Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
JOS	front	intro	syt5			0		# Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
JOS	1	intro	r7gc			0		# Joshua 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.
JOS	1	1	s8u5		יְהוָ֑ה	1	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JOS	1	1	eka2	translate-names	נ֔וּן	1	Nun	Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	1	2	le23	figs-idiom	עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה	1	cross over this Jordan	To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	2	vix4	figs-you	אַתָּה֙ וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה	1	you and all this people	The word “you” here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	1	3	v1l7	figs-pastforfuture	כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו	1	I have given you every place	God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS	1	3	xjc9	figs-you	בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו	1	I have given you	The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	1	3	t94e	figs-idiom	כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם	1	every place where the sole of your foot will walk	This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	4	wl7a			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS	1	4	nbe3	figs-you	גְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם	1	your land	The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	1	5	w48w	figs-you	יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב…לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	to stand before you	In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	1	5	iq2e	figs-doublet	לֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ	1	I will not abandon you or leave you	The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS	1	6	a5yc	figs-imperative		0	General Information:	Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS	1	6	gn34	figs-imperative	חֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ	1	Be strong and courageous	Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS	1	7	db9m	figs-imperative	אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול	1	Do not turn from it to the right or to the left	This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS	1	7	jy5x		תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל	1	be successful	Alternate translation: “achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
JOS	1	8	t4mz			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS	1	8	lcs7	figs-doublet	תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל	1	prosperous and successful	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	1	9	vt4l	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1	Have I not commanded you?	This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	1	9	fnz8	figs-imperative	חֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ	1	Be strong and courageous!	Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS	1	10	b59x	figs-explicit	הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	the people	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	1	11	f3rg	figs-quotesinquotes	עִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְ⁠צַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ	1	Go through the camp and command the people, ‘Prepare … possess.’	Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
JOS	1	11	ck8h		בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים	1	In three days	Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow”
JOS	1	11	wg1e	figs-idiom	עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן	1	cross over this Jordan	“cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	12	uji6	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	1	12	fx7h	translate-names	וְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙	1	Reubenites	These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	1	12	z8vh	translate-names	וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י	1	Gadites	These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	1	14	mm4q			0	General Information:	Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
JOS	1	14	tf68		טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮	1	your little ones	Alternate translation: “your little children”
JOS	1	14	fb4d	figs-idiom	בְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	1	beyond the Jordan	This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	15	b5yt	figs-idiom	אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ…לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮	1	given your brothers rest	This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	15	g4ez		וְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְ⁠אֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְ⁠כֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם	1	you will … possess it	This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
JOS	1	15	rrj2	figs-idiom	בְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	1	beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises	This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	1	16	c7t9			0	General Information:	These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
JOS	1	18	rel4	figs-parallelism	יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ	1	rebels against your commands and disobeys your words	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	1	18	lbc3	figs-activepassive	יוּמָ֑ת	1	will be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	1	18	zez7	figs-parallelism	חֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ	1	be strong and courageous	Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	2	intro	vg4m			0		# Joshua 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JOS	2	1	ig8n	translate-names	נ֠וּן	1	Nun	This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	2	1	w886	translate-names	הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים	1	Shittim	This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	2	1	z78b		מְרַגְּלִים֙	1	as spies	These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
JOS	2	4	k613			0	General Information:	Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
JOS	2	4	l15y		וַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנ֑⁠וֹ	1	But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them	This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her.
JOS	2	4	am3m		הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה	1	the woman	This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
JOS	2	5	j3x6		בַּ⁠חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙	1	dusk	This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
JOS	2	6	l5zb	writing-background	וְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג	1	But she had taken them … on the roof	This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS	2	6	st56		הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה	1	the roof	The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
JOS	2	6	b99c		בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י	1	flax	a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
JOS	2	7	kdj3		וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵי⁠הֶם֙	1	the men pursued them	The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
JOS	2	7	p4sx		הַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת	1	fords	places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
JOS	2	8	ds5e	figs-idiom	טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן	1	not yet lain down	This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	2	9	t8zy	figs-you	יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	I know that Yahweh has given you the land	The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	2	9	xr6a	figs-metaphor	נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ	1	fear of you has come upon us	Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	2	9	u74z	figs-metaphor	נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם	1	will melt away before you	This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	2	10	m3e1			0	General Information:	Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS	2	10	bcm2		יַם־סוּף֙	1	the Sea of Reeds	This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS	2	10	c6i6	translate-names	לְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג	1	Sihon … Og	These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	2	11	qx6v	figs-doublet	וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔⁠נוּ וְ⁠לֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּ⁠אִ֖ישׁ	1	our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone	These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	2	12	j6sz			0	General Information:	Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS	2	12	nmi4	figs-parallelism	הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִ⁠י֙…וּ⁠נְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖⁠י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת	1	please swear to me … Give me a sure sign	These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	2	12	nh3t	figs-you	עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד	1	I have been kind to you	The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	2	13	m6i6	figs-euphemism	וְ⁠הַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־…וְ⁠הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת	1	spare the lives … save us from death	a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS	2	14	ji8q			0	General Information:	The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md)
JOS	2	14	yb7i	figs-idiom	נַפְשֵׁ֤⁠נוּ תַחְתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠מ֔וּת	1	Our life for yours, even to death	This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: “If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	2	15	b3dr			0	General Information:	The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab.
JOS	2	17	dmh8	figs-hypo		1		This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, “this,” refers to “tie this scarlet rope in the window” in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	2	18	e4iw			0	General Information:	The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab.
JOS	2	18	x2n8			0	Connecting Statement:	The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](../02/15.md).
JOS	2	19	vdc9	figs-hypo	כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִ⁠דַּלְתֵ֨י	1	Whoever goes out of the doors of your house	This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	2	19	k27w	figs-metonymy	דָּמ֥⁠וֹ בְ⁠רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ	1	blood will be upon their own heads	Here “blood” represents a person’s death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: “their death will be their own fault” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	2	19	m728		וַ⁠אֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם	1	we will be guiltless	Alternate translation: “we will be innocent”
JOS	2	19	qg47	figs-euphemism	אִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽ⁠וֹ	1	if a hand is laid upon any	Here “a hand is laid upon” is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: “if we cause injury to any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS	2	20	ew4z			0	General Information:	The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family.
JOS	2	20	e659	figs-you	וְ⁠אִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי	1	if you speak	“You” refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	2	21	uxw6		כְּ⁠דִבְרֵי⁠כֶ֣ם כֶּן	1	May what you say be done	Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family.
JOS	2	22	gjr5			0	General Information:	The two Israelites spies leave Jericho.
JOS	2	22	a2i7	figs-explicit	שָׁ֖בוּ הָ⁠רֹדְפִ֑ים	1	their pursuers returned	It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: “their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	2	22	y2rj		וְ⁠לֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ	1	found nothing	This refers to the men not finding the spies.
JOS	2	23	zps9	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙	1	The two men returned	The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	2	23	y6et	figs-doublet	וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ…וַ⁠יֵּרְד֣וּ…וַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַ⁠יָּבֹ֔אוּ	1	returned and crossed over and came back	These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	2	23	u3is	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙	1	crossed over	“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	2	23	i2bk	translate-names	נ֑וּן	1	Nun	This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	2	23	cv1w		אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַ⁠מֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	everything that had happened to them	Alternate translation: “all that the men had experienced and seen.”
JOS	2	24	rk66		בְּ⁠יָדֵ֖⁠נוּ	1	our	This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
JOS	2	24	eh7s	figs-metaphor	יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ	1	inhabitants of the land are melting away	The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	3	intro	qs85			0		# Joshua 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JOS	3	1	ct91		וַ⁠יַּשְׁכֵּם֩	1	got up	The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.”
JOS	3	1	y8kd		מֵֽ⁠הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֗ים	1	Shittim	A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
JOS	3	2	wz25		הַ⁠שֹּׁטְרִ֖ים	1	officers	These are people holding a position of command or authority.
JOS	3	3	ghy1	figs-metonymy	אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֣ם	1	people	This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	3	4	tn3h	translate-bdistance	כְּ⁠אַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה	1	two thousand cubits	“2,000 cubits.” The word “cubit” is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	3	5	hy6c		הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ	1	Consecrate yourselves	This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh.
JOS	3	5	wz6l		יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠קִרְבְּ⁠כֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת	1	Yahweh will do wonders	Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience.
JOS	3	6	ts4p		שְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן	1	Take up the ark	This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another.
JOS	3	7	u6dt			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do.
JOS	3	7	q8ud	figs-metaphor	אָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְ⁠ךָ֔ בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	3	8	b797		קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	1	edge of the waters of the Jordan	Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River.
JOS	3	9	pd66			0	General Information:	Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
JOS	3	10	u9w6	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶם	1	drive out from before you	Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	3	11	zex2	figs-idiom	עֹבֵ֥ר	1	crosses over	“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	3	12	u1wf			0	General Information:	Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
JOS	3	12	u1wg			0	General Information:	Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
JOS	3	13	bej3		כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י	1	the soles of the feet	This refers to the bottom of their feet.
JOS	3	13	u9rl		מִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה	1	upstream	This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
JOS	3	13	s6ud		וְ⁠יַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד	1	stand in one heap	The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS	3	15	nhu7	figs-synecdoche	בִּ⁠קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם	1	edge of the water	This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	3	15	mu2b	writing-background	וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר	1	now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest	This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS	3	17	dp93			0	General Information:	The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
JOS	3	17	tg4f	figs-explicit	הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן	1	the Jordan	This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	3	17	w7z6	figs-idiom	עֹֽבְרִים֙	1	crossed over	This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	4	intro	eh7p			0		# Joshua 4 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JOS	4	1	yem9	figs-pronouns		0	General Information:	Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS	4	1	h2p6	figs-idiom	לַ⁠עֲב֖וֹר	1	crossed over	The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	4	1	lz4a	figs-explicit	אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	1	the Jordan	the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	3	g6yc	figs-quotesinquotes	וְ⁠צַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֮ לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָ⁠כֶ֨ם מִ⁠זֶּ֜ה מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִ⁠מַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְ⁠הַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠לָּֽיְלָה	1	Give them this command: ‘…‘	The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS	4	4	r99r			0	General Information:	Joshua tells the twelve men what to do.
JOS	4	5	wr9d	figs-explicit	אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠הָרִ֨ימוּ לָ⁠כֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔⁠וֹ	1	into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder	Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	6	v6tn			0	General Information:	Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean.
JOS	4	7	bq5m	figs-activepassive	נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה	1	The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	4	7	gsy5		נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙	1	The waters of the Jordan were	Alternate translation: “The Jordan River was”
JOS	4	7	ew13		נִכְרְת֜וּ…מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן	1	were cut off before the ark	The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests.
JOS	4	7	ww74		נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙	1	the waters of the Jordan were cut off	The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed.
JOS	4	8	q4qp			0	General Information:	Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
JOS	4	8	f69z	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן	1	they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan	This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	9	igh8	figs-explicit	וּ⁠שְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒	1	Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan	These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	9	yb3y		וַ⁠יִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	The memorial is there to this day	This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
JOS	4	10	reg9		הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒	1	the Jordan	This refers to the Jordan River.
