# Esau I have hated

Here "hated" implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau.

# Esau I have hated

This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])

# his mountains

This refers to the hill country of Edom.

# I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness

In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there.

# his inheritance

Here "inheritance" stands for the region that Esau's descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])