WA_Training
/
fr_tm
2
2
Fork 7
Files Issues Pull Requests 4 Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Standardized heading

This commit is contained in:
Henry Whitney 2018-10-22 12:22:11 -04:00
parent 5a59151be3
commit a811d7fdb7
20 changed files with 20 additions and 20 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

2
archive/translate/figs-informremind/01.md
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ The phrase "who was very thankful" immediately follows the word "sister" and inf
Languages have different ways of signaling the parts of communication that the listener should pay most attention to. Languages have different ways of signaling the parts of communication that the listener should pay most attention to.
### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* If your language does not use phrases with a noun for new information or a reminder, you may need to put that information or reminder in a different part of the sentence. * If your language does not use phrases with a noun for new information or a reminder, you may need to put that information or reminder in a different part of the sentence.
* Try to present it in a weak way. * Try to present it in a weak way.

2
translate/figs-activepassive/01.md
View File

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The passive form is not used for the same purposes in all of the languages that
* The speaker does not want to tell who did the action.  * The speaker does not want to tell who did the action. 
* The speaker does not know who did the action. * The speaker does not know who did the action.
#### Translation Principles Regarding the Passive ### Translation principles Regarding the Passive
* Translators whose language does not use passive forms will need to find another way to express the idea.  * Translators whose language does not use passive forms will need to find another way to express the idea. 
* Translators whose language has passive forms will need to understand why the passive is used in a particular sentence in the Bible and decide whether or not to use a passive form for that purpose in his translation of the sentence. * Translators whose language has passive forms will need to understand why the passive is used in a particular sentence in the Bible and decide whether or not to use a passive form for that purpose in his translation of the sentence.

2
translate/figs-extrainfo/01.md
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Sometimes it is better not to state assumed knowledge or implicit information ex
Sometimes it is better not to state assumed knowledge or implicit information explicitly. This page gives some direction about when not to do this. Sometimes it is better not to state assumed knowledge or implicit information explicitly. This page gives some direction about when not to do this.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* If a speaker or author intentionally left something unclear, do not try to make it more clear. * If a speaker or author intentionally left something unclear, do not try to make it more clear.
* If the original audience did not understand what the speaker meant, do not make it so clear that your readers would find it strange that the original audience did not understand. * If the original audience did not understand what the speaker meant, do not make it so clear that your readers would find it strange that the original audience did not understand.

2
translate/figs-gendernotations/01.md
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Also in some languages, the masculine pronouns "he" and "him" and "his" can be u
* In some cultures words like "man," "brother," and "son" can only be used to refer to men. If those words are used in a translation in a more general way, people will think that what is being said does not apply to women. * In some cultures words like "man," "brother," and "son" can only be used to refer to men. If those words are used in a translation in a more general way, people will think that what is being said does not apply to women.
* In some cultures, the masculine pronouns "he" and "him" can only refer to men. If a masculine pronoun is used, people will think that what is said does not apply to women. * In some cultures, the masculine pronouns "he" and "him" can only refer to men. If a masculine pronoun is used, people will think that what is said does not apply to women.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
When a statement applies to both men and women, translate it in such a way that people will be able to understand that it applies to both. When a statement applies to both men and women, translate it in such a way that people will be able to understand that it applies to both.

2
translate/figs-intro/01.md
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Figures of speech have special meanings that are not the same as the meanings of
Figures of speech are ways of saying things that use words in non-literal ways. That is, the meaning of a figure of speech is not the same as the more direct meaning of its words. In order to translate the meaning, you need to be able to recognize figures of speech and know what the figure of speech means in the source language. Then you can choose either a figure of speech or a direct way to communicate that same meaning in the target language. Figures of speech are ways of saying things that use words in non-literal ways. That is, the meaning of a figure of speech is not the same as the more direct meaning of its words. In order to translate the meaning, you need to be able to recognize figures of speech and know what the figure of speech means in the source language. Then you can choose either a figure of speech or a direct way to communicate that same meaning in the target language.
### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Make the meaning of the figure of speech as clear to the target audience as it was to the original audience. * Make the meaning of the figure of speech as clear to the target audience as it was to the original audience.
* Do not make the meaning more clear to the target audience than it was to the original audience. * Do not make the meaning more clear to the target audience than it was to the original audience.

