternate translation: "through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"through Malachi" or "spoken to them by Malachi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/02.md b/mal/01/02.md index 44e521048a..550997a09a 100644 --- a/mal/01/02.md +++ b/mal/01/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # How have you loved us? -This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have not shown that you love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You have not shown that you love us." # Was not Esau Jacob's brother? -This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." # declares Yahweh @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, # I have loved Jacob -Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" # I have loved Jacob -This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. diff --git a/mal/01/03.md b/mal/01/03.md index 609df59aa7..d7b3e51d8f 100644 --- a/mal/01/03.md +++ b/mal/01/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here "hated" implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However # Esau I have hated -This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. # his mountains @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequen # his inheritance -Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. diff --git a/mal/01/04.md b/mal/01/04.md index 58376cc115..05b3e1d7d5 100644 --- a/mal/01/04.md +++ b/mal/01/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # If Edom says -Here "Edom" stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "If the people of Edom say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"If the people of Edom say" # I will throw down -Here "throw down" stands for "destroy." Alternate translation: "I will destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy" # country of wickedness -Here "wickedness" stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. Alternate translation: "country of wicked people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"country of wicked people" diff --git a/mal/01/05.md b/mal/01/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 809ec28e8c..0000000000 --- a/mal/01/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# Your own eyes will see this - -Here "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. Alternate translation: "You yourselves will see this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - diff --git a/mal/01/06.md b/mal/01/06.md index 15597631b8..ae6e2be851 100644 --- a/mal/01/06.md +++ b/mal/01/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong. - # despise my name -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "treat me as though you hate me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"treat me as though you hate me" # How have we despised your name? -Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have not really despised your name." or "Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so." diff --git a/mal/01/07.md b/mal/01/07.md index 3ee0ca35a7..cd153aa18e 100644 --- a/mal/01/07.md +++ b/mal/01/07.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # polluted bread -Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "polluted" describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. # How have we polluted you? -Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# polluted you - -This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"We have not polluted you." or "Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so." # table @@ -16,7 +12,7 @@ This refers to an altar. # By saying that Yahweh's table is contemptible. -This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "You have polluted my altar by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"You have polluted my altar by saying, 'Yahweh's table is contemptible.'" # contemptible diff --git a/mal/01/08.md b/mal/01/08.md index 71575ff3a5..290f390687 100644 --- a/mal/01/08.md +++ b/mal/01/08.md @@ -1,21 +1,18 @@ # When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil? -Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!" # When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil? -Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: "And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? -Here the imperative functions as a condition. Alternate translation: "If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-imperative]]) +"And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!" # Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? -Here Yahweh asks this question in order to remind the people that their governor would never accept defective animals from them. Alternate translation: "If you present that to your governor, you know that the he will not accept you. He will not lift up your face." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?" # will he lift up your face -Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: "will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"will he accept you with favor" or "will he agree to help you" # Present diff --git a/mal/01/09.md b/mal/01/09.md index 1826acb948..e6a88757ef 100644 --- a/mal/01/09.md +++ b/mal/01/09.md @@ -1,24 +1,15 @@ -# Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us - -Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them. - # keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious -They were speaking nicely to God hoping to convince him to stop being angry with them. Alternate translation: "keep begging God to be gracious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"keep begging God to be gracious" # with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces? -Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: "if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# with such an offering in your hand - -This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions. +"if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces." # in your hand -Here "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate translation: "brought by you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"brought by you" # would he lift up any of your faces -Lifting up someone's face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: "would he accept any of you with favor" or "would he agree to help any of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"would he accept any of you with favor" or "would he agree to help any of you" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/10.md b/mal/01/10.md index aead7df4a9..02a9c2e7c8 100644 --- a/mal/01/10.md +++ b/mal/01/10.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ This expresses great desire. # so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain -Here "light fires on my altar" stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh's altar. Alternate translation: "so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept" # from your hand -Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from you" diff --git a/mal/01/11.md b/mal/01/11.md index a942551f8f..8f1837e471 100644 --- a/mal/01/11.md +++ b/mal/01/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # from the rising of the sun to its setting -This double expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +This expression means "everywhere." It is parallel to "among the nations" and "in every place" # my name will be great among the nations -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh's reputation and honor. Alternate translation: "I will be honored in other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will be honored in other nations" # in every place incense and pure grain offerings will be offered in my name -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "in these nations people will worship me by offering incense and pure grain offerings to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"in these nations people will worship me by offering incense and pure grain offerings to me" # in my name -Here "name" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"to me" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/13.md b/mal/01/13.md index ab81a8584f..1bd12a71cf 100644 --- a/mal/01/13.md +++ b/mal/01/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # snort at it -show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +show great disrespect by making noises through the nose # what has been torn @@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "what you have stolen from others" or 2) "what a wild a # Should I accept this from your hand? -Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: "I should certainly not accept this from you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# from your hand - -Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"I should certainly not accept this from you!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/01/14.md b/mal/01/14.md index 14b23e13d4..9543fad040 100644 --- a/mal/01/14.md +++ b/mal/01/14.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # my name will be honored among the nations -This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "people in the other nations honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"people in the other nations honor my name" # my name will be honored -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I will be honored" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will be honored" diff --git a/mal/01/intro.md b/mal/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97e39cba68..0000000000 --- a/mal/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 1 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Yahweh of hosts -This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical questions -There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Malachi intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/02/01.md b/mal/02/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mal/02/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mal/02/02.md b/mal/02/02.md index 668a513830..3a85a9bc1c 100644 --- a/mal/02/02.md +++ b/mal/02/02.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # lay it on your heart -This refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: "consider it to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# give honor to my name - -The abstract noun "honor" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "honor my name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"consider it to be very important" # my name -Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here this expression refers to God. # I will send a curse on you -The abstract noun "curse" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will curse you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I will curse you" # you are not laying my command on your heart -This refers to considering God's command to be very important. Alternate translation: "you are not considering my command to be very important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"you are not considering my command to be very important" diff --git a/mal/02/03.md b/mal/02/03.md index 67dd50bc19..98823058ec 100644 --- a/mal/02/03.md +++ b/mal/02/03.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # I will spread dung on your faces -Here "dung on your faces" stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: "I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces" # the dung from your festivals -Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "festivals" stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. "The dung" probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. # he will take you away with it -This difficult expression can be translated as "God will take you away with it," that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: "they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# he will take you away with it - -Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung" diff --git a/mal/02/04.md b/mal/02/04.md index d4862bc80b..664a66cb63 100644 --- a/mal/02/04.md +++ b/mal/02/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Levi -Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: "so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/05.md b/mal/02/05.md index a052000651..a946e18cc2 100644 --- a/mal/02/05.md +++ b/mal/02/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # My covenant with him was life and peace -Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: "The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace" # fear, and he feared me -This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: "My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me" or "In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me" # in awe of my name -Here "my name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Here "my name" stands for God himself. diff --git a/mal/02/06.md b/mal/02/06.md index 417480cb3e..a65e5b3bc5 100644 --- a/mal/02/06.md +++ b/mal/02/06.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ # nothing false was found -Here finding something stands for that thing existing. Alternate translation: "there was no falsehood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"there was no falsehood" # on his lips -Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. # He walked with me -Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. # in peace and uprightness -Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. Alternate translation: "peacefully and uprightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"peacefully and uprightly" # he turned many away from iniquity -Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: "he persuaded many people to stop sinning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# lips - -Here "lips" stands for a person's ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he persuaded many people to stop sinning" diff --git a/mal/02/07.md b/mal/02/07.md index e963c583b2..54663b7543 100644 --- a/mal/02/07.md +++ b/mal/02/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # For a priest's lips should keep knowledge -Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of "keep knowledge" implies communicating true knowledge about God. # seek instruction -Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "instruction." Alternate translation: "want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# from his mouth - -Here "mouth" stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"want to be instructed" or "want a priest to teach them truly" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/08.md b/mal/02/08.md index 047fe7d031..3c690326d8 100644 --- a/mal/02/08.md +++ b/mal/02/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ # you have turned away from the true path -The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# You have caused many to stumble - -Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. # You have caused many to stumble with respect to the law -The expression "with respect to the law" gives the context for the "stumbling." Alternate translation: "You have caused many to disobey the law" +"You have caused many to disobey the law" # corrupted the covenant of Levi diff --git a/mal/02/09.md b/mal/02/09.md index 40c456943e..f882631e10 100644 --- a/mal/02/09.md +++ b/mal/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,9 @@ -# before all the people - -This spatial idea stands for the people's awareness of the priests' evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) # kept my ways -Here "ways" stands for "desires" and "behavior." These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. Alternate translation: "followed my desires in how you should live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"followed my desires in how you should live" # shown partiality in matters of the law "set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like" -# shown partiality - -Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. Alternate translation: "made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/mal/02/10.md b/mal/02/10.md index 9bb1695dbc..a75d77239f 100644 --- a/mal/02/10.md +++ b/mal/02/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites. - # Is there not one Father for us all? Has not one God created us? -Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. Alternate translation: "You know that we all have one Father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the Father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"You know that we all have one Father, that our God has created a nation out of us." or "You all know that God is the Father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation." # Has not one God created us? -This question is meant to express a statement. Alternate translation: "Certainly it is the same God who has created us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# created us - -This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation. +"Certainly it is the same God who has created us." # Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? -Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. This question may be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God's covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing." diff --git a/mal/02/11.md b/mal/02/11.md index 962b22fe40..e91cf6724e 100644 --- a/mal/02/11.md +++ b/mal/02/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # Judah has been faithless -Here "Judah" stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named "Judah." Alternate translation: "The people of Judah have been faithless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Judah have been faithless" # A disgusting thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem" # For Judah has profaned the holy place of Yahweh -Here "Judah" refers again to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh" # has married the daughter of a foreign god -The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named "Judah." Alternate translation: "have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"have married women from other nations, women who worship idols" diff --git a/mal/02/12.md b/mal/02/12.md index 1afdff7f2a..f3c942ff3f 100644 --- a/mal/02/12.md +++ b/mal/02/12.