# How have you loved us?

This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have not shown that you love us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])

# Was not Esau Jacob's brother?

This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation's history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that Esau was Jacob's brother." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])

# declares Yahweh

"Yahweh has solemnly said this"

# I have loved Jacob

Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])

# I have loved Jacob

This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])