These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
The word "How" is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word "instruction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "I hated it so much when someone would instruct me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "I despised people when they corrected me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])