JOS	4	10	bl85	figs-metonymy	הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	the people	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	4	10	er8c	figs-idiom	וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ	1	crossed over	This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	4	11	vff8	figs-idiom	לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם	1	before the people	This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	4	12	gp7q	figs-explicit	וַ֠⁠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַ⁠חֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army	These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	14	cc5t		כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ	1	just as they	The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JOS	4	15	m7sg			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
JOS	4	17	xw1x			0	General Information:	The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
JOS	4	18	m5z1		וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ לִ⁠מְקוֹמָ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יֵּלְכ֥וּ כִ⁠תְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽי⁠ו	1	waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks	The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
JOS	4	19	bf72		עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	1	came up out of the Jordan	This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
JOS	4	19	zy5r	translate-hebrewmonths	בֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן	1	on the tenth day of the first month	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	4	20	s8s2	figs-explicit	וְ⁠אֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽ⁠אֲבָנִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	1	The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan	Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	4	22	lx8h			0	General Information:	Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
JOS	4	22	p6nk		וְ⁠הוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם	1	Tell your children	It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
JOS	4	24	qe29	figs-metonymy	אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא	1	the hand of Yahweh is mighty	This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	5	intro	dv8f			0		# Joshua 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
JOS	5	1	el1p	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ	1	their hearts melted … there was no longer any spirit in them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	5	1	q8mi	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם	1	their hearts melted	Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	5	1	a2wh	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ	1	there was no longer any spirit in them	Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	5	3	m1u7	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יַּעַשׂ־ל֥⁠וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַ⁠יָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י	1	Joshua made himself flint knives … he circumcised all the males	There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives … they circumcised all the males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	5	3	jin6	translate-names	גִּבְעַ֖ת הָ⁠עֲרָלֽוֹת	1	Gibeath Haaraloth	This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	5	4	i17c			0	General Information:	The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
JOS	5	4	uz5p		אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֗ה	1	the men of war	the men who were old enough to be soldiers
JOS	5	6	k8wl	figs-metonymy	שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה	1	obey the voice of Yahweh	Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	5	6	jrp7	figs-metaphor	אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1	a land flowing with milk and honey	God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	5	9	x1q8	figs-metaphor	הַ⁠יּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵ⁠עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you	Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	5	10	tdl1	translate-hebrewmonths	בְּ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ	1	the fourteenth day of the month	This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	5	13	iyi7	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָי⁠ו֙ וַ⁠יַּ֔רְא וְ⁠הִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד	1	he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing	Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	5	13	x26s		וְ⁠הִנֵּה	1	behold	The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JOS	5	13	kk45		וְ⁠חַרְבּ֥⁠וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָד֑⁠וֹ	1	he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand	Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
JOS	5	14	d8u1		וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר	1	He said	The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS	5	14	ds5l		לֹ֗א	1	Neither	This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
JOS	5	14	r42a	translate-symaction	וַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥י⁠ו אַ֨רְצָ⁠ה֙ וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ	1	Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship	This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS	5	15	ge5y	translate-symaction	שַׁל־נַֽעַלְ⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔⁠ךָ	1	Take off your sandals from your feet	This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS	6	intro	uie9			0		# Joshua 6 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	6	1	gbz8		וִֽ⁠ירִיחוֹ֙	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS	6	2	j65i	figs-pastforfuture	נָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־מַלְכָּ֑⁠הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶ⁠חָֽיִל	1	I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers	Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS	6	2	v4hu	figs-metonymy	בְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔	1	into your hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	6	3	fu9e			0	Connecting Statement:	God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
JOS	6	3	eik2		כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים	1	You must do this for six days	Alternate translation: “You must do this once each day for six days”
JOS	6	4	b6ml		וְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַ⁠יּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָ⁠אָר֔וֹן	1	Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark	The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
JOS	6	5	zdc7			0	Connecting Statement:	God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
JOS	6	5	d5rg		בִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֗ל	1	they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn … of the trumpet	The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
JOS	6	5	g97v		חוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙	1	the wall of the city	Alternate translation: “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
JOS	6	6	h9cn	translate-names	נוּן֙	1	Nun	This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	6	6	s5ne		שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית	1	Take up the ark of the covenant	Alternate translation: “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
JOS	6	8	l35d	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה	1	before Yahweh	Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	6	8	vk7j		וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת	1	they gave a blast on the trumpets	Alternate translation: “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS	6	8	ayf9	figs-explicit	וַֽ⁠אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶֽם	1	The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them	It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	6	10	ls5v	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠לֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִ⁠פִּי⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר	1	No sound must leave your mouths	Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	6	10	tw9q	figs-events	וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ	1	But Joshua commanded the people	Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS	6	13	k64v	translate-numbers	וְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֡ים…שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת	1	seven priests … seven trumpets	“7 priests…7 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	6	13	ai87		וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת	1	gave blasts on the trumpets	This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually”
JOS	6	14	j232	translate-ordinal	בַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙	1	the second day	the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	6	14	r4j1		כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ	1	They did this	Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
JOS	6	14	p14u	translate-numbers	שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים	1	six days	“6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	6	16	fp32		הָ⁠עָם֙	1	the people	This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS	6	16	sc3s		תָּקְע֥וּ…בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת	1	gave a blast with the trumpets	Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS	6	16	fj73	figs-pastforfuture	נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	Yahweh has given you	Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS	6	16	wdh6	figs-you	נָתַ֧ן…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	given you	The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	6	17	ugl7			0	Connecting Statement:	Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
JOS	6	17	w1sn	figs-activepassive	וְ⁠הָיְתָ֨ה הָ⁠עִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖⁠הּ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה	1	The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	6	18	ypv3	figs-metaphor	שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם	1	be on guard about taking the things	Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. “Be careful that you do not take the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	6	18	p8xv	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠עֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽ⁠וֹ	1	you will bring trouble on it	Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: “you will cause bad things to happen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	6	19	bz6i		אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה	1	the treasury of Yahweh	a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh
JOS	6	20	fm69		וַ⁠יָּרִ֤יעוּ הָ⁠עָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה	1	the people gave a great shout	Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shouted”
JOS	6	20	v2v6		וַֽ⁠יִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת	1	gave blasts with the trumpets	Alternate translation: “sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
JOS	6	24	ny39		וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ	1	They burned the city	The word “they” refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city.
JOS	6	25	w9ik	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠תֵּ֨שֶׁב֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	She lives in Israel	The word “She” refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: “Her descendants live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	6	25	qlj6		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה	1	to this day	“now” or “even today.” Rahab’s descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story.
JOS	6	26	cq3c	figs-metaphor	אָר֨וּר הָ⁠אִ֜ישׁ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּ⁠בָנָ֞ה	1	Cursed is the man in Yahweh’s sight who rebuilds	Being cursed in Yahweh’s sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	6	26	len7	figs-metaphor	בִּ⁠בְכֹר֣⁠וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔⁠נָּה	1	At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation	The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	6	26	anp8	figs-metaphor	וּ⁠בִ⁠צְעִיר֖⁠וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽי⁠הָ	1	at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates	The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	6	27	brx7	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠כָל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1	his fame spread throughout the land	This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	intro	uv41			0		# Joshua 7 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS	7	1	mtm4		בַּ⁠חֵ֑רֶם	1	the things that were set apart for destruction	Alternate translation: “the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them”
JOS	7	1	z3zl	translate-names	עָכָ֣ן…כַּרְמִי֩…זַבְדִּ֨י…זֶ֜רַח	1	Achan … Karmi … Zabdi … Zerah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	7	1	li2v	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה	1	Yahweh’s anger burned	“anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	3	ui7f		כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֒	1	all the people	This refers to the army of Israel.
JOS	7	3	z2xr		מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה	1	they are few in number	The word “they” refers to the people of Ai.
JOS	7	4	i5e8		וַ⁠יַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָ⁠עָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּ⁠ה כִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ	1	three thousand men went up from the army	These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: “three thousand men belonging to the army went up”
JOS	7	4	ak54	translate-numbers	כִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ	1	three thousand men	“3,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	7	5	nyw2	translate-numbers	כִּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְ⁠שִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ	1	thirty-six men	“36 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	7	5	zcr5	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לְ⁠מָֽיִם	1	The hearts of the people melted and became like water	These phrases “melted” and “became like water” share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	7	5	j2v2	figs-synecdoche	וַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	The hearts of the people melted	Here the people are represented by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “The people were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	7	5	h4tc		לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	The hearts of the people	The phrase “the people” refers to the Israelite soldiers.
JOS	7	6	ty1c	translate-symaction	וַ⁠יִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗י⁠ו וַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨י⁠ו אַ֜רְצָ⁠ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙	1	tore his garments … put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh	They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS	7	7	jb6r	figs-ellipsis	לָ֠⁠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָ⁠תֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛⁠נוּ בְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י לְ⁠הַאֲבִידֵ֑⁠נוּ	1	To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?	Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: “Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS	7	7	run5	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י	1	To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?	The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: “To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	7	aq5b		וְ⁠לוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ	1	If only we made a different decision	The words “If only” show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: “I wish we had made a different decision”
JOS	7	8	x4pf			0	General Information:	Joshua expresses frustration to God.
JOS	7	8	ke9p	figs-rquestion	בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑⁠י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו	1	what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies?	Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	7	8	s4eb	figs-metonymy	הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו	1	Israel has turned their backs before their enemies	Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “Israel has run away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	9	n2kp	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠נָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ וְ⁠הִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖⁠נוּ מִן־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name	Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	7	9	r713	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל	1	for your great name	The phrase “your great name” here represents God’s reputation and power. Alternate translation: “And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	9	vd3r	figs-rquestion	וּ⁠מַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל	1	What will you do for your great name?	Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: “Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name.” or “Then people will not know that you are great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	7	10	ev1w			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed.
JOS	7	10	hqu3	figs-rquestion	לָ֑⁠ךְ לָ֣⁠מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	Why are you lying there on your face?	God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: “Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	7	11	lc29		הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם	1	the things that were set apart	These are the things “marked for destruction” from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: “the cursed things” or “those things which God has cursed”
JOS	7	11	dd18	figs-metaphor	גָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְ⁠גַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ	1	They have stolen and then also hidden their sin	Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: “They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	12	yzi5	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠לֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם	1	cannot stand before their enemies	Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: “cannot fight successfully against their enemies” or “cannot defeat their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	12	xix1	figs-metonymy	עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם	1	They turned their backs from their enemies	Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “They ran away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	12	fs9m	figs-metonymy	לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽ⁠הְי֣וֹת עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם	1	I will not be with you any more	Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: “I will not help you any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	13	u4s8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people.
JOS	7	13	ln4q		אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם	1	the people	This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS	7	13	j4ki	figs-metonymy	לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	You cannot stand against your enemies	Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	7	14	gjw9			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
JOS	7	14	dp8p	figs-idiom	וְ⁠נִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּ⁠בֹּ֖קֶר לְ⁠שִׁבְטֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	you must present yourselves by your tribes	There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	7	14	scj7	figs-idiom	הַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת	1	The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans	The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	7	14	crt9		הַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה	1	The tribe that Yahweh selects	The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
JOS	7	14	xl85	figs-idiom	וְ⁠הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤⁠נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠בָּתִּ֔ים	1	The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household	The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	7	14	q8me	figs-idiom	וְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַ⁠גְּבָרִֽים	1	The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one	The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: “From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	7	15	d5nb	figs-activepassive	הַ⁠נִּלְכָּ֣ד	1	the one who is selected	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh selects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	7	15	g1vn	figs-metaphor	עָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה	1	he has broken the covenant of Yahweh	Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: “he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	16	fdv2			0	General Information:	Joshua follows Yahweh’s command to bring Israel before Yahweh.
