# A container full of sour wine was placed there
You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# sour wine
"bitter wine"
# they put
Here "they" refers to the Roman guards.
# a sponge
a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid
# on a hyssop staff
"on a branch of a plant called hyssop"