From PDF Ecclesiastes 10-12

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Henry Whitney 2019-04-01 08:50:56 -04:00
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# The sleep of a working man is sweet
# The sleep of a laborer is sweet
This speaks of a person's sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. Alternate translation: "The sleep of a working man is peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
This speaks of a person's sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. Alternate translation: "The sleep of a laborer is peaceful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
# whether he eats little or a lot

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This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. Alternate translation: "as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-gendernotations]])
# So what profit is there for him who works for the wind?
# So what profit is there for him who labors for the wind?
The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one gets any profit in working for the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one gets any profit in laboring for the wind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
# works for the wind
# labors for the wind
Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: "tries to shepherd the wind" or "work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind" or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: "works to receive the air he breathes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
Possible meanings are 1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: "tries to shepherd the wind" or "work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind" or 2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: "labors to receive the air he breathes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])

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Here the word "hands" refers to her power and control. This speaks of her being seductive as if hands were chains that she bound people with. Alternate translation: "from whom no one can escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
# the sinner will be taken by her
# the sinner will be caught by her
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "she will capture the sinner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])

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This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: "on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
# There is a time when a person oppresses another person to that person's hurt
# There is a time when a person exercises authority over another person to that person's hurt
"Sometimes one person will oppress another, causing that person to be hurt"
Sometimes one person will oppress another and cause that second person to be hurt.

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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Rulers give positions of leadership to fools" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# successful men are given low positions
# wealthy men are given low positions
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they give low positions to successful men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they give low positions to wealthy men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
# wealthy
If your language has a word for people who are wealthy because they are wise, you might want to use it here.
# low positions

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# successful men walking like slaves on the ground
# princes walking on the ground like slaves
This speaks of successful men walking like slaves walk, because slaves were usually forced to walk and were not permitted to ride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
Slaves were usually forced to walk and were not permitted to ride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
# walking on the ground
If the words "on the ground" here would cause confusion, since on the ground is where most people walk, you can omit them.

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# happy in all of them
# let him rejoice in all of them
Here the word "them" refers to the years that a person is alive.
"he should enjoy them all" or "he should rejoice without ceasing in all of them"
# the coming days of darkness