JOS	7	16	lzb4	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִ⁠שְׁבָטָ֑י⁠ו	1	brought Israel near, tribe by tribe	The phrase “tribe by tribe” means each tribe. Alternate translation: “brought each tribe of Israel near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	7	16	g7qp	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה	1	the tribe of Judah was selected	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	7	17	br4y	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙ לַ⁠גְּבָרִ֔ים	1	He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person	The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	7	17	z419		אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙	1	the clan of the Zerahites	The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
JOS	7	17	ha7i	translate-names	זַבְדִּֽי	1	Zabdi	This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	7	18	u41u	translate-names	עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח	1	Zabdi … Achan … Karmi … Zerah	These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	7	19	k521	figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠תֶן־ל֣⁠וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה	1	give your confession to him	The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOS	7	19	fv9g	figs-metaphor	אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי	1	Do not hide it from me	Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	21	b9nn	translate-bweight	וּ⁠מָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים	1	two hundred shekels	This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS	7	21	y7vj	translate-bweight	חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙	1	fifty shekels	This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS	7	21	xw3j	figs-activepassive	טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּ⁠אָ֛רֶץ	1	They are hidden in the ground	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	7	23	vh7i		וַ⁠יַּצִּקֻ֖⁠ם	1	poured them out	Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS	7	24	ta3l	translate-names	עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר	1	the Valley of Achor	The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	7	25	vd6n	figs-rquestion	מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔⁠נוּ	1	Why have you troubled us?	Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	7	25	i3rq		וַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים	1	Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire.	Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS	7	26	zcp9	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵ⁠חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑⁠וֹ	1	Yahweh turned away his burning anger	Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	7	26	hfq5		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	until this present day	It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
JOS	8	intro	f3jc			0		# Joshua 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.
JOS	8	1	l4p8	figs-parallelism	אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְ⁠אַל־תֵּחָ֔ת	1	Do not fear; do not be discouraged	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	8	1	den6	figs-metonymy	נָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָ⁠עַי֙ וְ⁠אֶת־עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־עִיר֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1	I have given into your hand the king of Ai … and his land	Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	8	1	t7bq	figs-pastforfuture	נָתַ֣תִּי	1	I have given	God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS	8	2	h3r6	figs-personification	וּ⁠לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֗⁠הּ	1	her king	The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS	8	3	k4uk		עַ֥ם הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	1	the men of war	Alternate translation: “the army of Israel”
JOS	8	5	vtq4			0	General Information:	Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS	8	7	fw9x	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠נְתָנָ֛⁠הּ…בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	will give it into your hand	Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	8	8	aj5t			0	General Information:	Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS	8	9	yt5n		וַ⁠יִּשְׁלָחֵ֣⁠ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ	1	Joshua sent them out	This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
JOS	8	9	i3lf		הַ⁠מַּאְרָ֔ב	1	the place of ambush	Alternate translation: “where they would hide until it was time to attack”
JOS	8	12	ycd3	translate-numbers	כַּ⁠חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ	1	five thousand men	“5,000 men.” This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	8	13	j7b9			0	General Information:	The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
JOS	8	13	s1lu		אֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה	1	the main army	This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
JOS	8	13	nq1b		עֲקֵב֖⁠וֹ	1	rear guard	those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
JOS	8	15	a83i	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ…לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם	1	let themselves be defeated before them	“let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation:  “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	8	15	w933		לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם	1	before them	the army of Ai
JOS	8	15	bri5		וַ⁠יָּנֻ֖סוּ	1	they fled	The army of Israel fled.
JOS	8	16	dr3a		וַֽ⁠יִּרְדְּפוּ֙	1	they went after … they were drawn away	These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai.
JOS	8	16	m6sq		לִ⁠רְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶ֑ם	1	to go after them	to go after the army of Isreal
JOS	8	16	lcb5	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר	1	All the people who were in the city were called together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The city leaders called all the people in the city together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	8	16	k8ff	figs-hyperbole	כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר	1	All the people who were in the city	The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but “all the people” refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS	8	17	zip6		וַ⁠יַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה	1	left it open	Alternate translation: “left the city gates open”
JOS	8	18	xe2m	figs-metonymy	בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑⁠נָּה	1	I will give Ai into your hand	Giving Ai into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: “I will give you victory over Ai” or “I will cause you to capture Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	8	24	v2gf	figs-parallelism	כְּ⁠כַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַ⁠הֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י…וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב	1	when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants … when all of them … had fallen by the edge of the sword	The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God’s command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	8	24	dd98	figs-euphemism	וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב	1	had fallen by the edge of the sword	Here “fallen” is a euphemism for dying. Also, “the edge of the sword” represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “had died in battle” or “had died when the army of Israel attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	8	25	d2ud	translate-numbers	שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף	1	twelve thousand	“12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	8	28	uiv3		שְׁמָמָ֔ה	1	an abandoned place	It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there.
JOS	8	29	wd9u		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	to this day	Alternate translation: “today” or “even now”
JOS	8	30	xev4	translate-names	בְּ⁠הַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל	1	Mount Ebal	a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	8	35	ym6u	figs-doublenegatives	לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ	1	There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read	This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS	8	35	kdu7	figs-metonymy	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	1	Israel	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	9	intro	w1cx			0		# Joshua 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power.  This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS	9	1	g4h4	translate-names	הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֜ן	1	the Jordan	a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	2	uj94	figs-metonymy	פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד	1	under one command	Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	9	4	r5yb		בְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה	1	cunning plan	a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
JOS	9	5	q9v6		יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים	1	dry and moldy	Alternate translation: “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
JOS	9	6	rz8e	figs-synecdoche	אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	1	men of Israel	This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	9	7	w599	translate-names	הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י	1	the Hivites	This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	7	t1r4	figs-rquestion	אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית	1	Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you?	Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	9	10	kam4	translate-names	לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙	1	Sihon	This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	10	s17h	translate-names	חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן	1	Heshbon	This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	10	pz6y	translate-names	וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג	1	Og	This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	10	p9ed	translate-names	בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת	1	Ashtaroth	This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	11	hq3m	figs-synecdoche	בְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם	1	in your hand	This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	9	11	k7fe		לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙	1	meet them and say to them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JOS	9	15	f67z	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְ⁠חַיּוֹתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָ⁠עֵדָֽה	1	Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them.	These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	9	15	je8p	figs-metonymy	הָ⁠עֵדָֽה	1	the people	Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	9	17	s1u5	translate-numbers	בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י	1	third day	This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	9	17	q18q	translate-names	וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה	1	Kephirah	This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	17	j671	translate-names	וּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת	1	Beeroth	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	17	alr9	translate-names	וְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים	1	Kiriath Jearim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	9	19	a168		הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה	1	the people	Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
JOS	9	21	wg7n		וַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙	1	the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water	Alternate translation: “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
JOS	9	23	zlp7	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י	1	house of my God	Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	9	25	a5un	figs-doublet	כַּ⁠טּ֨וֹב וְ⁠כַ⁠יָּשָׁ֧ר	1	Whatever seems good and right	The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	9	26	gy9c		לָ⁠הֶ֖ם	1	for them	The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.
JOS	9	27	p81s		עַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה	1	to this day	“even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
JOS	10	intro	uy1f			0		# Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	10	1	au8p		וַ⁠יְהִי֩	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
JOS	10	1	y65k	translate-names	אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק	1	Adoni-Zedek	This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	3	y6ss	translate-names	יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן	1	Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	3	k9rg	translate-names	הוֹהָ֣ם…פִּרְאָ֨ם…יָפִ֧יעַ…דְּבִ֥יר	1	Hoham … Piram … Japhia … Debir	These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	4	ct5k		עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣⁠י	1	Come up to me	“Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
JOS	10	5	d9vy	translate-numbers	חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀ מַלְכֵ֣י	1	five kings	“5 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	10	5	m422	translate-names	יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֣ישׁ…עֶגְל֔וֹן	1	Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	5	vs78		וַֽ⁠יַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל	1	They set up their positions against Gibeon	This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
JOS	10	6	wk68		לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר	1	They said	The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
JOS	10	6	zhx9	figs-litotes	אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מֵֽ⁠עֲבָדֶ֑י⁠ךָ	1	Do not withdraw your hands from your servants	This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	10	6	am1x	figs-metonymy	יָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ	1	your hands	The word “hands” here refers to the people of Israel’s strength. Alternate translation: “your strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	8	c4uw	figs-metonymy	בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם	1	I have given them into your hand	Here “hand” represents the people of Israel’s strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word “them” refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	8	du96		נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם	1	I have given them	Here the word “them” refers to the attacking armies.
