PDF Isaiah 1-25

isa/01/30.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# For you will be like an oak whose leaf fades, and like a garden that has no water
+# For you will be like an oak whose leaf withers, and like a garden that has no water
 
 Water gives life to trees and gardens. The people have cut themselves off from Yahweh, who gives them life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 

isa/16/04.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab
+# Let them live among you, the outcasts from Moab
 
 "Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah.
 

isa/17/10.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Here "you" refers to the people of Israel. The word "forgotten" does not mean th
 
 "the God who saves you"
 
-# have ignored the rock of your strength
+# have ignored the rock of your refuge
 
 This compares God to a large rock which people could climb on to get away from their enemies or hide behind. Alternate translation: "have ignored God, who is like a rock that protects you" or "have ignored the one who protects you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/18/02.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The Nile River was very wide, and people in Egypt and Cush referred to it as "th
 
 Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. Alternate translation: "papyrus boats" or "boats made of reeds" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]])
 
-# a nation tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and trampling down, whose land the rivers divide
+# a nation tall and smooth ... a people feared far and near ... a nation strong and treading down, whose land the rivers divide
 
 These phrases all describe the people of one nation.
 
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ The word "nation" here refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translatio
 
 The words "far" and "near" are used together to mean "everywhere." Alternate translation: "a people who are feared everywhere" or "a people that everyone in the earth fears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
 
-# a nation strong and trampling down
+# a nation strong and treading down
 
-Trampling down represents conquering other nations. Alternate translation: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Treading down represents conquering other nations. Alternate translation: "a nation that is strong and conquers other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # the rivers divide
 

isa/18/04.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ God uses a parable about a farmer in a vineyard in order to describe how he will
 
 What God will observe can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I will quietly observe that nation from my home" or "From my home, I will quietly watch what the people of that nation do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# like the simmering heat in sunshine, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest
+# like the simmering heat in sunlight, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest
 
 These phrases show how quietly God will watch the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 

isa/18/06.md

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 God seems to change from telling the parable to speaking more directly about the nation. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Those who are killed will be left together" or "Like branches that are cut off and thrown away, the bodies of those who are killed will be left on the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables]])
 
-# The birds will summer on them
+# The birds of prey will spend the summer on them
 
-"The birds will eat them during the summer." The word "birds" refers to birds that eat the flesh of dead bodies.
+"The birds of prey will eat them during the summer"
 
 # all the animals of the earth
 
 "all kinds of wild animals"
 
-# will winter on them
+# will spend harvest time on them
 
 "will eat them in the winter"
 

isa/19/04.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master
+# I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a severe master
 
-Here "hand" refers to power or control. Alternate translation: "I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Here "hand" refers to power or control. Alternate translation: "I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a severe master" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts
 

isa/19/08.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will grieve
+# The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will waste away
 
 These three phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will grieve can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "The fishermen who catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because the fish in the Nile have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ throw
 
 In order to catch fish, some people toss a net on the water. When fish get caught in it, they pull the net with the fish out of the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]])
 
-# will become weak
+# will waste away
 
 "will grieve." This weakness probably comes from grief.
 

isa/19/10.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 Being crushed represents being discouraged. Alternate translation: "will be discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# work for hire
+# work for wages
 
 "work for pay"
 

isa/19/11.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# The princes of Zoan are completely foolish. The advice of the wisest advisors of Pharaoh has become senseless
+# The princes of Zoan are completely foolish. The advice of the wisest advisors of Pharaoh has become stupid
 
-These two phrases are similar in meaning. Either the princes of Zoan are also the wisest advisors or Pharaoh, or they are another group of people that also are shown to be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
+These two phrases are similar in meaning. Either the "princes of Zoan" are also "the wisest advisors of Pharaoh," or they are another group of people that also are shown to be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
 # Zoan
 

isa/20/03.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# an omen
+# a wonder
 
 "a warning"
 

isa/21/02.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# A distressing vision has been given to me
+# A severe vision has been given to me
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh showed me a troubling vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/22/05.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 # treading down
 
-These words could refer to 1) soldiers marching or 2) people in general who are running in panic and not sure where to go.
+Treading down represents conquering other nations. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 18:2](../18/02.md). Alternate translation: "conquest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # in the Valley of Vision
 

isa/22/19.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# I will thrust you from your office and from your station. You will be pulled down
+# I will force you out of your office and from your station. You will be pulled down
 
 Yahweh causing Shebna to no longer work in the king's palace is spoken of as if Yahweh will throw him to the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/22/25.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This continues the imagery from [Isaiah 22:23-24](./23.md).
 
 Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his authority in the king's palace is spoken of as if Shebna were a peg in the wall that breaks off and falls to the ground. This emphasizes that Shebna thought his authority was secure but God will remove him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# the weight that was on it will be cut off
+# the load that was on it will be cut off
 
-Here "weight" represents Shebna's power and authority. It is spoken of as if it were an object hanging on the peg that represents Shebna. Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his power and authority is spoken of as if someone were to cut off the object that was hanging on the peg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Here "load" represents Shebna's power and authority. It is spoken of as if it were an object hanging on the peg that represents Shebna. Yahweh causing Shebna to lose his power and authority is spoken of as if someone were to cut off the object that was hanging on the peg. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/23/04.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea ... nor brought up young women
+# for the sea has spoken, the fortress of the sea ... nor brought up young women
 
-Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
+Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre ([Isaiah 23:1](../23/01.md)) as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or 2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children have been destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
+
+# young men ... young women
+
+Or "sons and daughters." Some modern translations read, "young men ... virgins," but the emphasis here is on the girls' youth, in parallel with "young men," not on their sexual purity.
 

isa/23/17.md

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ This phrase is used here to mark an important event that will happen. If your la
 
 Here "Tyre" represents the people who live in Tyre. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will help the people of Tyre" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# she will start making money again by doing the work of a prostitute ... of the earth
+# she will start making her prostitute's wages again by doing the work of a prostitute ... of the earth
 
 Isaiah compares the people of Tyre with a prostitute. Just as the prostitute sells herself for money to any man, the people of Tyre will again buy and sell to all kingdoms. Alternate translation: "And like a prostitute they will buy and sell will all the kingdoms of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# she will start making her prostitute's wages again
+
+"once again she will begin making as much money as she made when she was a prostitute"
+

isa/23/18.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# prostitute's wages
+
+See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 23:17](../23/17.md). 
+
 # They will not be stored up or kept
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The merchants will not store away their money" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])

isa/24/03.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# The earth will be completely devastated and completely stripped
+# The earth will be completely devastated and completely plundered
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove everything with value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will completely devastate the earth and he will remove from it everything of value" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # Yahweh has spoken this word
 

isa/24/04.md

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-# The earth dries up and withers, the world shrivels up and fades away
-
-These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Everything on earth will dry up and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
-
 # The earth ... the world
 
-Both of these represent everything that is on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Both of these are metonyms for everything that is on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

isa/24/20.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# The earth will stagger like a drunken man and it will sway back and forth like a hut
+# The earth will stagger like a drunkard, and it will sway back and forth like a hut
 
-These similes emphasize how the earth will shake back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+These similes emphasize how the earth will shake back and forth, which is a metaphor for how sin will cause the people of the earth to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
 # Its sin will be heavy on it and it will fall and never rise again
 

isa/25/06.md

@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ This refers to Jerusalem or Mount Zion.
 
 See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
 
-# a feast of fat things
+# refined choice wines
 
-Here "fat things" means the best food.
+choice wine that has been refined, the best wine
-
-# a feast on the lees
-
-"the oldest wine." This means the best wine.
 

isa/25/12.md

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-# Your high fortress walls he will bring down, he will abase, he will cause to fall
+# The stronghold of your fortress walls he will bring down, he will abase, he will cause to fall
 
-This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. To "abase" the "wall" is a metonym for humiliating the Moabites by destroying the walls they were proud of. Alternate translation: "He will send an army to humiliate you by bringing down your high fortress walls and making them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. To "abase" the "wall" is a metonym for humiliating the Moabites by destroying the walls they were proud of. Alternate translation: "He will send an army to humiliate you by bringing down the stronghold of your fortress walls and making them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# Your high fortress
+# your fortress
 
-Here "Your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. Alternate translation: "Their high fortress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
+Here "your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. Alternate translation: "their fortress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 
 # bring down ... abase
 
 See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md).
 
-98

isa/33/09.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# The land mourns and withers away
+# The land mourns and wastes away
 
 This speaks of the land becoming dry as if it were a person mourning. Alternate translation: "The land becomes dry and its plants wither away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])