ULB updates

act/02/22.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md)
 
 "listen to what I am about to say"
 
-# accredited to you by God with the mighty deeds, and wonders, and signs
+# accredited to you by God with the mighty deeds and wonders and signs
 
 This means that God proved that he had appointed Jesus for his mission, and proved who he was by his many miracles.
 

act/04/30.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The believers complete the prayer that they began in [Acts 4:24](../04/24.md).
 
-# Stretch out your hand to heal, and to give
+# Stretch out your hand to heal and to give
 
 Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. Alternate translation: "Show your power by healing people and by giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 

act/05/34.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Gamaliel addresses the council members.
 
-# Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people
+# Gamaliel, a teacher of the law who was honored by all the people
 
 Luke introduces Gamaliel and provides background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 

act/08/03.md

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
-# dragged out men and women
-
-Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their homes and put them into prison.
-
 # house after house
 
 "houses one by one"
 
-# dragged out men and women
+# dragged off men and women
 
-"took away men and women by force"
+"took away men and women by force." Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their homes and put them into prison.
 
 # men and women
 
 This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
+# Pending [ULB issue 1870](https://git.door43.org/WycliffeAssociates/en_ulb/issues/1870)

act/11/26.md

@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-n
 
 "Barnabas and Saul gathered together with the church"
 
-# The disciples were called Christians
+# The disciples were first called Christians in Antioch
 
-This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+This implies that it was other people who called the believers Christians. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People in Antioch were the fist to call the disciples Christians" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-
-# first in Antioch
-
-"for the first time in Antioch"
 

act/13/50.md

@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ This probably refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: "the Jew
 
 "the most important men"
 
-# These stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas
+# they stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas
 
-"They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas"
+"they convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas"
 
-# threw them out beyond the border of their city
+# threw them out of their region
 
-"removed Paul and Barnabas from their city"
+"made Paul and Barnabas leave their land"
+
+# region
+
+Here this word refers to the area that the people of the city considered their own, not to land within an official government border.
 

act/14/04.md

@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpfu
 
 Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here "apostle" might be used in the general sense of "ones sent out."
 
+# Pending [ULB issue 1870](https://git.door43.org/WycliffeAssociates/en_ulb/issues/1870)

act/14/05.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# attempted to persuade their leaders
+# made an attempt to mistreat them
 
-"tried to convince the leaders of Iconium." Here "attempted" implies they were not able to fully persuade them before the apostles left the city.
+Here the words "made an attempt" implies that they were not able to mistreat Paul and Barnabas before Paul and Barnabas left the city.
 
-# to mistreat and stone Paul and Barnabas
+# to mistreat them and to stone
 
 "to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them"
 

act/15/08.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The word "them" refers to the Gentiles, and both instances of "you" are plural.
 
 Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# witnesses to them
+# has testified to them
 
-"witnesses to the Gentiles"
+"has testified to the Gentiles"
 
 # giving them the Holy Spirit
 

act/15/09.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word "he" refers to God, the word "us" refers to the speaker and the hearers
 
 God did not treat Jewish believers differently from Gentile believers.
 
-# making their hearts clean by faith
+# having made their hearts pure by faith
 
-God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken of as though he cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken of as though he cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believe in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 

act/16/01.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is the name of a city in Asia Minor. See how you translated it in [Acts 14:
 
 The word "behold" alerts us to a new person in the narrative. Your language may have a way of doing this.
 
-# who believed
+# who was a believer
 
-The words "in Christ" are understood. Alternate translation: "who believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+The words "in Christ" are understood. Alternate translation: "who was a believer in Christ" or "who believed in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 

act/21/26.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 These are the 4 men who made a vow.
 
-# purifying himself with them
+# he purified himself along with them
 
 Before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with Jews having contact with Gentiles.
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ They did not go into the temple itself where only the high priest was allowed to
 
 This is a separate purification process from the purification process which they were required to fulfill in order to enter the temple area.
 
-# until the offering was offered
+# the offering would be presented
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until they presented the animals for an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they presented the animals for an offering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 

act/22/04.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Here "this Way" represents the people who belonged to the group called "the Way.
 
