PDF Isaiah 1-10 almost

1sa/28/03.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-# Now Samuel ... with spirits
+# Now Samuel ... spiritists
 
 The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
 
-# banned from the land
+# banned .. from the land
 
-officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering Alternate translation: "expel from Israel"
+He had officially removed them from the country or region, or prevented from entering. Alternate translation: "expelled ... from Israel"
 
-# those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits
+# sorcerers and spiritists
 
-The phrase "those who talked with the dead" translates  one word from the original language, and the phrase "those who ... talked with spirits" also translates one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here.
+"those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits." If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here.
 

1sa/28/09.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# those who talk with the dead or with spirits
+# sorcerers and spiritists
 
-The words "those who talk with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talk with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
+"those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits." If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
 
 # my life
 

deu/18/11.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# one who casts spells or talks with the dead, or a spiritist, or one who seeks the dead
+# one who casts spells or a sorcerer or a spiritist or one who seeks the dead
 
 This is a description of people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can treat this list as a doublet and translate more generally. Alternate translation: "anyone who uses magic to cast spells or to talk to the spirits of dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
 

isa/01/09.md

@@ -2,13 +2,9 @@
 
 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# If Yahweh of hosts had not left for us a small remnant
+# If Yahweh of hosts had not left for us a few survivors
 
-This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. Yahweh actually did leave a small remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hypo]])
+This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. Yahweh actually did leave a few survivors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hypo]])
-
-# a small remnant
-
-"a few survivors"
 
 # us ... we
 

isa/02/11.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 "Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man." A man with a "lofty gaze" is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# the pride of men will be brought down
+# the haughtiness of men will be brought down
 
-"The pride of men" here is a metonym for proud people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bring down proud men" or "Yahweh will make proud people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+"The haughtiness of men" here is a metonym for haughty people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bring down haughty men" or "Yahweh will make haughty people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # Yahweh alone will be exalted
 

isa/07/11.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# ask for it in the depths or in the height above
+# ask for it in Sheol below or in the height above
 
-Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
+Yahweh uses the words "Sheol" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
 
-# depths ... height
+# the height
 
-The abstract nouns "depths" and "height" can be translated with prepositions. "places far below you ... places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+The abstract noun "height" can be translated with a preposition. "places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

isa/08/06.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The words "gentle waters" are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. Alternate tran
 
 "this people group." If your language needs a plural here, you can translate this phrase and the following verbs as "these people have refused ... are happy."
 
-# is happy over Rezin and Remaliah's son
+# rejoices over Rezin and the son of Remaliah
 
 The full meaning can be made explicit. See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: "is happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

isa/08/09.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will break your arm
 
 Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
 
-# arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces
+# gird yourselves and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves and be broken in pieces
 
-This is basically the same thing, stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+Yahweh is mocking the peoples and saying that no matter how they prepare for war, he will defeat them. These words are stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will prepare yourselves for battle, but I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
 

isa/08/11.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here "his strong hand upon me" is an idiom that refers to Yahweh's power. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
 
-# warned me not to walk in the way of this people.
+# admonished me not to walk in the way of this people.
 
-This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. Alternate translation: "warned me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]])
+This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. Alternate translation: "admonished me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]])
 

isa/08/19.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Isaiah is speaking.
 
-# They will say to you, "Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living?
+# They will say to you, "Consult with sorcerers and spiritists," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living?
 
 Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!"
 

isa/08/22.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# oppressive gloom
+# gloom that causes anguish
 
-"terrible sadness"
+"darkness that makes them very sad"
 
-# They will be driven into a land of darkness
+# They will be banished to thick darkness
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/09/04.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]])
 
-# For the yoke of his burden ... you have shattered as on the day of Midian
+# For the yoke of his burden ... you have broken to pieces as on the day of Midian
 
 Isaiah speaks of the Israelites, who are the Assyrians' slaves, as if they were an ox wearing a yoke. This will happen in the future, but he speaks as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: "For as on the day of Midian you will set the people of Israel free from being slaves to their oppressors like a person removes a yoke from the shoulders of an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]])
 

isa/09/06.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. A
 
 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "us" refers to both the speaker and the hearer and so is inclusive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For the Lord will give to us a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
-# the rule will be on his shoulder
+# the government will be on his shoulder
 
 His authority to rule is spoken of as if it were the robe that is a symbol of his authority. Alternate translation: "he will wear his royal robe on his shoulder" or "he will have authority to rule as king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/09/19.md

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Translate "Yahweh of hosts" as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated
 
 # No man spares his brother
 
-To "spare" someone means to save them from harm. Alternate translation: "No one does anything to help his own brother escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
+"No one stops himself from harming his own brother" or "Everyone harms even his own brother." To "spare" a person means to want to harm him but to not harm him.
 

isa/09/20.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # They will grab food on the right hand ... on the left hand
 
-This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+"They will grab food that lies to the right of them ... that lies to the left of them." They will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
 
 # Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm
 

isa/10/01.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# to those who enact unjust laws and write unfair decrees
+# to those who decree unjust decrees and write unjust laws
 
 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 

isa/10/05.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This word marks the beginning of God's announcement about a severe punishment ag
 
 This refers to the king of Assyria.
 
-# the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury
+# the rod of my anger, the staff by whom I wield my fury
 
-Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/10/06.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. Alternate translation: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
-# against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath
+# against a godless nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath
 
 "to attack a nation full of proud people who have made me very angry"
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God
 
 Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; "the people" are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. Alternate translation: "at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# to take the spoil
+# to take the plunder
 
 "to take everything they have"
 

isa/10/12.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "When I, the Lord, have fin
 
 his work of punishing. "punishing ... and punishing"
 
-# I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks
+# I will punish the fruit of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks
 
-"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face"
+"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he has said and the look of pride on his face"
 

isa/10/15.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. Alternate translat
 
 a sharp tool used for cutting wood
 
-# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person
+# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a staff could lift up a person
 
 These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 

isa/10/24.md

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ The words "rod" and "staff" refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to
 
 The word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army will strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
+# rod ... staff
+
+See how you translated these words in [Isaiah](../10/05.md).
+
 # as the Egyptians did
 
 The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])

isa/10/33.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am abou
 
 See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
 
-# will lop off the boughs ... the lofty will be brought low
+# will lop off the boughs ... the lofty will be brought down
 
 Isaiah speaks of the army of Assyria as if it were the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong, God has the power to destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will cut down the
 
 This is a metaphor for "the strongest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# the lofty will be brought low
+# the lofty will be brought down
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will bring down the lofty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/19/03.md

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/
 
 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
-# I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of ... spiritualists
+# I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of ... spiritists
 
-"They sought the advice of ... spiritualists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice"
+"They sought the advice of ... spiritists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice"
 
 # I will destroy his advice
 
 Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or 2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "advice" is expressed as the verb "advise." Alternate translation: "I will confuse those who advise the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# mediums ... spiritualists
+# sorcerers ... spiritists
 
 These are people who claim to speak with those who have died.
 

lev/19/31.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# spiritists or familiar spirits
+# sorcerers or spiritists
 
-The phrase "familiar spirits" may be a metonym for those spiritists who communicate with familiar spirits, in which case the phrase "spiritists or familiar spirits" may be a doublet. Alternate translation: "anyone who communicates with the world of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
+"anyone who communicates with the world of the dead"
 
 # Do not seek them out, or they will defile you
 

neh/12/17.md

@@ -6,7 +6,3 @@ These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
 These are all names of families that are named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
-# Moadiah
-
-Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah.
-