Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
ZEC front intro yx6e 0 # Introduction to Zechariah
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of the Book of Zechariah
1. Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6)
1. The eight night visions (1:7-6:8)
* Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:7–17)
* Four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21)
* The measuring line (2:1–13)
* The priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10)
* The golden lampstand olive trees (4:1–14)
* The flying scroll (5:1–4)
* The woman in a basket (5:5–11)
* Four chariots (6:1–8)
1. A crown for the high priest (6:9–15)
1. Questions about fasting (7:1–8:23)
1. Yahweh judges the nations and saves his people (9:1–11:17)
1. Final message (12:1-14:21)
* Yahweh will finally defeat Israel’s enemies (12:1-9)
* Israel mourns for the one they pierced (12:10-14)
* Yahweh purifies Israel and removes false prophets (13:1-6)
* Yahweh comes as king (14:1–21)
### What is the Book of Zechariah about?
Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
This book traditionally has been titled “Zechariah” or “The Book of Zechariah.” Translators may decide to call it the “The Book About Zechariah” or “The Sayings of Zechariah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah?
The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai?
Zechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?
The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term “Israel” to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel.
### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah?
Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
### What does the phrase “that day” mean?
Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referring to a future “day,” the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
ZEC 1 intro qki3 0 # Zechariah 1 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah’s vision given by the Lord.
Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Visions
This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Date
Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah’s prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
ZEC 1 1 if96 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the eighth month This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 1 1 fpf6 translate-ordinal 0 the second year of Darius’ reign “the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 1 1 qr9f figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 1 e6fd 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
ZEC 1 1 ge9j translate-names 0 Berechiah … Iddo These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 1 2 huv9 0 exceedingly angry with your fathers Alternate translation: “very angry with your forefathers”
ZEC 1 3 wv9b figs-metaphor 0 Turn to me … and I will return to you Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 3 ymr9 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 1 4 le2q figs-metaphor 0 Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 1 4 g1te figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 1 5 tk3p figs-rquestion 0 Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever? These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh’s message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 1 6 b2ai figs-rquestion 0 But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people’s ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh’s commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 1 6 p786 figs-doublet 0 my words and my decrees These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh’s message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 1 6 pc8u figs-doublet 0 our ways and actions The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 1 7 kav5 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat “Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 1 7 epb7 translate-ordinal 0 in the second year of Darius’ reign “in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 1 7 al5n figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 7 li5w translate-names 0 Berechiah … Iddo These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 1 8 rsm4 0 look The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
ZEC 1 8 fg97 translate-unknown 0 myrtle trees a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ZEC 1 9 rb9l 0 I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
ZEC 1 9 l5k2 0 What are these things, Lord? “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 10 paz1 figs-explicit 0 to roam throughout the earth It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered … they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 12 hd8w figs-metonymy 0 to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 1 13 ea77 0 with good words, words of comfort Alternate translation: “with good, comforting words”
ZEC 1 14 z627 0 I have been jealous for Jerusalem Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people.
ZEC 1 15 z4b6 figs-idiom 0 I am very angry with the nations that are at ease The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
ZEC 1 17 c5zg figs-metonymy 0 My cities will once again overflow with goodness The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 17 e1cn figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh will again comfort Zion Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 1 18 fb8w figs-synecdoche 0 I lifted up my eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 1 19 p1kh writing-symlanguage 0 These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 1 20 a61d 0 four craftsmen Alternate translation: “blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
ZEC 1 21 y3z5 0 these people This refers to the four craftsmen.
ZEC 1 21 k412 writing-symlanguage 0 These are the horns that scattered Judah The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 1 21 zd7p figs-metaphor 0 so that no man would lift up his head The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 21 gm5d figs-metaphor 0 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 1 21 q7u9 0 to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn Alternate translation: “to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
ZEC 2 intro j9a8 0 # Zechariah 2 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.
Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Visions
This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### “This is Yahweh’s declaration”
This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
ZEC 2 1 u35h figs-synecdoche 0 I lifted up my eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 2 1 dn7b 0 measuring line a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
ZEC 2 2 eb3u 0 So he said to me Alternate translation: “So the man with the measuring line said to me”
ZEC 2 3 he2k writing-participants 0 another angel went out to meet him This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ZEC 2 4 ty6u 0 The second angel said to him Alternate translation: “The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me”
ZEC 2 4 mt9q figs-explicit 0 Jerusalem will sit in the open country … beasts within her The phrase “will sit in the open country” translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will not have walls around it … beasts within the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 2 5 ync4 figs-metaphor 0 I … will become for her a wall of fire around her People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: “I … will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 2 5 e11h figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 2 6 c7zp figs-doublet 0 Up! Up! These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: “Run! Run!” or “Hurry! Hurry!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 2 7 nj7k figs-metaphor 0 you who live with the daughter of Babylon The phrase “daughter of Babylon” refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: “you who live in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 2 8 qki8 0 General Information: Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.