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who -Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. Alternate translation: "May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who" or "May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who" # the tents of Jacob -Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Jacob - -Here "Jacob" stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "tents of Jacob" stands for the community of Israel. # the one who is awake and the one who answers -This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This expression seems to mean "absolutely everyone." diff --git a/mal/02/13.md b/mal/02/13.md index 7784307a5b..78a80a7bd9 100644 --- a/mal/02/13.md +++ b/mal/02/13.md @@ -1,24 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites. - -# You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears - -This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - # with weeping and sighing -The words "weeping" and "sighing" share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: "with great weeping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"with great weeping" # does not turn toward the offering -Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# does not turn toward the offering - -This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. # from your hand -Here "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate translation: "from you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"from you" diff --git a/mal/02/14.md b/mal/02/14.md index e040078af6..ba233e71a3 100644 --- a/mal/02/14.md +++ b/mal/02/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Why does he not? -The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is "Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?" # the wife of your youth @@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is "Why does he not turn to # Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth -This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This statement assumes that this woman is still living. # a witness between you and the wife of your youth -Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. # she was your companion and your wife by covenant -This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. # by covenant diff --git a/mal/02/15.md b/mal/02/15.md index fa0bf53530..2970bc3241 100644 --- a/mal/02/15.md +++ b/mal/02/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit? -This question may be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit." # make them one -This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. Alternate translation: "make husband and wife one flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) +"make husband and wife one flesh" # an offspring from God diff --git a/mal/02/16.md b/mal/02/16.md index 28ad0e1a04..992c343d42 100644 --- a/mal/02/16.md +++ b/mal/02/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # I hate divorce -Here "divorce" stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. Alternate translation: "I hate it when a man divorces his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"I hate it when a man divorces his wife" # the one who covers his garment with violence -This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. # So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless diff --git a/mal/02/17.md b/mal/02/17.md index bb493507fa..4329b482b7 100644 --- a/mal/02/17.md +++ b/mal/02/17.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ # You have wearied Yahweh -Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that the people have repeatedly offended Yahweh. Alternate translation: "You have offended Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have offended Yahweh" # How have we wearied him? -This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have certainly not wearied him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have certainly not wearied him." # By saying -The complete idea here is, "You have wearied him by saying." This is the prophet's answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You have wearied him by saying." # in the eyes -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "in the opinion" or "in the judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"in the opinion" or "in the judgment" # Where is the God of justice? -The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. Alternate translation: "God certainly does not punish evil people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"God certainly does not punish evil people!" # the God of justice diff --git a/mal/02/intro.md b/mal/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 13e0a9c451..0000000000 --- a/mal/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 2 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Levites -The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - -#### Marital unfaithfulness -Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/03/01.md b/mal/03/01.md index bac6bc633e..6e04b2536d 100644 --- a/mal/03/01.md +++ b/mal/03/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2. - # See "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you" # he will prepare the way before me -Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Then the Lord, whom you seek ... The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight - -Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULB does. - -# The messenger of the covenant - -Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between "messenger" and "the covenant." The UDB presents "the messenger" as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant. +Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. diff --git a/mal/03/02.md b/mal/03/02.md index c77d6b25e7..d5d0e9f19b 100644 --- a/mal/03/02.md +++ b/mal/03/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # But who will be able to endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears? -These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: "However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them." # the day of his coming -Here "day" stands for "time." Alternate translation: "the time when he comes" +"the time when he comes" # be able to stand -Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. # For he will be like a refiner's fire and like laundry soap -This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. diff --git a/mal/03/03.md b/mal/03/03.md index 336b369af4..e0cdb8bbd9 100644 --- a/mal/03/03.md +++ b/mal/03/03.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# he will purify the sons of Levi +# he will purify the descendants of Levi -Forgiving the sons of Levi and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. Alternate translation: "he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the sons of Levi - -Here "sons" refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# He will sit - -Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned" # He will refine them like gold and silver -Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. # they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh -Here "of righteousness" means "motivated by righteous desires to worship God." Alternate translation: "they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" +"they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh" diff --git a/mal/03/04.md b/mal/03/04.md index 46d3868aef..f46402fd06 100644 --- a/mal/03/04.md +++ b/mal/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5. - # the offering of Judah and Jerusalem -Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" stand for the people in those places. Alternate translation: "the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem" # as in the days of old, and as in ancient years -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: "as it was in the distant past" or "as it was a long time ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - +"as it was in the distant past" or "as it was a long time ago" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/03/05.md b/mal/03/05.md index 679b00e8a1..8fa8714137 100644 --- a/mal/03/05.md +++ b/mal/03/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Then I will approach you for judgment -Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: "Then I will approach you in order to judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Then I will approach you in order to judge you" # oppress the hired worker in his wages @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here "judgment" refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: "Then I wil # turn away the foreigner -That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: "deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have" diff --git a/mal/03/06.md b/mal/03/06.md index 940e5ce8f0..78da0baa1f 100644 --- a/mal/03/06.md +++ b/mal/03/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # you descendants of Jacob have not been consumed -This can be translated in active form. The word "consumed" is a metaphor for "destroyed." Alternate translation: "I have not consumed you descendants of Jacob" or "you descendants of Jacob have not perished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have not consumed you descendants of Jacob" or "you descendants of Jacob have not perished" diff --git a/mal/03/07.md b/mal/03/07.md index 234ffdd603..fe658976f0 100644 --- a/mal/03/07.md +++ b/mal/03/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them -Disobeying God's statutes is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: "You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors" # Return to me, and I will return to you -Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: "Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Love me and honor me, and I will always help you" # How will we return? -The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you." or "We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you." diff --git a/mal/03/08.md b/mal/03/08.md index c9c39dfaec..aca661f254 100644 --- a/mal/03/08.md +++ b/mal/03/08.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # Would a person rob God? -This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. This can be expressed as a statement. God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: "A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"A man should certainly not rob God." or "No one should ever rob me." # How have we robbed you? -This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: "We have certainly not robbed you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"We have certainly not robbed you." # In tithes and offerings -This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: "You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings" diff --git a/mal/03/09.md b/mal/03/09.md index cac6e0769d..647fd99b09 100644 --- a/mal/03/09.md +++ b/mal/03/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # You are cursed with a curse -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I have certainly cursed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I have certainly cursed you" # you are robbing me, the whole nation -Here "nation" stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: "all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" +"all of you in the whole nation are robbing me" diff --git a/mal/03/10.md b/mal/03/10.md index 7755ea99ef..96d89423e6 100644 --- a/mal/03/10.md +++ b/mal/03/10.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. - # the full tithe "all the tithes" # my house -Here "house" stands for the temple. Alternate translation: "my temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my temple" # and test me now in this ... if I do not open to you the windows of heaven -Here the command "test me" stands for something that the people can do and should do: "if you test me." This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: "And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"And if you test me ... I will open up the windows of heaven" or "And you should test me ... If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven" diff --git a/mal/03/11.md b/mal/03/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/mal/03/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/mal/03/12.md b/mal/03/12.md index 1d5c0478ac..9bc9ae8738 100644 --- a/mal/03/12.md +++ b/mal/03/12.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ # All the nations will call you blessed -Here to be called blessed stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: "All the nations will know that you have been blessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# All the nations - -This expression stands for the people in all the nations. Alternate translation: "The people in all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +""The people in all the nations will know that you have been blessed" # a land of delight -Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +Here "delight" stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. diff --git a/mal/03/13.md b/mal/03/13.md index f33a93fc3f..afcdf930ce 100644 --- a/mal/03/13.md +++ b/mal/03/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # Your words against me have been strong -Here "strong" stands for "harsh" or "terrible." And "Your words" stands for "What you have said." Alternate translation: "What you have said about me is terrible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"What you have said about me is terrible" # What have we said among ourselves against you? -The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We have not said anything among ourselves against you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - +"We have not said anything among ourselves against you." diff --git a/mal/03/14.md b/mal/03/14.md index ddc5731fe3..abacbe17ca 100644 --- a/mal/03/14.md +++ b/mal/03/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ # What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts? -The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: "It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts." # walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts -Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# before Yahweh of hosts - -Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here "walk mournfully" stands for "behave in a sorrowful manner," probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. diff --git a/mal/03/15.md b/mal/03/15.md index 6b5adf9d88..74695f85c0 100644 --- a/mal/03/15.md +++ b/mal/03/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # we call those who do evil blessed -Here to "call ... blessed" stands for being blessed. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we say that God has blessed those who do evil" or "we say that those who do evil are well off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"we say that God has blessed those who do evil" or "we say that those who do evil are well off" # escape -That is, "they escape God's punishment." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +That is, "they escape God's punishment." diff --git a/mal/03/16.md b/mal/03/16.md index 90401a8c93..5ed9e637f4 100644 --- a/mal/03/16.md +++ b/mal/03/16.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins. - # a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him. -# book of remembrance - -This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - # honored his name -Here "his name" stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "his name" stands for God himself. diff --git a/mal/03/17.md b/mal/03/17.md index 26285ce30c..aa99414a5a 100644 --- a/mal/03/17.md +++ b/mal/03/17.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # my own treasured possession -Here "possession" refers to one's personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: "they will belong completely to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"they will belong completely to me" # I act diff --git a/mal/03/intro.md b/mal/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcf408eb1f..0000000000 --- a/mal/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 3 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Messiah -There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Rhetorical questions -Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/mal/04/01.md b/mal/04/01.md index ed80c4aba4..2ff0a2347a 100644 --- a/mal/04/01.md +++ b/mal/04/01.md @@ -4,21 +4,16 @@ # the day is coming, burning like a furnace -The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# arrogant ... evildoers - -See how you translated these wordsd in [Malachi 3:15](../03/15.md). +The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. # all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble -These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: "all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants" # The day that is coming will burn them up -Here "the day" stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: "On that day I will burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"On that day I will burn them up" # it will leave them neither root nor branch -This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: "nothing will be left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"nothing will be left" diff --git a/mal/04/02.md b/mal/04/02.md index 9eea92d4c5..08ec15792a 100644 --- a/mal/04/02.md +++ b/mal/04/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # you who fear my name -Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "my name" stands for Yahweh himself. # the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings @@ -8,13 +8,8 @@ This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his peo # healing in its wings -Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. # wings -It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall - -Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/04/03.md b/mal/04/03.md index f3bc15bc49..8b7cd42f68 100644 --- a/mal/04/03.md +++ b/mal/04/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet -Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. # they will be ashes -The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)). +The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes diff --git a/mal/04/04.md b/mal/04/04.md index 3602aa3ca1..1a81788070 100644 --- a/mal/04/04.md +++ b/mal/04/04.