JOS	10	9	ecq8	figs-synecdoche	וַ⁠יָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	1	Joshua came	The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	10	10	sq89		וַ⁠יְהֻמֵּ֤⁠ם יְהוָה֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
JOS	10	10	yr7y	translate-names	בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן…עֲזֵקָ֖ה…מַקֵּדָֽה	1	Beth Horon … Azekah … Makkedah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	11	fbf9	translate-names	בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙…עֲזֵקָ֖ה	1	Beth Horon … Azekah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	11	tuc9		הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵי⁠הֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֛יִם	1	threw large stones down from heaven	Alternate translation: “threw large hailstones from the sky”
JOS	10	12	si1e	figs-parallelism	שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּ⁠גִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ בְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן	1	Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon	Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	10	12	j9zt	figs-personification	שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ…וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ	1	Sun … moon	Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS	10	12	ug8m	translate-names	בְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן	1	Valley of Aijalon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	13	dq14	figs-metonymy	גּוֹי֙	1	the nation	This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	13	b91l	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠לֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַ⁠יָּשָׁ֑ר	1	Is this not written in the Book of Jashar?	The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: “This is written in The Book of Jashar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS	10	16	wcb9	translate-names	בְּ⁠מַקֵּדָֽה	1	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	17	mns8	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יֻּגַּ֖ד לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ	1	It was told to Joshua	Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	10	19	l8tl	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	into your hand	The phrase “your hand” here means “your control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	21	kb3w	translate-names	מַקֵּדָ֖ה	1	Makkedah	Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	21	py6w		לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִ⁠בְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽ⁠וֹ	1	No one dared to say one word against	Alternate translation: “No one dared to say anything against” or “No one dared to complain or protest against”
JOS	10	22	zs9n	figs-idiom	פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַ⁠מְּעָרָ֑ה	1	Open the mouth of the cave	Here “mouth” is an idiom that means “entrance.” Alternate translation: “Open the entrance of the cave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	10	23	g4te	translate-names	יַרְמ֔וּת…לָכִ֖ישׁ…עֶגְלֽוֹן	1	Jarmuth … Lachish … Eglon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	24	dnc1	figs-synecdoche	כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	1	every man of Israel	Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	10	27	e9z9		עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	to this very day	Alternate translation: “until the author wrote this story”
JOS	10	28	e1nc	translate-names	מַקֵּדָ֔ה	1	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	28	nhk6	figs-parallelism	הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔⁠הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד	1	He completely destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivor in it	The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	10	29	k439	translate-names	לִבְנָ֑ה	1	Libnah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	31	dsk6	translate-names	מִ⁠לִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁ⁠ה	1	Libnah … Lachish	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	32	yw79	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	1	into the hand of Israel	Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	33	rff2	translate-names	הֹרָם֙	1	Horam	This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	33	lp2c	translate-names	גֶּ֔זֶר…אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ	1	Gezer … Lachish	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	34	y3g9	translate-names	מִ⁠לָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָ⁠ה	1	Lachish … Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	35	dqi7	figs-doublet	וַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠הָ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־…הַ⁠ה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים	1	struck it with the edge of the sword … completely destroyed everyone in it	These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	10	36	a6ng	translate-names	מֵ⁠עֶגְל֖וֹנָ⁠ה	1	Eglon	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	37	gba2	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יִּלְכְּד֣וּ⁠הָ וַ⁠יַּכּֽוּ⁠הָ־לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֠רֶב	1	They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword	The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They captured and killed and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	38	mr8b	translate-names	דְּבִ֑רָ⁠ה	1	Debir	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	39	g2ta	translate-names	לִ⁠דְבִ֨רָ⁠ה֙…לְ⁠לִבְנָ֖ה	1	Debir … Libnah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	10	39	m8bf	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב	1	They struck them with the edge of the sword	The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They killed and destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	10	40	u843	figs-parallelism	וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵי⁠הֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְ⁠אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַ⁠נְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים	1	Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh’s command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	10	42	qy8i		כָּל־הַ⁠מְּלָכִ֤ים הָ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצָ֔⁠ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	1	Joshua captured all these kings and their land	This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
JOS	10	42	rbp2	figs-synecdoche	לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	1	Joshua captured	Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	10	42	f9tx		פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת	1	at one time	This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
JOS	11	intro	g8mw			0		# Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	11	1	a1ca	translate-names	יָבִ֣ין…יוֹבָב֙	1	Jabin … Jobab	These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	1	zi5u	translate-names	חָצ֑וֹר…מָד֔וֹן…שִׁמְר֖וֹן…אַכְשָֽׁף	1	Hazor … Madon … Shimron … Akshaph	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	2	gz61	translate-names	כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת…וּ⁠בְ⁠נָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר	1	Kinnereth … Naphoth Dor	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	3	rds6	translate-names	חֶרְמ֔וֹן	1	Mount Hermon	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	4	d9fb			0	General Information:	All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
JOS	11	4	e5l4	figs-hyperbole	וְ⁠כָל־מַֽחֲנֵי⁠הֶם֙ עִמָּ֔⁠ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּ⁠ח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם לָ⁠רֹ֑ב	1	a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore	No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: “such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS	11	5	kc2e	translate-names	מֵר֔וֹם	1	Merom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	6	n348	figs-metaphor	אָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛⁠ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	I am giving them all to Israel as dead men	Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: “I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	11	6	lgk2		אֶת־סוּסֵי⁠הֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר	1	hamstring their horses	“cripple their horses by cutting their legs.” This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
JOS	11	7	sm9k	translate-names	מֵר֖וֹם	1	Merom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	8	cw9y	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּתְּנֵ֨⁠ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּ⁠יַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮	1	Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel	Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel’s hand. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	11	8	n4ub		וַ⁠יַּכּוּ⁠ם֒…וַ⁠יַּכֻּ֕⁠ם	1	struck them … struck them	Alternate translation: “attacked them … attacked them”
JOS	11	8	m9b1	translate-names	מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם	1	Misrephoth Maim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	9	q7dn		עִקֵּ֔ר	1	hamstrung	This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
JOS	11	10	pbp8		מַלְכָּ֖⁠הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶ⁠חָ֑רֶב	1	He struck its king with the sword	Alternate translation: “Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword”
JOS	11	10	cjd1	figs-metaphor	חָצ֣וֹר לְ⁠פָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַ⁠מַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָ⁠אֵֽלֶּה	1	Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms	Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	11	be72	figs-parallelism	וַ֠⁠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤⁠הּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה	1	They struck with the sword every living creature that was there … so there was not any living creature left alive	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	11	11	z2md	figs-synecdoche	הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם	1	he set them apart to be destroyed	The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	11	12	i5tz		וַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב	1	struck them with the edge of the sword	Alternate translation: “killed them”
JOS	11	13	f8kv		הֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הָ⁠עֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔⁠ם	1	cities built on mounds	Alternate translation: “cities built on small hills”
JOS	11	14	grk1	figs-rpronouns	לָ⁠הֶ֖ם	1	for themselves	This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS	11	14	n215	figs-parallelism	אֶֽת־כָּל־הָ⁠אָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָ⁠ם֙ אוֹתָ֔⁠ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה	1	They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed.	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	11	15	ta4x	figs-litotes	לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה	1	He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do	This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	11	17	yr6b	translate-names	הָ⁠הָ֤ר הֶֽ⁠חָלָק֙…בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙	1	Mount Halak … Baal Gad	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	20	pq7v	figs-metaphor	מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְ⁠חַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּ⁠ם֩	1	it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts	Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	11	21	im1q	translate-names	אֶת־הָֽ⁠עֲנָקִים֙	1	Anakim	These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	21	p6cd	translate-names	דְּבִ֣ר…עֲנָ֔ב	1	Debir … Anab	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	11	23	qe5v	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּתְּנָ⁠הּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֧ה לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל	1	Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel	Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	11	23	x695	figs-personification	וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה	1	the land had rest from the wars	The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	12	intro	ga6k			0		# Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.
JOS	12	1	e45x	writing-background	וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS	12	1	fe2c		וְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י	1	these are the kings	This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
JOS	12	1	g8ju	translate-names	הָ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה	1	the Arabah	These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	2	uv1m	translate-names	מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר	1	Aroer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	2	ts6s		סִיחוֹן֙…בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן	1	Sihon … Heshbon	See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS	12	3	dh7d		יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת	1	Sea of Kinnereth	This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
JOS	12	3	gc3x	translate-names	בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת…הַ⁠פִּסְגָּֽה	1	Beth Jeshimoth … Mount Pisgah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	4	zb6d		ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַ⁠בָּשָׁ֔ן	1	Og, king of Bashan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS	12	4	m4ct	translate-names	הָ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים	1	the Rephaim	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	4	t7hy	translate-names	בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי	1	Ashtaroth … Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	5	vu4f	translate-names	וּ⁠בְ⁠סַלְכָה֙	1	Salekah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	5	sbq3	translate-names	וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י	1	Maacathites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	6	bsj6		לָ⁠רֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙	1	Reubenites	These are the descendants of Reuben.
JOS	12	6	p8zt		וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י	1	Gadites	These are the descendants of Gad.
JOS	12	6	zk48		וְ⁠לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּֽׁה	1	half tribe of Manasseh	They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
JOS	12	7	nie7	translate-names	מִ⁠בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙…הָ⁠הָ֥ר הֶ⁠חָלָ֖ק	1	Baal Gad … Mount Halak	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	8	z37z	translate-names	וּ⁠בָֽ⁠עֲרָבָה֙	1	the Arabah	This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	10	ps2m	translate-names	חֶבְר֖וֹן	1	Enaim	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	11	aj97	translate-names	יַרְמוּת֙…לָכִ֖ישׁ	1	Jarmuth … Lachish	These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	12	bgl2	translate-names	עֶגְלוֹן֙…גֶּ֖זֶר	1	Eglon … Gezer	These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	13	mgg8	translate-names	דְּבִר֙…גֶּ֖דֶר	1	Debir … Geder	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	14	e9ba	translate-names	חָרְמָה֙…עֲרָ֖ד	1	Hormah … Arad	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	15	nec9	translate-names	לִבְנָה֙…עֲדֻלָּ֖ם	1	Libnah … Adullam	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	16	se49	translate-names	מַקֵּדָה֙	1	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	17	g346	translate-names	תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙…חֵ֖פֶר	1	Tappuah … Hepher	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	18	m8vl	translate-names	אֲפֵק֙…לַ⁠שָּׁר֖וֹן	1	Aphek … Lasharon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	19	ga17	translate-names	מָדוֹן֙…חָצ֖וֹר	1	Madon … Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	20	cq4i	translate-names	שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙…אַכְשָׁ֖ף	1	Shimron Meron … Akshaph	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	21	pv5n	translate-names	תַּעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ	1	Taanach … Megiddo	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	22	z2b9	translate-names	קֶ֨דֶשׁ֙…יָקְנֳעָ֥ם	1	Kedesh … Jokneam	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	23	a6eq	translate-names	דּ֛וֹר לְ⁠נָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר…גּוֹיִ֥ם	1	Dor … Naphoth Dor … Goyim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	24	kv8w	translate-names	תִּרְצָ֖ה	1	Tirzah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	12	24	aeg5	translate-numbers	כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָֽד	1	thirty-one in all	“31 in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	13	intro	zl7s			0		# Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan.  This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
JOS	13	2	s51z	figs-explicit	זֹ֥את הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת	1	This is the land that still remains	You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	13	3	q1nv	translate-names	הַ⁠שִּׁיח֞וֹר	1	Shihor	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	3	a3iw	figs-activepassive	לַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב	1	which is considered property of the Canaanites	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	13	3	jnl3	translate-names	וְ⁠הָ⁠עַוִּֽים	1	Avvites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	4	b13s	translate-names	וּ⁠מְעָרָ֛ה…אֲפֵ֑קָ⁠ה	1	Arah … Aphek	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	5	bj71	translate-names	מִ⁠בַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד…הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן	1	Baal Gad … Mount Hermon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	5	jd8r	translate-names	הַ⁠גִּבְלִ֗י	1	Gebalites	This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	6	b7pk	translate-names	מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙	1	Misrephoth Maim	this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	6	si8i	figs-metaphor	לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽ⁠נַחֲלָ֔ה	1	land … as an inheritance	The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	9	gfc4	translate-names	מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָ֖א…דִּיבֽוֹן	1	Aroer … Medeba … Dibon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	9	lk8d		הַ⁠נַּ֛חַל	1	gorge	a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
JOS	13	9	t2an		הַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֥ר	1	plateau	flat land high above rivers
