"the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw". God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. In this book, "Israel" serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. Judah's faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband.
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