unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_37-HAG.tsv

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2HAGfrontintrohz6m0# Introduction to Haggai<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Haggai<br><br>1. The people must finish the temple for Yahweh to bless them again (1:115)<br>1. This temple will be more glorious than the first temple (2:19)<br>1. Yahweh will bless a defiled people (2:1019)<br>1. Yahweh will defeat the nations and establish his ruler (2:2023)<br><br>### What is the Book of Haggai about?<br><br>The people of Israel lacked food and warm clothes. The prophet Haggai told them it was because they were not obeying Yahweh. If they would listen to him and start rebuilding the temple, then Yahweh would send rain and bless them again. The people listened and began to work on the temple. Yahweh encouraged the people, the priests, and the leaders. He told them that he was with them and would bless them.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has been titled “Haggai” or “The Book of Haggai.” Translators may decide to call it “The Sayings of Haggai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Haggai?<br><br>The prophet Haggai wrote this book. He wrote it after the exiles returned from Babylon. They returned during the reign of the Persian king Darius I. Haggai probably gave all the prophesies in this book during a four-month period of time.<br><br>Very little is known about Haggai. He lived at the same time as the prophet Zechariah.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Did Haggai prophesy before Ezra and Nehemiah?<br><br>It is likely that Haggai prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does “consider your ways” mean?<br><br>Yahweh told the people to “consider your ways” several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved.<br>
3HAG1intron84r0# Haggai 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Farming imagery<br>Scripture frequently uses the imagery of farming in reference to spiritual matters. The statement “You have sown much seed, but bring in little harvest” indicates that they had done a lot but have very little to show for it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]])<br>
4HAG11qt5itranslate-ordinal0In the second year of Darius the king“In the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “After Darius had been king for more than a year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5HAG11ha87translate-names0Darius ... Haggai ... Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... JehozadakThese are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6HAG11y3eitranslate-hebrewmonths0in the sixth month, on the first day of the month“on the first day of the sixth month.” This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
7HAG11ria7figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8HAG11fdv50YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
9HAG11wn8qfigs-synecdoche0by the hand of HaggaiHere the word “hand” refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “through Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10HAG12cav80Yahwehs housethe temple
11HAG13xs12figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12HAG13wk3bfigs-synecdoche0by the hand of HaggaiHere the word “hand” refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “through Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13HAG14ms19figs-rquestion0Is it a time for you ... ruined?Yahweh is rebuking the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now is not the time for you ... ruined.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14HAG14u9tf0this housethe temple of Yahweh
15HAG16rma30but cannot get drunkThere is not enough wine to satisfy the peoples thirst and not nearly enough for drunkenness. The reader should understand that the text is not calling drunkenness a good thing.
16HAG16aw8tfigs-metaphor0the wage earner earns money only to put it into a bag full of holesNot earning enough money to buy necessary goods is spoken of as if the person were losing the money that falls out through holes in the money bag. Alternate translation: “the money the worker earns is gone before he finishes buying everything he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17HAG18qmi7figs-synecdoche0bring timberThis represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18HAG19yx8d0behold“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
19HAG19eb3afigs-metaphor0I blew it awayThe people not being able to find what they were looking for is spoken of as if Yahweh had blown on dust so it would go away. Alternate translation: “I made sure there was nothing there for you to find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20HAG19g652figs-123person0declares Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
21HAG110suc8figs-metaphor0the heavens withhold the dew from youThe dew that appears at night is spoken of as if it formed in the sky and fell like rain. The sky is spoken of as if it were a person who refused to give a present or a parent who refused to feed his child. Alternate translation: “the sky does not allow the dew to fall” or “no dew forms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22HAG111a7dsfigs-personification0I have summoned a drought upon the landRain not falling for a long time is spoken of as if Yahweh had told a person to come and make the land dry. Alternate translation: “I have kept the rain from falling on the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
23HAG111v7pkfigs-metonymy0upon the new wine, upon the oil“Wine” and “oil” are metonyms for grapes and olives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24HAG111ird4figs-abstractnouns0all the labor of your handsThe abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25HAG112n5g8translate-names0Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... Jehozadak ... HaggaiSee how you translated these mens names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
26HAG112c4hefigs-metonymy0obeyed the voice of Yahweh ... the words of HaggaiThe voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27HAG112e9slfigs-synecdoche0the people feared the face of YahwehPossible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or 2) the face could be a metonym for the persons presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahwehs presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28HAG113dtj50this is Yahwehs declaration“this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
29HAG114n1e7figs-metonymy0Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the peopleStirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30HAG114iax30remnantpeople who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem
31HAG115vp6ztranslate-hebrewmonths0in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth monthThis is just 23 days after he received the vision. This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
32HAG115cx2utranslate-ordinal0the second year of Darius the king“second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “after Darius had been king for more than one year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
33HAG2introieh70# Haggai 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:3-9, 21-23.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Unclean<br>Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
34HAG21v31vtranslate-hebrewmonths0In the seventh month on the twenty-first day of the monthThis is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-first day is near the middle of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
35HAG21fm14figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36HAG21t1usfigs-synecdoche0by the hand of HaggaiHere the word “hand” refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “through Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
37HAG21hz54translate-names0HaggaiSee how you translated this mans name in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
38HAG22q56ptranslate-names0Zerubbabel ... Shealtiel ... Joshua ... JehozadakSee how you translated these mens names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
39HAG23wy320General Information:Yahweh speaks to the people about the new temple they are building. They are building it on the same place their ancestors built the former temple, which Nebuchadnezzar completely destroyed. This new temple is much smaller than the former temple.