JOS	13	10	zm4w	translate-names	בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן	1	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	11	whz4	translate-names	סַלְכָֽה	1	Salekah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	11	kc79		וּ⁠גְב֧וּל הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י	1	the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites	Alternate translation: “the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived”
JOS	13	11	l98j	translate-names	וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י	1	Maacathites	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	12	hw24	translate-names	בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֑עִי	1	Ashtaroth … Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	12	u2dn	translate-names	הָ⁠רְפָאִ֔ים	1	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	12	l1cu	figs-synecdoche	וַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה	1	Moses struck them	Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	13	13	zb9l	translate-names	אֶת־הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י	1	the Geshurites or the Maacathites	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	13	hu1n	figs-explicit	גְּשׁ֤וּר וּ⁠מַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	Geshur and Maacath live among Israel	“Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	13	13	xw7d		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS	13	14	zs6y	figs-metaphor	לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה	1	Moses gave no inheritance	The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	14	v9zc	figs-metaphor	אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה…ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ	1	The offerings of Yahweh … are their inheritance	The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh … are what they will have for their provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	14	br61		אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה	1	offerings of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh”
JOS	13	14	lz8a	figs-activepassive	אִשֵּׁ֨י	1	made by fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	13	16	f1uv	translate-names	מֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר…מֵידְבָֽא	1	Aroer … Medeba	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	16	s5yv		נַ֨חַל…הַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֖ר	1	gorge … plateau	See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
JOS	13	17	y6iu	translate-names	חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן…דִּיבוֹן֙ וּ⁠בָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּ⁠בֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן	1	Heshbon … Dibon … Bamoth Baal … Beth Baal Meon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	18	i4fe	translate-names	וְ⁠יַ֥הְצָ⁠ה וּ⁠קְדֵמֹ֖ת וּ⁠מֵפָֽעַת	1	Jahaz … Kedemoth … Mephaath	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	19	f1h3	translate-names	וְ⁠קִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְ⁠שִׂבְמָ֔ה וְ⁠צֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר	1	Kiriathaim … Sibmah … Zereth Shahar	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	20	is7v	translate-names	וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר…הַ⁠פִּסְגָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת	1	Beth Peor … Pisgah … Beth Jeshimoth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	21	uld7	translate-names	בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן	1	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	21	j6hq	translate-names	סִיחוֹן֙…אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְ⁠אֶת־צ֤וּר וְ⁠אֶת־חוּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֔בַע	1	Sihon … Evi … Rekem … Zur … Hur … Reba	These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	21	x56e		אֹת֣⁠וֹ׀ וְ⁠אֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן	1	together with the leaders of Midian	Alternate translation: “as he had defeated the leaders of Midian”
JOS	13	23	gc1r		וּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את	1	this is their boundary	The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
JOS	13	23	x56m	figs-metaphor	וּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben	The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	23	ud8m	figs-activepassive	לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔⁠ם	1	given to each of their clans	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	13	25	fmp2	translate-names	יַעְזֵר֙…עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר…רַבָּֽה	1	Jazer … Aroer … Rabbah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	26	mr54	translate-names	וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן…רָמַ֥ת הַ⁠מִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּ⁠בְטֹנִ֑ים וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲנַ֖יִם…לִדְבִֽר	1	Heshbon … Ramath Mizpah … Betonim … Mahanaim … Debir	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	27	ie4m	translate-names	בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּ⁠בֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְ⁠סֻכּ֣וֹת וְ⁠צָפ֗וֹן…חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן	1	Beth Haram … Beth Nimrah … Zaphon … Heshbon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	28	hla2	figs-metaphor	זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד	1	This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad	The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	29	we69	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה	1	Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh	The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	29	gs84		לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה	1	half tribe of Manasseh	Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
JOS	13	29	p8yw	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י לַ⁠חֲצִ֛י	1	It was assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	13	30	s32g	translate-names	מִ⁠מַּחֲנַ֨יִם…יָאִ֛יר	1	Mahanaim … Jair	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	31	b2aa	translate-names	וְ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֔עִי	1	Ashtaroth … Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	31	zde9	figs-activepassive	לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י	1	These were assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	13	31	g5si	translate-names	מָכִ֖יר	1	Machir	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	13	32	hh57	figs-metaphor	אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה	1	This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them	The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	13	33	ce57	figs-metaphor	יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם	1	Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance	The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	intro	dsn7			0		# Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS	14	1	u4tc	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1	the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance	The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	1	ql64		אֲב֥וֹת הַ⁠מַּטּ֖וֹת	1	tribal leaders	Alternate translation: “leaders of the tribes”
JOS	14	2	f1ux	figs-activepassive	בְּ⁠גוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם	1	Their inheritance was selected by lot	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	14	2	ti9l	figs-synecdoche	בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1	by the hand of Moses	Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	14	3	ptq4	figs-metaphor	כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠מַּטּוֹת֙ וַ⁠חֲצִ֣י הַ⁠מַּטֶּ֔ה מֵ⁠עֵ֖בֶר לַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠לַ֨⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם	1	Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance	The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	4	tye1	figs-activepassive	וְ⁠לֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם בָּ⁠אָ֗רֶץ	1	The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	14	4	c5l6		חֵ֨לֶק	1	portion	Alternate translation: “part”
JOS	14	4	tj8s	figs-ellipsis	כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָ⁠שֶׁ֔בֶת	1	but only certain cities to live in	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS	14	4	m4nv		וּ⁠מִ֨גְרְשֵׁי⁠הֶ֔ם	1	pasturelands	fields of grass for the livestock to eat
JOS	14	4	j8ys		וּ⁠לְ⁠קִנְיָנָֽ⁠ם	1	material resources	physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
JOS	14	6	b9tc	translate-names	יְפֻנֶּ֖ה	1	Jephunneh	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	14	6	g6g8	translate-names	הַ⁠קְּנִזִּ֑י	1	Kenizzite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	14	7	wqe2	figs-idiom	וָ⁠אָשֵׁ֤ב אֹת⁠וֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽ⁠י	1	I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make	Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	14	8	q6zs	figs-metaphor	הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָ⁠עָ֑ם	1	made the heart of the people melt with fear	Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	8	d53a	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה	1	I completely followed Yahweh	Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	9	ew2r	figs-metaphor	הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙…בָּ֔⁠הּ לְ⁠ךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֛ה וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם	1	the land … will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever	The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	9	shc9	figs-synecdoche	הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֙	1	the land on which your foot has walked	Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	14	10	m9sn		הִנֵּה֩	1	look	Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JOS	14	10	c4ma		אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר	1	while Israel walked in the wilderness	Alternate translation: “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
JOS	14	11	q443		כְּ⁠כֹ֥חִ⁠י אָ֖ז וּ⁠כְ⁠כֹ֣חִ⁠י עָ֑תָּה	1	My strength is now as my strength was then	Alternate translation: “I am still as strong now as I was then”
JOS	14	11	y4nf	figs-idiom	וְ⁠לָ⁠צֵ֥את וְ⁠לָ⁠בֽוֹא	1	for going and coming	This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	14	12	r8ka		אֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר	1	hill country	Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
JOS	14	12	ner3	translate-names	עֲנָקִ֣ים	1	Anakim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	14	13	q6ae	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְ⁠כָלֵ֥ב	1	gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb	Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	14	gji6		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה	1	to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS	14	14	zii3	figs-metaphor	מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה	1	he completely followed Yahweh	Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	14	15	hyh6	translate-names	קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע	1	Kiriath Arba	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	14	15	wv1z	figs-personification	וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה	1	Then the land had rest from war	The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	15	intro	ght5			0		# Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	15	1	ex51	translate-names	צִ֛ן	1	Zin	This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	2	k5za		מִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַ⁠מֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה	1	from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south	“from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
JOS	15	2	j6xn		מִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה	1	from the bay that faces to the south	Alternate translation: “from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
JOS	15	2	qj2g		הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן	1	bay	smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
JOS	15	3	kb99	translate-names	עַקְרַבִּים֙…צִ֔נָ⁠ה…חֶצְרוֹן֙…אַדָּ֔רָ⁠ה…הַ⁠קַּרְקָֽעָ⁠ה	1	Akrabbim … Zin … Hezron … Addar … Karka	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	4	nzh3	translate-names	עַצְמ֗וֹנָ⁠ה	1	Azmon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	4	d1b1	translate-names	נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם	1	brook of Egypt	a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	5	xrg4	figs-metaphor	מִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּֽן	1	at the mouth of the Jordan	The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	15	5	bl5c		וּ⁠גְב֞וּל	1	border … ran	Alternate translation: “border … was”
JOS	15	6	lbt5	translate-names	בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה…לְ⁠בֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה	1	Beth Hoglah … Beth Arabah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	6	eqi7	translate-names	אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן	1	the Stone of Bohan	This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	7	n7k5	translate-names	דְּבִרָ⁠ה֮ מֵ⁠עֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒…הַ⁠גִּלְגָּ֗ל…לְ⁠מַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים…מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶ…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל	1	Debir … the Valley of Achor … the hill of Adummim … En Shemesh … En Rogel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	8	qa4u	translate-names	גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם…עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים	1	the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Rephaim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	9	hb3j	translate-names	נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ…הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן…קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים	1	Nephtoah … Mount Ephron … Baalah … Kiriath Jearim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	10	h92v	translate-names	מִ⁠בַּעֲלָ֥ה…הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר…הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים…כְסָל֑וֹן…בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ…תִּמְנָֽה	1	Baalah … Mount Seir … Mount Jearim … Kesalon … Beth Shemesh … Timnah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	11	n6qt	translate-names	שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָ⁠ה…הַר־הַֽ⁠בַּעֲלָ֖ה…יַבְנְאֵ֑ל	1	Shikkeron … Mount Baalah … Jabneel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	13	gx9f	translate-names	אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע	1	Kiriath Arba	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	13	v154	translate-names	אַרְבַּ֛ע…הָ⁠עֲנָ֖ק	1	Arba … Anak	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	14	jp1i	figs-explicit	אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָ⁠עֲנָֽק	1	the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak	These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	15	14	q23k	translate-names	הָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י	1	Anak … Sheshai … Ahiman … Talmai	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	15	n52j		וַ⁠יַּ֣עַל מִ⁠שָּׁ֔ם אֶל	1	He went up from there against	Alternate translation: “He went up from there to fight against”
JOS	15	15	k99v	translate-names	דְּבִ֥ר…קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר	1	Debir … Kiriath Sepher	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	16	hs9c	translate-names	אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר	1	Kiriath Sepher	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	16	z82q	translate-names	אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה	1	Aksah	This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	17	kvc1	translate-names	עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל…קְנַ֖ז	1	Othniel … Kenaz	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	18	d6qf	figs-idiom	בְּ⁠בוֹאָ֗⁠הּ	1	Aksah came to Othniel	This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	15	18	ia6d	figs-quotations	וַ⁠תְּסִיתֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ לִ⁠שְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽ⁠אֵת־אָבִ֨י⁠הָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה	1	she urged him to ask her father for a field.	This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS	15	19	nun3		אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת	1	the upper springs and lower springs	The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
JOS	15	20	q76c	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah	The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	15	21	lgx2	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	33	tn8z	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:47](../15/47.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	46	dfe2		וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן	1	settlements	villages
JOS	15	47	hsx1	translate-names	נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם	1	brook of Egypt	a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	48	m88k	translate-names		1	General Information:	The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:63](../15/63.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	15	63	j68z		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS	16	intro	bpv3			0		# Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	16	1	b1k9	figs-explicit	לִ⁠בְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙	1	the tribe of Joseph	The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	16	2	g9td	translate-names	ל֑וּזָ⁠ה…עֲטָרֽוֹת	1	Luz … Ataroth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	2	zs9f	translate-names	הָ⁠אַרְכִּ֖י	1	Arkites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	3	w8gi	translate-names	הַ⁠יַּפְלֵטִ֗י	1	Japhletites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	3	id59	translate-names	בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן…גָּ֑זֶר	1	Lower Beth Horon … Gezer	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	4	u6fy		בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְ⁠אֶפְרָֽיִם	1	the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim	Alternate translation: “the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph”