ZEC 2 8 uv6h figs-explicit 0 for whoever touches you The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 2 9 w4b5 translate-symaction 0 I myself will shake my hand over them Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ZEC 2 9 q7li 0 they will be plunder for their slaves The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 2 10 ph8u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 2 11 h8g4 figs-metaphor 0 great nations will join themselves to Yahweh Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 2 11 glg2 0 in that day Alternate translation: “at that time”
ZEC 2 11 bu8a 0 I will encamp in the midst of you Alternate translation: “I will live among you”
ZEC 2 12 e1sr figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 2 13 f45h figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 2 13 p2lb figs-metaphor 0 he has been roused Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 2 13 dh6y figs-explicit 0 from out of his holy place Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 intro gw6m 0 # Zechariah 3 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
## Difficult concepts in this chapter
### Visions
It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### The high priest
This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
ZEC 3 1 l2ct 0 General Information: Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
ZEC 3 1 lm1x 0 Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin Alternate translation: “Satan was standing at Joshua’s right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin”
ZEC 3 2 p64g figs-rquestion 0 Is this not a brand pulled from the fire? The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 3 2 il5p figs-metaphor 0 a brand pulled from the fire A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 3 3 d4s4 writing-symlanguage 0 Joshua was dressed in filthy garments In this vision “filthy garments” are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 3 4 l7ds 0 those who stood before him The word “him” refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present.
ZEC 3 4 g4d4 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
ZEC 3 4 k9lt figs-idiom 0 I have caused your iniquity to pass from you Since Joshua’s garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua’s iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua’s iniquity. Alternate translation: “I have removed your iniquity from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 3 4 uh7k writing-symlanguage 0 dress you in fine clothing Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 3 5 d1b9 0 Let them put Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
ZEC 3 5 d26a 0 turban a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
ZEC 3 6 v18s 0 solemnly commanded Joshua Alternate translation: “commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
ZEC 3 7 l5ba figs-parallelism 0 If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 3 7 x34k figs-metonymy 0 you will govern my house and guard my courts Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 3 7 mwk3 figs-idiom 0 to go and come among these who stand before me The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 8 jym9 figs-explicit 0 your companions who live with you This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 3 8 hp4q 0 For these men are a sign Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
ZEC 3 8 v7at figs-metaphor 0 my servant the Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 3 9 m5hy 0 the stone that I have set before Joshua Here the word “stone” likely refers to a precious stone or jewel.
ZEC 3 9 i5c3 figs-metaphor 0 There are seven eyes on this single stone The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: “There are seven sides on this single stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 3 9 l4bw 0 engrave Alternate translation: “carve”
ZEC 3 9 i5q1 figs-metonymy 0 I will remove the sin from this land in one day Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 3 10 a257 figs-explicit 0 each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: “because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 intro if68 0 # Zechariah 4 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Visions
This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
ZEC 4 1 g1iy figs-simile 0 roused me like a man roused from his sleep Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: “caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 4 2 nj7i 0 lamp wicks the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire
ZEC 4 3 n5h3 figs-ellipsis 0 the left side The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the left side of the bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEC 4 5 d96u figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 6 gn9k 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
ZEC 4 6 y1pw figs-explicit 0 Not by might nor by power Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 4 7 abe2 figs-metaphor 0 What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 7 k6l1 figs-explicit 0 he will bring out the top stone The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 8 j4n7 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
ZEC 4 8 lpf1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 4 9 z7ve figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of Zerubbabel have laid … his hands will bring it to completion Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid … he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 4 9 gn3u figs-metonymy 0 the foundation of this house The word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the foundation of this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 4 10 w6q1 figs-rquestion 0 Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have “despised the day of small things.” It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 10 a9tc figs-explicit 0 the day of small things “the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 4 10 t9lp 0 plumb stone This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
ZEC 4 10 ym4q 0 These seven lamps This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md).
ZEC 4 10 xm5j writing-symlanguage 0 These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 4 11 ac36 0 these two olive trees This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md).
ZEC 4 12 t7zp 0 What are these two olive branches Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
ZEC 4 12 brf2 0 the two gold pipes These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah’s vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
ZEC 4 12 mv5r 0 golden oil Here “golden” refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold.
