Hosea is speaking about Israel.

## Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit ##

Israel is compared to a vine that is very fruitful. (See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:13](../09/13.md).). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## a luxuriant vine ##

This vine is producing more fruit than normal.

## As his land produced more, he improved his sacred pillars ##

AT: "With that money they made more stone columns in honor of their idols" (UDB)

## Their heart is deceitful ##

This means that Israel is being dishonest toward Yahweh by their worship of idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

## now they must bear their guilt ##

AT: "but the time has come that they must pay for their sins." (UDB)