JOS	16	4	r4qw	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּנְחֲל֥וּ	1	received their inheritance	The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	16	5	f2i9	figs-activepassive	גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑⁠ם	1	The territory of the tribe of Ephraim, clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The territory … that Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	16	5	m6lu	translate-names	עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן	1	Ataroth Addar … Upper Beth Horon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	6	vg46	translate-names	הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָת֙…תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה…יָנֽוֹחָ⁠ה	1	Mikmethath … Taanath Shiloh … Janoah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	7	uyw7	translate-names	מִ⁠יָּנ֖וֹחָ⁠ה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְ⁠נַעֲרָ֑תָ⁠ה	1	Janoah … Naarah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	8	at1t	translate-names	מִ⁠תַּפּ֜וּחַ…קָנָ֔ה	1	Tappuah … Kanah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	16	8	mb6i	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim	The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	16	8	ke41	figs-activepassive	לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	16	9	y6xs	figs-activepassive	וְ⁠הֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הַ⁠מִּבְדָּלוֹת֙	1	the cities that were chosen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	16	9	f1yc	figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה	1	within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh	The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	16	10	au8e		עַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה	1	to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS	16	10	fth4	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יְהִ֖י לְ⁠מַס־עֹבֵֽד	1	these people were made to do forced labor	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	intro	m3nk			0		# Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	17	1	j2sj	translate-names	לְ⁠מָכִיר֩	1	Makir	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	1	zuz5	figs-activepassive	וַֽ⁠יְהִי־ל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֥ד וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָֽׁן	1	Makir’s descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	2	al47	translate-names	אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר…חֵ֗לֶק…אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙…שֶׁ֔כֶם…חֵ֖פֶר…שְׁמִידָ֑ע	1	Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	2	us2l	figs-activepassive	וַ֠⁠יְהִי	1	Land was assigned … given to their clans	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	3	u2e9	translate-names	וְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ	1	Zelophehad … Hepher	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	3	k5z5	translate-names	מַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה	1	Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah	These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	4	x2q2	translate-names	אֶלְעָזָ֨ר	1	Eleazar	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	4	q55m	figs-metaphor	לָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה	1	to give to us an inheritance	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	17	4	s6fd		וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה	1	he gave those women an inheritance	Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
JOS	17	5	d1c3	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה	1	Ten parcels of land were assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	5	z7zr		חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה	1	Ten parcels	Alternate translation: “Ten portions”
JOS	17	6	d9gb	figs-metaphor	נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה	1	received an inheritance	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	17	6	qbx1	figs-activepassive	הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִ⁠בְנֵֽי	1	The land of Gilead was assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	7	jln6		אֶל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין	1	southward	toward the south
JOS	17	7	dfe9	translate-names	הַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּחַ	1	Mikmethath … Tappuah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	9	k7gp		הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩	1	The border	Alternate translation: “The border of Manasseh’s land”
JOS	17	9	l2af		נַ֨חַל	1	brook	a very small river
JOS	17	9	qvi8	translate-names	קָנָ֜ה	1	Kanah	name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	10	mi9b	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן	1	On the north side Asher can be reached	Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	17	10	fj36	figs-ellipsis	וּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח	1	to the east, Issachar	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS	17	11	s1sn	translate-names	בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת	1	Beth Shan … Ibleam … Dor … Endor … Taanach … Megiddo … Napheth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	14	b4j6	figs-explicit	בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף	1	the descendants of Joseph	This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	17	14	sk37	figs-rquestion	מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜⁠י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽ⁠אֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥⁠נִי יְהוָֽה	1	Why have you given us only one … Yahweh has blessed us?	The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	17	14	ju22	figs-doublet	גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד	1	one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	17	14	dg92		וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל	1	portion	part
JOS	17	14	p7z5		עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד	1	people great in number	Alternate translation: “many people”
JOS	17	15	d24l		אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙	1	If you are a people great in number	Alternate translation: “Since you are a people great in number”
JOS	17	15	psc4	translate-names	וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים	1	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	16	g788	translate-names	בְּ⁠בֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל	1	Beth Shan … Jezreel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	17	17	wa3y	figs-metonymy	בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף	1	the house of Joseph	Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	17	18	w4m4		וּ⁠בֵ֣רֵאת֔⁠וֹ	1	you will clear it	Alternate translation: “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
JOS	18	intro	j38i			0		# Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	18	1	fkg2	figs-events	וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶֽם	1	and they conquered the land	They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS	18	2	ynk6	figs-metaphor	אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם	1	whose inheritance had not been assigned	The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	18	3	bia9	figs-rquestion	עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם	1	How long will you put off … has given you?	Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	18	4	p7hg	figs-idiom	וְ⁠יִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ	1	the land up and down	The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	18	4	zry7		וְ⁠יִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ לְ⁠פִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם	1	write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances	This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
JOS	18	4	lh9w	figs-metaphor	נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם	1	their inheritances	The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	5	e13l			0	General Information:	Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS	18	5	dmy4		וְ⁠הִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ	1	They will divide it	Alternate translation: “They will divide the land”
JOS	18	5	y5gn		יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד	1	Judah will remain	Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah will remain”
JOS	18	5	d41l	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף	1	the house of Joseph	Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	18	7	v3qr			0	General Information:	Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS	18	7	e6s8		אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק	1	no portion	Alternate translation: “no portion of land”
JOS	18	7	kus7	figs-metaphor	כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑⁠וֹ	1	for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance	Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	7	eqg6		וַ⁠חֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה	1	the half tribe of Manasseh	Alternate translation: “half of the tribe of Manasseh”
JOS	18	7	cyc8	figs-metaphor	לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗⁠ם	1	have received their inheritance	The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	8	t1cr			0	General Information:	Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
JOS	18	8	p238	figs-idiom	וְ⁠הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ	1	up and down in the land	The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	18	10	pz3n	figs-activepassive	כְּ⁠מַחְלְקֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	to each was given his portion of the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	18	11	hd7v		בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּ⁠בֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף	1	between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph	Alternate translation: “between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph”
JOS	18	11	ib4f	figs-explicit	בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף	1	the descendants of Joseph	This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	18	12	ij99	translate-names	בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן	1	Beth Aven	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	13	hx15	translate-names	ל֨וּזָ⁠ה֙…בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל…עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר…לְ⁠בֵית־חֹר֖וֹן	1	Luz … Ataroth Addar … Beth Horon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	14	h4e6		הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩	1	The boundary	This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
JOS	18	14	eq7x	translate-names	קִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙…קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים	1	Kiriath Baal … Kiriath Jearim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	15	ulq2	translate-names	קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים…נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ	1	Kiriath Jearim … Ephron … Nephtoah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	16	br6t	translate-names	בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם…רְפָאִ֖ים…הִנֹּ֜ם…עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל	1	Ben Hinnom … Rephaim … Hinnom … En Rogel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	17	d8dt	translate-names	עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ…גְּלִיל֔וֹת…אֲדֻמִּ֑ים	1	En Shemesh … Geliloth … Adummim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	17	z2mh	translate-names	אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן	1	the Stone of Bohan	This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	18	g6td	figs-metaphor	כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה	1	the shoulder of Beth Arabah	Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	18	b98y	translate-names	מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה	1	Beth Arabah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	19	k48g	figs-metaphor	כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָ⁠ה֒	1	the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah	Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	19	xy3i	translate-names	בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮	1	Beth Hoglah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	20	ywb2	figs-metaphor	זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin	The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	18	20	pe6e	figs-activepassive	לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	it was given clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	18	21	i6af	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	24	jsu9		וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן	1	their villages	Alternate translation: “the villages around them”
JOS	18	25	nk7k	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	18	28	t3aa	figs-metaphor	זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן	1	This was the inheritance of Benjamin	The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	intro	j62l			0		# Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	19	1	s149		וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן	1	The second casting of lots fell to Simeon	Alternate translation: “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
JOS	19	1	gl7x	translate-ordinal	הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙	1	The second	number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	1	z9r9		לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם	1	clan by clan	Alternate translation: “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
JOS	19	1	u57y	figs-metaphor	וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה	1	Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	2	kg51	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	2	eu6h	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם	1	They had for their inheritance	The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	5	la4r	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	5	f4vb		וְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג	1	Ziklag	See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
JOS	19	8	uc1c	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon	The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	8	q586	figs-activepassive	לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	19	9	lep5	figs-activepassive	מֵ⁠חֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה	1	the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	19	9	p2ji		בְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽ⁠ם	1	the middle of their portion	Alternate translation: “the middle of Judah’s portion of land”
JOS	19	10	f5gu		וַ⁠יַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י	1	The third casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	19	10	s2j1	translate-ordinal	הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י	1	The third	number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	10	vde5	translate-names	שָׂרִֽיד	1	Sarid	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	11	v9gp	translate-names	וּ⁠מַרְעֲלָ֖ה…בְּ⁠דַבָּ֑שֶׁת…יָקְנְעָֽם	1	Maralah … Dabbesheth … Jokneam	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	11	gx7v		עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם	1	opposite Jokneam	Alternate translation: “across from Jokneam”
JOS	19	12	n9dc	translate-names	מִ⁠שָּׂרִ֗יד…כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר…הַ⁠דָּֽבְרַ֖ת…יָפִֽיעַ	1	Sarid … Kisloth Tabor … Daberath … Japhia	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	13	dqd5	translate-names	גִּתָּ֥⁠ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין…רִמּ֥וֹן…הַ⁠נֵּעָֽה	1	Gath Hepher … Eth Kazin … Rimmon … Neah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	14	ja4s	translate-names	חַנָּתֹ֑ן…יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל	1	Hannathon … Iphtah El	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	15	xk4u	translate-names	וְ⁠קַטָּ֤ת וְ⁠נַֽהֲלָל֙ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֔וֹן וְ⁠יִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם	1	Kattath … Nahalal … Shimron … Idalah … Bethlehem	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	15	yn5n	translate-names	וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם	1	Bethlehem	This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	16	a4ee	figs-metaphor	זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun	The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	17	fum5		יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י	1	The fourth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	19	17	l33x	translate-ordinal	הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י	1	The fourth	number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	18	qmg4	translate-names	וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְ⁠שׁוּנֵֽם	1	Chesulloth … Shunem	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	19	c3ti	translate-names	וַ⁠חֲפָרַ֥יִם וְ⁠שִׁיאֹ֖ן וַ⁠אֲנָחֲרַֽת	1	Hapharaim … Shion … Anaharath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	20	mft4	translate-names	וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֥ית וְ⁠קִשְׁי֖וֹן וָ⁠אָֽבֶץ	1	Rabbith … Kishion … Ebez	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	21	b1ex	translate-names	וְ⁠רֶ֧מֶת וְ⁠עֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ	1	Remeth … En Gannim … En Haddah … Beth Pazzez	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	22	hs7i	translate-names	בְּ⁠תָב֤וֹר	1	Tabor	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	22	ht1e	translate-names	ו⁠שחצומ⁠ה	1	Shahazumah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	23	yll2	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar	The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	24	lhr4		וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י	1	The fifth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	19	24	xa5a	translate-ordinal	הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י	1	The fifth	number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	25	prg9	translate-names	חֶלְקַ֥ת וַ⁠חֲלִ֖י וָ⁠בֶ֥טֶן וְ⁠אַכְשָֽׁף	1	Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	26	v6t4	translate-names	וְ⁠אַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְ⁠עַמְעָ֖ד וּ⁠מִשְׁאָ֑ל…וּ⁠בְ⁠שִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת	1	Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall … Shihor Libnath	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	27	pbh2	translate-names	בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒…וּ⁠בְ⁠גֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל…בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּ⁠נְעִיאֵ֑ל…כָּב֖וּל	1	Beth Dagon … Valley of Iphtah El … Beth Emek … Neiel … Kabul	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	28	ht1l	translate-names	וְ⁠עֶבְרֹ֥ן וּ⁠רְחֹ֖ב וְ⁠חַמּ֣וֹן וְ⁠קָנָ֑ה	1	Abdon … Rehob … Hammon … Kanah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	29	q8wz	translate-names	חֹסָ֔ה…אַכְזִֽיבָ⁠ה	1	Hosah … Akzib	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	30	y1g5	translate-names	וְ⁠עֻמָ֥ה וַ⁠אֲפֵ֖ק וּ⁠רְחֹ֑ב	1	Ummah … Aphek … Rehob	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	31	x4aq	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher	The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	32	jy7g		יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י	1	The sixth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	19	32	jjm6	translate-ordinal	הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י	1	The sixth	number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	33	syr4	translate-names	מֵ⁠חֵ֨לֶף…בְּ⁠צַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַ⁠אֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְ⁠יַבְנְאֵ֖ל…לַקּ֑וּם	1	Heleph … Zaanannim … Adami Nekeb … Jabneel … Lakkum	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	34	lu5s	translate-names	אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר…חוּקֹ֑קָ⁠ה	1	Aznoth Tabor … Hukkok	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	35	h8p6	translate-names	הַ⁠צִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְ⁠כִנָּֽרֶת	1	Ziddim … Zer … Hammath … Rakkath … Kinnereth	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	35	lq51		וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת	1	Hammath	This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