40HAG23m1jrfigs-rquestion0Who is left among you who saw this house in its former glory?Yahweh speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. He is telling those who had seen the former temple to pay attention. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want those among you who saw this house in its former glory to pay attention.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41HAG23x5q5figs-rquestion0How do you see it now?Yahweh is telling them that he knows what they are thinking about the new temple. He speaks of the new temple as if it were the same building as the old temple. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what you think of this new temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
42HAG23tsx7figs-rquestion0Is it not like nothing in your eyes?Yahweh is telling the people that he understands that they are disappointed because the new temple is so small. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you think it is not important at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
43HAG24y2v90Now, be strong“From now on, be strong”
44HAG24x8wvfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
45HAG26e2qqfigs-metaphor0I will ... shake the heavens ... the earth ... the sea ... the dry landThe words “I will shake the earth” could be translated as “I will cause an earthquake,” and that earthquake would shake “the sea” as well as “the dry land,” a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
46HAG26l2sj0shakeUse the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them.
47HAG27hre1figs-metaphor0I will shake every nationThe metaphor that begins with the words “I will ... shake the heavens” in verse 6 ends here. Yahweh speaks of every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
48HAG27u8qxfigs-metaphor0I will fill this house with gloryYahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are 1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or 2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49HAG28f56dfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
50HAG210wc9ptranslate-hebrewmonths0On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth monthThis is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
51HAG210if92translate-ordinal0in the second year of Darius“in the second year of the reign of Darius” or “when Darius had been king for more than one year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
52HAG210i4pytranslate-names0Darius ... HaggaiSee how you translated these mens names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53HAG210s26vfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
54HAG212x84u0meat that is set apart to Yahweh ... holyThe words “that is set apart to Yahweh” and the word “holy” translate the same Hebrew word. “holy meat ... holy”
55HAG213bg3q0because of death“because he has touched a dead body”
56HAG214q5p80So Haggai answered and said, “So it is ... is uncleanHaggai answers the priests with the words that Yahweh told Haggai to tell the priests. Alternate translation: “So Haggai answered and told them Yahwehs words: So it is ... is unclean”
57HAG214dv6p0So it is with this people and this nation before me“I look at this people and this nation the same way.” Yahweh reminds the priests that a clean thing that touches an unclean thing becomes unclean. He then reminds them that he thinks of them as unclean because they have been worshiping idols, and so everything they touch and make becomes unclean.
58HAG214ua4ffigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
59HAG215l2scfigs-activepassive0Before stone was placed upon stone in the templeThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Before you laid the first stones for the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60HAG216zx3ctranslate-numbers0twenty measures“20 measures.” A “measure” is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
61HAG216ply4translate-numbers0fifty measures“50 measures.” A “measure” is an unknown amount. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
62HAG217p7cx0all the work of your hands“everything you made” or “your crops”
63HAG217bk6nfigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
64HAG218zyq1translate-hebrewmonths0the twenty-fourth day of the ninth monthThis is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
65HAG218pcm4figs-activepassive0the day that the foundation of Yahwehs temple was laidThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the day that you laid the foundation of Yahwehs temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
66HAG219mx58figs-rquestion0Is there still seed in the storehouse?Yahweh is preparing the people for the promise he is about to give them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You can see that there is no seed in the storehouse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
67HAG219ld7r0The vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree“Your grape vines, fig trees, pomegranate trees, and olive trees”
68HAG219g2gcfigs-explicit0the pomegranateThis is a type of sweet fruit. You may need to make explicit that the tree is being spoken of. Alternate translation: “the pomegranate tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
69HAG220l5pyfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
70HAG220hwk9translate-names0HaggaiThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71HAG220rru4translate-hebrewmonths0on the twenty-fourth day of the monthYou may need to make explicit which month is spoken of. Alternate translation: “on the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
72HAG221ac9qtranslate-names0ZerubbabelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73HAG221w9i2figs-metaphor0I will shake the heavens and the earthThe words “I will shake the earth” could be translated as “I will cause an earthquake.” Yahweh speaks of the heavens as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. See how these ideas are translated in [Haggai 2:6](../02/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74HAG221v17h0shakeUse the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. See how you translated this in [Haggai 2:6](../02/06.md).
75HAG221fbc6figs-merism0the heavens and the earthThis is a merism for “the whole universe” or “everything that exists.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
76HAG222ni5ifigs-metonymy0I will overthrow the throne of kingdomsThe throne is a metonym for the person sitting on the throne. Alternate translation: “I will take kings off of their thrones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77HAG222sv3nfigs-metonymy0the throne of kingdomsHere “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on it. Alternate translation: “government ruled by kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78HAG222gza6figs-explicit0I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nationsYou may need to make explicit that “the nations” are Israels enemies. Alternate translation: “I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israels enemies are no longer strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79HAG222js5mfigs-metonymy0each one because of his brothers swordThe sword here is a metonym for violent death. Alternate translation: “each one because his brother has killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80HAG223p75jfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
81HAG223p3wwtranslate-names0Zerubbabel ... ShealtielSee how you translated these mens names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
82HAG223itg1figs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
83HAG223h7nzfigs-simile0I will make you like a signet ringKings used a signet ring to seal documents to show that they truly had his authority. Zerubbabel would have authority from Yahweh because he would speak Yahwehs words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])