ZEC 4 13 anh7 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these are? The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 4 14 rx28 writing-symlanguage 0 These are the sons of fresh olive oil The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 4 14 j7gl figs-idiom 0 the sons of fresh olive oil This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: “the anointed men” or “the men whom Yahweh has appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 4 14 a6x2 figs-idiom 0 who stand before the Lord The idiom “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: “who serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 5 intro x2ef 0 # Zechariah 5 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])
ZEC 5 1 xqx2 0 Then I turned The word “I” refers to Zechariah.
ZEC 5 1 gf8m figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 1 ynu9 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
ZEC 5 2 gh1w translate-bdistance 0 twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
ZEC 5 3 lv5p figs-metonymy 0 This is the curse The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 5 3 mys3 figs-idiom 0 that goes out over the surface of the whole land The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 5 3 iha6 figs-metaphor 0 every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 3 pu8h 0 what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
ZEC 5 4 jt2j 0 I will send it out Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
ZEC 5 4 alf7 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 5 4 y2v5 figs-metaphor 0 consume its timber and stones The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 5 j4s3 figs-synecdoche 0 Raise your eyes The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 6 mb23 translate-bvolume 0 This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 5 6 bcy6 writing-symlanguage 0 This is their iniquity in the whole land The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 5 7 un6a figs-activepassive 0 a lead covering was lifted off the basket If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 7 nn4h 0 there was a woman under it sitting in it Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
ZEC 5 8 xg5w writing-symlanguage 0 This is Wickedness The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 5 8 glc2 0 He threw her … he threw the lead cover “He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
ZEC 5 9 zcp4 figs-synecdoche 0 I lifted my eyes Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 5 9 mt2r figs-idiom 0 wind was in their wings This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 5 9 gde6 0 they had wings like a stork’s wings A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
ZEC 5 9 xf59 figs-merism 0 They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 5 11 dyi3 figs-ellipsis 0 To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEC 5 11 un6q figs-activepassive 0 the basket will be set there If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 5 11 gtm8 0 on its prepared base The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
ZEC 6 intro z96r 0 # Zechariah 6 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Crown
The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
### Meaning of the visions
The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
ZEC 6 1 wvi1 figs-synecdoche 0 lifted my eyes Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 6 1 zj81 0 between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
ZEC 6 2 tw1y figs-explicit 0 The first chariot had red horses It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 6 5 j43m writing-symlanguage 0 These are the four winds of heaven The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: “These chariots represent the four winds of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 6 5 cai5 0 the four winds of heaven This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean “four spirits.”
ZEC 6 5 u5ms figs-idiom 0 standing before the Lord of all the earth The idiom to “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). Alternate translation: “serving the Lord of all the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 6 6 v88q 0 the white horses are going out to the west country Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean “the white horses are going out after them,” that is, following the black horses to the north country.
ZEC 6 6 g5r6 figs-metonymy 0 the white horses are … the spotted gray horses are Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 6 8 ny4a 0 he called out to me Alternate translation: “the angel called out to me”
ZEC 6 8 n3x1 0 Look at the ones Alternate translation: “Look at the black horses”
ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 6 9 jej6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 6 10 fez9 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 10 m87p 0 this same day Alternate translation: “today”
ZEC 6 11 f66i translate-names 0 Jehozadak This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 11 x4hk 0 take the silver and gold, make a crown Alternate translation: “make a crown with the silver and gold”
ZEC 6 12 wn66 0 Speak to him and say Alternate translation: “Speak to Joshua and say”
ZEC 6 12 ihw2 figs-metaphor 0 his name is Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
ZEC 6 15 e6jp figs-explicit 0 those who are far off This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 6 15 u2bz figs-you 0 so you will know The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ZEC 6 15 zqz3 figs-metonymy 0 truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 7 intro meb2 0 # Zechariah 7 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.
Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Fasting
This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
ZEC 7 1 v1rz translate-ordinal 0 on the fourth day “on day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 7 1 vut4 translate-hebrewmonths 0 Kislev (which was the ninth month) “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 7 1 t9mu figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 7 2 sb2z translate-names 0 Sharezer and Regem-Melek These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 7 2 y9hy 0 beg Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
ZEC 7 2 b1wi figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 7 3 kg2p 0 They spoke … they said The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
ZEC 7 3 ty6c translate-ordinal 0 Should I mourn in the fifth month “Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 7 3 i8ej 0 by means of a fast Alternate translation: “by fasting”
ZEC 7 4 g84y figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 7 5 wdh2 translate-ordinal 0 in the fifth and in the seventh month “in months 5 and 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 7 5 v5v5 figs-ellipsis 0 in the fifth The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEC 7 5 tfh8 figs-explicit 0 in the seventh month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 7 5 d7zd figs-explicit 0 for these seventy years The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ZEC 7 5 n3dw figs-rquestion 0 were you truly fasting for me? This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
ZEC 7 6 ax5v figs-rquestion 0 did you not eat and drink for yourselves? This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 7 qy27 figs-rquestion 0 Were these not the same words … to the west? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words … to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ZEC 7 7 dqw4 figs-metonymy 0 by the mouth of the former prophets Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 7 7 n812 0 you still inhabited Jerusalem Alternate translation: “you still lived in Jerusalem”
ZEC 7 7 vp7q 0 foothills hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
ZEC 7 8 jsk3 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 7 9 v17g figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 7 9 k9pm 0 Let each man do this The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
ZEC 7 10 b2r9 0 widow a woman whose husband has died
ZEC 7 10 za7v 0 orphan a child whose parents have died
ZEC 7 10 ht31 0 foreigner someone who travels from his own land to a different land
ZEC 7 10 jdb5 figs-metonymy 0 let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 7 11 l8vz figs-metaphor 0 set their shoulders stubbornly This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 7 11 if1l figs-metaphor 0 They stopped up their ears so they would not hear This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 7 12 ieh1 figs-simile 0 They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 7 12 j76s 0 in earlier times Alternate translation: “in the past”
ZEC 7 12 z4q7 figs-metonymy 0 by the mouth of the prophets Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 7 14 hga8 figs-metaphor 0 I will scatter them with a whirlwind Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 7 14 x4q6 0 whirlwind a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
ZEC 7 14 c1xg 0 delightful land Alternate translation: “pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
ZEC 8 intro uri7 0 # Zechariah 8 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
ZEC 8 1 eh47 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 2 rx8t 0 I am passionate for Zion Alternate translation: “I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
ZEC 8 2 vc1c figs-metonymy 0 for Zion Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 2 w6qx figs-explicit 0 with great anger The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 3 m9ri figs-explicit 0 the mountain of Yahweh of hosts The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 4 nus3 0 be in the streets of Jerusalem Alternate translation: “be living in Jerusalem”
ZEC 8 4 z297 figs-explicit 0 in his hand because he has grown so old People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 5 y52e 0 The streets of the city will be full The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.
ZEC 8 6 n3ga figs-metaphor 0 If something seems impossible in the eyes of The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 8 6 d5cx 0 the remnant of this people Alternate translation: “the people of Judah who survive”
ZEC 8 6 c478 figs-metaphor 0 in my eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 8 6 kp58 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 8 7 f4bz figs-explicit 0 I am about to rescue my people The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ZEC 8 8 bcy7 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will be their God in truth and in righteousness This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 9 h94j figs-idiom 0 Strengthen your hands This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 10 h2cs 0 For before those days Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
ZEC 8 10 gp8k 0 no crops were gathered in Alternate translation: “there were no crops to harvest”
ZEC 8 10 z6fg 0 there was no profit for either man or beast It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.
ZEC 8 10 qe6a figs-merism 0 for anyone going or coming This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ZEC 8 10 uh2k 0 I had set every person each against his neighbor Alternate translation: “I had turned everyone against each other”
ZEC 8 11 cg9b 0 But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people Alternate translation: “But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
ZEC 8 11 pcv2 figs-explicit 0 in former days “in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 11 k5pg figs-explicit 0 the remnant of this people The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 11 ec3e figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 8 12 sdy1 figs-activepassive 0 seeds of peace will be sown This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 8 12 nk96 figs-metaphor 0 the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 8 12 gq8d 0 inherit all these things Alternate translation: “to have all these things”
ZEC 8 13 y21m figs-explicit 0 You were an example to the other nations of a curse The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 13 mk9i figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 13 msq7 figs-idiom 0 let your hands be strong This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 13 v8du figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 14 z32e 0 do harm to you Alternate translation: “punish you”
ZEC 8 14 ry4z 0 provoked my anger Alternate translation: “angered me”
ZEC 8 14 pw4j 0 did not relent Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
ZEC 8 15 tg1a figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 16 r54n 0 that you must do “You” refers to the people of Judah.