JOS	19	36	e379	translate-names	וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֥ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רָמָ֖ה וְ⁠חָצֽוֹר	1	Adamah … Ramah … Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	37	vez5	translate-names	וְ⁠קֶ֥דֶשׁ וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר	1	Kedesh … Edrei … En Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	38	jp9v	translate-names	וְ⁠יִרְאוֹן֙ וּ⁠מִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּ⁠בֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּ⁠בֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ	1	Yiron … Migdal El … Horem … Beth Anath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	39	s9en	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali	The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	40	q3a2		יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֥ל הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי	1	The seventh casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	19	40	b1tt	translate-ordinal	הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי	1	The seventh	number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS	19	41	d7it	figs-metaphor	גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם	1	The territory of its inheritance	The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	41	b8bg	translate-names	צָרְעָ֥ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְ⁠עִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ	1	Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	42	q637	translate-names	וְ⁠שַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְ⁠אַיָּל֖וֹן וְ⁠יִתְלָֽה	1	Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	43	sht1	translate-names	וְ⁠אֵיל֥וֹן וְ⁠תִמְנָ֖תָ⁠ה וְ⁠עֶקְרֽוֹן	1	Elon, Timnah, Ekron	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	44	gca7	translate-names	וְ⁠אֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְ⁠גִבְּת֖וֹן וּ⁠בַעֲלָֽת	1	Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	45	yan4	translate-names	וִ⁠יהֻ֥ד וּ⁠בְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְ⁠גַת־רִמּֽוֹן	1	Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	46	ddh6	translate-names	וּ⁠מֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַקּ֑וֹן	1	Me Jarkon … Rakkon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	46	w42c		מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ	1	across from Joppa	Alternate translation: “opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
JOS	19	47	i8zh	translate-names	לֶ֜שֶׁם	1	Leshem	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	48	cx9h	figs-metaphor	זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן	1	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan	The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	49	jzi6	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם	1	gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun	The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	19	50	ac8r	translate-names	אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח	1	Timnath Serah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	19	51	cs47	figs-metaphor	אֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠נְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ	1	These are the inheritances … assigned	The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	20	intro	vg5f			0		# Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
JOS	20	2	qhs6	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה	1	by the hand of Moses	Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	20	3	a1vg		מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה	1	unintentionally kills	This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
JOS	20	3	h73b	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠גֹּאֵ֖ל הַ⁠דָּֽם	1	avenge the blood of a person who was killed	Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	20	4	u2dh		וְ⁠נָ֞ס	1	He will run	Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS	20	4	p1sg		וְ⁠דִבֶּ֛ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָ⁠עִֽיר הַ⁠הִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י⁠ו	1	explain his case to the elders of that city	“convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
JOS	20	4	dhh4		וְ⁠אָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ	1	Then they will take him	The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS	20	4	k969		וְ⁠יָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽ⁠ם	1	live among them	This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
JOS	20	5	x945	figs-metonymy	גֹּאֵ֤ל הַ⁠דָּם֙	1	avenge the blood of the person who was killed	Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	20	5	u27s		בִ⁠בְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ	1	killed his neighbor unintentionally	accidentally killed his neighbor
JOS	20	6	c6fe		עָמְד֞⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠עֵדָה֙	1	stood before the assembly	This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
JOS	20	7	lyr5	translate-names		0	General Information:	There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	20	8	cy8e		לְ⁠יַרְדֵּ֤ן	1	the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	20	9	b89x	figs-idiom	וְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּ⁠יַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם	1	would not die by the hand of the one	Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	20	9	j61z	figs-metonymy	גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם	1	avenge the blood that was shed	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	intro	pp5c			0		# Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS	21	1	js4y	translate-names	אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן	1	Eleazar … Nun	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	2	wk1t		וַ⁠יְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֜ם	1	They said to them	Alternate translation: “The Levites said to them”
JOS	21	2	wk1m	figs-idiom	יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1	Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	21	3	f9ei		אֶת־הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים	1	following cities	This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
JOS	21	4	r4ry		וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל	1	casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	21	4	fl2y	translate-names	הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י	1	Kohathites	This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	5	iwh3		וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲצִ֨י	1	half tribe	Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
JOS	21	6	bk5g	translate-names	גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן	1	Gershon	Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	6	ezu2		בַּ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל	1	casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	21	7	cg61	translate-names	מְרָרִ֜י	1	Merari	Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	8	qe5y	figs-metonymy	צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה	1	Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	21	10	t6l2	translate-names	מִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֖י	1	clans of the Kohathites	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	10	tnp1		הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל	1	casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	21	11	vkd2	writing-background	אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק	1	Arba had been the father of Anak	This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS	21	11	mn2g	translate-names	הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק	1	Anak	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	11	vd7d		בְּ⁠הַ֣ר	1	hill country	An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
JOS	21	11	kwe7		מִגְרָשֶׁ֖⁠הָ	1	pasturelands	An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
JOS	21	12	aj9s		שְׂדֵ֥ה הָ⁠עִ֖יר	1	fields of the city	Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
JOS	21	12	uz84		חֲצֵרֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	villages	Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
JOS	21	13	p1nr	translate-names	לִבְנָ֖ה	1	Libnah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	14	q8gl	translate-names	יַתִּר֙…אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ	1	Jattir … Eshtemoa	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	15	cb4t	translate-names	חֹלֹן֙…דְּבִ֖ר	1	Holon … Debir	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	16	bx8i	translate-names	עַ֣יִן…יֻטָּה֙	1	Ain … Juttah	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	17	e8r4	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן	1	From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	17	fd6z	translate-names	אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע	1	Geba	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	18	sk7n	translate-names	אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙…עַלְמ֖וֹן	1	Anathoth … Almon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	19	ha9f	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים	1	thirteen cities	“13 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	20	lfp9	translate-names	וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙	1	the Kohathite clans	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	20	x8eu	figs-activepassive	וַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם	1	they had cities given to them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	20	tg75		גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם	1	casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	21	21	kz7k	translate-names	גֶּ֖זֶר	1	Gezer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	22	tv2m	translate-names	קִבְצַ֨יִם֙…בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן	1	Kibzaim … Beth Horon	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	22	r4hl	translate-numbers	עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע	1	four cities in all	This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	23	dw9x	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן	1	From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	23	r7qr	translate-names	אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א…גִּבְּת֖וֹן	1	Eltekeh … Gibbethon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	24	g45w	translate-names	אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙…אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן	1	Aijalon … Gath Rimmon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	24	g4ma	translate-numbers	עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע	1	four cities	This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	25	e6cl	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙	1	From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	25	yn8h	translate-names	אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙…גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן	1	Taanach … Gath Rimmon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	26	hn9j	translate-names	לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת	1	clans of the Kohathites	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	27	knk6	translate-names	אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן…אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה	1	Golan … Be Eshterah	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	27	bmc9		הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ	1	killed another unintentionally	This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
JOS	21	27	a1zs	translate-numbers	עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם	1	two cities	number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	28	r9hc	translate-names	אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן…אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת	1	Kishion … Daberath	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	29	u8z9	translate-names	אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙…עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים	1	Jarmuth … En Gannim	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	30	rbf6	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל	1	From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	30	px1s	translate-names	אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל…אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ	1	Mishal … Abdon	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	31	ziw8	translate-names	אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙…רְחֹ֖ב	1	Helkath … Rehob	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	32	h2j8	translate-names	חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙…קַרְתָּ֖ן	1	Hammoth Dor … Kartan	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	33	c7dt	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר	1	thirteen cities in all	“13 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	34	yuv3	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֣ם הַ⁠נּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵ⁠אֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם	1	To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	34	ws8g	translate-names	מְרָרִי֮	1	Merari	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	34	ng32	translate-names	אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם…אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה	1	Jokneam … Kartah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	35	ek4f	translate-names	אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙…אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל	1	Dimnah … Nahalal	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	36	dh5c	translate-names	אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר…וְ⁠אֶת־יַ֖הְצָ⁠ה	1	Bezer … Jahaz	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	37	jbp6	translate-numbers	עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע	1	four cities	This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	37	e538	translate-names	אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙…מֵיפָ֖עַת	1	Kedemoth … Mephaath	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	38	r7m5	translate-names	אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת…מַחֲנַ֖יִם	1	Ramoth … Mahanaim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	39	a2l1	translate-names	אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙…אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר	1	Heshbon … Jazer	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	21	40	x17x	translate-numbers	עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה	1	twelve cities in all	“12 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	40	q83e	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה	1	twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	40	at28		גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם	1	casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS	21	41	g7z1	figs-activepassive	כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS	21	41	z9gj	translate-numbers	עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה	1	forty-eight cities	“48 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	21	43	q5na		נִשְׁבַּ֖ע	1	he swore	Alternate translation: “he gave an oath”
JOS	21	44	t1a4	figs-litotes	וְ⁠לֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם	1	Not one of their enemies could defeat them	This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	21	44	lg6d	figs-metonymy	אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדָֽ⁠ם	1	gave all their enemies into their hand	Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	21	45	u1ik	figs-litotes	לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠טּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1	Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true	This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	22	intro	l4hr			0		# Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
JOS	22	1	ic3e	translate-names	לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י	1	Reubenites	people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	1	w3xd	translate-names	וְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י	1	Gadites	people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	2	x8l8	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠תִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְ⁠קוֹלִ֔⁠י	1	obeyed my voice	Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	22	3	a89l	figs-litotes	לֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵי⁠כֶ֗ם	1	You have not deserted your brothers	This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “You have remained with your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	22	5	zh9u	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֧כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָ֛י⁠ו	1	to walk in all his ways	A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. Alternate translation: “to obey everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	22	5	r5dh	figs-synecdoche	בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶֽם	1	with all your heart and with all your soul	The terms “heart” and “soul” are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: “with all you think and feel” or “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS	22	7	k89d		הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן	1	the Jordan	This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	22	8	w4re		וּ⁠בְ⁠בַרְזֶ֛ל	1	iron	a strong, hard, magnetic metal
JOS	22	8	k79c		שְׁלַל	1	plunder	The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered.