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is another name for Sinai. # all Israel -Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "all Israel" is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. # the statutes diff --git a/mal/04/05.md b/mal/04/05.md index a4df39d729..5b38a20343 100644 --- a/mal/04/05.md +++ b/mal/04/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh -Here the occurrence of this day is spoken of as if it were coming. Alternate translation: "before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens" # the great and fearful day of Yahweh diff --git a/mal/04/06.md b/mal/04/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf385b9bc1..0000000000 --- a/mal/04/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers - -Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/mal/04/intro.md b/mal/04/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0d91465bd3..0000000000 --- a/mal/04/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi 4 General Notes - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Last days -Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Malachi 4:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../03/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/mal/front/intro.md b/mal/front/intro.md index 399bee467a..ed8e55baa1 100644 --- a/mal/front/intro.md +++ b/mal/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Malachi -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of Malachi 1. The word of Yahweh comes to Israel (1:1) @@ -17,17 +15,6 @@ The Book of Malachi is about the prophecies that Malachi spoke to the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. And the Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. Malachi rebuked them for not trusting in Yahweh. But he also promised them that Yahweh would do everything that he promised to do. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -This book traditionally has been titled "Malachi" or "The Book of Malachi." Translators may decide to call it "The Book about Malachi" or "The Sayings of Malachi." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Malachi? The prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since "Malachi" means "my messenger," it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, we do not know his real name. - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What was meant by the day of Yahweh? - -Malachi spoke about "the day" several times. This is the same as "the day of Yahweh." In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - diff --git a/nam/01/01.md b/nam/01/01.md index 15d5be1732..16a88d832d 100644 --- a/nam/01/01.md +++ b/nam/01/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # The declaration about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite -These words are an introduction to the entire book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: "This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh" # Elkoshite -A person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +A person from the village of Elkosh diff --git a/nam/01/02.md b/nam/01/02.md index 89842de8b0..801d01f79e 100644 --- a/nam/01/02.md +++ b/nam/01/02.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum begins to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # Yahweh -This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. +This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. # full of wrath diff --git a/nam/01/03.md b/nam/01/03.md index b2f88aebfd..9f57c45cb9 100644 --- a/nam/01/03.md +++ b/nam/01/03.md @@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ # he will not acquit the wicked -This emphatic negative statement can be translated positively. Alternate translation: "he will always be sure to punish the wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes]]) - -# Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet - -The biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here the writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a person walking or marching and kicking up dust as he comes to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"he will always be sure to punish the wicked" # the dust of his feet diff --git a/nam/01/04.md b/nam/01/04.md index 86ea742b73..78d3aac234 100644 --- a/nam/01/04.md +++ b/nam/01/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. - # Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon have become weak -The word translated as "weak" can also mean "withered" or "dried out." Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, "Carmel" refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: "The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade" diff --git a/nam/01/05.md b/nam/01/05.md index b4eb8e75c7..3f037c41c7 100644 --- a/nam/01/05.md +++ b/nam/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the hills melt -Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. # the earth collapses @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Possible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire groun # the world and all people who live in it -Here the word "world" refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse" diff --git a/nam/01/06.md b/nam/01/06.md index 05169cfd9c..3e3447d335 100644 --- a/nam/01/06.md +++ b/nam/01/06.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. - # Who can stand before his rage? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? -These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: "No one can stand before his rage! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) - -# resist the fierceness of his anger - -Possible meanings are 1) "rise up and fight against him when he is angry" 2) "keep him from destroying him when he is angry" +"No one can stand before his rage! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!" # fierceness of his anger @@ -16,9 +8,8 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "rise up and fight against him when he is angry" 2) "ke # His wrath is poured out like fire -Nahum speaks of Yahweh's anger as if it were a liquid that he pours out and which burns like fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"He pours out his wrath like fire" or "He expresses his fierce anger" # the rocks are broken apart by him -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"he breaks apart the rocks" or "he causes the rocks to break apart" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/07.md b/nam/01/07.md index a8c2d710b8..d288848762 100644 --- a/nam/01/07.md +++ b/nam/01/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a stronghold ... those who take refuge in him -Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. # in the day of trouble diff --git a/nam/01/08.md b/nam/01/08.md index a55b3a92a2..550ff43bc4 100644 --- a/nam/01/08.md +++ b/nam/01/08.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # he will make a full end to his enemies -The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing his enemies to die. Alternate translation: "he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"he will completely destroy his enemies" or "he will kill all his enemies" # with an overwhelming flood -Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. # he will pursue them into darkness -Here the word "darkness" represents the place of the dead, which is characterized as a dark place. Nahum speaks of Yahweh killing his enemies as if he were chasing them into this dark place. Alternate translation: "he will cause all his enemies to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"he will cause all his enemies to die" diff --git a/nam/01/09.md b/nam/01/09.md index adce394035..854c5e972b 100644 --- a/nam/01/09.md +++ b/nam/01/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. - # What are you people plotting against Yahweh? -This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: "It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh" # He will make a full end to it -The idiom "make a full end" refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: "He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"He will completely stop what you do" or "He will cause your plotting to fail" # trouble will not rise up a second time -Possible meanings are 1) "trouble" is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time" or 2) "trouble" refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: "you will not cause trouble a second time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"you will not cause trouble a second time" diff --git a/nam/01/10.md b/nam/01/10.md index 83d55b1c5d..dc548c9f44 100644 --- a/nam/01/10.md +++ b/nam/01/10.md @@ -1,20 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum uses three metaphors to show that Yahweh will destroy ("consume") those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Like tangled thorns -Possible meanings for this metaphor are that Nahum speaks of 1) the people who plot against Yahweh being unable to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them as though they were tangled up in thorn bushes and unable to get free or 2) Yahweh quickly destroying those who plot against him as if Yahweh were a person weaving thorn bushes together so they will burn quickly and putting them in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Nahum speaks of 1) the people who plot against Yahweh being unable to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them as though they were tangled up in thorn bushes and unable to get free or 2) Yahweh quickly destroying those who plot against him as if Yahweh were a person weaving thorn bushes together so they will burn quickly and putting them in a fire. # like the drink of drunkards -Possible meanings for this metaphor are that Nahum speaks of 1) those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol or 2) Yahweh destroying those who plot against him as if he were a drunkard drinking a large amount of alcoholic drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Possible meanings are that Nahum speaks of 1) those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol or 2) Yahweh destroying those who plot against him as if he were a drunkard drinking a large amount of alcoholic drink. # they will be consumed like dry stubble -Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# consumed - -Nahum speaks of fire burning something completely as if the fire were devouring that thing. Alternate translation: "burned up by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble" diff --git a/nam/01/11.md b/nam/01/11.md index de8b6f9951..b0481bfad0 100644 --- a/nam/01/11.md +++ b/nam/01/11.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# From you, Nineveh, has come out someone who plotted evil against Yahweh - -"Someone who planned evil against Yahweh has come out from you, Nineveh." The words "From you, Nineveh" are at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the writer is now speaking to Nineveh. - # From you, Nineveh, has come out someone -The writer speaks as if the city of Nineveh were one person who could hear him speak. The word "Nineveh" is a personification of the people who live in Nineveh. Alternate translation: "From among the people of Nineveh has come out someone" or "From Nineveh have come out people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) +"From among the people of Nineveh has come out someone" or "From Nineveh have come out people" # a wicked counselor diff --git a/nam/01/12.md b/nam/01/12.md index 002427ce0e..195284cd8b 100644 --- a/nam/01/12.md +++ b/nam/01/12.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh. - # Even if they are at their full strength and full numbers This refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh. # they will nevertheless be sheared -Yahweh speaks of destroying the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that he will shear. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"I will nevertheless shear them" or "I will nevertheless destroy them" # pass away diff --git a/nam/01/13.md b/nam/01/13.md index 33b92a9307..6994169430 100644 --- a/nam/01/13.md +++ b/nam/01/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Now will I break that people's yoke from off you; I will break your chains -Yahweh speaks of freeing Judah from Assyrian oppression as if he were breaking the yoke and chains that the Assyrians had placed on them. Alternate translation: "Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Now I will free you from that people and they will no longer oppress you" diff --git a/nam/01/14.md b/nam/01/14.md index 9957efd4b5..3f0584b5d9 100644 --- a/nam/01/14.md +++ b/nam/01/14.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# Yahweh has given a command about you, Nineveh ... your name ... your gods ... your grave ... you are - -The writer speaks as if the city of Nineveh were one person who could hear him speak. The word "Nineveh" is a personification of the people who live in Nineveh. See how you translated "you, Nineveh" in [Nahum 1:11](./11.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh has given a command about you people of Nineveh ... your name ... your gods ... your grave ... you are" or "Yahweh has given a command about the people of Nineveh ... their name ... their gods ... their graves ... they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # I will cut off the carved images and the cast metal figures from the houses of your gods -Yahweh speaks of destroying the Assyrian idols as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word "house" is a metonym for the temples in which the people worshiped these idols. Alternate translation: "I will destroy the carved images and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy the carved images and the cast metal figures that are in the temples of your gods" # I will prepare your grave -It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. Alternate translation: "I will dig your graves and bury you in them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"I will dig your graves and bury you in them" diff --git a/nam/01/15.md b/nam/01/15.md index 1580e16aca..8f5a63a36c 100644 --- a/nam/01/15.md +++ b/nam/01/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news -Here the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate translation: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news" # wicked one ... he @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Nahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person. # he is completely cut off -Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh being completely destroyed as if they had been cut off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"he is completely destroyed" or "Yahweh has completely destroyed him" diff --git a/nam/01/intro.md b/nam/01/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4dbec80cf4..0000000000 --- a/nam/01/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 1 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of this chapter) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh -This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) - -#### Complete destruction -At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly. - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__ -* __[Nahum intro](../front/intro.md)__ - -__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/nam/02/01.md b/nam/02/01.md index 7c3c7678cf..f20d1dd997 100644 --- a/nam/02/01.md +++ b/nam/02/01.md @@ -1,28 +1,20 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # The one who scatters -Nahum speaks of an army or military leader destroying Nineveh as if he were to break Nineveh apart as one would shatter a clay pot and scatter the pieces around. Alternate translation: "The one who will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"The one who will destroy you" # is coming up against you -The idiom to "come against" means to attack. Alternate translation: "is preparing to attack you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"is preparing to attack you" # Guard the city wall, watch the road, strengthen your loins, pull together all your strength -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - -# watch the road - -This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy's approach. +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. # strengthen your loins -The loins are a synecdoche for the whole body. Alternate translation: "make yourselves strong" or "prepare for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"make yourselves strong" or "prepare for battle" # pull together all your strength -This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. Alternate translation: "prepare yourselves for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"prepare yourselves for battle" diff --git a/nam/02/02.md b/nam/02/02.md index 361bc966bc..6be9dd5d40 100644 --- a/nam/02/02.md +++ b/nam/02/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel -The words "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are 1) the word "Jacob" refers to the southern kingdom and the word "Israel" refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel" or 2) both "Jacob" and "Israel" refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: "For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel" # the plunderers @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ people who steal things by force, usually in war # destroyed their vine branches -Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel's possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: "robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches" or 2) the words "vine branches" are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: "destroyed their fields of crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - +"destroyed their fields of crops" diff --git a/nam/02/03.md b/nam/02/03.md index 266ace0f8a..f7cf39849c 100644 --- a/nam/02/03.md +++ b/nam/02/03.