ZEC 8 16 iy65 figs-abstractnouns 0 Speak truth, every person with his neighbor If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 m4ld 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
ZEC 8 16 u5kf figs-abstractnouns 0 Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 16 k4ez figs-explicit 0 in your gates The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 17 l5wh figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 8 18 u3xt figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 8 18 uuz1 0 came to me Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
ZEC 8 19 hr3x translate-ordinal 0 The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month “The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ZEC 8 19 x9kp figs-explicit 0 The fasts of the fourth month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 8 19 je6q figs-explicit 0 the fifth month The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 8 19 h4zn figs-explicit 0 the seventh month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 8 19 qk5a figs-explicit 0 the tenth month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
ZEC 8 19 v6ls figs-abstractnouns 0 times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 19 vyd5 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 19 c9gv figs-abstractnouns 0 love truth and peace The abstract nouns “truth” and “peace” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “love what is truthful and peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 8 20 r5qf figs-explicit 0 People will come again The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: “People will come again to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 21 rvs3 figs-metonymy 0 will go to another city This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: “will go to the people of another city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 21 b98a 0 beg Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
ZEC 8 21 k69q figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 21 szh9 figs-metaphor 0 seek Yahweh of hosts Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 8 22 nz8j figs-metonymy 0 mighty nations This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: “people of mighty nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 8 23 vw6j figs-explicit 0 will grasp the hem of your robe The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 23 ed1e figs-explicit 0 Let us go with you The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 8 23 wc2l 0 God is with you Alternate translation: “God is with you people”
ZEC 9 intro lyp2 0 # Zechariah 9 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Prophecies against other nations
The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
ZEC 9 1 gn78 0 This is a declaration of Yahweh’s word concerning Alternate translation: “This is Yahweh’s message about”
ZEC 9 1 fjj8 figs-metonymy 0 the land of Hadrak and Damascus Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 9 1 xk5a 0 Hadrak The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
ZEC 9 1 q7lh 0 its resting place Alternate translation: “the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
ZEC 9 1 fi2z 0 for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh Some versions translate this as “for Yahweh’s eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
ZEC 9 1 b62m figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 dbk5 figs-metonymy 0 Hamath This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 x51x figs-metonymy 0 Tyre and Sidon This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise This could mean: (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 9 3 vi9s figs-personification 0 built herself a stronghold Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
ZEC 9 4 nf2a figs-metonymy 0 destroy her strength on the sea Tyre’s “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyre’s ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 4 rk76 figs-activepassive 0 so she will be devoured by fire If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 9 5 zx4k figs-metonymy 0 Ashkelon … Gaza … Ekron, her hopes These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 5 ae33 0 will see Alternate translation: “will see Tyre be destroyed”
ZEC 9 6 fmu2 0 Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod Alternate translation: “Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
ZEC 9 6 r481 figs-idiom 0 I will cut off the pride of the Philistines Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: “I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 9 7 efh7 figs-metonymy 0 I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth Here “blood” is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and “abominations” is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 8 l2f6 figs-metaphor 0 I will camp around my land God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: “I will protect my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 8 lp3e 0 for now Alternate translation: “For at that time”
ZEC 9 8 gnt8 figs-metonymy 0 I see with my own eyes Here “my own eyes” represent Yahweh’s personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 9 iqk3 0 General Information: Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
ZEC 9 9 u6p1 figs-parallelism 0 Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem! These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
ZEC 9 9 apz5 0 daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md).
ZEC 9 9 sey9 0 Behold! This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
ZEC 9 9 ke7v 0 Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you Alternate translation: “Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
ZEC 9 9 kjw8 figs-doublet 0 on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: “on a young donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 9 10 ca4d 0 cut off the chariot from Ephraim Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle”
ZEC 9 10 f5sv figs-explicit 0 the horse from Jerusalem The references to “chariot” and “bow” means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the warhorses in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 9 10 n8py figs-synecdoche 0 the bow will be cut off from battle Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: “all weapons of war will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 9 10 xh6q figs-metonymy 0 for he will speak peace to the nations Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: “for your king will bring peace to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 10 m1ef figs-doublet 0 his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth! The phrases “sea to sea” and “from the River to the ends of the earth” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will be over all the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ZEC 9 10 rij4 0 the River This probably refers to the Euphrates River.
ZEC 9 11 w1wr 0 General Information: Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
ZEC 9 11 tj3z 0 As for you Here “you” is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
ZEC 9 11 n83k figs-metaphor 0 the pit where there is no water This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 12 g5c5 figs-metaphor 0 Return to the stronghold Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: “Come back to your nation where you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 12 v54r 0 prisoners of hope This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
ZEC 9 12 xt6s 0 return double to you Alternate translation: “return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
ZEC 9 13 sjg3 0 Zion This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
ZEC 9 13 mwe7 figs-metaphor 0 I have bent Judah as my bow The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 13 ki73 figs-metaphor 0 filled my quiver with Ephraim Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier’s arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 13 es7k figs-metonymy 0 I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 14 h8w9 0 General Information: In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
ZEC 9 14 ms12 0 will appear to them The word “them” refers to God’s people. Alternate translation: “will be seen in the sky by his people” or “will come to his people”
ZEC 9 14 j3mb figs-simile 0 his arrows will shoot out like lightning! The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 9 14 qh4y 0 blow the trumpet The trumpets were rams’ horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.
