# he ... his

The words "he" and "his" here refer to God.

# containers of wrath ... containers of mercy

Paul speaks of people as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "people who deserve wrath ... people who deserve mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# the riches of his glory upon

Paul compares God's wonderful actions here to great "riches." Alternate translation: "his glory, which is of great value, upon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# which he had previously prepared for glory

Here "glory" refers to life in heaven with God. Alternate translation: "whom he prepared ahead of time in order that they might live with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])