2
translate/figs-metaphor/01.md
View File

@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ In this metaphor, Jesus called himself the bread of life. The **topic** is "I,"
* People may not know the points of comparison that the speaker wants them to understand. If they fail to think of these points of comparison, they will not understand the metaphor. * People may not know the points of comparison that the speaker wants them to understand. If they fail to think of these points of comparison, they will not understand the metaphor.
* People may think that they understand the metaphor, but they do not. This can happen when they apply points of comparison from their own culture, rather than from the biblical culture. * People may think that they understand the metaphor, but they do not. This can happen when they apply points of comparison from their own culture, rather than from the biblical culture.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Make the meaning of a metaphor as clear to the target audience as it was to the original audience. * Make the meaning of a metaphor as clear to the target audience as it was to the original audience.
* Do not make the meaning of a metaphor more clear to the target audience than you think it was to the original audience. * Do not make the meaning of a metaphor more clear to the target audience than you think it was to the original audience.

2
translate/figs-order/01.md
View File

@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Word order can also change
* if there is some kind of emphasis on a certain part of the sentence * if there is some kind of emphasis on a certain part of the sentence
* if the sentence is really about something other than the subject * if the sentence is really about something other than the subject
### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Know which word order is preferred in your language. * Know which word order is preferred in your language.
* Use your language's preferred word order unless there is some reason in your language to change it. * Use your language's preferred word order unless there is some reason in your language to change it.

2
translate/figs-rquestion/01.md
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
### Description ### Description
A rhetorical question is a question that a speaker uses for some purpose other than getting information. Some uses of rhetorical questions are to express strong emotions, to rebuke or scold someone, to introduce a topic to talk about, or to teach something by reminding people of something they know and encouraging them to apply it to something new. A rhetorical question is a question that a speaker uses for some purpose other than getting information. Some uses of rhetorical questions are to express strong emotions, to rebuke or scold someone, to introduce a topic to talk about it, or to teach something by reminding people of something they know and encouraging them to apply it to something new.
### Reasons this is a translation issue ### Reasons this is a translation issue

2
translate/figs-youformal/01.md
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ In some cultures people use the formal "you" when speaking to someone who is old
* Translators who use a source text in a language that does have formal and informal forms of "you" will need to understand how those forms are used in that language. The rules in that language may not be exactly the same as the rules in the translator's language. * Translators who use a source text in a language that does have formal and informal forms of "you" will need to understand how those forms are used in that language. The rules in that language may not be exactly the same as the rules in the translator's language.
* Translators will need to understand the relationship between two speakers in order to choose the appropriate form in their language. * Translators will need to understand the relationship between two speakers in order to choose the appropriate form in their language.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Understand the relationship between a speaker and the person or people he is speaking to. * Understand the relationship between a speaker and the person or people he is speaking to.
* Understand the speaker's attitude toward the person he is speaking to. * Understand the speaker's attitude toward the person he is speaking to.

2
translate/resources-def/01.md
View File

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Simple definitions of words or phrases are added without quotes or sentence form
* **turban** - a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times * **turban** - a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times
* **sash** - a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest * **sash** - a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest
### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Use words that are already part of your language if possible. * Use words that are already part of your language if possible.
* Keep expressions short if possible. * Keep expressions short if possible.

2
translate/translate-bdistance/01.md
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The metric values in the table below are close but not exactly equal to the bibl
| "long" cubit | 54 centimeters | | "long" cubit | 54 centimeters |
| stadia | 185 meters | | stadia | 185 meters |
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
1. The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures. 1. The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
1. Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily. 1. Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.

2
translate/translate-bmoney/01.md
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The two tables below show some of the most well-known units of money found in th
| shekel | silver coin | 4 days | | shekel | silver coin | 4 days |
| talent | silver | 6,000 days | | talent | silver | 6,000 days |
#### Translation Principle ### Translation principles
Do not use modern money values since these change from year to year. Using them will cause the Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate. Do not use modern money values since these change from year to year. Using them will cause the Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate.

2
translate/translate-bvolume/01.md
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The following terms are the most common units of volume used in the Bible to sta
| Liquid | kab | 1.23 liters | | Liquid | kab | 1.23 liters |
| Liquid | log | 0.31 liters | | Liquid | log | 0.31 liters |
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures. * The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
* Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily. * Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.