ZEC 9 14 cdu9 0 will advance with the storms from Teman Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: “will march from Teman with the storm winds”
ZEC 9 15 rq95 0 they will devour them Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will devour their enemies”
ZEC 9 15 l59u figs-metaphor 0 will devour To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 15 fq6x figs-metonymy 0 defeat the stones of the slings Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 9 15 ure5 figs-simile 0 Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 9 15 t8ng figs-simile 0 they will be filled with wine like bowls This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 9 15 h8j2 figs-simile 0 like the corners of the altar Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 9 16 t4gy 0 General Information: In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
ZEC 9 16 i4qw figs-simile 0 God will rescue them … as the flock of his people The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 9 16 kyv5 figs-metaphor 0 They are the jewels of a crown The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 9 17 udt9 figs-exclamations 0 How good and how beautiful they will be! This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
ZEC 9 17 rzm2 figs-parallelism 0 The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine! This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEC 9 17 uf1p figs-parallelism 0 The young men … the virgins These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 9 17 x8zq figs-parallelism 0 grain … sweet wine These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 10 intro jmh9 0 # Zechariah 10 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Redemption
This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
ZEC 10 1 ybt5 0 vegetation in the field Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
ZEC 10 2 wcl5 0 household idols speak falsely “household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
ZEC 10 2 tc8c 0 diviners envision a lie Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
ZEC 10 2 e8gu figs-explicit 0 they tell deceitful dreams It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 10 2 xi1f 0 empty comfort This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
ZEC 10 2 nb46 figs-simile 0 they wander like sheep The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 2 zr2e figs-simile 0 they … suffer because there is no shepherd The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 3 e9x1 0 General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
ZEC 10 3 iq7u figs-metaphor 0 My wrath burns against the shepherds Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of God’s people. The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 3 ir6n figs-metaphor 0 it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 3 r33n 0 Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah Here Yahweh’s care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
ZEC 10 3 t1tc figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 3 dd5g figs-metaphor 0 make them like his warhorse in battle Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 4 l1sr 0 General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
ZEC 10 4 se8u figs-metaphor 0 From Judah will come the cornerstone “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone … the tent peg … the war bow This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ZEC 10 4 q653 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the tent peg “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 mgt1 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the war bow “the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 4 cw1m 0 from him will come every ruler together Alternate translation: “every ruler will come from Judah”
ZEC 10 5 sg3z figs-simile 0 They will be like warriors … streets in battle The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: “They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 5 f7n7 figs-idiom 0 who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: “who defeat their enemies completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 10 5 xrr5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh is with them Here “with them” is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 10 5 a47d figs-metonymy 0 they will shame those who ride warhorses Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: “they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 6 skk5 0 General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
ZEC 10 6 tf8l figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 6 q4yn figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 6 b62v figs-metaphor 0 I had not cast them off This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ZEC 10 7 zfa5 figs-simile 0 Ephraim will be like a warrior “Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 7 pg8l figs-synecdoche 0 their hearts will rejoice as with wine Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 10 7 u9gr 0 their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me! Alternate translation: “their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
ZEC 10 8 rt4z 0 General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
ZEC 10 8 h3zu 0 I will whistle To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
ZEC 10 9 a419 figs-metaphor 0 I sowed them among the peoples The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 10 qvy9 0 until there is no more room for them The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
ZEC 10 11 gh3n 0 General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
ZEC 10 11 kec9 figs-metaphor 0 I will pass through the sea of their affliction Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 11 sq3e figs-idiom 0 I will strike the waves of that sea Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 10 11 ve5n 0 will dry up all the depths of the Nile Alternate translation: “I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
ZEC 10 11 h8a4 figs-metonymy 0 The majesty of Assyria will be brought down Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyria’s proud army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 11 g3sx figs-metonymy 0 the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 10 12 wnc7 0 I will strengthen them in myself Alternate translation: “I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
ZEC 10 12 dh7y figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 11 intro up7e 0 # Zechariah 11 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17.
