Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
Here "Judah" and "Jacob" both represent the people of Judah. Alternate translation: "against the people of Judah ... punish them for what they have done ... repay them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])