Here "they" refers to the sailors. It is implied that Luke, Paul, and those with them had not eaten either. AT: "When we had gone a long time without food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
Paul is speaking to the sailors. It is implied that Paul also means that he and those with him will not die either. AT: "none of us will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])