## Important figures of speech in this chapter
### Metaphor
This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh’s dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
### Symbolism
The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
ZEC 11 1 d6vm figs-metaphor 0 Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 1 kmf3 figs-metaphor 0 fire may devour your cedars Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 11 2 fu2k figs-personification 0 Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 11 2 fq53 figs-activepassive 0 What was majestic has been devastated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 2 gbt2 figs-personification 0 Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down. The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 11 6 f3ps 0 See! Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
ZEC 11 6 t499 figs-rpronouns 0 I myself The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ZEC 11 6 qz87 figs-metonymy 0 turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 6 sr77 figs-metonymy 0 none of them will I deliver them from their hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep Alternate translation: “for those who bought and sold sheep”
ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 x7fr figs-explicit 0 thirty pieces of silver It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 12 zf3a translate-numbers 0 thirty pieces “30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep Alternate translation: “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
ZEC 11 17 wum9 figs-metonymy 0 May the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: “May enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 17 zwk6 figs-idiom 0 come against his arm and his right eye Here “come against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 11 17 gqb9 figs-metonymy 0 his arm Here “arm” represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 11 17 c27h figs-explicit 0 his right eye A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 11 17 h47i 0 his arm wither away Alternate translation: “his arm waste away” or “his arm become completely useless”
ZEC 12 intro cr4a 0 # Zechariah 12 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Prophecy
Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus’ death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
ZEC 12 1 vy11 0 General Information: These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 1 mz3s figs-metaphor 0 who stretched out the skies This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: “the one who created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 1 gzl6 figs-metaphor 0 laid the foundation of the earth This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: “put all the earth into place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 1 gnm5 0 fashions the spirit of mankind within man This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: “creates the human spirit”
ZEC 12 2 ez4w figs-metaphor 0 I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: “Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 2 s5lx figs-metonymy 0 into a cup Here “cup” represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: “into a cup full of wine” or “into a cup full of an alcoholic drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 2 h8sn figs-personification 0 surrounding her Here “her” refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 12 3 u546 figs-metaphor 0 I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. Alternate translation: “It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 4 h97f 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 4 w42z figs-metaphor 0 Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 4 jgj7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 5 g3n8 figs-metonymy 0 say in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 5 w95z figs-abstractnouns 0 are our strength If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 12 5 u38m 0 Yahweh of hosts, their God Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
ZEC 12 6 zv3y figs-simile 0 like firepots among wood … standing grain This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 12 6 cjb8 0 firepots clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
ZEC 12 6 vm57 0 flaming torch a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere
ZEC 12 6 iv6n figs-metaphor 0 will consume all the surrounding peoples Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will “devour” them. Alternate translation: “will destroy the surrounding peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 6 l53t figs-merism 0 on their right and on their left Here “right” and “left” represent every direction. Alternate translation: “in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ZEC 12 6 hh2l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will again live in her own place Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 7 qxb1 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
ZEC 12 7 nba7 figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Judah Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David This could mean: (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 8 ys6n figs-simile 0 those who are weak among them will be like David This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ZEC 12 8 zz25 0 the angel of Yahweh This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
ZEC 12 10 f9d7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 12 10 dtc6 0 a spirit of compassion and pleading Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.
ZEC 12 10 c3sx figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 10 zpa3 0 the one they have pierced Alternate translation: “the one whom they stabbed to death”
ZEC 12 10 rxx7 figs-ellipsis 0 for an only son It is understood that the “son” has died. Alternate translation: “for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ZEC 12 11 mcu4 translate-names 0 the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 12 11 qg93 translate-names 0 Megiddo This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 12 12 jj6q figs-metonymy 0 The land will mourn This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the people in the land of Judah will mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 12 qth7 figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of David … The clan of the house of Nathan Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 12 13 r6fc figs-metonymy 0 The clan of the house of Levi Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 13 intro jz2l 0 # Zechariah 13 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9.
## Special concepts in this chapter
Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
ZEC 13 1 f2a5 figs-metaphor 0 a spring will be opened … for their sin and impurity Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 1 f3zc 0 a spring a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
ZEC 13 1 s36v figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 13 2 x2wt figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 13 2 v452 figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off the names of the idols from the land Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 2 u9ue figs-idiom 0 they will no longer be remembered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 13 2 mck6 figs-metaphor 0 I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 3 l7gb figs-explicit 0 to prophesy It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 3 rx4l figs-distinguish 0 his father and mother who bore him The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someone’s own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
ZEC 13 3 s24k 0 You will not live This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must die”
ZEC 13 3 w2sb figs-metonymy 0 you speak lies in the name of Yahweh Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: “you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 13 3 bap1 0 will pierce Alternate translation: “will stab and kill him”
ZEC 13 4 u383 figs-explicit 0 each prophet This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: “every false prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 4 jx8d figs-explicit 0 no longer wear a hairy cloak Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 5 wud8 0 I am a man who works the soil Alternate translation: “I am a farmer”
ZEC 13 5 ip2z 0 the land became my work while I was still a young man Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.” Alternate translation: “I became a farmer when I was young”
ZEC 13 6 q1gg figs-explicit 0 What are these wounds between your arms? “How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 6 f1cf figs-explicit 0 he will answer It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 13 7 l7mc writing-poetry 0 General Information: Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ZEC 13 7 c9hl figs-personification 0 Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd “You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ZEC 13 7 z2t4 figs-metaphor 0 my shepherd This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 7 r27c figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ZEC 13 7 ttv9 figs-metaphor 0 the flock will scatter The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “my people will run away like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 7 kp5p figs-idiom 0 I will turn my hand against the lowly ones The idiom “turn my hand against” means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: “I will attack the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 13 7 tys6 0 the lowly ones This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.