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflec # his mighty men -the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)). +the soldiers of the one "who will dash" Nineveh "to pieces" # the chariots flash with their metal @@ -12,13 +12,9 @@ This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots. # on the day that they are made ready -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the cypress spears are waved in the air - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the soldiers wave their cypress spears in the air" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"when the soldiers have made them ready" or "when the soldiers have prepared them to attack" # cypress -a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]]) +a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons diff --git a/nam/02/04.md b/nam/02/04.md index d7afd57ff8..b4c9cdbd6b 100644 --- a/nam/02/04.md +++ b/nam/02/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,4 @@ # They look like torches -Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# they run like lightning - -Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - +Nahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. diff --git a/nam/02/05.md b/nam/02/05.md index 46b9edbc47..0f85359d56 100644 --- a/nam/02/05.md +++ b/nam/02/05.md @@ -1,20 +1,8 @@ # He remembers his nobles -The word "remembers" is a metonym for what he does after he remembers them: he calls them to action. Alternate translation: "He calls his nobles" or "He summons his nobles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# nobles - -military leaders - -# in their march - -The word "march" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "as they march" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"He calls his military leaders" or "He summons his military leaders" # The large shield is made ready to protect these attackers -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# The large shield - -This refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them. +"The attackers make ready the large shield to protect themselves" diff --git a/nam/02/06.md b/nam/02/06.md index 9bc7e536bc..d5786c193b 100644 --- a/nam/02/06.md +++ b/nam/02/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The gates at the rivers are forced open -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers" # The gates at the rivers diff --git a/nam/02/07.md b/nam/02/07.md index f7a0a0f2c8..c5ad0e8d0a 100644 --- a/nam/02/07.md +++ b/nam/02/07.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ # Huzzab is stripped and is taken away -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The enemy strips Huzzab and takes her away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Huzzab is stripped and is taken away - -The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# is stripped - -If your language has a word for forcibly taking a person's clothes off of that person and leaving him embarrassed and with nothing to keep him warm, you should use it here. +The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. # her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make. -# her female servants - -If the word "Huzzab" refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word "Huzzab" refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes. - # beating on their breasts -Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +Beating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. diff --git a/nam/02/08.md b/nam/02/08.md index 909b6809bf..20d3f7e1cb 100644 --- a/nam/02/08.md +++ b/nam/02/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Nineveh is like a leaking pool of water, with its people fleeing away like rushing water -Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. diff --git a/nam/02/09.md b/nam/02/09.md index 23033a2e21..fb9dc3a426 100644 --- a/nam/02/09.md +++ b/nam/02/09.md @@ -1,16 +1,7 @@ -# Take the silver plunder ... Nineveh's desirable things - -It is not clear who is speaking here. This may be an apostrophe in which Nahum gives directions to the attackers, or the attackers may be speaking and giving directions to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # Take the silver plunder, take the gold plunder -The word "plunder" means things stolen by force, usually in war. Alternate translation: "Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" +"Take the silver as plunder, take the gold as plunder" or "Take the silver, take the gold" # there is no end to the treasure, to the splendor -The words "no end" are an exaggeration to express that there is a great amount of something. Alternate translation: "there is a very great amount of treasure, of the splendor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - -# to the splendor of all Nineveh's desirable things - -This phrase refers to the silver, gold, and other treasures in Nineveh. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "there is no end to the splendor of all Nineveh's beautiful treasures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"there is a very great amount of treasure, of the splendor" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/02/10.md b/nam/02/10.md index c701f3ff79..f1a3a322d7 100644 --- a/nam/02/10.md +++ b/nam/02/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Everyone's heart melts -Nahum speaks of the people losing courage as if their hearts melt like wax. Alternate translation: "Everyone loses courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Everyone loses courage" # everyone's knees strike together @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This describes a physical response to great fear. The people's legs shake so bad # anguish is in all loins -The loins are either 1) a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "everyone is in anguish" Or 2) a metonym for the internal organs, and you should describe them using your language's words for how a person's stomach feels when he is very frightened. Alternate translation: "everyone's stomachs are churning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"everyone's stomachs are churning" diff --git a/nam/02/11.md b/nam/02/11.md index e11f79a3d8..08e9817b02 100644 --- a/nam/02/11.md +++ b/nam/02/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -In these verses, Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were a group of lions, and of the city Nineveh as if it were their den. The metaphor speaks of the way in which the Assyrians would conquer other people and take their possessions as their own as if they were lions hunting prey and bringing the dead animals back to their den. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # Where now is the lions' den ... afraid of nothing? -Nahum uses this rhetorical question to mock Nineveh, which has been destroyed. Alternate translation: "The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"The lions' den is nowhere to be found ... afraid of nothing." or "Look at what has become of the lions' den ... afraid of nothing!" diff --git a/nam/02/12.md b/nam/02/12.md index 42e24b84c3..fe4916b55a 100644 --- a/nam/02/12.md +++ b/nam/02/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # he strangled victims -"he choked victims." This is probably a reference to the way that lions usually kill their prey, by biting its throat. Alternate translation: "he killed his victims" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he killed his victims" # filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses -These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. Alternate translation: "filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) +"filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses" diff --git a/nam/02/13.md b/nam/02/13.md index 8ee7a3b374..14b21a5ee0 100644 --- a/nam/02/13.md +++ b/nam/02/13.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ # the sword will devour your young lions -Here the word "sword" is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: "attackers will kill your people with swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"attackers will kill your people with swords" # I will cut off your prey from your land -Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are 1) the word "prey" is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: "I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others" or 2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh's prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: "I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will stop you from preying upon any other nation" # the voices of your messengers will be heard no more -This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again" diff --git a/nam/02/intro.md b/nam/02/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c022e179fe..0000000000 --- a/nam/02/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 2 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Complete destruction -At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism. - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/nam/03/01.md b/nam/03/01.md index 8ccccd35dc..9bf0a56231 100644 --- a/nam/03/01.md +++ b/nam/03/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # the city full of blood -Here the word "blood" represents bloodshed and refers to the people who have committed murder. Alternate translation: "the city full of murderers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the city full of murderers" # It is all full of lies -Here the word "lies" is a metonym for those who tell lies. Alternate translation: "It is full of liars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"It is full of liars" diff --git a/nam/03/03.md b/nam/03/03.md index 1666ac73ec..f7fab9845c 100644 --- a/nam/03/03.md +++ b/nam/03/03.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ There were so many dead bodies that the attackers piled them in heaps. -# bodies - -bodies of people who have died - # their attackers stumble over the bodies This shows that there were very many dead bodies on the ground. diff --git a/nam/03/04.md b/nam/03/04.md index ce468a48ab..2d3dc0bf70 100644 --- a/nam/03/04.md +++ b/nam/03/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # the lustful actions of the beautiful prostitute -Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. # the expert in witchcraft -Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Nahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. # who sells nations through her prostitution, and peoples through her acts of witchcraft -Here the word "sells" implies that the people of Nineveh cause other nations and peoples to become slaves. Nineveh uses her beauty, power, and influence to make others her slaves. Alternate translation: "who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves" diff --git a/nam/03/05.md b/nam/03/05.md index f03f88dc20..df131ee07b 100644 --- a/nam/03/05.md +++ b/nam/03/05.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # I will raise up your skirt over your face and show your private parts to the nations -This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating prostitutes by stripping them naked in front of the community. This continues the metaphor of Yahweh speaking of the city of Nineveh as if it were a prostitute. Alternate translation: "I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will publicly humiliate you, as one would humiliate a prostitute by raising up her skirt over her face and showing her private parts to all the people" # your shame to the kingdoms -This phrase explains the purpose of lifting up Nineveh's skirt. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "I will show your shame to the kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]]) - +"I will show your shame to the kingdoms" diff --git a/nam/03/06.md b/nam/03/06.md index 4193c072f8..ebd1db6397 100644 --- a/nam/03/06.md +++ b/nam/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will throw disgusting filth on you -The words "disgusting filth" refer to all kinds of garbage. Throwing garbage at a person was a sign of strong contempt. Alternate translation: "I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]]) - +"I will show my contempt for you, like a person would throw disgusting filth at another" diff --git a/nam/03/07.md b/nam/03/07.md index 7a56f34027..6ce9b980eb 100644 --- a/nam/03/07.md +++ b/nam/03/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # who will weep for her? -The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: "no one will weep for her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"no one will weep for her." # Where can I go to find anyone to comfort you? -Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there will be no one who will be able to comfort Nineveh. Alternate translation: "There is nowhere I could go to find someone to comfort you." or "There will be no one to comfort you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"There is nowhere I could go to find someone to comfort you." or "There will be no one to comfort you." diff --git a/nam/03/08.md b/nam/03/08.md index c5be50beae..2a02cd7cb0 100644 --- a/nam/03/08.md +++ b/nam/03/08.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # are you better than Thebes ... wall? -Nahum asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer that it anticipates. Alternate translation: "you are not better than Thebes ... wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"you are not better than Thebes ... wall." # Thebes -This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. # which was located on the Nile River @@ -16,7 +12,7 @@ This was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [ # whose rampart was the sea, and the sea was its wall -These two phrases share similar meanings. The word "sea" refers to the Nile River, which ran near the city. Nahum speaks of the Nile as if it were the wall that protected the city. Alternate translation: "which had the Nile river as its defense, as some cities have a wall for their defense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"which had the Nile river as its defense, as some cities have a wall for their defense" # rampart diff --git a/nam/03/09.md b/nam/03/09.md index 6474b97032..b9b2d20bf4 100644 --- a/nam/03/09.md +++ b/nam/03/09.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # there was no end to it -The word "it" refers to the "strength" that Cush and Egypt gave to Thebes. That there was no end to it is a hyperbole that expresses the great amount of strength. Alternate translation: "their strength was very great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"their strength was very great" # Put and Libya -These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +These are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. diff --git a/nam/03/10.md b/nam/03/10.md index c7bfa0e93b..35f5fa5b2c 100644 --- a/nam/03/10.md +++ b/nam/03/10.md @@ -1,24 +1,19 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # Yet Thebes was carried away -The word "Thebes" represents the people who lived in Thebes. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Yet those who attacked Thebes carried the people away" # she went into captivity -The word "she" refers to Thebes and represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: "they went into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they went into captivity" # her young children were dashed in pieces -This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"enemy soldiers dashed her young children to pieces" or "enemy soldiers beat her young children to death" # at the head of every street -The beginning of a street is spoken of as if it were the head. Also, "every" is a generalization that means many places all over the city. Alternate translation: "on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"on every street corner" or "in the streets all over the city" # all her great men were bound in chains -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they bound all her great men in chains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"they bound all her great men in chains" diff --git a/nam/03/11.md b/nam/03/11.md index ff53f2ca24..475a4fdc86 100644 --- a/nam/03/11.md +++ b/nam/03/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # You also will become drunk -Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +Here the word "You" refers to Nineveh. Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh suffering and dying in battle as if they had become drunk from drinking too much wine. diff --git a/nam/03/12.md b/nam/03/12.md index 8df1a4bc8a..17a0ff8ea6 100644 --- a/nam/03/12.md +++ b/nam/03/12.md @@ -1,24 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # All your fortresses -Possible meanings for the word "fortresses" are 1) it refers to Nineveh's fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate translation: "All of your fortifications" or "All of your defenses" or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate translation: "All of your fortified cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"All of your fortified cities" # All your fortresses will be like fig trees with the earliest ripe figs: if they are shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater -Nahum compares the ease with which the attackers will conquer Nineveh with the ease with which a person can cause ripe figs to fall from a tree. Alternate translation: "Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# the earliest ripe figs - -This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# if they are shaken - -"if the trees are shaken." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "if a person shakes the trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Your enemies will destroy your fortresses as easily as a person can shake a fig tree and eat the first ripe figs that fall" # they fall into the mouth of the eater -"the figs fall into the mouth of the eater." This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: "a person can eat the fig immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"a person can eat the fig immediately" diff --git a/nam/03/13.md b/nam/03/13.md index ccbbda4a1f..75901604d8 100644 --- a/nam/03/13.md +++ b/nam/03/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,16 @@ # the people among you are women -In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh's warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: "your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves" # the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies" or "someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land" # the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies -Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "the gates of your land" refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: "the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "the gates of your land" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: "your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders" # fire has devoured their bars -Possible meanings are 1) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh's defenses, then "their bars" refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: "fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates" or 2) if "fortresses" in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders, then "their bars" is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: "the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# fire has devoured - -Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: "fire has destroyed" or "fire has burned up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars" diff --git a/nam/03/14.md b/nam/03/14.md index de469604b5..6c48904a02 100644 --- a/nam/03/14.md +++ b/nam/03/14.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # Go draw water for the siege ... pick up the molds for the bricks -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. # strengthen your fortresses diff --git a/nam/03/15.md b/nam/03/15.md index 91223cbe5f..a2654af2b7 100644 --- a/nam/03/15.md +++ b/nam/03/15.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ # Fire will devour you there -Nahum speaks of fire burning and destroying as if it were eating. Alternate translation: "Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Fire will destroy you there" or "Your enemies will burn you with fire there" # the sword will destroy you -Here the word "sword" is a metonym for the enemies who will attack with swords. Alternate translation: "your enemies will kill you with their swords" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"your enemies will kill you with their swords" # It will devour you as young locusts devour everything -The word "It" refers to the "sword," which is personified as eating those whom it kills. The soldiers using their swords to kill everyone in Nineveh is compared with the way that a swarm of locusts eats every plant in its path. Alternate translation: "Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# Make yourselves as many as the young locusts, as many as the full-grown locusts - -These words begin a new paragraph where Nahum compares the number of people in Nineveh with the large number of locusts in a swarm. - +"Your enemies' swords will kill all of you, just as easily as a swarm of locusts devours everything in its path" diff --git a/nam/03/16.md b/nam/03/16.md index 9bbc0dee73..320aec6f70 100644 --- a/nam/03/16.md +++ b/nam/03/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars in the heavens -This exaggeration emphasizes the great number of merchants who lived and worked in Nineveh. Alternate translation: "It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"It is as if you have more merchants than there are stars in the sky" or "You have more merchants than anyone could count" # they are like young locusts: they plunder the land and then fly away -Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. diff --git a/nam/03/17.md b/nam/03/17.md index 0f2c9d481f..b6f7c130f7 100644 --- a/nam/03/17.md +++ b/nam/03/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # your commanders are like locusts that camp in the walls on a cold day. But when the sun rises they flee -Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +Nahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. # the place they go to is not known diff --git a/nam/03/18.md b/nam/03/18.md index 6e40574edd..e1ea7683de 100644 --- a/nam/03/18.md +++ b/nam/03/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # your shepherds are asleep; your nobles are lying down resting -These two lines share similar meanings. Nahum speaks of the leaders of Assyria as if they were shepherd who are to care for their sheep. He speaks of the shepherds and rulers dying as if they had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"your leaders who are like shepherds are dead; your rulers are all dead" # Your people are scattered on the mountains -Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were sheep that scatter after the shepherds have died. Alternate translation: "Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains" diff --git a/nam/03/19.md b/nam/03/19.md index a87b3854ac..c1150e0bdd 100644 --- a/nam/03/19.md +++ b/nam/03/19.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# No healing is possible for your wounds. Your wounds are severe - -Nahum speaks of the certainty of the destruction of Nineveh and the defeat of its king as if the king had suffered an incurable wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - # No healing is possible for your wounds -The word "healing" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "No one is able to heal your wounds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"No one is able to heal your wounds" # On whom has your wickedness not trodden continually? -The writer either 1) speaks of wickedness as if it were a person who steps on other people while he goes from one place to another or 2) uses "wickedness" as a metonym for the people who commit it and "trodden" as a metaphor for committing wickedness. This rhetorical question emphasizes the negative answer that it anticipates. Alternate translation: "Your wickedness has continually trodden on everyone." or "There is no one to whom you have not continually done wickedness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +"Your wickedness has continually trodden on everyone." or "There is no one to whom you have not continually done wickedness." diff --git a/nam/03/intro.md b/nam/03/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index c473b29add..0000000000 --- a/nam/03/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Nahum 3 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Euphemism -This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Nahum 3:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../02/intro.md) | __ - diff --git a/nam/front/intro.md b/nam/front/intro.md index 77faae3bf6..9ea1ef5cc5 100644 --- a/nam/front/intro.md +++ b/nam/front/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,5 @@ # Introduction to Nahum -## Part 1: General Introduction - ### Outline of the Book of Nahum 1. Nahum introduces this book (1:1) @@ -14,31 +12,8 @@ The Book of Nahum contains prophecies about how Yahweh would judge and punish Ni Nineveh was the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. The Assyrians had already conquered the northern kingdom of Israel. They were threatening the southern kingdom of Judah. The book gave Judah hope that the Assyrians would be defeated. -### How should the title of this book be translated? - -"The Book of Nahum" or just "Nahum" is the traditional title of this book. Translators may choose to call it "The Sayings of Nahum." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - ### Who wrote the Book of Nahum? The prophet Nahum probably wrote this book. He was a prophet from Elkosh, an unknown city probably in Judah. -Nahum wrote before Nineveh fell in about 612 B.C. Nahum also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which happened about 663 B.C. Therefore, the Book of Nahum was written sometime between 663 and 612 B.C. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts - -### What is the importance of the descriptions of locusts in 3:15–17? - -Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. - -The original language of the Old Testament used various names for locusts. It is uncertain whether these names refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. - -## Part 3: Important Translation Issues - -### What emotions were present in the various speakers in the Book of Nahum? - -When Nahum spoke to the Israelites, he wanted to comfort them. - -When Nahum and Yahweh spoke against the Ninevites, they often mocked them. This manner of speech was similar to speech in the ancient Near East when conquerors laughed at their victims. - -It is important for translators to present both emotions of comfort and of mockery when translating this book. - +Nahum wrote before Nineveh fell in about 612 B.C. Nahum also mentions the destruction of Thebes, a city in Egypt, which happened about 663 B.C. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/01.md b/zec/08/01.md index 5e49d11d0d..17ca969c26 100644 --- a/zec/08/01.md +++ b/zec/08/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" diff --git a/zec/08/02.md b/zec/08/02.md index d303855be9..260be01ada 100644 --- a/zec/08/02.md +++ b/zec/08/02.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # for Zion -Here "Zion" represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: "for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for the people of Zion" or "for the people of Jerusalem" # with great anger -You may need to make explicit that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: "with great anger against her enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"with great anger against her enemies" diff --git a/zec/08/03.md b/zec/08/03.md index 7707aa3292..8059194c97 100644 --- a/zec/08/03.md +++ b/zec/08/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the mountain of Yahweh of hosts -The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. diff --git a/zec/08/04.md b/zec/08/04.md index 3b5167d81e..a8071bab41 100644 --- a/zec/08/04.md +++ b/zec/08/04.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # in his hand because he has grown so old -People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. diff --git a/zec/08/06.md b/zec/08/06.md index 55b8a23b64..b19570c49f 100644 --- a/zec/08/06.md +++ b/zec/08/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # If something seems impossible in the eyes of -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "If something does not appear to be possible to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"If something does not appear to be possible to" # the remnant of this people @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate # in my eyes -The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"to me" # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/08/07.md b/zec/08/07.md index 51c44c8e22..633adaf78b 100644 --- a/zec/08/07.md +++ b/zec/08/07.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # I am about to rescue my people -The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile" # from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun -Possible meanings are 1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: "From the land to the east and from the land to the west" or 2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: "from all lands in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - +"from all lands in every direction" diff --git a/zec/08/08.md b/zec/08/08.md index 969cccdef7..8844a60f70 100644 --- a/zec/08/08.md +++ b/zec/08/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # I will be their God in truth and in righteousness -This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns "truth" and "righteousness." Alternate translation: "I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner" diff --git a/zec/08/09.md b/zec/08/09.md index a59217cbd5..fe45a8cfc9 100644 --- a/zec/08/09.md +++ b/zec/08/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Strengthen your hands -This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: "Be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Be strong and courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/10.md b/zec/08/10.md index 95350964fb..c4300fe75d 100644 --- a/zec/08/10.md +++ b/zec/08/10.md @@ -2,18 +2,10 @@ Here "those days" refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple. -# no crops were gathered in - -"there were no crops to harvest" - # there was no profit for either man or animal It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land because they got no food from it. -# for anyone going or coming - -This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) - # I had set every person each against his neighbor "I had turned everyone against each other" diff --git a/zec/08/11.md b/zec/08/11.md index 8ff3e72744..46db120e07 100644 --- a/zec/08/11.md +++ b/zec/08/11.md @@ -1,16 +1,8 @@ -# But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people - -"But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days" - # in former days -"in the past." The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"in the past." # the remnant of this people -The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: "the people who returned from exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts - -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"the people who returned from exile" diff --git a/zec/08/12.md b/zec/08/12.md index b734941128..0697a4e93e 100644 --- a/zec/08/12.md +++ b/zec/08/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # seeds of peace will be sown -This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "the people will safely sow seed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the people will safely sow seed" # the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew -The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. # inherit all these things diff --git a/zec/08/13.md b/zec/08/13.md index 566cc4348c..66d71cca42 100644 --- a/zec/08/13.md +++ b/zec/08/13.md @@ -1,20 +1,15 @@ # You were an example to the other nations of a curse -The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people" # house of Judah and house of Israel -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: "people of Judah and Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of Judah and Israel" # you will be a blessing -Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: "you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations" or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: "I will give you many good things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel." # let your hands be strong -This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: "be strong and courageous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - -# house of Judah and house of Israel - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: "people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"be strong and courageous" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/08/15.md b/zec/08/15.md index b4b2e393ea..0602dcdf6f 100644 --- a/zec/08/15.md +++ b/zec/08/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # Jerusalem -This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/08/16.md b/zec/08/16.md index e22828b98a..fd415cd4de 100644 --- a/zec/08/16.md +++ b/zec/08/16.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # Speak truth, every person with his neighbor -The abstract noun "truth" can be translated using the adjective "true." Alternate translation: "Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor" # his neighbor @@ -12,9 +12,8 @@ Here "neighbor" means any person, not just someone who lives nearby. # Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates -This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "truth," "justice," and "peace." Alternate translation: "When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other" # in your gates -The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: "in your places of judgment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"in your places of judgment" diff --git a/zec/08/17.md b/zec/08/17.md index a9b74bf920..721de11438 100644 --- a/zec/08/17.md +++ b/zec/08/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/08/18.md b/zec/08/18.md index 855bed9802..e0de5bb34f 100644 --- a/zec/08/18.md +++ b/zec/08/18.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying - -This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said" or "Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - # came to me Here "me" refers to Zechariah. diff --git a/zec/08/19.md b/zec/08/19.md index 2d486f3a8b..0a0bd64313 100644 --- a/zec/08/19.md +++ b/zec/08/19.md @@ -1,32 +1,19 @@ -# The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month - -"The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal]]) - # The fasts of the fourth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. # the fifth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. # the seventh month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. # the tenth month -The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths]]) - -# times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals - -The abstract nouns "joy" and "gladness" can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: "joyful and glad times, with happy festivals" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# the house of Judah - -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. # love truth and peace -The abstract nouns "truth" and "peace" can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: "love what is truthful and peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) - +"love what is truthful and peaceful" diff --git a/zec/08/20.md b/zec/08/20.md index 2c820270ff..6b9420b754 100644 --- a/zec/08/20.md +++ b/zec/08/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # People will come again -The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: "People will come again to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"People will come again to Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/08/21.md b/zec/08/21.md index 6e3a767105..dd2f8196a6 100644 --- a/zec/08/21.md +++ b/zec/08/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # will go to another city -This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: "will go to the people of another city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"will go to the people of another city" # beg Here the word "beg" means to plead or ask urgently. -# before the face of Yahweh - -Here "face" is a metonym for Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - # seek Yahweh of hosts -Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. diff --git a/zec/08/22.md b/zec/08/22.md index fcfe643471..eee7e99778 100644 --- a/zec/08/22.md +++ b/zec/08/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # mighty nations -This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: "people of mighty nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people of mighty nations" diff --git a/zec/08/23.md b/zec/08/23.md index 4de5f86ea0..4146d9dd88 100644 --- a/zec/08/23.md +++ b/zec/08/23.