# As he thought

"As Joseph thought"

# appeared to him in a dream

"came to him while Joseph was dreaming"

# son of David

Here "son" means "descendant."

# the one who is conceived in her is conceived by the Holy Spirit

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])