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SusanQuigley 2018-08-13 12:58:26 -04:00
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Here "son" means he is the literal son of a Pharisee and also the descendant of
# I have the hope of the resurrection of the dead
Here the word "hope" is a person's confident expectation that what he desires really will happen. The abstract noun "hope" can be translated here with the verbs "confidently expect" or "confidently wait" or "trust." The abstract noun "resurrection" can be expressed with the verb phrase "become alive again." Alternate translation: "I confidently expect the resurrection of the dead" or "I trust that the dead will become alive again" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
Here the word "hope" is a person's confident expectation that what he desires really will happen. The abstract noun "hope" can be translated here with the verbs "confidently expect" or "confidently wait" or "trust." The abstract noun "resurrection" can be expressed with the verb phrase "become alive again." Alternate translation: "I confidently expect the resurrection of the dead" or "I trust that the dead will become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
# the dead

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# so with all thankfulness we welcome everything that you do
The word "thankfulness" is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: "so we are very thankful and we welcome everything that you do" or "so we thank you very much and welcome everything that you do" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnoun)
The word "thankfulness" is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: "so we are very thankful and we welcome everything that you do" or "so we thank you very much and welcome everything that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnoun]])
# most excellent Felix

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# Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?
This is a rhetorical question. The speaker is alerting Saul to what Saul is doing to him, and implying that Saul should not do that. Alternate translation: "Saul, Saul, you are persecuting me." or "Saul, Saul, stop persecuting me." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
This is a rhetorical question. The speaker is alerting Saul to what Saul is doing to him, and implying that Saul should not do that. Alternate translation: "Saul, Saul, you are persecuting me." or "Saul, Saul, stop persecuting me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
# It is hard for you to kick a goad

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# to turn them from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God
Paul convincing people to stop obeying Satan and doing evil things and to start obeying God and doing good things is spoken of as if Paul were taking them out of a dark place where Satan controlled them and into a place where there was light and God controlled them. Alternate translation: "to help them stop doing what is evil, stop obeying Satan, and start trusting and obeying God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
Paul convincing people to stop obeying Satan and doing evil things and to start obeying God and doing good things is spoken of as if Paul were taking them out of a dark place where Satan controlled them and into a place where there was light and God controlled them. Alternate translation: "to help them stop doing what is evil, stop obeying Satan, and start trusting and obeying God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# they may receive from God the forgiveness of sins

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# to the common people and to the great ones about nothing
Here "common people" and "great ones" are used together to mean "all people." Alternate translation: "to all people, whether common or great, about nothing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism)
Here "common people" and "great ones" are used together to mean "all people." Alternate translation: "to all people, whether common or great, about nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
# about nothing more than what

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "everyone abandoned ho
# any more hope that we should be saved was abandoned
Here the word "hope" is a person's thought that what he desires might happen. Here the men on the boat had no reason to believe that they would be rescued, so they quit hoping. Alternate translation: "we quit thinking that we might be saved" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
Here the word "hope" is a person's thought that what he desires might happen. Here the men on the boat had no reason to believe that they would be rescued, so they quit hoping. Alternate translation: "we quit thinking that we might be saved" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
# be saved

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# the hope of Israel
Here the word "hope" is what a person desires to happen and is confident will happen. In this case it is what the people of Israel hope for. Alternate translation: "what Israel joyfully waits for" or "what the people of Israel confidently expect" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
Here the word "hope" is what a person desires to happen and is confident will happen. In this case it is what the people of Israel hope for. Alternate translation: "what Israel joyfully waits for" or "what the people of Israel confidently expect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
# the hope of Israel

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# to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace
Here Paul speaks of "peace" as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: "to live peacefully with one another and remain united, as the Spirit made possible" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Here Paul speaks of "peace" as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: "to live peacefully with one another and remain united, as the Spirit made possible" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]]])

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The abstract noun "love" can be restated with the verb "loving." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: "faithfully loving thousands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
# thousands
"thousands of people." This refers to a great number of people. It may be that "generation" is implied. Alternate translation: "thousands of generations" or "the thousandth generation" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
"thousands of people." This refers to a great number of people. It may be that "generation" is implied. Alternate translation: "thousands of generations" or "the thousandth generation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
# he will by no means clear the guilty