2
translate/translate-bweight/01.md
View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The following terms are the most common units of weight in the Bible. The term "
| mina | 50 shekels | 550 grams | 1/2 kilogram | | mina | 50 shekels | 550 grams | 1/2 kilogram |
| talent | 3,000 shekels | - | 34 kilograms | | talent | 3,000 shekels | - | 34 kilograms |
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
1. The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures. 1. The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
1. Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily. 1. Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.

2
translate/translate-numbers/01.md
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Here the number three thousand is a round number. It may have been a little more
Some languages do not have words for some of these numbers. Some languages do not have words for some of these numbers.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Exact numbers should be translated as closely and specifically as they can be. * Exact numbers should be translated as closely and specifically as they can be.
* Rounded numbers can be translated more generally. * Rounded numbers can be translated more generally.

2
translate/translate-unknown/01.md
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and th
* Readers may not know some of the things that are in the Bible because those things are not part of their own culture. * Readers may not know some of the things that are in the Bible because those things are not part of their own culture.
* Readers may have difficulty understanding a text if they do not know some of the things that are mentioned in it. * Readers may have difficulty understanding a text if they do not know some of the things that are mentioned in it.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Use words that are already part of your language if possible. * Use words that are already part of your language if possible.
* Keep expressions short if possible. * Keep expressions short if possible.

2
translate/writing-apocalypticwriting/01.md
View File

@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Some of these things happened after the prophets told about them, and some of th
* Descriptions of things that we have never seen or that do not exist in this world are hard to translate. * Descriptions of things that we have never seen or that do not exist in this world are hard to translate.
* If God or the prophet used the past tense, readers may have difficulty knowing wehther he was talking about something that had aleady happened or something that would happen later. * If God or the prophet used the past tense, readers may have difficulty knowing wehther he was talking about something that had aleady happened or something that would happen later.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Translate the images in the text. Do not try to interpret them and translate their meaning. * Translate the images in the text. Do not try to interpret them and translate their meaning.
* When an image appears in more than one place in the Bible, and it is described in the same way, try to translate it the same way in all those places. * When an image appears in more than one place in the Bible, and it is described in the same way, try to translate it the same way in all those places.

2
translate/writing-connectingwords/01.md
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Sometimes people might not use a connecting word because they expect the readers
* Each language has its own ways of showing how thoughts are related. * Each language has its own ways of showing how thoughts are related.
* Translators need to know how to help their readers understand the relationship between the thoughts in a way that is natural in their language. * Translators need to know how to help their readers understand the relationship between the thoughts in a way that is natural in their language.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
* Translators need to translate in a way that readers can understand the same relationship between thoughts that the original readers would have understood. * Translators need to translate in a way that readers can understand the same relationship between thoughts that the original readers would have understood.
* Whether or not a connecting word is used is not as important as readers being able to understand the relationship between the ideas. * Whether or not a connecting word is used is not as important as readers being able to understand the relationship between the ideas.

2
translate/writing-endofstory/01.md
View File

@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Different languages have different ways of presenting these kinds of information
* What the purpose of the information is * What the purpose of the information is
* How the information is related to the story * How the information is related to the story
#### Principles of translation ### Translation principles
* Translate the particular kind of information at the end of a story the way your language expresses that kind of information. * Translate the particular kind of information at the end of a story the way your language expresses that kind of information.
* Translate it so that people will understand how it relates to the story it is part of. * Translate it so that people will understand how it relates to the story it is part of.

2
translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ This was in a dream. Eating the scroll is a symbol of reading and understanding
People who read the Bible today may find it hard to recognize that the language is symbolic, and they may not know what the symbol stands for. People who read the Bible today may find it hard to recognize that the language is symbolic, and they may not know what the symbol stands for.
#### Translation Principles ### Translation principles
- When symbolic language is used, it is important to keep the symbol in the translation. - When symbolic language is used, it is important to keep the symbol in the translation.
- It is also important not to explain the symbol more than the original speaker or writer did, since he may not have wanted everyone living then to be able to understand it easily. - It is also important not to explain the symbol more than the original speaker or writer did, since he may not have wanted everyone living then to be able to understand it easily.