Rev. 22:16 #91
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The words “root” and “descendant” mean basically the same thing. Jesus speaks of being a “de- scendant” as if he were a “root” that grew out of David. Together the words emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. See: Metaphor and Doublet
This is one option, but not the only option.
Root can emphasize the Jesus was an ancestor of Jesus' birth as well as his descendant.
Serth V-W wrote a paper about this and it is attested in commentaries
David established old Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, but David’s greatest Son will establish the New Jerusalem. However, Jesus was the ancestor of David, not just His offspring, the root as well as the descendant of David (cf. Isa. 11:1). Consequently He fulfills all the prophecies concerning David’s family. Jesus also called Himself the bright morning star that was prophesied to come the second time (cf. 2:28).
Tom Constable, Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible (Galaxie Software, 2003), Re 22:16.
the Root and the Offspring of David. Christ is the source (root) of David’s life and line of descendants, which establishes His deity.
John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 2025.