From PDF Lamentations

1co/03/15.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is a metaphor for a person's work being shown to have no value. This can be
 
 The abstract noun "loss" can be expressed with the verb "lose." Alternate translation: "he will lose his reward" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# but he himself will be saved as though escaping through fire
+# but he himself will be saved, as though escaping through fire
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but God will save him as though through fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

lam/01/02.md

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-# She weeps and wails ... and her tears cover her cheeks
+# She weeps bitterly ... and her tears cover her cheeks
 
 The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. Alternate translation: "Those who live in her weep and wail ... and their tears cover their cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# weeps and wails
-
-The word "wails" refers to the sounds that a person makes when they "weep" loudly. Alternate translation: "weeps loudly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
-
 # None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her
 
 This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem's lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

lam/01/04.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human
 
 The word "her" refers to Zion. Alternate translation: "All of Zion's gates are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
-# Her virgins are sorrowful and it is bitter for her
+# Her virgins are afflicted, and as for her, it is bitter for her
 
 Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. Alternate translation: "Zion's virgins are sorrowful, and life is bitter for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 

lam/01/06.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
-# Beauty has left the daughter of Zion
+# Splendor has left the daughter of Zion
 
-This speaks of everything beautiful in Zion being destroyed as if "beauty" were a person that left Zion. Alternate translation: "Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed"
+This speaks of everything beautiful in Zion being destroyed as if "splendor" were a person that left Zion. Alternate translation: "Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed"
 
 # daughter of Zion
 

lam/01/07.md

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ This refers to their valuable possessions.
 
 Here the word "hand" refers the control of the enemy army. Alternate translation: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# saw her and laughed at her destruction
+# saw her and mocked at her destruction
 
-This means that they were glad and mocked Jerusalem when it was destroyed.
+This means that they were glad and mocked the people of Jerusalem when the city was destroyed.
 
 # at her destruction
 

lam/01/19.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# I called for my friends
+# I called for my lovers
 
-"I called for my friends to help me" or "I called for my allies to help me"
+The word "lovers" is a metaphor for the other nations that the people of Judah hoped would help them fight their enemy. Alternate translation: "I called for my allies to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # they were treacherous toward me
 

lam/01/21.md

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh.
 
 The phrase "the day" is an idiom that refers to a specific event happening. Alternate translation: "You have done what you have proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
 
-# you have proclaimed
+# you proclaimed
 
-You may need to make explicit that the proclamation was a promise. Alternate translation: "you have promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+You may need to make explicit that the proclamation was a promise. Alternate translation: "you promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
 # now let them become like me
 

lam/02/10.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a wom
 
 Often people would sit on the ground to show they were mourning. Alternate translation: "sit on the ground, mourning in silence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
 
-# They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth
+# They have thrown dust on their heads and girded themselves with sackcloth
 
 These are actions of mourning. Alternate translation: "To show their mourning, they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
 

lam/02/13.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 The author begins to address Jerusalem.
 
-# What can I say ... Jerusalem?
+# How will I admonish you?
 
-The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing that I can say ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing that I can say to admonish you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+
+# To what will I compare you, ... Jerusalem?
+
+The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing that I can compare you to, ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # daughter of Jerusalem ... virgin daughter of Zion
 

lam/03/01.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# who has seen misery
+# who has seen affliction
 
-Here "has seen" represents has experienced. Alternate translation: "who has experienced misery" or "who has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Here the phrase "has seen" is a metaphor for experiencing something. Alternate translation: "who has experienced affliction" or "who has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # under the rod of Yahweh's fury
 

lam/03/15.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# General Statement:
+# General Information:
 
 The writer gives two metaphors to describe how Yahweh has made him suffer. The first metaphor speaks of Yahweh as if he were forcing Jeremiah to eat bitter herbs, and the second as if he were forcing him to drink a bitter liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

lam/03/25.md

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ Here "good" refers to kindness. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is kind to those
 
 Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act."
 
-# the one who seeks him
+# the soul who seeks him
 
 Possible meanings for "seeks him" are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# the soul
+
+This phrase is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])

lam/03/36.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# to deny justice to a person
+# to deprive a person of justice
 
-Here "deny justice" refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. Alternate translation: "to judge a person wrongly in court" or "to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right"
+Here "deprive a person of justice" refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. Alternate translation: "to judge a person wrongly in court" or "to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right"
 
 # to deny justice
 

lam/03/45.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations
+# You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the peoples
 
-The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: "You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage" or 2) God's forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: "You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the peoples to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: "You have made the peoples think of us as scum and garbage" or 2) God's forcing his people to live among the peoples is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: "You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+
+# peoples
+
+nations or other groups of people who are not Israelites
 

lam/03/48.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The author speaks about himself again.
 
 Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. Alternate translation: "Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
 
-# because my people are destroyed
+# because of the destruction my people
 
-This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because enemies have destroyed my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "because enemies have destroyed my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

lam/03/51.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# My eyes cause me grief
+# My eyes cause grief to my soul
 
-The phrase "My eyes" represents what he sees. Alternate translation: "What I see causes me to grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+The phrase "My eyes" represents what he sees, and the word "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "What I see causes me to grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
 # because of all the daughters of my city
 

lam/03/53.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-# They cast me into a pit
+# They cut off my life in the pit
 
-"They threw me into a pit" or "They dropped me into a well"
+"They tried to kill me by throwing me into a pit"
+
+# pit
+
+Possible meanings are 1) any deep hole in the ground that is hard to climb out of or 2) a hole dug to hold water.
 
 # threw a stone on me
 

lam/03/58.md

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-# you defended my case, you saved my life
+# you defended my soul's case
 
-The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone, and kept him from being killed. Alternate translation: "you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone and kept him from being killed. The word "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
-# you defended my case
+# you redeemed my life
-
-Here "defended my case" represents arguing for him. Alternate translation: "you argued my case for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh saving him from death as if Yahweh had paid Jeremiah's captor so Jeremiah could go free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

lam/03/61.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# You have heard their scorn ... all their plots regarding me
+# You have heard their reproach ... all their plots regarding me
 
-The abstract noun "scorn" can be expressed with the verbs "taunt" or "mock." It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. Alternate translation: "You heard how they have taunted me ... and all they plan to do to me" or "You have heard them mock me ... and plan ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+The abstract noun "reproach" can be expressed with the verbs "reproach," "taunt," or "mock." It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. Alternate translation: "You heard how they have taunted me ... and all they plan to do to me" or "You have heard them mock me ... and plan ways to harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

lam/03/62.md

@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-# The lips and the accusations ... come against me all the day
+# The lips and the mediations of my enemies come against me all the day
 
-The author speaks of his enemies accusing him all day as if their accusations were soldiers that come to attack him all day. Alternate translation: "My enemies speak against me and accuse me through the whole day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Here the phrase "The lips" refers to what his enemies say, and "the meditations" refers to what his enemies are planning to do to harm him. The author speaks as if their words and thoughts were soldiers that come to attack him all day. Alternate translation: "My enemies speak against me and think about how to harm me the whole day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
-
-# The lips ... of my enemies
-
-Here the lips represent what his enemies say. Alternate translation: "The words ... of my enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

lam/03/64.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Pay back to them, Yahweh, according to what they have done
+# Pay back to them what they deserve, Yahweh, according to the deeds of their hands
 
-Here "Pay back to them" represents punishing them. What they have done can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Punish them, Yahweh, according to what they have done" or "Yahweh, they have made me suffer, so please make them suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+Here "Pay back to them" represents punishing them. What they have done can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Punish them as they deserve, Yahweh, according to what they have done" or "Yahweh, they have made me suffer, so please make them suffer just as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

mic/06/06.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# What should I bring to Yahweh ... God? Should I come ... old?
+# What should I bring to Yahweh ... God on high? Should I come ... old?
 
-Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh ... God, or come ... old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that I do not need to bring to Yahweh ... God on high or to come ... old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

mic/06/07.md

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-# Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin?
+# Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin of my soul?
 
-Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin of my soul." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil
 
 "rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
 
+# the sin of my soul
+
+The soul is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "my sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

mic/06/09.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# even now wisdom acknowledges your name
+# even now wisdom fears your name
 
 Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word "name" here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: "and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
-# Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place
+# Listen to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place
 
 Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

pro/30/11.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+# There is a generation that curses
+
+"Some people curse" or "Stay away from people who curse"
+
 # a generation that curses ... and does not bless
 
 "a generation of people who curse ... and do not bless"
 
-# generation
-
-type or class or group
-

pro/30/12.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# a generation that is
+# There is a generation that is
 
-"a generation of people that are"
+"Some people are" or "Stay away from people who are." See how you translated similar words in [verse 11](./11.md).
 
 # is pure in their own eyes
 

pro/30/13.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# There is a generation whose eyes
+
+"Some people's eyes are" or "Stay away from people whose eyes are." See how you translated similar words in [verse 11](./11.md).
+
 # eyes are raised up ... their eyelids lifted up
 
 This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

pro/30/14.md

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-# There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, and their jawbones are like knives, to devour the poor ... and the needy
+# There is a generation whose teeth are swords and whose jawbones are knives, so they may devour the poor ... and the needy
 
 This is a metaphor for being cruel and treating poor and needy people cruelly, like an animal with sharp teeth that tears apart other animals and eats them. The sharp teeth may be a metaphor specifically for cruel words. Devouring the poor and needy may be specifically about taking poor people's possessions, leaving them even poorer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# There is a generation whose teeth
+
+"Some people's teeth" or "Stay away from people whose teeth." See how you translated similar words in [verse 11](./11.md).
+
 # jawbones
 
 the bones of the face where teeth grow

rom/16/27.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# To the only wise God ... be glory forever. Amen
+# to the only wise God ... be glory forever. Amen
 
 Here "through Jesus Christ" refers to what Jesus did. To give "glory" means to praise God. Alternate translation: "Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])