ZEC 13 8 u8xd figs-metaphor 0 that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: “that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
ZEC 13 9 ac7v figs-metaphor 0 I will bring that third through the fire Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 9 h19l figs-metaphor 0 refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 13 9 ru4e figs-metonymy 0 They will call on my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “They will call out to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 14 intro ljq3 0 # Zechariah 14 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
## Special concepts in this chapter
### Last days
Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days.
ZEC 14 1 zs1r 0 General Information: This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
ZEC 14 1 a7h2 figs-metaphor 0 A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 q4hu figs-hyperbole 0 I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ZEC 14 2 qi2n figs-activepassive 0 the city will be captured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 lk8a figs-activepassive 0 The houses will be plundered and the women raped If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 2 cej1 figs-activepassive 0 the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 3 l9z1 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
ZEC 14 3 m5ez 0 as when he wages war on the day of battle Alternate translation: “just as he fought battles in the past”
ZEC 14 4 v1g4 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
ZEC 14 4 ak3r figs-synecdoche 0 his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ZEC 14 4 kpm4 figs-activepassive 0 The Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valley If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 5 x9i7 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 5 u952 figs-you 0 you will flee Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ZEC 14 5 n974 0 between Yahweh’s mountains This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
ZEC 14 5 q9u5 translate-names 0 Azel This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 5 d8ly figs-explicit 0 You will flee just as you fled Here “You will” refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, “you fled” refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: “You will flee just as your ancestors fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 5 n1lh figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah Here “in the days” is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 5 mw1g 0 the holy ones This probably refers to God’s angels.
ZEC 14 6 g29k 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 6 qjd1 0 On that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
ZEC 14 6 z2kn figs-explicit 0 there will be no light It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 7 yli2 figs-activepassive 0 a day known only to Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 8 v254 figs-idiom 0 living waters This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 8 wpw5 0 the eastern sea This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
ZEC 14 8 uks5 0 the western sea This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
ZEC 14 9 k9gf 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 9 r6ni figs-metonymy 0 there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation or character. Alternate translation: “people will know that Yahweh is the only true God” or “people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 14 10 wmv3 figs-explicit 0 All the land It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 10 sj4y translate-names 0 Arabah This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 sxq5 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 rz4c translate-names 0 Rimmon This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 uk8u grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Jerusalem will continue to be raised up This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate … the first gate … the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 10 t1rw translate-names 0 the Tower of Hananel This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ZEC 14 10 rki8 figs-explicit 0 the king’s winepresses This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 14 12 qiz5 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 12 wg9q 0 even as they are standing on their feet “while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
ZEC 14 13 w6fr figs-abstractnouns 0 that great fear from Yahweh will come among them If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ZEC 14 13 yl73 figs-idiom 0 Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 14 jps4 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 14 n8dy figs-metonymy 0 Judah will also fight against Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ZEC 14 14 h6q8 0 Judah will also fight against Jerusalem Some versions of the Bible read, “Judah will also fight at Jerusalem.”
ZEC 14 14 up2x 0 They will gather the wealth Alternate translation: “They will capture all the valuable possessions”
ZEC 14 14 q411 0 in great abundance Alternate translation: “in great quantities”
ZEC 14 16 wx98 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 16 rf9t figs-idiom 0 that came against Jerusalem Here “came against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that attacked Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ZEC 14 16 y2h6 0 will instead go up from year to year Alternate translation: “will instead go to Jerusalem every year”
ZEC 14 16 ryt4 0 the Festival of Shelters Alternate translation: “the Festival of Tabernacles” or “the Festival of Booths” or “the Festival of Tents”
ZEC 14 18 q1tm figs-metaphor 0 A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ZEC 14 19 ai96 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 20 q1hq 0 General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
ZEC 14 20 j9sd 0 the bells of the horses will say Alternate translation: “the inscription on the bells of the horses will say”
ZEC 14 20 ez1i figs-explicit 0 the basins in Yahweh’s house These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 20 c8cd figs-explicit 0 will be like the bowls before the altar It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: “will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 21 q299 0 every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.
ZEC 14 21 qfn5 figs-explicit 0 traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: “people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ZEC 14 21 hw3t 0 traders Some versions of the Bible translate “traders” as “Canaanites.”