 This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated "the Way" in [Acts 9:2](../09/02.md).
 
-# binding up and delivering them to prison, both men and women
+# binding up and delivering to prison both men and women
 
 "tying up both men and women and taking them to prison"
 

act/22/05.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-# can bear witness
-
-"can testify" or "can tell you"
-
 # I received letters from them
 
 "The high priests and elders gave me letters"
@@ -14,7 +10,7 @@ Here "brothers" refers to "fellow Jews."
 
 "to bind those of the Way with chains and bring them back to Jerusalem"
 
-# in order for them to be punished
+# to be punished
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that they would receive punishment" or "so that the Jewish authorities could punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 

act/25/03.md

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 
 Here the word "him" refers to Festus.
 
-# that Festus might summon Paul to Jerusalem
+# to have him transferred to Jerusalem
 
-This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem"
+This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that Festus might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem"
 
-# so that they could kill him along the way
+# for they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way
 
-They were going to ambush Paul, but Festus was not aware of this part of their plan.
+They were going to hide along the road and kill Paul as he was passing by, but Festus was not aware of this part of their plan.
 
+# Pending [ULB issue 1870](https://git.door43.org/WycliffeAssociates/en_ulb/issues/1870)

act/27/02.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# We boarded a ship from Adramyttium, which was about to sail along
+# We boarded a ship from Adramyttium which was about to sail along the coast of Asia
 
-If your language requires a person to act here, you can add human actors. "We boarded a ship that people had brought from Adramyttium; they were about to sail it along."
+If your language requires a person to act here, you can add human actors: "We boarded a ship that people had brought from Adramyttium; they were about to sail it along."
 
 # a ship from Adramyttium
 

act/27/41.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-# they came to a place where two currents met
+# a sandbar
 
-A current is water continuously flowing in one direction. Sometimes one current can flow across another. This may cause the sand under the water to pile up, making the water shallower.
+an underwater pile of sand that made the water suddenly shallow
 
-# The bow of the ship
+# The bow
 
-"The front of the ship"
+the front end of the ship
 
 # the stern
 
-"the back of the ship"
+"the back end of the ship"
 

col/02/08.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as thou
 The "tradition of men" may refer to Jewish traditions, while "the elemental spirits of the world" refers to  pagan (Gentile) belief systems. Both of these are worthless. 
 
 
-# the elemental spirits of the world  
+# the elemental spirits of the world
 
 Possible meanings are 1) this refers to spiritual powers that some people thought control what happens on earth, or 2) this refers to the laws or moral principles of the world.
 

heb/05/12.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# basic principles
+# elementary principles
 
 Here "principles" means a guideline or standard for making decisions. Alternate translation: "basic truths"
 

rom/07/25.md

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
 # But thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord
 
-This is the answer to the question in 7:24.
+This is the answer to the question in [7:24](./24.md).
 
-# So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind. However, with the flesh I serve the principle of sin
+# So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind. However, with the flesh I serve the law of sin
 
-The mind and flesh are used here to show how they compare to serve either God's law or the principle of sin. With the mind or intellect one can choose to please and obey God and with the flesh or physical nature to serve sin. Alternate translation: "My mind chooses to please God, but my flesh chooses to obey sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+The law of God and the law of sin are spoken of as if they were masters whom Paul serves as a slave. With the mind or intellect Paul chooses to please and obey God, and with the flesh or physical nature he chooses to disobey God and to sin. Alternate translation: "My mind chooses to please God by obeying the law of Moses, but my flesh chooses to disobey God and sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
+# the law of God
+
+These words refer to the law of Moses, which was God's commands in written form.
+
+# the law of sin
+
+These words refer to the natural human desire to rebel against God and disobey him. Paul calls this a law because he has observed that this is the way people live. It is not a collection of written commands.
 

rom/12/04.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 Paul uses this word to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others.
 
-# we have many members in one body
+# we have many parts in one body
 
 Paul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# members
+# parts
 
 These are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
 

rom/12/05.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# are individually members of each other
+# are individually parts of each other
 
 Paul speaks of the believers as if God had physically joined them together like the parts of the human body. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has joined each believer together with all other believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])