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# every son whom he receives
The word translated "son" is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
The word translated "son" is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])

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# Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand
The word "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
The word "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

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# you do not accept
The word "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
The word "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
# Truly, truly

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# you have testified, look, he is baptizing,
In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate translation: "you have testified, 'Look! He is baptizing,'" or "you have testified. 'Look at that! He is baptizing,'" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate translation: "you have testified, 'Look! He is baptizing,'" or "you have testified. 'Look at that! He is baptizing,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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# the wrath of God stays on him
The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." Alternate translation: "God will continue to punish him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." Alternate translation: "God will continue to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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# so he who eats me
The phrase "eats me" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
The phrase "eats me" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# living Father

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# This is the bread that has come down from heaven
Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: "I am the bread that has come down from heaven" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: "I am the bread that has come down from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
# This is the bread that has come down from heaven
@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understan
# He who eats this bread will live forever
Jesus spoke about himself as "this bread." Alternate translation: "He who eats me, the bread, will live forever" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
Jesus spoke about himself as "this bread." Alternate translation: "He who eats me, the bread, will live forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
# He who eats this bread
Here "eats this bread" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
Here "eats this bread" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# the fathers

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some backgrou
# his brothers
All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "his younger brothers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit)
All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]])

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# when his brothers
All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "when his younger brothers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit)
All of Jesus' brothers were younger than he was. This can be made explicit in the translation as long as it does not suggest that Jesus also had older brothers. Alternate translation: "when his younger brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-explicit]])
# he also went up

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# Connecting Statement:
Job continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
Job continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
# inquire after my iniquity

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# he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth
Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Jonah used this rhetorical question to show God how angry he was. Also, what Jon
This was Jonah's reason for going to Tarshish instead of to Nineveh. He did not want to go to Nineveh and preach to the people there, because he did not want them to turn from their sins, and he did not want God to be kind to them.
# abounding in steadfast love
The abstract noun "love" can be expressed with the verb "love." Alternate translation: "always willing to love people without ceasing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
The abstract noun "love" can be expressed with the verb "love." Alternate translation: "always willing to love people without ceasing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
# you hold back from sending disaster

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# so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect
Here "lead astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. This can be translated as two sentences. Alternate translation: "so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect" or "so as to deceive people. If possible, they would even deceive the elect" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Here "lead astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. This can be translated as two sentences. Alternate translation: "so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect" or "so as to deceive people. If possible, they would even deceive the elect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]]])

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# leads you astray
Here "leads you astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: "deceives you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Here "leads you astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: "deceives you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]]])

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# they will lead many astray
Here "lead ... astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: "they will deceive many people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Here "lead ... astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe what is not true. Alternate translation: "they will deceive many people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]]])
# in my name

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# does not hear
The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
# has no reply
The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

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# and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness
The abstract nouns "love" and "faithfulness" can be expressed with the verb "love" and the adjective "faithful." Alternate translation: "and always loving your people and always being faithful to them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
The abstract nouns "love" and "faithfulness" can be expressed with the verb "love" and the adjective "faithful." Alternate translation: "and always loving your people and always being faithful to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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# Buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and brilliant white garments so you may clothe yourself and not show the shame of your nakedness, and salve to anoint your eyes so you will see
Here to "buy" represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The "gold refined by fire" represents spiritual wealth. The "brilliant white garments" represents rightousness. And the "salve to anoint your eyes" represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: "Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
Here to "buy" represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The "gold refined by fire" represents spiritual wealth. The "brilliant white garments" represents rightousness. And the "salve to anoint your eyes" represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: "Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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# So faith comes from hearing
The abstract noun "faith" can be stated as the verb "believes." There are also words that Paul left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "So a person believes in Christ by hearing the message about Christ (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis)
The abstract noun "faith" can be stated as the verb "believes." There are also words that Paul left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "So a person believes in Christ by hearing the message about Christ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
# and hearing by the word of Christ
Here "word" is a metonym that means "message." There are also words that Paul left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "and a person hears the message by someone preaching the message about Christ" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis)
Here "word" is a metonym that means "message." There are also words that Paul left out, but they are understood. Alternate translation: "and a person hears the message by someone preaching the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])

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Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.
In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.
In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####