## Gentiles in the flesh ##

People who were not Jewish by birth.

## uncircumcised pagans ##

Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus considered people who do not follow God.

## the circumcision ##

This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised when they were eight days old.

## separated from Christ ##

AT: "unbelievers"

## alienated from ##

AT: “detached from” or “not included in”

## the citizenship of Israel ##

AT: “the people of Israel” or “the community of Israel”

## strangers to the covenants of the promise ##

AT: "you did not know the covenant promises of God"