diff --git a/eph/01/11.md b/eph/01/11.md
index 1f217ae84b..bcd4d69d47 100644
--- a/eph/01/11.md
+++ b/eph/01/11.md
@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-# we were appointed by lot
-
-Possible meanings of this metaphor are that it is as if God chose 1) to inherit Paul and the Ephesians as God's own or 2) to bless Paul and the Ephesians as God's heirs. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God appointed us by lot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
-
-# we were appointed
-
-Paul is writing about things that are true for both himself and the Ephesians, so the word "we" is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]])
-
-# lot, predestined
-
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "lot. God chose us ahead of time" or "lot. God chose us long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+# we were given an inheritance, having been predestined according to the plan of him who works
 
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave us an inheritance, having predestined us according to his plan. For he works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gal/03/04.md b/gal/03/04.md
index 4e440b2aac..99c90d829e 100644
--- a/gal/03/04.md
+++ b/gal/03/04.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Have you suffered so many things for nothing—if indeed it was in vain?
+# Have you suffered so many things for nothing—if indeed it was for nothing?
 
 Paul uses this question to rebuke the Galatians for behaving as though their faith in Christ and their suffering for it were for nothing. Alternate translation: "You have suffered so many things: Do not let it be for nothing!" or "You suffered so many things from those who opposed your faith in Christ. If you now think that righteousness comes by obeying the law, then your suffering was for nothing!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Paul uses this question to rebuke the Galatians for behaving as though their fai
 
 The Galatians had believed that God makes people righteous because they trust in Jesus Christ, not because they obey the law. Because of this, they suffered many things from those who opposed their faith in Christ.
 
-# in vain
+# for nothing
 
 "uselessly" or "without benefit to you"
 
diff --git a/gal/04/11.md b/gal/04/11.md
index c782d91ab2..0becb52ac8 100644
--- a/gal/04/11.md
+++ b/gal/04/11.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# may have been in vain
+# may have been for nothing
 
 "may have been useless" or "has not had any effect"
 
diff --git a/jer/30/10.md b/jer/30/10.md
index 98c4065571..2316a0413b 100644
--- a/jer/30/10.md
+++ b/jer/30/10.md
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declarin
 
 The abstract noun "captivity" can be translated using the noun "captive." Alternate translation: "from the place where they were captives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# Jacob will return ... he will be secure
+# Jacob will return ... he will rest secure
 
-Jacob's name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: "Jacob will return to his own land ... he will be secure" or "The descendants of Jacob will return ... they will be secure" or "You descendants of Jacob will return ... you will be secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+Jacob's name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: "Jacob will return to his own land ... he will rest secure" or "The descendants of Jacob will return ... they will rest secure" or "You descendants of Jacob will return ... you will rest secure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
 # secure
 
diff --git a/jer/46/05.md b/jer/46/05.md
index 53b7d12225..279863af8d 100644
--- a/jer/46/05.md
+++ b/jer/46/05.md
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ Jeremiah's vision for Egypt continues.
 
 The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Look at what is happening here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# They are filled with terror
-
-The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." Alternate translation: "The Egyptian soldiers are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
-
 # their soldiers have been completely destroyed
 
 The phrase "completely destroyed" is an exaggeration for complete defeat. This may be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the enemy has completely destroyed their soldiers" or "the enemy has killed all their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
diff --git a/jer/46/12.md b/jer/46/12.md
index e8f0728b26..2f5cf0684f 100644
--- a/jer/46/12.md
+++ b/jer/46/12.md
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
 
-# The earth is filled with your laments
+# The earth is filled with your cry of distress
 
-Here "earth" is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: "All the people of the earth hear you crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Here "earth" is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their cry of distress filled the earth. Alternate translation: "All the people of the earth hear you crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together
 
diff --git a/jer/46/15.md b/jer/46/15.md
index bb3ad7c728..41385ccd45 100644
--- a/jer/46/15.md
+++ b/jer/46/15.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand
+# Why are your mighty ones facedown on the ground? They will not stand
 
 Some Bibles translate this as "Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?" Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULB and other versions of the Bible translate this as "strong ones" or "mighty ones," which refers to soldiers.
 
-# Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand
+# Why are your mighty ones facedown on the ground? They will not stand
 
-Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Your soldiers are facedown on the ground and will not stand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
diff --git a/jer/48/30.md b/jer/48/30.md
index 0b2c77ed4e..5ba5806b5b 100644
--- a/jer/48/30.md
+++ b/jer/48/30.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# I myself know his defiant speech
+# I myself know his arrogant speech
 
-The word "myself" is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab's defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
+The word "myself" is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab's arrogant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
 
 # his arrogant speech ... like his deeds
 
diff --git a/jer/50/13.md b/jer/50/13.md
index 00d8c9b130..cd2ee9579f 100644
--- a/jer/50/13.md
+++ b/jer/50/13.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The abstract noun "devastation" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# shudder
+# be appalled
 
 shake violently due to fear
 
diff --git a/jer/50/14.md b/jer/50/14.md
index 4adabac632..3c563ac49d 100644
--- a/jer/50/14.md
+++ b/jer/50/14.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
 
 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "shoot at the people in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
-# Do not keep back any of your arrows
+# Do not spare any of your arrows
 
 This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: "Shoot every one of your arrows at her"
 
diff --git a/jer/50/17.md b/jer/50/17.md
index feeec6bd0d..673c0af142 100644
--- a/jer/50/17.md
+++ b/jer/50/17.md
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel.
 
-# Israel is a wandering sheep driven away by lions
+# Israel is a scattered flock driven away by lions
 
-Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: "Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a flock of sheep that had run away in all directions to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: "Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # Israel
 
diff --git a/jer/50/23.md b/jer/50/23.md
index 75f0a1dbcc..f047357ab7 100644
--- a/jer/50/23.md
+++ b/jer/50/23.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon.
 
 The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
-# How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations
+# How Babylon has become an object of horror among the nations
 
 Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
 
diff --git a/jer/51/04.md b/jer/51/04.md
index c22a864f49..9c38cffe0a 100644
--- a/jer/51/04.md
+++ b/jer/51/04.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# those who are killed
+# those who are thrust through
 
-This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whom the attackers kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whom the attackers thrust through" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
diff --git a/jer/51/10.md b/jer/51/10.md
index fe7798ab58..ad197b8c5b 100644
--- a/jer/51/10.md
+++ b/jer/51/10.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Yahweh has declared our innocence
+# Yahweh has brought about our vindication
 
 Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
 
diff --git a/jer/51/12.md b/jer/51/12.md
index 0ed36ed8c0..9768a7e9c7 100644
--- a/jer/51/12.md
+++ b/jer/51/12.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Lift up a banner over Babylon's walls
+# Lift up a signal flag over Babylon's walls
 
 "Give a signal to attack Babylon's walls"
 
diff --git a/jer/51/17.md b/jer/51/17.md
index 724eca688b..121e1bfdeb 100644
--- a/jer/51/17.md
+++ b/jer/51/17.md
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md).
 
-# has become ignorant
+# has become stupid
 
-"is lacking knowledge" or "does not know"
+"has become like an animal" or "has become senseless"
 
 # Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols
 
diff --git a/jer/51/27.md b/jer/51/27.md
index 44e2e1599d..0f63e6f01e 100644
--- a/jer/51/27.md
+++ b/jer/51/27.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Lift up a banner ... Blow the ram's horn ... Call ... to attack
+# Lift up a signal flag ... Blow the ram's horn ... Call ... to attack
 
-Lifting a banner and blowing a ram's horn are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
+Lifting a signal flag and blowing a ram's horn are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# banner
+# signal flag
 
 "battle flag." This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
 
diff --git a/jer/51/34.md b/jer/51/34.md
index 128446377e..52aeaa8a2a 100644
--- a/jer/51/34.md
+++ b/jer/51/34.md
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "he has caused me to be unable to think clearly" or 2)
 
 Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# Like a monster
+# Like a sea monster
 
-Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+Here Babylon is compared to a sea monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
 # he has swallowed me
 
diff --git a/jer/51/39.md b/jer/51/39.md
index 5adf01ce02..133d890aa0 100644
--- a/jer/51/39.md
+++ b/jer/51/39.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# become happy
+# become joyful
 
-As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is "are very drunk" .
+As a soldier is joyful when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is "are very drunk" .
 
diff --git a/jer/51/54.md b/jer/51/54.md
index f968059a7a..9667506f9e 100644
--- a/jer/51/54.md
+++ b/jer/51/54.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans
+# A cry of distress came from Babylon, great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans
 
 The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
diff --git a/jer/51/57.md b/jer/51/57.md
index 2399ce156e..58c4df125b 100644
--- a/jer/51/57.md
+++ b/jer/51/57.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers
+# her princes and her wise men ... her governors, her officials, and her soldiers
 
-The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers ... their high gates ... their aid ... for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "their princes and their wise men ... their governors, their officials, and their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up