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# will grasp the hem of the robe of a Jew - -The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: "will grasp the hem of the robe of a Jew to get his attention" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - # Let us go with you -The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Let us go to Jerusalem with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"Let us go to Jerusalem with you" # God is with you diff --git a/zec/08/intro.md b/zec/08/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97dc501357..0000000000 --- a/zec/08/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 8 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 8:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/09/01.md b/zec/09/01.md index 0297bc61a8..6c8b483c97 100644 --- a/zec/09/01.md +++ b/zec/09/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning - -"This is Yahweh's message about" - -# the land of Hadrak and Damascus - -Here "Hadrak" and "Damascus" refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: "the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - # Hadrak The location of Hadrak is unknown today. @@ -14,11 +6,6 @@ The location of Hadrak is unknown today. "the resting place of the people of Hadrak" -# for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh - -Some versions translate this as "for Yahweh's eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel." - # the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh -Here "eyes" refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: "all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh" diff --git a/zec/09/02.md b/zec/09/02.md index 8bf87fa935..75a389326f 100644 --- a/zec/09/02.md +++ b/zec/09/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ # Hamath -This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: "the people of the land of Hamath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of the land of Hamath" # Tyre and Sidon -This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Tyre and Sidon" # for they are very wise -Possible meanings are 1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or 2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: "though they think they are very wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) - +"though they think they are very wise" diff --git a/zec/09/03.md b/zec/09/03.md index 8b2698fa3e..8feaa35728 100644 --- a/zec/09/03.md +++ b/zec/09/03.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # built herself a stronghold -Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: "built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"built a strong fortress" or "built a high wall" # heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets -Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: "accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) - +"accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets" diff --git a/zec/09/04.md b/zec/09/04.md index a832187896..0a76f97853 100644 --- a/zec/09/04.md +++ b/zec/09/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Look! The Lord will dispossess her -Here "Look!" tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: "Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" +"Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre's possessions" # destroy her strength on the sea -Tyre's "strength on the sea" refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: "destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"destroy Tyre's ships in which men fight on the sea" # so she will be devoured by fire -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and enemies will burn the city to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"and enemies will burn the city to the ground" diff --git a/zec/09/05.md b/zec/09/05.md index ee8305c991..3bc5c5e649 100644 --- a/zec/09/05.md +++ b/zec/09/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes -These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people of Ashkelon ... the people of Gaza ... the hopes of the people of Ekron" # will see diff --git a/zec/09/06.md b/zec/09/06.md index 6cb96c61d9..60b4a15803 100644 --- a/zec/09/06.md +++ b/zec/09/06.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # I will cut off the pride of the Philistines -Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: "I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer" diff --git a/zec/09/07.md b/zec/09/07.md index cd68e3fed3..65cf7dcb27 100644 --- a/zec/09/07.md +++ b/zec/09/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth -Here "blood" is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and "abominations" is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: "I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols" diff --git a/zec/09/08.md b/zec/09/08.md index 0caf139019..05c1308ce4 100644 --- a/zec/09/08.md +++ b/zec/09/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will camp around my land -God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: "I will protect my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will protect my land" # for now @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land # I see with my own eyes -Here "my own eyes" represent Yahweh's personal attention. Alternate translation: "I will personally watch over my land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will personally watch over my land" diff --git a/zec/09/09.md b/zec/09/09.md index 584ed9561c..169ec5c598 100644 --- a/zec/09/09.md +++ b/zec/09/09.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. - -# Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! - -These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) - # Shout If your language has a word for a shout of victory that is different from a shout to begin a battle, you might want to use it here. # daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem -"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated "daughter of Zion" in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md). +"Zion" is the same as "Jerusalem." # Behold! -This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: "Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" +"Pay attention!" or "Here is a surprising fact!" # He is righteous and victorious @@ -24,5 +16,4 @@ Some modern translations read, "He is righteous and is coming to save you." # on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: "on a young donkey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) - +"on a young donkey" diff --git a/zec/09/10.md b/zec/09/10.md index f08df5ccc9..eadfb0f7e0 100644 --- a/zec/09/10.md +++ b/zec/09/10.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ # cut off the chariot from Ephraim -Here "cut off" is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: "destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" +"destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle" # the horse from Jerusalem -The references to "chariot" and "bow" means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the warhorses in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the warhorses in Jerusalem" # the bow will be cut off from battle -Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: "all weapons of war will be destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"all weapons of war will be destroyed" # for he will speak peace to the nations -Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: "for your king will bring peace to the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for your king will bring peace to the nations" # his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! -The phrases "sea to sea" and "from the River to the ends of the earth" mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: "his kingdom will be over all the earth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"his kingdom will be over all the earth!" # the River diff --git a/zec/09/11.md b/zec/09/11.md index 3d287fc79c..2045e27f45 100644 --- a/zec/09/11.md +++ b/zec/09/11.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13. - # As for you -Here "you" is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." +This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." # the pit where there is no water -This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. diff --git a/zec/09/12.md b/zec/09/12.md index cb16a3ca44..3ede5bf142 100644 --- a/zec/09/12.md +++ b/zec/09/12.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Return to the stronghold -Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: "Come back to your nation where you will be safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Come back to your nation where you will be safe" # prisoners of hope -This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: "prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" +"prisoners who still hope in Yahweh" # return double to you diff --git a/zec/09/13.md b/zec/09/13.md index 92af5f2137..e86fed4c25 100644 --- a/zec/09/13.md +++ b/zec/09/13.md @@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called "Zion." # I have bent Judah as my bow -The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here "Judah" refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: "I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow" # filled my quiver with Ephraim -Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. ( # I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece -God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. diff --git a/zec/09/14.md b/zec/09/14.md index ee27034d81..cf71078b14 100644 --- a/zec/09/14.md +++ b/zec/09/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. - # will appear to them -The word "them" refers to God's people. Alternate translation: "will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" +"will be seen in the sky by his people" or "will come to his people" # his arrows will shoot out like lightning! -The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. # blow the ram's horn @@ -16,5 +12,5 @@ People blew into rams' horns to give signals in battle and on other occasions. H # will advance with the storms from Teman -Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: "will march from Teman with the storm winds" +"will march from Teman with the storm winds" diff --git a/zec/09/15.md b/zec/09/15.md index eb4f078ffa..c5082564a9 100644 --- a/zec/09/15.md +++ b/zec/09/15.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ # they will devour them -"the people of Judah will devour their enemies" - -# will devour - -To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: "will completely defeat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the people of Judah will will completely defeat their enemies" # defeat the stones of the slings -Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the "stones of the slings" represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: "defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones" # Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine -The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: "Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk" # they will be filled with wine like bowls -This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal's blood to the altar. Alternate translation: "they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar" # like the corners of the altar -Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: "they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood" diff --git a/zec/09/16.md b/zec/09/16.md index 9d2d9d7418..27cd0f96c0 100644 --- a/zec/09/16.md +++ b/zec/09/16.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies. - # God will rescue them ... as the flock of his people -The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. # They are the jewels of a crown -The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: "They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"They will be like beautiful stones in a crown" diff --git a/zec/09/17.md b/zec/09/17.md index 897718e3c4..2026001488 100644 --- a/zec/09/17.md +++ b/zec/09/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # How good and how beautiful they will be! -This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: "They will be very good and beautiful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]]) +"They will be very good and beautiful!" # The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! -This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: "All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) +"All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!" # The young men ... the virgins -These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# grain ... sweet wine - -These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. diff --git a/zec/09/intro.md b/zec/09/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c1d2debeb..0000000000 --- a/zec/09/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 9 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecies against other nations -The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 9:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/10/01.md b/zec/10/01.md index 2c845abda4..2d6e67980c 100644 --- a/zec/10/01.md +++ b/zec/10/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel. - # vegetation in the field "causes plants to grow in the field" diff --git a/zec/10/02.md b/zec/10/02.md index 0379acfc97..b21b21106b 100644 --- a/zec/10/02.md +++ b/zec/10/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # household idols speak wickedness -"household idols say evil things." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UDB makes this explicit. +"household idols say evil things." Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. # diviners envision a lie @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # they tell deceitful dreams -It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people" # empty comfort @@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm hel # they wander like sheep -The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: "the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go" # they ... suffer because there is no shepherd -The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: "the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"the people who listen to the false prophets ... are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them" diff --git a/zec/10/03.md b/zec/10/03.md index 3bbda291ab..a9cde54de9 100644 --- a/zec/10/03.md +++ b/zec/10/03.md @@ -1,24 +1,20 @@ -# General Information: - -It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. - # My wrath burns against the shepherds -Here "the shepherds" represent the leaders of God's people. The intensity of Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: "My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire" or "I am very angry with the leaders of my people" # it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish -Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here "male goats" represents the oppressive leaders of God's people. # Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah -Here Yahweh's care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: "Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" +"Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep" # the house of Judah -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" or "the people of Judah" # make them like his warhorse in battle -Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: "will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle" diff --git a/zec/10/04.md b/zec/10/04.md index 979ed7d99f..de4c5dae7f 100644 --- a/zec/10/04.md +++ b/zec/10/04.md @@ -1,22 +1,14 @@ -# General Information: - -It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. - # From Judah will come the cornerstone -"The cornerstone will come from Judah." The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: "One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the cornerstone ... the tent peg ... the war bow - -Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-symlanguage]]) +"One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler" # from him will come the tent peg -"the tent peg will come from him." The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: "the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah" # from him will come the war bow -"the war bow will come from him." Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: "the military leader will come from Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the military leader will come from Judah" # from him will come every ruler together diff --git a/zec/10/05.md b/zec/10/05.md index 9cb3b8399f..ef8176ddea 100644 --- a/zec/10/05.md +++ b/zec/10/05.