JOS	22	9	cmc4	figs-idiom	פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה	1	the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	22	10	iy3p		הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	1	the Jordan	This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	22	11	ww1z	figs-metaphor	אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן	1	at the front of the land of Canaan	The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	22	11	yqa5	translate-names	גְּלִילוֹת֙	1	Geliloth	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	12	v3q5		לַ⁠צָּבָֽא	1	war	a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
JOS	22	13	t232	translate-names	אֶלְעָזָ֥ר	1	Eleazar	name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	16	sy2y		כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה	1	The whole assembly of Yahweh says this	All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking”
JOS	22	17	lcv2	figs-rquestion	הַ⁠מְעַט־לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה	1	Was our sin at Peor not enough for us?	This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	22	17	b18v	translate-names	פְּע֔וֹר	1	Peor	This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	17	ie2t	figs-litotes	אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ	1	we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS	22	20	kyw7	translate-names	עָכָ֣ן…זֶ֗רַח	1	Achan … Zerah	names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	22	20	v3qy	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֣וֹא׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֨עַל֙ בַּ⁠חֵ֔רֶם	1	Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel?	These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	22	22	x5pm	figs-hypo	אִם־בְּ⁠מֶ֤רֶד וְ⁠אִם־בְּ⁠מַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖⁠נוּ הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	If it was in rebellion … on this day	The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	23	sku4	figs-hypo	לִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָ⁠שׁ֖וּב מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠אִם־לְ⁠הַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜י⁠ו עוֹלָ֣ה וּ⁠מִנְחָ֗ה וְ⁠אִם־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָי⁠ו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ	1	If we built … let Yahweh make us pay for it	The three tribes are making a  hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	24	cei9			0	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS	22	24	xpn5	figs-hypo	יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לְ⁠בָנֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1	your children might say to our children … God of Israel?	This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	24	qr6z	figs-rquestion	מַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1	What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel?	The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS	22	25	qfc4			0	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
JOS	22	25	w2sv	figs-hypo	וּ⁠גְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה	1	For Yahweh has made the Jordan … nothing to do with Yahweh	This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	25	w3az		אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	1	the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	22	25	iy97	figs-hypo	 וְ⁠הִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵי⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔י⁠נוּ לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה	1	So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh	The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	26	ueg6			0	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS	22	27	m97u	figs-metaphor	עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֗ם	1	to be a witness between us and you	The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	22	27	gs6k	figs-hypo	וְ⁠לֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְ⁠בָנֵ֔י⁠נוּ אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּ⁠יהוָֽה	1	so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, “You have no share in Yahweh.”	This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	27	n3i9		אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק	1	no share	Alternate translation: “no portion” or “no inheritance”
JOS	22	28	bf3h			0	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer.
JOS	22	28	kuu5	figs-hypo	וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛י⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מָחָ֑ר וְ⁠אָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗י⁠נוּ לֹ֤א לְ⁠עוֹלָה֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לְ⁠זֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם	1	If this should be said … a witness between us and you.”	The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS	22	29	b4w1	figs-idiom	חָלִילָ⁠ה֩ לָּ֨⁠נוּ מִמֶּ֜⁠נּוּ לִ⁠מְרֹ֣ד	1	May it be far from us that we should rebel	The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: “We would certainly not rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	22	29	i8y4	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠לָ⁠שׁ֤וּב הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה	1	turn away from following him	To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: “stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	22	30	ysf8		וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֞ע…אֶת־הַ֨⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים	1	heard the words	Alternate translation: “heard the message”
JOS	22	30	i3xp	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶֽם	1	was good in their eyes	Here “in their eyes” means “in their opinion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	22	31	ab6h		לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מַּ֣עַל הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה	1	committed this breach of faith against him	Alternate translation: “broken your promise to him”
JOS	22	31	w1fn	figs-metonymy	הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠יַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה	1	you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh	Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: “you have kept Yahweh from punishing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	22	33	pn48	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּיטַ֣ב הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר בְּ⁠עֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	Their report was good in the eyes of the people	Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	22	33	h5hk		לְ⁠שַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ	1	destroy the land	Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land”
JOS	22	34	xf56	figs-metaphor	עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔י⁠נוּ	1	It is a witness between us	The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	intro	v3r6			0		# Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods.  (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
JOS	23	2	vyz9	figs-doublet	זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּ⁠יָּמִֽים	1	old and well advanced in years	This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	23	4	t22f		הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן	1	the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	23	4	bf99		מְב֥וֹא הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	1	in the west	This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
JOS	23	6	w84i	figs-metaphor	לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול	1	turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left	Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	7	mc72		לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה	1	you may not mix	Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
JOS	23	7	vkw6		תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙	1	mention	to speak of
JOS	23	7	wbj7		אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֤ם	1	their gods	This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
JOS	23	8	k6my	figs-metaphor	בַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ	1	cling to Yahweh	“hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	8	q6qx		עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	to this day	Alternate translation: “until the present time”
JOS	23	9	wf3v	figs-metonymy	לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1	to stand before you	Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	23	10	iar1		אֶחָ֥ד	1	single	only one
JOS	23	10	lx1z	translate-numbers	אָ֑לֶף	1	a thousand	“1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	23	12	i2mf	figs-metaphor	וּ⁠דְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּ⁠יֶ֨תֶר֙ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה	1	cling to the survivors of these nations	Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: “accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	13	pdx3	figs-doublet	לְ⁠פַ֣ח וּ⁠לְ⁠מוֹקֵ֗שׁ	1	a snare and a trap	The words “snare” and “trap” mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	13	ut82	figs-metaphor	וּ⁠לְ⁠שֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּ⁠צִדֵּי⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠לִ⁠צְנִנִ֣ים בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1	whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes	These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	23	14	ba62	figs-euphemism	אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם בְּ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	I am going the way of all the earth	Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: “I am going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS	23	14	x3c7	figs-doublet	וִ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֣ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶ֗ם	1	know with all your hearts and souls	Here the words “hearts” and “souls” have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS	23	14	vtt2	figs-doublenegatives	לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד	1	not one word has failed to come true	These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	23	16	xwa3	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠עֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָ⁠הֶ֑ם	1	worship other gods and bow down to them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS	23	16	wz7d	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠חָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּ⁠כֶ֔ם	1	the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you	“Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	24	intro	yqa8			0		# Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.
JOS	24	1	e4nq	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1	Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel	Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	24	1	c7pt		וַ⁠יִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י	1	presented themselves before	Alternate translation: “came and stood in front of” or “came before”
JOS	24	2	tn5x		מֵֽ⁠עוֹלָ֔ם	1	long ago	Alternate translation: “many years ago”
JOS	24	2	y8s6		כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר	1	This is what	Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
JOS	24	2	uke1	translate-names	תֶּ֛רַח…נָח֑וֹר	1	Terah … Nahor	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	24	3	h2vy			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	4	z8e8	translate-names	שֵׂעִיר֙	1	Seir	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	24	4	azj7		יָרְד֥וּ	1	went down	Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
JOS	24	5	hrk4			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	5	shc6	figs-you	הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם	1	brought you out	The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	6	uxu8	figs-you	וָֽ⁠אוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶם֙	1	brought your ancestors out	The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	7	w52l			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	7	t8kg	figs-you	וַ⁠יִּצְעֲק֣וּ…בֵּינֵי⁠כֶ֣ם	1	your ancestors … you	Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	7	rv8q		אֶת־הַ⁠יָּם֙	1	the sea	This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
JOS	24	7	gqs1		בַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֖ר	1	in the wilderness	an uninhabited area, a desert
JOS	24	8	jpf2			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	8	xwk4	figs-you	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם	1	you	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	8	ew9g		הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן	1	the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	24	8	wu3t	figs-metonymy	וָ⁠אֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤⁠ם בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶם֙	1	gave them into your hand	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	24	9	wi7h			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	9	eb7h	translate-names	בָּלָ֤ק…צִפּוֹר֙	1	Balak … Zippor	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	24	9	l9gd	figs-you	אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם	1	you	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	10	jr3f	figs-metonymy	וָ⁠אַצִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠יָּדֽ	1	rescued you out of his hand	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	24	11	wlg7			0	General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	11	b324	figs-you	וַ⁠תַּעַבְר֣וּ	1	You	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	11	jx4u		אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֮	1	the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS	24	12	d1wr		אֶת־הַ⁠צִּרְעָ֔ה	1	the hornet	A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.
JOS	24	13	qv5z			0	General Information:	Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS	24	15	gei6	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם	1	If it seems wrong in your eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: “If you do not want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	24	15	bff7	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י	1	my house	This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	24	17	uf71	figs-pronouns	אֹתָ֧⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛י⁠נוּ	1	us and our ancestors … we	The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words “us” and “we” with “our ancestors.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS	24	17	n1g2	figs-idiom	מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים	1	house of slavery	Here “house” is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: “place where we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	24	17	v2lc		הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ	1	nations through whom we passed	Alternate translation: “nations that we passed through”
JOS	24	19	in4p		הָ⁠עָ֗ם	1	people	This refers to the Israelites.
JOS	24	19	di8z		אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא	1	he is a jealous God	God wants his people to worship only him.
JOS	24	20	l4yi	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠שָׁ֨ב…וְ⁠כִלָּ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם	1	He will consume you	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “He will destroy you as with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	24	21	mt8s		הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	people	This refers to the Israelites.
JOS	24	23	h48g	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה	1	turn your heart to Yahweh	Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here “heart” represents the whole person. In this case, “heart” is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since “your” is plural. Alternate translation: “turn yourselves to Yahweh” or “decide to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS	24	24	ut8c		הָ⁠עָ֖ם	1	people	This refers to the Israelites.
JOS	24	24	yq9g	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בְ⁠קוֹל֖⁠וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע	1	We will listen to his voice	Here “listen” means to obey. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything he tells us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS	24	25	g8by	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛⁠וֹ חֹ֥ק וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֖ט	1	He put in place decrees and laws	Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: “He established decrees and laws” or “He gave them laws and decrees to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS	24	26	n7ac		בְּ⁠סֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים	1	the Book of the law of God	This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses.
JOS	24	26	ct9g		וַ⁠יְקִימֶ֣⁠הָ שָּׁ֔ם	1	set it up there	Alternate translation: “placed it there”
JOS	24	27	u7ad		הָ⁠עָ֗ם	1	people	This refers to the Israelites.
JOS	24	27	mkt9	figs-personification	הָ⁠אֶ֤בֶן הַ⁠זֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣⁠נוּ לְ⁠עֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י	1	this stone will be a testimony … It has heard all the words	The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS	24	27	h23i		פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּ⁠ן	1	should you ever	Alternate translation: “if you ever”
JOS	24	29	e9uy	translate-numbers	בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָ⁠עֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים	1	110 years old	“one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	24	30	iyt3	translate-names	בְּ⁠תִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח…לְ⁠הַר־גָּֽעַשׁ	1	Timnath Serah … Mount Gaash	names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	24	31	gf2q	figs-idiom	כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ	1	all of Joshua’s days	This is an idiom that refers to Joshua’s entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS	24	31	r7xz		הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ	1	outlived Joshua	Alternate translation: “lived longer than Joshua”
JOS	24	32	a3ik		עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף…קָבְר֣וּ בִ⁠שְׁכֶם֒	1	The bones of Joseph … they buried them at Shechem,	It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem”
JOS	24	32	ve2g	translate-numbers	בְּ⁠מֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה	1	one hundred pieces	“100 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS	24	33	ur16	translate-names	וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֥ר	1	Eleazar	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS	24	33	rv7j	translate-names	בְּ⁠גִבְעַת֙	1	Gibeah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])