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ # They will be like warriors ... streets in battle -The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: "They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) - -# who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle - -To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: "who defeat their enemies completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets" # Yahweh is with them -Here "with them" is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will help them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"Yahweh will help them" # they will shame those who ride warhorses -Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: "they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses" diff --git a/zec/10/06.md b/zec/10/06.md index 60698a135d..a676eb2d6e 100644 --- a/zec/10/06.md +++ b/zec/10/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # the house of Judah -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: "Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"Judah" or "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" # the house of Joseph -The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: "Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"Israel" or "the kingdom of Israel" or "the people of Israel" diff --git a/zec/10/07.md b/zec/10/07.md index ffc1c58f50..50e53771e6 100644 --- a/zec/10/07.md +++ b/zec/10/07.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # Ephraim will be like a warrior -"Ephraim" refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: "Ephraim will be very strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"Ephraim will be very strong" # their hearts will rejoice as with wine -Here "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: "and they will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"and they will be very happy" # their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! diff --git a/zec/10/08.md b/zec/10/08.md index 3e4c6aa5f5..84d0f2ead1 100644 --- a/zec/10/08.md +++ b/zec/10/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I will whistle To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here. diff --git a/zec/10/09.md b/zec/10/09.md index 8409fd6f91..fd96cb6c86 100644 --- a/zec/10/09.md +++ b/zec/10/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I sowed them among the peoples -The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. diff --git a/zec/10/10.md b/zec/10/10.md index 496e6545f8..1835ca63ac 100644 --- a/zec/10/10.md +++ b/zec/10/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # until there is no more room for them -The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "and they will completely fill the land" +"and they will completely fill the land" diff --git a/zec/10/11.md b/zec/10/11.md index 6dade4a917..be1b00dd7f 100644 --- a/zec/10/11.md +++ b/zec/10/11.md @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ -# General Information: - -In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. - # I will pass through the sea of their affliction -Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: "I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions" # I will strike the waves of that sea -Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: "I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop" # will dry up all the depths of the Nile @@ -16,9 +12,8 @@ Here to "strike" the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from fo # The majesty of Assyria will be brought down -Here "the majesty of Assyria" probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: "I will destroy Assyria's proud army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will destroy Assyria's proud army" # the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians -Here "the scepter of Egypt" refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: "the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end" diff --git a/zec/10/12.md b/zec/10/12.md index 0c0629ccc3..d5ac38dcf1 100644 --- a/zec/10/12.md +++ b/zec/10/12.md @@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) - +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" diff --git a/zec/10/intro.md b/zec/10/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 271176f07e..0000000000 --- a/zec/10/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 10 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Redemption -This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 10:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/11/01.md b/zec/11/01.md index 8a0a54e56c..7b3f7b385a 100644 --- a/zec/11/01.md +++ b/zec/11/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour -Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here "Lebanon" is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: "People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour" or "People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour" # fire may devour your cedars -Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: "fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"fire may completely destroy your cedars" or "fire may completely burn up your cedars" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/02.md b/zec/11/02.md index 1a645c7559..a80365b7a7 100644 --- a/zec/11/02.md +++ b/zec/11/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Wail, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen -Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: "If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen" # What was glorious has been devastated -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The glorious cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once glorious, but now they are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The glorious cedar trees are no more" or "The cedar trees were once glorious, but now they are ruined" # Wail, you oaks of Bashan, for the impenetrable forest has gone down. -The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: "If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their impenetrable forests are gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their impenetrable forests are gone" # impenetrable forest diff --git a/zec/11/03.md b/zec/11/03.md index e66130732a..8ed806e705 100644 --- a/zec/11/03.md +++ b/zec/11/03.md @@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ # for their glory has been destroyed -Here "their glory" probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: "for their rich pastures are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"for their rich pastures are ruined" # for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated -Here "the pride" probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined" diff --git a/zec/11/04.md b/zec/11/04.md index 05cdfa86eb..d1315fa71d 100644 --- a/zec/11/04.md +++ b/zec/11/04.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - # watch over the flock set aside for slaughter "take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter" diff --git a/zec/11/05.md b/zec/11/05.md index 1f4c87ca14..104826281a 100644 --- a/zec/11/05.md +++ b/zec/11/05.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Those who buy them ... them and are not guilty -The inhabitants of the land do not consider "those who buy them" guilty, but Yahweh does and uses irony to say so. Alternate translation: "Those who buy them ... them, but no one believes they are guilty for doing so" - -# guilty - -You may need to make explicit that Yahweh considers them guilty of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"Those who buy them ... them, but no one believes they are guilty for doing so" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/06.md b/zec/11/06.md index ce51a34682..85e239c39b 100644 --- a/zec/11/06.md +++ b/zec/11/06.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # this is Yahweh's declaration -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" # See! @@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declarin # I myself -The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]]) +The word "myself" is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. # turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them" # none of them will I deliver them from their hand -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"I will not save them from those who are harming them" or "I will not rescue them" diff --git a/zec/11/09.md b/zec/11/09.md index d3c3e0f143..72bc4a417a 100644 --- a/zec/11/09.md +++ b/zec/11/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" diff --git a/zec/11/11.md b/zec/11/11.md index a667de554b..0069987517 100644 --- a/zec/11/11.md +++ b/zec/11/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the covenant was broken -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the covenant ended" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"the covenant ended" # knew that Yahweh had spoken -It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: "knew that Yahweh had given them a message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"knew that Yahweh had given them a message" diff --git a/zec/11/12.md b/zec/11/12.md index f6809d177a..29191dd47e 100644 --- a/zec/11/12.md +++ b/zec/11/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # thirty pieces of silver -It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: "only thirty pieces of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - -# thirty pieces - -"30 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]]) - +"only thirty pieces of silver" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/11/13.md b/zec/11/13.md index b5d072ffd0..1b763c8a06 100644 --- a/zec/11/13.md +++ b/zec/11/13.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# General Information: - -The parable about shepherds and sheep continues. - # treasury -This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as "potter." This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was. +This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. # the excellent price -Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh's work. Alternate translation: "the ridiculously small amount of money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) +"the small amount of money" diff --git a/zec/11/14.md b/zec/11/14.md index 0563cfbaa2..9d2cf2bc58 100644 --- a/zec/11/14.md +++ b/zec/11/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # between Judah and Israel -Here "Judah" represents the people of the southern kingdom and "Israel" represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: "between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"between the people of Judah and the people of Israel" diff --git a/zec/11/15.md b/zec/11/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 59cad4c863..0000000000 --- a/zec/11/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]]) - diff --git a/zec/11/16.md b/zec/11/16.md index 47f758f7ea..99e3f66282 100644 --- a/zec/11/16.md +++ b/zec/11/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land -Here "set in place" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land" or "I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land" # the fattened sheep diff --git a/zec/11/17.md b/zec/11/17.md index ae682e17bb..04eddcf9d2 100644 --- a/zec/11/17.md +++ b/zec/11/17.md @@ -1,18 +1,14 @@ # May the sword -Here "sword" represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: "May enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"May enemies" # come against his arm and his right eye -Here "come against" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye" # his arm -Here "arm" represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# his right eye - -A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Here "arm" represents the power to fight. # his arm wither away diff --git a/zec/11/intro.md b/zec/11/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index de81d5794b..0000000000 --- a/zec/11/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 11 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17. - -### Important figures of speech in this chapter - -#### Metaphor -This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to represent Yahweh's dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -#### Symbolism -The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them "Unity" and "Favor." He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 11:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/12/01.md b/zec/12/01.md index 86014ec5ae..8ebe9fa52d 100644 --- a/zec/12/01.md +++ b/zec/12/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # who stretched out the skies -This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: "the one who created the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"the one who created the sky" # laid the foundation of the earth -This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: "put all the earth into place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"put all the earth into place" # fashions the spirit of mankind within man -This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: "creates the human spirit" +"creates the human spirit" diff --git a/zec/12/02.md b/zec/12/02.md index 7f233230dc..4cf0606f87 100644 --- a/zec/12/02.md +++ b/zec/12/02.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about -Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: "Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about" # into a cup -Here "cup" represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: "into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"into a cup full of wine" or "into a cup full of an alcoholic drink" # surrounding her -Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +Here "her" refers to the city of Jerusalem. diff --git a/zec/12/03.md b/zec/12/03.md index 0a00c9b1f4..3e5bc69bc2 100644 --- a/zec/12/03.md +++ b/zec/12/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all the peoples -Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a very heavy stone. Alternate translation: "It will be like I will make Jerusalem a very heavy stone for all the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"It will be like I will make Jerusalem a very heavy stone for all the peoples" # burdensome stone ... carry diff --git a/zec/12/04.md b/zec/12/04.md index 726a07650a..8e1719d6b5 100644 --- a/zec/12/04.md +++ b/zec/12/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes -Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: "I will do good things for the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will do good things for the house of Judah" or "I will protect the house of Judah" # the house of Judah -Here "house" represents people. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the people of Judah" diff --git a/zec/12/05.md b/zec/12/05.md index f4da35d364..5501b08032 100644 --- a/zec/12/05.md +++ b/zec/12/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # say in their hearts -Here "hearts" represents a person's mind. Alternate translation: "think to themselves" or "say to themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"think to themselves" or "say to themselves" # are our strength -The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as "strong" or "encourage." Alternate translation: "make us strong" or "encourage us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"make us strong" or "encourage us" # Yahweh of hosts, their God diff --git a/zec/12/06.md b/zec/12/06.md index 510194ba21..242b6d5e25 100644 --- a/zec/12/06.md +++ b/zec/12/06.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # like firepots among wood ... standing grain -This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: "like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"like firepots among stacked firewood ... unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field" # firepots @@ -16,13 +12,12 @@ a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or ca # will consume all the surrounding peoples -Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will "devour" them. Alternate translation: "will destroy the surrounding peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"will destroy the surrounding peoples" # on their right and on their left -Here "right" and "left" represent every direction. Alternate translation: "in every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +"in every direction" # Jerusalem will again live in her own place -Here "Jerusalem" represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city" diff --git a/zec/12/07.md b/zec/12/07.md index d4bfd6e713..a296a7f75d 100644 --- a/zec/12/07.md +++ b/zec/12/07.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. - # the tents of Judah -Here "tents" represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"the people of Judah" # the house of David -Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. diff --git a/zec/12/08.md b/zec/12/08.md index d244ebe8d9..231d914b36 100644 --- a/zec/12/08.md +++ b/zec/12/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # those who are weak among them will be like David -This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: "those who are weak will be strong like David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) +"those who are weak will be strong like David" # the angel of Yahweh diff --git a/zec/12/09.md b/zec/12/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/12/10.md b/zec/12/10.md index 333b8ecdb3..64209723d1 100644 --- a/zec/12/10.md +++ b/zec/12/10.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ # I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem -Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: "I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a spirit of compassion and pleading - -Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading. - -# the house of David - -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy" # the one they have pierced @@ -16,5 +8,5 @@ Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of # for an only son -It is understood that the "son" has died. Alternate translation: "for an only son who has died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"for an only son who has died" diff --git a/zec/12/11.md b/zec/12/11.md index d35357283f..7eef90fde4 100644 --- a/zec/12/11.md +++ b/zec/12/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # the wailing in Jerusalem will be like the wailing at Hadad Rimmon -Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. # Megiddo -This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) - +This is the name of a plain in Israel. diff --git a/zec/12/12.md b/zec/12/12.md index 131129eb8a..ae39b87e7b 100644 --- a/zec/12/12.md +++ b/zec/12/12.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ # The land will mourn -This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: "All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan - -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of David ... The descendants of Nathan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"All the people in the land of Judah will mourn" diff --git a/zec/12/13.md b/zec/12/13.md index 75e3145a6e..6d6642d534 100644 --- a/zec/12/13.md +++ b/zec/12/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # The clan of the house of Levi -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "The descendants of Levi" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"The descendants of Levi" diff --git a/zec/12/14.md b/zec/12/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/12/intro.md b/zec/12/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2d494ef2b2..0000000000 --- a/zec/12/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 12 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Prophecy -Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 12:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/13/01.md b/zec/13/01.md index 5e1482ab3a..3074e97a2d 100644 --- a/zec/13/01.md +++ b/zec/13/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # a spring will be opened ... for their sin and impurity -Forgiving the people's sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"it will be like a spring opens ... to cleanse their sin and impurity" # a spring @@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ a place where water flows naturally out of the ground # the house of David -Here "house" represents descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - +"the descendants of David" diff --git a/zec/13/02.md b/zec/13/02.md index a2a5f159c9..5790080fc2 100644 --- a/zec/13/02.md +++ b/zec/13/02.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" # I will cut off the names of the idols from the land -Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would "cut off the names of the idols from the land." Alternate translation: "I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols" # they will no longer be remembered -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that they no longer think about the idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"so that they no longer think about the idols" # I will remove the prophets and the spirit of uncleanness from the land -The prophets may refer to "false prophets." The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: "I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits" # spirit of uncleanness diff --git a/zec/13/03.md b/zec/13/03.md index c75769a24c..0e4aafb66b 100644 --- a/zec/13/03.md +++ b/zec/13/03.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # to prophesy -It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: "to prophesy falsely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"to prophesy falsely" # his father and mother who bore him -The phrase "who bore him" describes "his father and mother" in order to express surprise that someone's own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: "his own father and mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-distinguish]]) +"his own father and mother" # You will not live -This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "You must die" +"You must die" # you speak lies in the name of Yahweh -Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: "you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies" # will pierce diff --git a/zec/13/04.md b/zec/13/04.md index 692dd3fb18..500e7b72cf 100644 --- a/zec/13/04.md +++ b/zec/13/04.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # each prophet -This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: "every false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"every false prophet" # no longer wear a hairy cloak -Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. diff --git a/zec/13/06.md b/zec/13/06.md index abbba0d8c5..5048441335 100644 --- a/zec/13/06.md +++ b/zec/13/06.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # What are these wounds between your arms? -"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"How did you get those cuts on your chest?" This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. # he will answer -It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: "he will lie to him saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"he will lie to him saying" diff --git a/zec/13/07.md b/zec/13/07.md index c4fdb06441..8d886115d8 100644 --- a/zec/13/07.md +++ b/zec/13/07.md @@ -1,26 +1,22 @@ -# General Information: - -Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) - # Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd -"You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd." Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: "You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]]) +"You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd" # my shepherd -This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: "my servant who is like a shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my servant who is like a shepherd" # this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts -Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +"this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared" # the flock will scatter -The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: "my people will run away like sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +"my people will run away like sheep" # I will turn my hand against the lowly ones -The idiom "turn my hand against" means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: "I will attack the lowly ones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"I will attack the lowly ones" # the lowly ones diff --git a/zec/13/08.md b/zec/13/08.md index 963682540c..6ad24a86ac 100644 --- a/zec/13/08.md +++ b/zec/13/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there -People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: "that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-fraction]]) +"that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land" diff --git a/zec/13/09.md b/zec/13/09.md index c03f0f6bcb..d84037f007 100644 --- a/zec/13/09.md +++ b/zec/13/09.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # I will bring that third through the fire -Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. # refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested -Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. # They will call on my name -Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "They will call out to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They will call out to me" diff --git a/zec/13/intro.md b/zec/13/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8014266739..0000000000 --- a/zec/13/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 13 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. - -Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9. - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 13:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__ - diff --git a/zec/14/01.md b/zec/14/01.md index 35a16159cc..6dfe7d0892 100644 --- a/zec/14/01.md +++ b/zec/14/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it. - # A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst -A future time is spoken of as if "a day is coming." The phrase "will be divided" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch" diff --git a/zec/14/02.md b/zec/14/02.md index 8132e6f843..a26d6720b4 100644 --- a/zec/14/02.md +++ b/zec/14/02.md @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ # I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle -Here "every nation" is a generalization that means "many nations." Alternate translation: "I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]]) +"I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem" # the city will be captured -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your enemies will capture the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"your enemies will capture the city" # The houses will be plundered and the women raped -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women" # the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city -Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be "cut off." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) - +"your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city" diff --git a/zec/14/03.md b/zec/14/03.md index a331326dd0..64fc517627 100644 --- a/zec/14/03.md +++ b/zec/14/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle. - # as when he makes war on the day of battle "just as he fought battles in the past" diff --git a/zec/14/04.md b/zec/14/04.md index f9df8acc48..dcffa10886 100644 --- a/zec/14/04.md +++ b/zec/14/04.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives -Here "feet" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +"he will stand on the Mount of Olives" # The Mount of Olives will be split ... by a very great valley -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives ... causing there to be a very great valley" diff --git a/zec/14/05.md b/zec/14/05.md index 178de47864..da0d05efa4 100644 --- a/zec/14/05.md +++ b/zec/14/05.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # you will flee -Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]]) +Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. # between Yahweh's mountains @@ -12,15 +8,15 @@ This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half. # Azel -This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. # You will flee just as you fled -Here "You will" refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, "you fled" refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: "You will flee just as your ancestors fled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"You will flee just as your ancestors fled" # in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah -Here "in the days" is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: "when Uzziah was king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"when Uzziah was king of Judah" # the holy ones diff --git a/zec/14/06.md b/zec/14/06.md index 6edcf5fffd..81a0f91ab2 100644 --- a/zec/14/06.md +++ b/zec/14/06.md @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # On that day "At that time" # there will be no light -It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: "there will be no light from the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"there will be no light from the sun" diff --git a/zec/14/07.md b/zec/14/07.md index 69afd5a314..d0f4d6e077 100644 --- a/zec/14/07.md +++ b/zec/14/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # a day known only to Yahweh -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"only Yahweh knows when that day will begin" or "only Yahweh knows when that time will begin" diff --git a/zec/14/08.md b/zec/14/08.md index 0d7fb4d9ec..509dd31613 100644 --- a/zec/14/08.md +++ b/zec/14/08.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # living waters -This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. # the eastern sea diff --git a/zec/14/09.md b/zec/14/09.md index d41fd8f23e..63c6df58e9 100644 --- a/zec/14/09.md +++ b/zec/14/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone -Here "name" represents Yahweh's reputation or character. Alternate translation: "people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"people will know that Yahweh is the only true God" or "people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God" diff --git a/zec/14/10.md b/zec/14/10.md index cd6d688fd5..295189e661 100644 --- a/zec/14/10.md +++ b/zec/14/10.md @@ -1,32 +1,32 @@ # All the land -It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: "All the land of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"All the land of Judah" # Arabah -This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. # Geba -This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. # Rimmon -This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. # Jerusalem will continue to be raised up -This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word "but." This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But, Jerusalem will remain high up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-connectingwords]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"But, Jerusalem will remain high up" # the Benjamin Gate ... the first gate ... the Corner Gate -These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are 1) "the first gate" and "the Corner Gate" refer to the same gate or 2) "the first gate" and "the Corner gate" are separate gates. # the Tower of Hananel -This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) +This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. # the king's winepresses -This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. diff --git a/zec/14/11.md b/zec/14/11.md index cf02efc345..49386096ec 100644 --- a/zec/14/11.md +++ b/zec/14/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Jerusalem will live in safety -Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. Alternate translation: "The people will live safely in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"The people will live safely in Jerusalem" diff --git a/zec/14/12.md b/zec/14/12.md index b14b91d083..76e784e639 100644 --- a/zec/14/12.md +++ b/zec/14/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # even as they are standing on their feet "while they are still standing up." This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down. diff --git a/zec/14/13.md b/zec/14/13.md index d3d93bcbb2..841e3df9f2 100644 --- a/zec/14/13.md +++ b/zec/14/13.md @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ # that great panic from Yahweh will come among them -The abstract noun "panic" can be stated as "terrified." Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +"Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified" # Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another -These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: "Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) - +"Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other" diff --git a/zec/14/14.md b/zec/14/14.md index 0ddbd32343..87d704ed34 100644 --- a/zec/14/14.md +++ b/zec/14/14.md @@ -1,14 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # Judah will also make war against Jerusalem -Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: "Even the other people in Judah will make war against the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Judah will also make war against Jerusalem - -Some versions of the Bible read, "Judah will also make war at Jerusalem." +"Even the other people in Judah will make war against the people of Jerusalem" # They will gather the wealth diff --git a/zec/14/15.md b/zec/14/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/14/16.md b/zec/14/16.md index e65134c895..183a37f511 100644 --- a/zec/14/16.md +++ b/zec/14/16.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # that came against Jerusalem -Here "came against" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "that attacked Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"that attacked Jerusalem" # will go up from year to year diff --git a/zec/14/17.md b/zec/14/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index d778b3d918..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -This page has intentionally been left blank. - diff --git a/zec/14/18.md b/zec/14/18.md index 04172ab434..2118d08eac 100644 --- a/zec/14/18.md +++ b/zec/14/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ # A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations -Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) - +"Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations" diff --git a/zec/14/19.md b/zec/14/19.md deleted file mode 100644 index 51a6244b19..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/19.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - diff --git a/zec/14/20.md b/zec/14/20.md index 501d8ae557..bbd739871f 100644 --- a/zec/14/20.md +++ b/zec/14/20.md @@ -1,16 +1,11 @@ -# General Information: - -These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. - # the bells of the horses will say "the inscription on the bells of the horses will say" # the basins in the house of Yahweh -These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: "the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple" # will be like the bowls before the altar -It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) - +"will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar" diff --git a/zec/14/21.md b/zec/14/21.md index 9ae4320944..99c9b79462 100644 --- a/zec/14/21.md +++ b/zec/14/21.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple # traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh -It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: "people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) +"people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh" # traders diff --git a/zec/14/intro.md b/zec/14/intro.md deleted file mode 100644 index 623b691450..0000000000 --- a/zec/14/intro.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah 14 General Notes - -### Structure and formatting - -This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) - -### Special concepts in this chapter - -#### Last days - -Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referencing a future "day," the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. - -## Links: - -* __[Zechariah 14:1 Notes](./01.md)__ - -__[<<](../13/intro.md) | __ -